Medical Imaging Technology
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Transcript of Medical Imaging Technology
Medical Imaging Technology
Producing Images of Organs and Tissues
• Medical imaging allows doctors to see within the human body so that they can diagnose and treat diseases or ailments.
• Today we will be looking at different imaging technologies that doctors can use to look inside the human body
X-Ray
• X-Ray is high energy radiation that can penetrate skin and tissues but that can not penetrate metals and bone
• X-Ray radiographs can be anaylzed for broken bones, structure of blood vessels and arteries, and lungs abnormalities
• Associated risks with X-rays:• Can cause changes and mutationsto DNA lead apron
Fluoroscopy
• Uses a continuous beam of X-Rays to produce images that show movement of organs ex. Stomach, intestine, colon.
• The blood vessels can also be studied, called an angiogram. A dye is injected into the patient, and the blood flow can be seen by the doctor, this will demonstrate any blockages or narrowing of arteries
• Barium or iodine is ingested in to the patient
Ultrasound
• high-frequency sound waves to produce images of body tissues and organs.
• Soundwaves enter the body and are reflected back by internal body structures• Study soft tissue and major organs• Study developing fetus to check for abnormalities• Guides the needle during a biopsy or for amniotic fluid• No documented risks
Computed Tomography (CT)• CT or CAT
• using X-ray equipment to form a three dimensional image from a series of images taken at different angles of the body
• Diagnose cancer, abnormalities to skeletal system, vascular diseases• Image bone, soft tissue and blood vessels all at same time, and is a
quick and painless process• CT of head can detect bleeding of brain
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body
• Image structure and function of brain, heart and liver, soft tissues and insides of bones
• Diagnose cancer, brain diseases, and cardiovascular conditions
• No documented risks
Biophotonics
• uses the interactions of light with cells and tissues.• Light shines on cells, the particles of light are scattered by atoms
in the molecules of the cells. A special imaging device records these scatter patterns. The molecules in abnormal cells create different scatter patterns than normal cells.
• Use endoscope to explore digestive tract (colonoscopy)• endoscopic surgeries require smaller incisions and shorter
recovery
Decisions and Diagnosis
• Factors involved for appropriate treatment:• Doctor ordering correct test• Patient understanding the reasoning of the test• Technician administering the test correctly• Proper funding• Location
Questions
• What is an angiogram• What are some limitations with the use of X-ray
technologies• How are x-rays used in the treatment of cancer?• What information can be provided by a chest radiograph?• A patient is suspected of having bone cancer. Explain
whether or not ultrasound is a good imaging tool for diagnosing bone cancer.
Public health strategies
Immunization Programs:• vaccinations or immunizations: protects individuals and
societies as a whole.• Influenza, H1N1, mumps, measles, polio, tetanus, rubella,
HPV • HIV/AIDS vaccine development over 33 million people are
infected with HIVScreening Programs:• DNA Screening: identify people who have high risk factors,
early detection• DNA screen in search of genetic markers which signal
disease
Public health strategies
Promoting Health Lifestyles:• Smoke free environments • proper diet, Canadian Food guide, encouraging physical
activity, weight control
Public health strategies
Promoting Public Awareness:• Protecting from sun and reducing skin cancer – sunscreen
lotion for UV ray protection, hats, sun glasses, long clothing
• West Nile virus – minimize exposure to mosquitoes during active periods, remove sources of standing water, DEET
• Informing public of statistics such as rates of occurrence leads to more public awareness and precautionary measures.
Questions
• What is the most commonly administered vaccine in Ontario?
• Define HIV and AIDS and show the relationship between the two terms
• Explain what might happen to you if you were bitten by a mosquito carrying the west Nile virus
• Describe some public health strategies used to promote healthy living in Ontario.