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Medical Gas Systems

NFPA 99 –2012

Bob Kroening Over 25 years designing, inspecting, and verifying plumbing systems

in Healthcare Facilities President of Medical Gas Systems , Inc., A medical gas system

consulting and verification company. MGS has been consulting, inspecting, testing, and certifying medical gas systems in the United

States and Canada since 1975

Currently credentialed: Medical Gas System Installer (ASSE 6010) by National Inspection

Testing Certification Corporation (NITC) Medical Gas System Inspector (ASSE 6020) by National

Inspection Testing Certification Corporation (NITC) Medical Gas System Verifier (ASSE 6030) by National Inspection

Testing Certification Corporation (NITC) Credentialed Medical Gas Verifier (CMGV) by Medical Gas

Professional Healthcare Organization (MGPHO) Bulk Medical Gas System Verifier (ASSE 6035) by Medical Gas

Professional Healthcare Organization (MGPHO) Medical Gas System Instructor (ASSE 6050) by National

Inspection Testing Certification Corporation (NITC)

Important Notice and

Disclaimer of Liability Concerning

the Use of These MaterialsThe information in this presentation should not be confused with Federal, State, Provincial, or Municipal codes, standards, or regulations; insurance requirements; or national safety codes. These materials are to be used on a voluntary basis and should not be considered absolute. Medical Gas Systems, Inc. (MGS) disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature, whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use, or reliance on these materials. MGS makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information contained in this presentation. This presentation was prepared using the NFPA 99-2012 code document, and ASSE 6000-2012 Qualification Standard

NFPA DISCLAIMER

Although Mr. Kroening is a member of the NFPA, which is responsible for the applicable sections of NFPA 99: Health Care Facilities Code, the views and opinions expressed in this presentation are purely the authors and shall not be considered an official position of the NFPA or any of its Technical Committees and shall not be considered, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation or promotion of the NFPA.Readers are encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced documents.

Important Notice Regarding the Terms of Use

of These MaterialsCopyrightThe information in this presentation is protected by copyright:Copyright © 2016 Medical Gas Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Except as specifically permitted herein, no portion of the information in this presentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission fromMedical Gas Systems, Inc. and Robert Kroening.All materials presented are copyrighted and the exclusive property of Robert Kroening and Medical Gas Systems, Inc. This document is not to be copied, reproduced, distributed, used, or displayed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Medical Gas

Systems, Inc. and Robert Kroening. Doing so may result in severe civil and criminal penaltiesIf you do not agree to these terms below, you are not authorized to use the presentation.

Use of Presentation MaterialsUnless indicated otherwise, you may view, copy, print, and distribute this presentation, subject to the following conditions:The document may be used solely for personal, informational, non-commercial purposes;The document may not be modified or altered in any way;Any copy of the document or portion thereof must include the copyright notice above and this permission notice; and Medical Gas Systems, Inc. reserves the right to revoke such authorization at any time, and any such use shall be discontinued immediately upon written notice from Medical Gas Systems, Inc.

Applicable Codes & Standards

NFPA 99, 2012 edition

ANSI/ASSE Series 6000, 2012 edition

NFPA 55, 2013 edition

NFPA 99 - 2012 Chapter 5 Gas and Vacuum Systems

Category 1 - Hospital type facilities.

Category 2 - Ambulatory Care, Clinic and Nursing Home facilities.

Category 3 - Medical, Dental offices and Limited Care facilities.

Category 4 - Non-Health Care Facilities

NFPA 99 - 2015 Chapter 5 Gas and Vacuum Systems

Category 1 - Hospital type facilities.

Category 2 - Ambulatory Care, Clinic and Nursing Home facilities.

Category 3 - Medical, Dental offices and Limited Care facilities.

Category 4 - Non-Health Care Facilities

NFPA = National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 99 “Health Care Facilities Code”, is updated by the “NFPA Technical Committee” approximately every three years. (The latest version, 2015 Edition “Health Care Facility Code” was just released in October 2014 and is widely viewed as the most comprehensive medical gas system document with patient safety at its highest).

NFPA 99 is adopted by states, most commonly through, the adoption of NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

NFPA 101® Life Safety Code® 2012 Edition (CMS has adopted NFPA 101 – 2012 and NFPA 99 -2012 effective July 5, 2016) NFPA 101-2012 Chapter 18 NEW HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES

101-18.3.2.4 Medical Gas. Medical gas storage and administration areas shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities.

Medical Gas SystemsMany specifying engineers will design, and require

that their installations meet the most current version

of NFPA 99 - 2015.

All medical gas equipment manufactures typically

update their equipment to meet the most current

version of NFPA 99 - 2015.

Two medical gas equipment manufacturers (Ohio

Medical and Allied Healthcare – Chemetron) have

not updated their product lines to meet the current

NFPA 99 -2012 requirements (specifically 5.1.9.3.5)

Area alarm panels are required to indicate an error in

the event that a gas specific sensor/transducer is

inadvertently connected to an alarm panel circuit

board for another gas type.

NFPA 99 – 2012 Health Care

Facilities Code

Existing Facilities directive to adhere to

specific requirements within this code

document NFPA 99 -2012 – 5.1.1.6

NFPA 99 – 2012 – 5.1.1.6 was revised by

NFPA via TIA 12-4 and is a replacement for

the text that was issued with the NFPA 99-

2012 Health Care Facilities Code book

Existing Facilities (Per TIA 12-4) 5.1.1.6 The following subsections of this chapter shall apply to

the operation, management, and maintenance of Category

1 medical gas and vacuum systems in existing facilities:

(1) 5.1.2

(2) 5.1.3.1

(3) 5.1.3.2

(4) 5.1.3.3.1.7

(5) 5.1.3.3.1.8

(6) 5.1.3.3.4

(7) 5.1.3.6.2

(8) 5.1.3.8.5.2

(9) 5.1.14

(10) 5.1.15

Nature of Hazards of Gas

and Vacuum Systems

5.1.2 Nature of Hazards of Gas and

Vacuum Systems. Potential fire and

explosion hazards associated with positive

pressure gas central piping systems and

medical–surgical vacuum systems shall be

considered in the design, installation,

testing, operation, and maintenance of

these systems.

Central Supply System

Identification and Labeling 5.1.3.1 Central Supply System Identification and Labeling.

5.1.3.1.1* Containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be designed,

fabricated, tested, and marked (stamped) in accordance with

regulations of DOT, Transport Canada (TC) Transportation of

Dangerous Goods Regulations, or the ASME Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, “Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure

Vessels,” Section VIII. [55:7.1.5.1]

5.1.3.1.2 Cylinder contents shall be identified by attached

labels or stencils naming the contents in accordance with CGA

C-7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and

Marking of Compressed Gas Containers.

5.1.3.1.3 Liquid containers shall have additional product

identification visible from all directions with a minimum of 51

mm (2 in.) high letters such as a 360-degree wraparound tape

for medical liquid containers.


Identification and Labeling 5.1.3.1.4 Cryogenic liquid containers shall be provided with gas-

specific outlet connections in accordance with CGA V-5,

Diameter-Index Safety System (Non-interchangeable Low

Pressure Connections for Medical Gas Applications), or CGA V-

1, Compressed Gas Association Standard for Compressed Gas

Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Connections.

5.1.3.1.5 Cylinder and cryogenic liquid container outlet

connections shall be affixed in such a manner as to be integral

to the valve(s), un-removable with ordinary tools, or so

designed as to render the attachment point unusable when

removed.

5.1.3.1.6 The contents of cylinders and cryogenic liquid

containers shall be verified prior to use.

5.1.3.1.7 Labels shall not be defaced, altered, or removed, and

connecting fittings shall not be modified.


Identification and Labeling 5.1.3.1.8 Locations containing positive pressure gases other

than oxygen and medical air shall have their door(s) labeled as

follows:

Positive Pressure Gases

NO Smoking or Open Flame

Room May Have Insufficient Oxygen

Open Door and Allow Room to Ventilate Before Entering

5.1.3.1.9 Locations containing central supply systems or

cylinders containing only oxygen or medical air shall have their

door(s) labeled as follows:

Medical Gases

NO Smoking or Open Flame


Operations 5.1.3.2 Central Supply System Operations.

5.1.3.2.1 The use of adapters or conversion fittings to adapt one

gas-specific fitting to another shall be prohibited.

5.1.3.2.2 Cylinders and containers shall be handled in strict

accordance with 11.6.2.

5.1.3.2.3 Only gas cylinders, reusable shipping containers, and

their accessories shall be permitted to be stored in rooms

containing central supply systems or gas cylinders.

5.1.3.2.4 No flammable materials, cylinders containing

flammable gases, or containers containing flammable liquids

shall be stored in rooms with gas cylinders.

5.1.3.2.5 If cylinders are wrapped when received, the wrappers

shall be removed prior to storage.

5.1.3.2.6 Cylinders without correct markings or whose markings

and gas-specific fittings do not match shall not be used.


Operations 5.1.3.2.7 Cryogenic liquid storage units intended to supply gas

to the facility shall not be used to transfill other liquid storage

vessels.

5.1.3.2.8 Care shall be exercised when handling cylinders that

have been exposed to freezing temperatures or containers

that contain cryogenic liquids to prevent injury to the skin.

5.1.3.2.9 Cylinders containing compressed gases and

containers for volatile liquids shall be kept away from radiators,

steam piping, and like sources of heat.

5.1.3.2.10 When cylinder valve protection caps are supplied,

they shall be secured tightly in place unless the cylinder is

connected for use.

5.1.3.2.11 Containers shall not be stored in a tightly closed

space.

Cylinder Storage Location

Temperature Requirements 5.1.3.3.1.7 Cylinders in use and in storage shall be prevented

from reaching temperatures in excess of 54°C (130°F).

(5) 5.1.3.3.1.8 Central supply systems for nitrous oxide and

carbon dioxide using cylinders or portable containers shall be

prevented from reaching temperatures lower than the

recommendations of the central supply system's manufacturer,

but shall never be lower than −29°C (−20°F) or greater than

51.6°C (125°F).

Storage 5.1.3.3.4 Storage.

5.1.3.3.4.1 Full or empty medical gas cylinders, when not

connected, shall be stored in locations complying with 5.1.3.3.2

through 5.1.3.3.3 and shall be permitted to be in the same

rooms or enclosures as their respective central supply systems.

5.1.3.3.4.2 Cylinders, whether full or empty, shall not be stored in

enclosures containing motor-driven machinery, with the

exception of cylinders intended for instrument air reserve

headers complying with 5.1.3.9.5, which shall be permitted to

be placed in the same location containing an instrument air

compressor when it is the only motor-driven machinery located

within the room. Only cylinders intended for instrument air

reserve headers complying with 5.1.3.9.5 shall be permitted to

be stored in enclosures containing instrument air compressors.

Storage 5.1.3.4 Control Equipment. For control equipment, as specified

in 5.1.3.5.5, 5.1.3.5.6, and 5.1.3.5.7, that is physically remote from

the supply system, the control equipment shall be installed

within a secure enclosure to prevent unauthorized access in

accordance with 5.1.3.3.2(2).

5.1.3.4.1 The enclosure shall provide enough space to perform

maintenance and repair.

5.1.3.4.2 The location of the enclosure for control equipment

other than for medical air shall not communicate with

combustible or flammable materials.

Uses of Medical Air

5.1.3.6.2* Uses of Medical Air. Medical air

sources shall be connected to the

medical air distribution system only and

shall be used only for air in the application

of human respiration and calibration of

medical devices for respiratory

application.

WAGD Producers

5.1.3.8.5.2 Automatic or manual

alternation of producers shall allow

division of operating time. If automatic

alternation of producers is not provided,

the facility staff shall arrange a schedule

for manual alternation.

Category 1 Operation and

Management 5.1.14.1 Special Precautions — Patient Gas, Vacuum, WAGD,

and Medical Support Gas Systems.

5.1.14.1.1* Piping systems shall not be used for the distribution of

flammable anesthetic gases.

5.1.14.1.2 Piping systems shall not be used as a grounding

electrode.

5.1.14.1.3* Liquid or debris shall not be introduced into the

medical–surgical vacuum or WAGD systems for disposal.

5.1.14.1.4* The medical–surgical vacuum and WAGD systems

shall not be used for nonmedical applications (e.g., vacuum

steam condensate return).


Management 5.1.14.2 Maintenance of Medical Gas, Vacuum, WAGD, and

Medical Support Gas Systems.

5.1.14.2.1* General. Health care facilities with installed medical

gas, vacuum, WAGD, or medical support gas systems, or

combinations thereof, shall develop and document periodic

maintenance programs for these systems and their

subcomponents as appropriate to the equipment installed.


Management 5.1.14.2.2 Maintenance Programs.

5.1.14.2.2.1 Inventories. Inventories of medical gas, vacuum,

WAGD, and medical support gas systems shall include at least

all source subsystems, control valves, alarms, manufactured

assemblies containing patient gases, and outlets.


Management 5.1.14.2.2 Maintenance Programs.

5.1.14.2.2.2* Inspection Schedules. Scheduled inspections for

equipment and procedures shall be established through the

risk assessment of the facility and developed with consideration

of the original equipment manufacturer recommendations and

other recommendations as required by the authority having

jurisdiction.


Management 5.1.14.2.2.3 Inspection Procedures. The facility shall be

permitted to use any inspection procedure(s) or testing

methods established through its own risk assessment.

The facility shall be permitted to use any inspec0on procedure(s) or tes0ng methods

established

through its own risk assessment.

5.1.14.2.2.3 – Maintenance Programs: Inspection Procedures

Ex: Vacuum Pump Inspection

• Document Inlet Performance Criteria (Flow, Labeling, Latch, Leaks, etc.)

• Document Area Alarm Settings

• Document Master Alarm Settings

• Etc.


Management 5.1.14.2.2.4 Maintenance Schedules. Scheduled maintenance

for equipment and procedures shall be established through the

risk assessment of the facility and developed with consideration

of the original equipment manufacturer recommendations and

other recommendations as required by the authority having

jurisdiction.Scheduled maintenance for equipment and procedures shall be established through

the risk

assessment of the facility and developed with consideration of the original equipment

manufacturer recommendations and other recommendations as required by the

authority having

jurisdiction.

5.1.14.2.2.4 – Maintenance Programs: Maintenance Schedules

Ex: Vacuum Pump Maintenance

• Check Hours

• Check Amps

• Check Volts

• Check Vane Wear/Oil

• Check Filters

• Check Lead/Lag Settings

• Etc.


Management 5.1.14.2.2.5 Qualifications. Persons maintaining these systems

shall be qualified to perform these operations. Appropriate

qualification shall be demonstrated by any of the following:

(1) Training and certification through the health care facility by

which such persons are employed to work with specific

equipment as installed in that facility

(2) Credentialing to the requirements of ASSE 6040, Professional

Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Maintenance

Personnel

(3) Credentialing to the requirements of ASSE 6030, Professional

Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Systems Verifiers


Management 5.1.14.2.3 Inspection and Testing Operations.

5.1.14.2.3.1 General. The elements in 5.1.14.2.2.2 through 5.1.15

shall be inspected or tested as part of the maintenance

program as follows:

(1)*Medical air source, as follows:

(a) Room temperature

(b) Shaft seal condition

(c) Filter condition

(d) Presence of hydrocarbons

(e) Room ventilation

(f) Water quality, if so equipped

(g) Intake location

(h) Carbon monoxide monitor calibration

(i) Air purity

(j) Dew point


Management A.5.1.14.2.3.1(1) Additional inspections for medical air sources include the following:

(1) Air-coolers (condition, opera0on of automatic drains)

(2) Operating pressures (cut-in, cut-out, and control pressures)

(3) Electrical opera0tin

(4) Receiver elements (auto drain, manual drain, sight glass, pressure gauge)

(5) Pressure regulators (condition)

(6) Dryer (operation, outlet dew point, condi0on, housekeeping)

(7) Dew point calibration

(8) Housekeeping around compressors


Management (2)*Medical vacuum source — exhaust locationA.5.1.14.2.3.1(2) Additional inspections for medical vacuum sources and WAGD sources

include the following:

The elements in 5.1.14.2.2.2 through 5.1.15 shall be inspected or tested as part of the

maintenance program as follows:

(1) Operating vacuum (cut-in, cut-out, and control pressures)

(2) Electrical operation

(3) Receiver elements (manual drain, sight glass, vacuum gauge)

(4) Housekeeping around pump

(3) WAGD source — exhaust location

(4)*Instrument air source — filter condition


Management


Management (5)*Manifold sources (including systems complying with

5.1.3.5.10, 5.1.3.5.11, 5.1.3.5.12, and 5.1.3.5.13), as follows:

(a) Ventilation

(b) Enclosure labeling

A.5.1.14.2.3.1(5) Addi0onal inspec0ons for manifold sources include the following:

(1) Cylinder leads (condition)

(2) Cascade (switching from one header to another)

(3) Source valve (labeling)

(4) Relief valves (discharge location and condition)

(5) Leaks

(6) Security (door or gate locks and signage)

(7) Housekeeping around manifolds

(6) Bulk cryogenic liquid source inspected in accordance with

NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code


Management (7) Final line regulation for all positive pressure systems —

delivery pressure

(8)*Valves — labeling

(9)*Alarms and warning systems — lamp and audio operation

(10) Alarms and warning systems, as follows:

(a) Master alarm signal operation

(b) Area alarm signal operation

(c) Local alarm signal operation

(11)*Station outlets/inlets, as follows:

(a) Flow

(b) Labeling

(c) Latching/delatching

(d) Leaks


Management 5.1.14.2.3.2 Manufactured Assemblies

Employing Flexible Connection(s) Between

the User Terminal and the Piping System.

(A) Nonstationary booms and articulating

assemblies, other than head walls utilizing

flexible connectors, shall be tested for leaks,

per manufacturer’s recommendations, every

18 months or at a duration as determined by

a risk assessment.

(B) The system pressure to nonstationary

booms and articulating arms shall be

maintained at operating pressure until each

joint has been examined for leakage by

effective means of leak detection that is safe

for use with oxygen.

(C) Safe working condition of the flexible

assemblies shall be confirmed.


Management (D) D.I.S.S. connectors internal to the boom and assemblies

shall be checked for leakage.

(E) Leaks, if any, shall be repaired (if permitted), or the

components replaced (if required), and the equipment

retested prior to placing the equipment back into service.

(F) Additional testing of nonstationary booms or articulating

arms shall be performed at intervals defined by documented

performance data.


Management 5.1.14.3 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Information and

Warning Signs.

5.1.14.3.1 The gas content of medical gas and vacuum piping

systems shall be labeled in accordance with 5.1.11.1.

5.1.14.3.2 Labels for shutoff valves shall be in accordance with

5.1.11.2 and updated when modifications are made changing

the areas served.

5.1.14.4 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Maintenance and

Record Keeping. See B.5.2.

5.1.14.4.1 Permanent records of all tests required by 5.1.12.3.1

through 5.1.12.3.14 shall be maintained in the organization’s

files.


Management 5.1.14.4.2 The supplier of the bulk cryogenic liquid system shall,

upon request, provide documentation of vaporizer(s) sizing

criteria to the facility.

5.1.14.4.3 An annual review of bulk system capacity shall be

conducted to ensure the source system has sufficient capacity.

5.1.14.4.4 Central supply systems for nonflammable medical

gases shall conform to the following:

(1) They shall be inspected annually.

(2) They shall be maintained by a qualified representative of

the equipment owner.

(3) A record of the annual inspection shall be available for

review by the authority having jurisdiction.


Management 5.1.14.4.5 A periodic testing procedure for nonflammable

medical gas and vacuum and related alarm systems shall be

implemented.

5.1.14.4.6 Whenever modifications are made that breach the

pipeline, any necessary installer and verification test specified

in 5.1.12 shall be conducted on the downstream portions of the

medical gas piping system.

5.1.14.4.7 Procedures, as specified, shall be established for the

following:

(1) Maintenance program for the medical air compressor

supply system in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations

(2) Facility testing and calibration procedure that ensures

carbon monoxide monitors are calibrated at least annually or

more often if recommended by the manufacturer


Management (3) Maintenance program for both the medical–surgical

vacuum piping system and the secondary equipment

attached to medical–surgical vacuum station inlets to ensure

the continued good performance of the entire medical–

surgical vacuum system

(4) Maintenance program for the WAGD system to ensure

performance


Management 5.1.14.4.8 Audible and visual alarm indicators shall meet the

following requirements:

(1) They shall be periodically tested to determine that they are

functioning properly.

(2) Records of the test shall be maintained until the next test is

performed.

5.1.14.4.9 Medical–surgical vacuum station inlet terminal

performance, as required in 5.1.12.3.10.4, shall be tested as

follows:

(1) On a regular preventive maintenance schedule as

determined by the facility maintenance staff

(2) Based on flow of free air (Nl/min or SCFM) into a station inlet

while simultaneously checking the vacuum level


Management A.5.1.15 Medical gas and vacuum systems should be surveyed

at least annually for the items that

follow and deficient items corrected. Survey of medical air and instrument air sources should include, but not be limited

to, the

following:

(1) Dew point monitor (operation and calibration)

(2) Carbon monoxide monitor (medical air only) (operation and calibration)

(3) Air-coolers (condition, operation of drains)

(4) Operating pressures (cut-in, cut-out, and control pressures)

(5) All local alarms (verify presence of required alarms, perform electrical test, test

lag alarm)

(6) Receiver elements (auto drain, manual drain, sight glass, pressure gauge)

(7) Filters (condition)

(8) Pressure regulators (condition, output pressure)

(9) Source valve (labeling)

(10) Intake (location and condi0on)

(11) Housekeeping around compressors

The limitations of the

NFPA 99 document

DEFINITIONS

General Anesthesia & Levels of Sedation

Definition Change

Important for determination of

Anesthetizing Locations

General Anesthesia & Levels

of Sedation /Analgesia3.3.63.3 Minimal Sedation (Anxlolysis).

A drug-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands.

Although cognitive function and coordination may be impaired, ventilatory and

cardiovascular functions are unaffected.

3.3.63.4 Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation).

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully

to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation.

No interventions are required to maintain a patient airway, and spontaneous ventilation

is adequate. Cardiovascular function is usually maintained.

3.3.63.1 Deep Sedation/Analgesia

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully

following repeated or painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired.

Patients may require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and spontaneous ventilation may be inadequate. Cardiovascular function

is usually maintained.

3.3.63.2 General Anesthesia

A drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Patients often require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and positive pressure

ventilation may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression

of neuromuscular function. Cardiovascular function may be impaired.

Patient Care Rooms3.3.138* Patient Care Room.

Any room of a health care facility wherein patients are intended to be examined or treated.

3.3.138.2* Critical Care Room.

Room in which failure of equipment or a system is likely to cause major injury or death of patients or

caregivers . (critical care, intensive care, delivery rooms, operating rooms, post-anesthesia care units, trauma

rooms, and special care treatment rooms such as angiography laboratories, cardiac catheterization

laboratories and other similar rooms).

3.3.138.3* General Care Room.

Room in which failure of equipment or a system is likely to cause minor Injury to patients or caregivers

(inpatient bedrooms, dialysis rooms, in vitro fertilization rooms, procedural rooms, and similar rooms).

.

3.3.138.1* Basic Care Room.

Room in which the failure of equipment or a system is not likely to cause injury to the patients or caregivers

but can cause patient discomfort . (examination or treatment rooms in clinics, medical and dental offices,

nursing homes, and limited care facilities).

3.3.138.4* Support Room.

Room in which failure of equipment or a system is not likely to have a physical impact on patients or

caregivers . (anesthesia work rooms, sterile supply, laboratories, morgues, waiting rooms, utility rooms, and

lounges).

Categories Determined by

a Risk Assessment

Category 1

Systems(Hospitals)

Facility systems in which failure of such

equipment or system is likely to cause

major injury or death of patients or

caregivers shall be designed to meet

system Category 1 requirements as

defined in the code. Category 1: Systems are expected to work or be available at all times to support

patient needs.

Category 2 Systems(Clinics)


equipment is likely to cause minor injury to

patients or caregivers shall be designed to

meet system Category 2 requirements as

defined in the code. Category 2: Systems are expected to provide a high level of reliability; however,

limited short durations of equipment downtime can be tolerated without

significant impact on patient care. Category 2 systems support patient needs

but are not critical for life support.

Category 3 Systems(Dental)Facility systems in which failure of such

equipment is not likely to cause injury to patient or caregivers, but can cause patient discomfort, shall be designed to meet system Category 3 requirements as defined in the code. Category 3: Normal building system reliabilities are expected.

Such systems support patient needs, but failure of such equipment would not immediately affect patient care. Such

equipment is not critical for life support.

Category 4 Systems (Non-

Patient Care)


equipment would have no impact on

patient care shall be designed to meet

system Category 4 requirements as

defined in the code.

Medical GasesStandard designation colors and operating pressures for

Category 1 Gas and Vacuum Systems

GAS Abbreviation Colors (background/Text) Pressures

Medical Air MA Yellow/black 50-55 psig

Carbon Dioxide CO2 Grey/black or grey/white 50-55 psig

Nitrogen N2 Black/white 160-185 psig

Nitrous oxide N2O Blue/white 50-55 psig

Oxygen O2 Green/white or white/green 50-55 psig

Medical vacuum MV White/black 15-30”HgG

WAGD WAGD Violet/white varies based on

supply type

(15-30”HgG (typical))

Lab Air LA yellow and white checkerboard/black no standard

Lab Vacuum LV White and black Checkerboard /black boxed no standard

Permitted Locations for

Medical Gases 5.1.3.5.3 Permitted Locations for Medical Gases. Central

supply systems and medical gas outlets for oxygen,

medical air, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and all other

patient medical gases shall be piped only into areas

where the gases will be used under the direction of

licensed medical professionals for purposes congruent

with the following:

1) Direct respiration by patients

2) Clinical application of the gas to a patient, such as the use

of an insufflator to inject carbon dioxide into patient body

cavities during laparoscopic surgery and carbon dioxide

used to purge heart-lung machine blood flow ways.

3) Medical devise applications directly related to respiration.

4) Power for medical devises used directly on patients.

5) Calibration of medical devises intended for the above

applications.

Oxygen (Patient Medical

Gas 3.3.142)Oxygen is a colorless and odorless gas. Oxygen is used primarily to supplement or

entirely replace the air that a patient will breathe.

Oxygen is a non-flammable gas, but will cause combustible materials to burn violently when immersed in an oxygen enriched environmental.

Oxygen purity must meet the requirements of United States Pharmacopeia (UPS) Standards

Oxygen is a prescribed drug

Medical Air (Patient

Medical Gas 3.3.142) Medical Air is air that has been filtered and

dried. It is colorless, odorless, and has a low moisture content (dew point).

Medical Air is used for patient breathing when pure oxygen is not required. It can also used for operating anesthesia machines, and powering pneumatic respirators.

Air contains approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen

Medical Air purity must meet the requirements of United States Pharmacopeia (UPS) Standards

Medical Air is a prescribed drug

Nitrous Oxide (Patient

Medical Gas 3.3.142)Nitrous Oxide is colorless and has a slightly

sweet odor.Nitrous Oxide is mixed with Oxygen as an

anesthetic to alter the level of consciousness of the patient.

Nitrous Oxide itself is not flammable but, like oxygen, causes combustible materials to burn violently.

Nitrous Oxide purity must meet the requirements of United States Pharmacopeia (UPS) Standards

Nitrous Oxide is a prescribed drug

Nitrogen (Medical Support

Gas 3.3.109)

Nitrogen is the major component of air

(Nitrogen 79%, Oxygen 21%) and is colorless,

odorless, and non-toxic, but can be dangerous

in confined areas as it is an asphyxiant.

Nitrogen is used to run pneumatic tools such as

drills, bone saws or other orthopedic devices

used during surgery.

Nitrogen is supplied as a “Support Gas”

Instrument Air (Medical

Support Gas 3.3.109)

Instrument Air is intended as an alternative to

piped nitrogen.

Instrument Air is used to run pneumatic tools

such as drills, bone saws or other orthopedic

devices used during surgery.

Instrument Air is supplied as a “Support Gas”

Medical Vacuum (Medical-

Surgical Vacuum System

3.3.111) Medical Vacuum is used to suction

patient waste, bodily fluid or would

drainage.

All fluids are collected in a canister at the

wall inlet. No fluids are drawn into the

pipeline system.

Vacuum systems operated at vacuum

pressures deeper than 12” Hg

Waste Anesthetic Gas Disposal

(Waste Anesthetic Gas

Disposal (WAGD)3.3.183)

Formerly known as Trace Gas and Evacuation.

WAGD systems remove anesthetic gases being exhaled by the patient during surgery.

NFPA 99 requires a WAGD inlet anywhere that anesthesia is used.

Typically, WAGD systems operate similar to medical vacuum systems, but can be installed by other source types.

Carbon Dioxide (Patient

Medical Gas 3.3.142)

Carbon Dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas (although can cause tickle in nose when smelled).

Carbon Dioxide is administered during surgery for insufflation of the body cavity. It is readily absorbed by the body, thus ideal for such an application.

Carbon Dioxide is not used in patient respiration.

Source locationsMedical Gas Storage Locations

Nonflammable Gases (Any Quantity; In-Storage, Connected, or Both)

Sources of heat in storage locations shall be protected or located so that cylinders or compressed gases shall not be heated to the activation point of the integral safety devices. In no case shall the temperature of the cylinders exceed 130°F (54°C) (see exception for Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide).

Where the total volume of medical gases connected and in storage is greater than 3000 cu. Ft., a dedicated mechanical ventilation system shall be provided.

Where the total volume of medical gases connected and in storage is less than 3000 cu. Ft., natural ventilation is permitted, consisting of two louvered openings each having a minimum of 72 sq. in., with one being within 1 foot of the ceiling and one being 1 foot above the floor.

Nitrous Oxide and Carbon

Dioxide Supply Locations

(exceptions)

Source locations

(cont.)

Enclosures shall be constructed of an assembly of building materials with a fire resistive rating of at least 1 hour and shall not communicate directly with anesthetizing locations.

Flammable gases shall not be stored with oxidizing agents.

Storage of full or empty cylinders is permitted together.

Enclosures shall serve no other purpose.

Source locations

(cont.)Provisions shall be made for racks or

fastenings to protect individual cylinders from accidental damage or dislocation.

The electric installation in storage locations or manifold enclosures for nonflammable medical gases shall comply with the standards of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, for ordinary locations. Electric wall fixtures, switches, and receptacles shall be installed in fixed locations not less than 152 cm (5 ft.) above the floor as a precaution against their physical damage.

Source locations

(cont.)Storage locations for oxygen and

nitrous oxide shall be kept free of flammable

Cylinders containing compressed gases and containers for volatile liquids shall be kept away from radiators, steam piping, and like sources of heat.

Combustible materials, such as paper, cardboard, plastics, and fabrics shall not be stored or kept near supply system cylinders or manifolds containing oxygen or nitrous oxide. Racks for cylinder storage shall be permitted to be of wooden construction. Wrappers shall be removed prior to storage.

Source locations

(cont.)

When cylinder valve protection caps are supplied, they shall be secured tightly in place unless the cylinder is connected for use.

Containers shall not be stored in a tightly closed space such as a closet.

Locations for supply systems shall not be used for storage purposes other than for containers of nonflammable gases.

Typical Indoor Medical Gas Storage Location:• Only one Entry/Exit required• Cylinders (In Use and In Storage) are required to be chained (5.1.3.3.2(7))• Enclosure to be made of One Hour Fire Resistive Construction

(5.1.3.3.2(4))• Secured with lockable doors or gates (5.1.3.3.2(2))• Adequate space to allow the movement of cylinders in and out of the

enclosure (5.1.3.3.2(1))• Location cannot house motor driven equipment• Heating if required to be by indirect means (steam, hot water) (5.1.3.3.2(6)) • Racks, shelves, and supports, where provided, constructed of

noncombustible or limited-combustible construction (5.1.3.3.2(9))• Electrical devises protected from physical damage (5.1.3.3.2(10))• Ventilation to be natural ventilation (if total volume of gas stored is les than

3000 cu. Ft.), two louvers minimum 72 sq. in., one located within one foot of the floor, and one located one foot from the ceiling or Dedicated mechanical ventilation (if total volume stored is greater than 3000 cu. Ft.), fan to be designed for a minimum of 1 cfm per 5 cu. Ft. of liquid, minimum of 50 cfm, exhaust inlet shall be unobstructed and located one foot from the floor. (9.3.7)

The Ventilation Requirements are located in Chapter 9 of NFPA 99 - 2012

Typical Outdoor Medical Gas Storage Location:• Two Entry/Exit required

(5.1.3.3.2(3))• Cylinders (In Use and In Storage) are

required to be chained (5.1.3.3.2(7))• Enclosure (wall or fencing)

constructed of noncombustible materials (5.1.3.3.2(3))

• Secured with lockable doors or gates (5.1.3.3.2(2))

• Adequate space to allow the movement of cylinders in and out of the enclosure (5.1.3.3.2(1))

Bulk Supply SystemsOxygen supply systems or storage

locations having a total capacity of more than 20,000 ft3 (566 m3) (NTP), including unconnected reserves on hand at the site, shall comply with NFPA 50, Standard for Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites.

Nitrous oxide supply systems or storage locations having a total capacity of 3200 lb. (1452 kg) [28,000 ft3 (793 m3) (NTP)] or more, including unconnected reserves on hand at the site, shall comply with CGA Pamphlet G-8.1, Standard for the Installation of Nitrous Oxide Systems at Consumer Sites.

Emergency Oxygen Supply

Connection (EOSC)

In-Building Emergency

Reserve 5.1.3.5.14.1 In-building emergency reserves shall

not be used as substitute for the bulk gas reserves

that are required in 5.1.3.5.12.4

5.1.3.5.14.2 When a reserve is provided inside the

building as a substitute for the EOSC or for other

purposes, it shall be located in accordance with

5.1.3.3 as follows:

1) In a room or enclosure constructed per 5.1.3.3.2

2) In a room or enclosure ventilated per 5.1.3.3.3



consist of either of the following:

1) Gas cylinder header per 5.1.3.5.9 with sufficient

cylinder connections to provide for at least an

average day’s supply with the appropriate

number of connections being determined after

consideration of the delivery schedule, the

proximity of the facility to alternate supplies, and

the facility’s emergency plan.

2) Manifold for gas cylinders complying with 5.1.3.5.10



have a local signal that visibly indicates the

operating status of the equipment and an alarm

at all master alarms when or just before the reserve begins to serve the system.

Air and Vacuum

Systems

Air compressors and vacuum

pumps shall be located

separately from cylinder

patient gas systems or cylinder

storage enclosures. Air

compressors and vacuum

pumps shall be installed in a

designated mechanical

equipment area, adequately

ventilated and with required

services.

Valves

Source Valve

Main Valve

Riser Valve

Service Valve

In-line Valve

Zone Valve

Source Valve A shutoff valve shall be placed at the

immediate outlet of the source of supply

to permit the entire source of supply,

including all accessory devices, to be

isolated from the piping system.

Main Valve The main supply line shall be provided with a

shutoff valve.

The main supply valve shall be located downstream of the source valve and outside of the source room, enclosure, or where the main line first enters the building.

The main line valve shall not be required where the source valve is accessible from within the building.

Riser Valve

Each riser supplied from the main line shall

be provided with a shutoff valve adjacent

to the riser connection.

Service Valves

Service shutoff valves shall be placed

where the lateral branches off of the riser,

prior to any zone valve box assembly on

that branch.

Zone Valve Station outlets shall not be supplied

directly from a riser unless a manual shutoff valve located in the same story is installed between the riser and the outlet with a wall intervening between the valve and the outlet.

This valve shall be readily operable from a standing position in the corridor on the same floor it serves.

Shutoff Valve Requirements

New or replacement pipeline shutoff

valves shall be of a quarter-turn ball type

manufactured with extensions for brazing,

and with an indicating handle and shall

be of metallic construction.

Valves shall be the three-piece type with

full-size ports.

Mistakes Happen!

The following slides show mistake found in

the field.

In 1972, in Sudbury, Ontario, an oxygen and

nitrous oxide line were cross connected

during installation. 22 people died by

asphyxiation resulting from this error.

This incident caused codes to be changed,

requiring third party testing of all new

installations.

Faulty medical gas installation

leads to infant death, full inquiries

underway into Australian tragedy One baby has died and the second is in a critical condition after the newborn

infants were given nitrous oxide (NOx) instead of oxygen (O2) at a hospital in Sydney,

Australia.

The wrong gas was dispensed through a neonatal resuscitation outlet at the

Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital in New South Wales (NSW), which was “incorrectly”

installed and certified by BOC Limited in July 2015.

The fatal error was discovered on 21st July 2016 after a paediatrician raised concerns

about the unexpected death of the newborn. Testing of the gas outlets then found

an O2 outlet in the theatre was emitting NOx instead.

Since the discovery, NSW Government’s Minister for Health Jillian Skinner confirmed

that the faulty neonatal unit at Bankstown-Lidcombe remains closed. She also

stated that the other seven operating theatres in the hospital were inspected but

were found to be functioning normally.

The death has been referred to the coroner.

In a statement, BOC Australia, a member of Tier One player The Linde Group,

expressed, “BOC is extremely saddened of the tragic death of a newborn and the

injury of another at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital over the past few weeks. We

deeply regret that these families are suffering pain and sorrow.”

Faulty medical gas installation

leads to infant death, full inquiries

underway into Australian tragedy “As soon as BOC was notified of the situation we cooperated fully with all

investigations being undertaken by the NSW Government – the Hospital, the NSW

Coroner, and the Ministry of Health teams. It is extremely important to identify the

exact cause of this tragedy.”

BOC underlined that it is conducting a full internal inquiry and has appointed a

dedicated investigation team to clearly identify the root cause of the issue. The

company also stated that it will work with the Ministry of Health throughout the

investigations.

South Western Sydney Local Health District is also conducting a formal investigation

to determine if staff at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital followed protocols which

could have detected the installation error last year.

Cross Connection causes severe injury:

On March 30, High School student went to the dental office to have his wisdom teeth removed. After being

sedated with medical gas, complications occurred. The student was taken to a Hospital after he stopped

breathing, and later was taken to a University Hospital.

Building inspection leaders confirmed that they have no record of whether a required third-party inspection

of the medical gas system was ever conducted at the dental surgery center. The International Plumbing Code

adopted by the city requires a certified inspector — often a privately owned inspection company — to test the

medical gas system.

But the city’s director of planning and development services said he believes the law does not require the city

to ensure that the test actually has been done.

Instead, that responsibility is left solely in the hands of private builders and contractors.

“Events like this highlight the importance of contractors knowing and understanding the code and fulfilling

its own requirements,” said the city’s director of planning and development services.

An attorney for the company that installed the system — said he did not know whether a third-party

inspection had been done on the medical gas system. A representative for the general contractor —declined to

comment.

The dentist did not receive a certificate of inspection from the contractors, and was unaware that he was

supposed to receive a certificate showing the system had been tested.

Cross Connection Found in

Operating Room

Oxygen Tank installation

mishap

Medical Air System found

with 95psi system pressure

Zone Valve located behind

door

Oxygen

Tank on its

side

Questions?

Medical Gas Systems - WSSHE - Washington State Society...

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