Medical Entomology Cockroach Biology and Control.
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Transcript of Medical Entomology Cockroach Biology and Control.
Medical EntomologyMedical Entomology
Cockroach Cockroach Biology and Biology and ControlControl
Relate the biology of cockroaches to the Relate the biology of cockroaches to the appropriate control measuresappropriate control measures
ObjectiveObjectiveهدفهدف
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Life CycleLife Cycle
HabitsHabits
SurveillanceSurveillance
Control MeasuresControl Measures
OverviewOverviewمرورمرور
DistributionDistribution
Very successful groupVery successful groupVirtually unchanged in 400 million yearsVirtually unchanged in 400 million years
4,000 species worldwide 4,000 species worldwide Most are tropicalMost are tropical30 species are associated with human 30 species are associated with human habitations habitations Four species are well known as pests Four species are well known as pests
Can be indirectly transported from one Can be indirectly transported from one location to anotherlocation to another
DescriptionDescription
General description :General description :
Oval body shapeOval body shape
Head hidden from aboveHead hidden from above
Long antennaeLong antennae
Running legsRunning legs
May or may not have wingsMay or may not have wings
General Biology General Biology and Life Cycleand Life Cycle
Gradual metamorphosisGradual metamorphosisEggEggNymphNymphAdultAdult
Number of eggs varies based on species and Number of eggs varies based on species and environmentenvironmentLife span of 6 months to 2 yearsLife span of 6 months to 2 years
HabitatHabitat
Dark, warm, humid placesDark, warm, humid places
Cracks and other sheltered placesCracks and other sheltered places
NocturnalNocturnal
Food SourcesFood Sources
Omnivorous (eats almost anything)Omnivorous (eats almost anything)
Starches and sweetsStarches and sweets
Animal and vegetable productsAnimal and vegetable products
Book bindings, wall paper, etc.Book bindings, wall paper, etc.
Human ear wax, toenails, etc.Human ear wax, toenails, etc.
Medical ImportanceMedical Importance
Mechanical disease vector…spreads disease Mechanical disease vector…spreads disease by contact with food or food surfacesby contact with food or food surfaces
Produce allergens from cast skins and fecesProduce allergens from cast skins and feces
Cockroach SurveillanceCockroach Surveillance
Biggest reason for surveillance is to determine the Biggest reason for surveillance is to determine the need for control need for control
Preventive medicine personnel respond to complaints Preventive medicine personnel respond to complaints about cockroachesabout cockroaches
Preventive medicine personnel also observe for signs Preventive medicine personnel also observe for signs of cockroaches during routine inspections of the of cockroaches during routine inspections of the DFAC, barracks, etc.DFAC, barracks, etc.
Cockroach SurveillanceCockroach Surveillance
Cockroach feces are a sign of infestationCockroach feces are a sign of infestation
Cockroach SurveillanceCockroach Surveillance
You should check food preparation areas at You should check food preparation areas at least quarterlyleast quarterlyIn reality, you will likely do a sticky trap In reality, you will likely do a sticky trap surveillance only when your routine inspections surveillance only when your routine inspections suggest a problemsuggest a problemIf cockroaches are found, check sanitationIf cockroaches are found, check sanitationApply pesticide only as a last choiceApply pesticide only as a last choice
Night SurveillanceNight Surveillance
Night surveillance of facilitiesNight surveillance of facilities
Perform 30 minutes to 1 hour after a facility closesPerform 30 minutes to 1 hour after a facility closes
Use yellow filter on your flashlightUse yellow filter on your flashlight
Sticky Trap SurveillanceSticky Trap Surveillance
Sticky trapsSticky traps
Practical and effective; best overall methodPractical and effective; best overall method
Great for surveying many facilities at onceGreat for surveying many facilities at once
Sticky TrapsSticky Traps
Set traps around food, in potential harborage, Set traps around food, in potential harborage, watering areaswatering areas
Use enough trapsUse enough traps
At least 10 in a dining facilityAt least 10 in a dining facility
Sticky TrapsSticky Traps
Put traps out 2-4 days after application of Put traps out 2-4 days after application of pesticidepesticide
Leave out for 2-4 daysLeave out for 2-4 days
Replace new traps in exact same spotReplace new traps in exact same spot
Cockroach Surveillance Cockroach Surveillance Thresholds Thresholds
Two to 8 cockroaches / trap / night: potential Two to 8 cockroaches / trap / night: potential problem; insecticide spot treat until trap index goes problem; insecticide spot treat until trap index goes downdown
Over 8 cockroaches / trap / night: serious problem; Over 8 cockroaches / trap / night: serious problem; check sanitation, use wide area treatment with check sanitation, use wide area treatment with insecticideinsecticide
Also, if nymphs of all sizes and adults are observed, Also, if nymphs of all sizes and adults are observed, likely indicates serious problem; check sanitation, use likely indicates serious problem; check sanitation, use wide area treatment with insecticidewide area treatment with insecticide
Cockroach Surveillance Cockroach Surveillance Thresholds Thresholds
High populations may indicate:High populations may indicate:
Poor facility sanitationPoor facility sanitation
Possible insecticide resistancePossible insecticide resistance
Integrated Pest Integrated Pest Management Management (IPM)(IPM)
A combination of control techniques to prevent, A combination of control techniques to prevent, eliminate, or suppress pests eliminate, or suppress pests
The objective of IPM is to reduce the reliance on The objective of IPM is to reduce the reliance on pesticides and keep their use to a minimumpesticides and keep their use to a minimum
IPMIPM
Sanitation is most importantSanitation is most important
Exclusion of pestsExclusion of pests
Harborage eliminationHarborage elimination
Chemical controlChemical control
IPM - SanitationIPM - Sanitation
Environmental SanitationEnvironmental Sanitation is the is the keykey to cockroach control to cockroach control
Eliminate Sources Of FoodEliminate Sources Of Food: Clean up spilled items & : Clean up spilled items & crumbs, remove food wastes and garbage, seal food crumbs, remove food wastes and garbage, seal food containers, wash dishes, remove grease build-up on walls containers, wash dishes, remove grease build-up on walls and equipment and equipment
Eliminate Sources Of WaterEliminate Sources Of Water: They must have : They must have waterwater… … single most important factor for survival; wipe up spilled single most important factor for survival; wipe up spilled liquids, fix plumbing, seal leaksliquids, fix plumbing, seal leaks
IPM - ExclusionIPM - Exclusion
ExclusionExclusion: Keep them out of the building; deny access to : Keep them out of the building; deny access to rooms; prevent entry into kitchensrooms; prevent entry into kitchens
Keep doors and windows closedKeep doors and windows closed
Fix screens / weather stripping on doors / windowsFix screens / weather stripping on doors / windows
Caulk cracks and crevices to deny accessCaulk cracks and crevices to deny access
Use mesh screening for floor drainsUse mesh screening for floor drains
IPM - Harborage EliminationIPM - Harborage Elimination
Harborage EliminationHarborage Elimination: Take away their hiding places and : Take away their hiding places and living quartersliving quarters
Pick up clutterPick up clutter: Bags, boxes, paper, etc.: Bags, boxes, paper, etc.
Clutter is harborage and also helps cockroaches avoid Clutter is harborage and also helps cockroaches avoid insecticidesinsecticides
Caulk and seal cracks and crevicesCaulk and seal cracks and crevices
Denies them a place to hide and waitDenies them a place to hide and wait
IPM – Chemical ControlIPM – Chemical Control
Chemical Control (insecticides)Chemical Control (insecticides)::
Excellent quick knockdownExcellent quick knockdown
Use sanitation, exclusion, and harborage elimination firstUse sanitation, exclusion, and harborage elimination first
Chemical control is always a last choiceChemical control is always a last choice
Pesticide UsePesticide Use
Use of chemicals should be a last choice Use of chemicals should be a last choice
If you use chemicals:If you use chemicals:
Use correct chemicalsUse correct chemicals
Apply correctlyApply correctly
In a kitchen, remove food and cover In a kitchen, remove food and cover countertops, then sanitize countertops before countertops, then sanitize countertops before food service food service
SummarySummary
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Life CycleLife Cycle
HabitsHabits
SurveillanceSurveillance
Control MeasuresControl Measures
Questions?Questions?
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