Medical Entomology Annual Report 2011/12 · 2019-04-04 · 2 INTRODUCTION TO 2011 – 2012 ANNUAL...

Medical Entomology Annual Report

2011/12

Medical Entomology

Centre for Disease Control

Department of Health

Northern Territory Government

November 2012

1 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

1.1 GOAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY To reduce the impact of insects and other arthropods of medical importance on the health of the people of the Northern Territory.

1.2 VISION OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY Every major urban area in the Northern Territory located in an environment that is planned, modified or controlled so that residents are not subjected to pest levels of biting insects and are free from the risks of both exotic or endemic mosquito borne disease.

1.3 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY SERVICES Services provided by Medical Entomology (ME) aim to reduce the impact of biting insects on the people of the Northern Territory (NT). These include the prevention of the re-introduction of malaria, the prevention of the introduction of exotic mosquito vectors of dengue, insecticide and engineering programs for mosquito control, mosquito surveillance programs in the major towns, guidelines and advice on biting insects for both large and small scale developments, a public inquiry service, a public awareness program, and incidental research on biting insects and mosquito borne viruses.

Major clients are the general public, but significant clients include local government, the Department for Planning and Infrastructure (DPI), the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPIF), the Northern Territory Parks and Wildlife Service (PWSNT), the Commonwealth, Department of Defence, consultants and developers for development and planning advice, and environmental health officers.

Intersectoral affiliations include: a major involvement with the Darwin City Council in a combined mosquito engineering program in Darwin, with a $311,814 budget this year for maintaining drains and rectifying urban or near urban mosquito breeding sites; the PWSNT in rectifying mosquito breeding sites and carrying out mosquito control in the Casuarina Coastal Reserve and the George Brown Botanic Gardens, and local government and Environmental Health Officers in the various towns throughout the NT on mosquito surveillance and mosquito control.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

1. Prevent the re-establishment of malaria by entomologically investigating and appropriately responding to each case of imported malaria in the NT. Eliminate sources of malaria vectors near urban Darwin by engineering means.

2. Prevent the introduction of exotic dengue vector mosquitoes from overseas and Queensland by providing appropriate advice and assistance to DAFF Biosecurity (former AQIS) authorities, active surveillance using special egg traps, regular surveys for larvae at vulnerable geographic points of introduction, reduction of potential breeding places by landowner liaison and media advertising, and eradication procedures after detection of importation.

3. Carry out surveillance and control of mosquitoes in all major towns and mine developments by organising and assisting with regular mosquito trapping and providing advice and assistance with control operations, under the NT Mosquito Borne Disease Control program and a User Pays Scheme.

4. Carry out mosquito surveys throughout the NT, including remote communities, to determine the distribution and relative abundance of mosquitoes in order to enable the assessment of the risk of mosquito borne disease.

5. Carry out extensive and intensive mosquito larval control operations in Darwin

using a helicopter applied insecticide program in the coastal swamps.

6. Organise and assist the Darwin City Council and the PWSNT with engineering

programs in and adjacent to urban areas, under the combined Mosquito Engineering Control Program.

7. Carry out surveillance of flaviviruses causing human disease by: maintaining a sentinel chicken surveillance program with the assistance of DPIF and volunteers, the investigation of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease, and the collection and processing of mosquitoes for arbovirus isolation.

8. Provide planning and development advice and guidelines to DLP and others to prevent new biting insect problems for various minor and major development projects.

9. Promote public awareness on biting insects and arthropod borne disease by regular public communication, a public reference service, preparation of public information sheets, an internet site for advice and high quality information pamphlets and publications.

10. Assist students and other bodies in basic research on biting insects and other arthropods of medical importance.

11. Carry out incidental and applied research both independently or in cooperation with other researchers on biting insects in the NT to establish improved methods for the avoidance, reduction or control of insects of public health importance.

12. Build and maintain a reference collection of mosquitoes, biting midges and other arthropods of medical importance in the NT.

13. Provide opportunities for staff development by in-service and external training, so that they are better able to deliver services.

1.5 PERFORMANCE FOR 2011 – 2012

There was a detection of the exotic dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti in January 2012 using surveillance traps in the Darwin port area. This was quickly detected and eliminated by the joint Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) Biosecurity group and Medical Entomology. The Northern Territory remains one of the very few tropical regions of the world that is free from exotic dengue mosquitoes.

There were 222 laboratory identified cases of Ross River virus (RRV) in the NT this year compared to 262 last year. Of this number, there were 173 RRV cases in the Darwin region compared to 190 last year. There were also 52 cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease in NT, compared with last year’s total of 62 cases. No cases of mosquito borne Murray Valley encephalitis or Kunjin virus disease were recorded in the NT this year.

The high spring tides between September to November, and the heavy and regular rains starting in October, required numerous extensive aerial salt marsh mosquito survey and control operations in Leanyer, Holmes Jungle, Micket and Shoal Bay swamps adjacent to northern Darwin suburbs. These operations were highly successful and kept mosquito numbers at very low levels compared to previous years. In 2011/12 Medical Entomology sprayed 2032 hectares by helicopter over these swamps compared to 1080 ha in 2009/10 and 2123 ha in 2010/11. The average number of mosquitoes trapped per week in the 11 continuous carbon dioxide traps in Darwin was 214 compared to 353 last year, demonstrating that mosquito numbers were kept well down this year.

One of the most important ongoing issues is the lack of a comprehensive mosquito survey and control operation for Palmerston and the rural area. This is becoming increasingly relevant as the population of Palmerston increases and more people are placed close to uncontrolled mosquito breeding sites. This problem will need resolution by the managers of Crown Land, the Palmerston City Council, the Litchfield Shire Council and DoH.

In the 2011/12 season, MVEV activity was only detected in the Katherine region, with seroconversions in Katherine in January and in Nathan River in January and February 2012 (Table). The sentinel chickens showed KUNV activity in the Katherine region (Nathan River) in January and in Nhulunbuy in April 2012. Preliminary results from the new experimental mosquito honey card arbovirus surveillance system trial carried out between February and June 2012 in the Darwin area, in collaboration with Queensland Health, James Cook University and the Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, showed there was additional KUN activity in the Darwin region in February and March. This new system is thus more sensitive than sentinel chickens and is envisaged to replace the current NT sentinel chicken program in at least some locations in the future.

There were 16 cases of imported malaria into the NT. None of the cases posed a risk of local Anopheles mosquitoes becoming infected. Thus, no precautionary fogging operations were required around these cases this year.

ME issued a total of 15 biting insect related press releases, including warnings for

MVEV, KUNV, RRV and dengue disease risks, high numbers of pest biting midges and dengue mosquito related activities in Tennant Creek, with most of the warnings receiving cover in the NT News and in radio messages and interviews In addition, ME published nine scientific papers, three of which were part of the ARC Linkage Project.

The dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti, was discovered in Tennant Creek in November 2011. Medical Entomology immediately started a coordinated and intensive program to eliminate this incursion. The program plan includes a media program to encourage public cooperation and a property by property survey and treatment of all receptacles. The 18-month program involves two components, with one centred on Tennant Creek town, and the other focusing on nearby towns and communities to determine if this mosquito has spread. By March 2012 the percentage of properties positive for Ae. aegypti in Tennant Creek was reduced from an initial 13% to around 2%.

In May 2011, an unknown mosquito was collected in a routine Darwin adult monitoring trap set near Marrara swamp and was tentatively identified as Culex cornutus. In April 2012, additional specimens were collected at Mt. Todd. Genetic analyses showed that this species is currently unknown but is most closely related to the endemic Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus. More surveys to collect larvae of this species for taxonomic purposes were carried out at Mt Todd in 2012 but were unsuccessful. Further investigations will be carried out in 2013 to verify the Culex species present, and to determine its origin.

The combined DCC/DoH mosquito engineering program in Darwin carried out

major clearing and excavation of drains in Leanyer Swamp, Rapid Creek, Marrara, Coconut Grove, Ludmilla, Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, East Point, Mindil Beach, The Gardens, Bayview Haven and Frances Bay. Other major works included concrete drain upgrades at Lake Alexander and Vestey’s Lake.

2 INTRODUCTION TO 2011 – 2012 ANNUAL REPORT

The Medical Entomology Annual Report 2011/12 is intended to present an overall picture of DoH mosquito surveillance and control activities carried out in the Northern Territory in 2011/12.

The Medical Entomology Annual Report 2011/12 is also available electronically on the DoH internet site:

http://www.health.nt.gov.au/Medical_Entomology/index.aspx

CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW 1 1.1 GOAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 1 1.2 VISION OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 1 1.3 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY SERVICES 1 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2 1.5 PERFORMANCE FOR 2011 – 2012 4

2 INTRODUCTION TO 2011 – 2012 ANNUAL REPORT 6

3 EXOTIC VECTOR SURVEILLANCE 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program 15 3.2.1 Darwin City and Outer Darwin 16 3.2.2 Darwin Rural and Palmerston 17 3.2.3 Groote Eylandt - Alyangula 17 3.2.4 Nhulunbuy 18 3.2.5 Katherine 18 3.2.6 Tennant Creek 18 3.2.7 Alice Springs 18 3.3 DAFF BIOSECURITY Adult Mosquito Trapping Program 19 3.3.1 Darwin 19 3.4 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions 19 3.5 Receptacle Breeding Surveys 20

4 EXOTIC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROGRAM 21 4.1 Detection of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek 21 4.2 Initial control program 22 4.3 Establishment and activities of Ae. aegypti elimination project 23 4.4 Project continuation 23 5 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN

TERRITORY 24 5.1 Darwin 24 5.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 24 5.1.2 Vectors & Disease case data 27 5.1.3 Routine Ground Larval Mosquito Control Program Darwin 28 5.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program 30 5.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program 31 5.1.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 31 5.2 Ranger Mine 33 5.2.1 Monitoring program 33 5.3 McArthur River Mine 34 5.4 Groote Eylandt 34

5.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Groote Eylandt 34 5.4.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 34 5.4.3 Vector & Disease case data 36 5.4.4 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 37 5.5 Nhulunbuy 37 5.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy 37 5.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 37 5.5.3 Trapping sites 39 5.5.4 Larval survey and control program 40 5.5.5 Vector & Disease case data 41 5.5.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 41 5.6 Katherine 42 5.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine 42 5.6.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 42 5.6.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 43 5.6.4 Vector & Disease case data 44 5.6.5 Visits or surveys by ME 44 5.6.6 Engineering measures 44 5.6.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 44 5.7 Tennant Creek 45 5.7.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek 45 5.7.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 45 5.7.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 45 5.7.4 Vector & Disease case data 45 5.7.5 Visits or surveys by ME 46 5.7.6 Engineering measures 46 5.7.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 47 5.7.8 Work carried out in other Barkley communities 47 5.8 Alice Springs 48 5.8.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs 48 5.8.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 48 5.8.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 49 5.8.4 Vector & Disease case data 50 5.8.5 Visits or surveys by ME 50 5.8.6 Engineering measures 50 5.8.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 50 6 MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NORTHERN

TERRITORY 51 6.1 Ross River virus disease 51 6.2 Barmah Forest virus disease 52 6.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease 53 6.4 Kunjin virus disease 53

7 ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH 53

7.1 Sentinel Chicken Program 53 7.2 Virus Isolation Program 54

8 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE 55 8.1 Case data 55 9 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS 55 9.1 Development comments 55 9.2 Development investigations 56 9.2.1 Mount Todd Gold Mine 56 9.2.2 Roper Bar Iron Ore Mine 57 9.2.3 Karama North 57 9.2.4 Weddell 57

10 MOSQUITO FIELD SURVEYS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY 58

11 MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING 58 11.1 Mosquito awareness campaign 58 11.2 ME training 58

12 PUBLIC ENQUIRIES 58

13 COMMITTEES AND ADVISORY GROUPS 59 13.1 National Arbovirus Advisory Committee 59 13.2 North Australian Health Ministers Vector Working Group 59 13.3 Technical Advisory Group – Aedes albopictus Eradication Program Torres

Strait 60

14 PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS 60

15 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS 60

16 DATA MANAGEMENT 61 16.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System 61 16.2 Geographic Information Systems 61

17 STAFF MATTERS 61

18 REFERENCES 62

19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 62

FIGURES 1 – 23

Fig. 1. Darwin Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program. Location Of Weekly Adult Mosquito CO2 Baited Trap Sites.

Fig. 2. Darwin Urban Ovitrap Monitoring Program. Location Of Ovitrap Sites And Sentinel Chicken Sites.

Fig. 2. Darwin Rural Ovitrap Monitoring Program. Location of Ovitrap Sites And Sentinel Chicken Sites.

Fig. 4. Alyangula Adult Mosquito Monitoring CO2 Trap Site, Sentinel Chicken And Ovitrap Locations.

Fig. 5. Angurugu Adult Mosquito Monitoring CO2 Trap Site And Ovitrap Locations .

Fig. 6. Nhulunbuy Adult Mosquito Monitoring CO2 Trap Sites, Ovitrap Locations And Sentinel Chicken Locations.

Fig. 7. Katherine Adult Mosquito Monitoring CO2 Trap Sites, Sentinel Chicken And Ovitrap Locations.

Fig. 8. Tennant Creek Adult Mosquito Monitoring CO2 Trap Sites, Ovitrap And Larval Sites And Sentinel Chicken Flock Locations.

Fig. 9. Alice Springs Adult Mosquito Monitoring CO2 Trap Sites, Sentinel Chicken And Ovitrap Locations.

Fig. 10. DAFF Biosecurity Darwin Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program.

Fig. 11. Aedes aegypti Ovitrap Surveillance Program – Darwin City And Outer Darwin 2011/12. Total Number Of Larvae In All 34 Trap Sites; Rainfall At Darwin Airport.

Fig. 12. Aedes aegypti Ovitrap Surveillance Program – Darwin Rural And Palmerston 2011/12. Total Number Of Larvae In All Thirteen Trap Sites; Rainfall At Darwin Airport.

Fig. 13. Mosquito Monitoring Program Darwin. Average Number Of Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes vigilax, Culex annulirostris Group, And All Species Trapped Per Trap Night Per Year For The Eleven Continuous Monitoring Sites And Annual Rainfall In Darwin – 1983/84 To 2011/12.

Fig. 14. Mosquito Monitoring Program Darwin. Average Number Of All Female Mosquitoes Per Trap Night Caught Using Weekly CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps At The Eleven Continuous Monitoring Sites, 2007/08 To 2011/12.

Fig. 15. Monthly Rainfall And Monthly Ross River virus Disease Cases For Towns of The Northern Territory From July 1996 – June 2012. RRV Disease Cases From CDC, Darwin. Rainfall Data From Bureau Of Meteorology.

Fig. 16. Monthly Rainfall And Monthly Average Number Of Cx. Annulirostris Grp. (Average Per Trap Night, CO2 Baited Traps) For Towns Of The Northern Territory From July 1996 – June 2012. Rainfall Data From Bureau Of Meteorology.

Fig. 17. Darwin. Total Monthly Rainfall In Relation To Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris Grp. & Ve. funerea July 1991 To June 2012.

Fig. 17A. Darwin. Total Monthly Rainfall In Relation To Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris Grp. & Ve. funerea July 2011 To June 2012.

Fig. 18. Darwin. Monthly RRV Disease Cases In Relation To Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris & Ve. funerea July 1991 To June 2012.

Fig. 19. Aerial Applied Mosquito Larval Control Program Major Mosquito Breeding Areas – Darwin.

Fig. 20. Ross River virus Disease Cases In The NT. Laboratory Confirmed Cases From CDC (By Month Of Report) 1998/99 To 2011/12.

Fig. 21. Location Of Sentinel Chicken Flocks In The NT.

Fig. 22. Northern Territory Rainfall Deciles 1 July 2011 To 30 June 2012.

Fig. 23. Northern Territory Rainfall Totals (MM) 1 July 2011 To 30 June 2012.

Tables 1 - 40

Table 1. Aedes aegypti Ovitrap Surveillance Program - Darwin City And Outer Darwin. July 2011 - June 2012.

Table 2. Aedes aegypti Ovitrap Surveillance Program – Darwin Rural And Palmerston. July 2011 – June 2012.

Table 3. Adult Mosquito Species List Darwin.

Table 4. Mosquito Monitoring Program Darwin July 2011 To June 2012. Total Numbers Of Nine Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In Eleven Continuous Weekly CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps.

Table 5. Mosquito Monitoring Program Darwin July 2011 To June 2012. Total Number Of Nine Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All 21 Weekly CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps.

Table 6. Mosquito Monitoring Program Darwin. Average Numbers Of Nine Selected Species Caught In The Eleven Continuous Weekly CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps For The Financial Years 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 7. Ross River virus Disease Cases In The NT Laboratory Confirmed Cases Notified From CDC (By Region Per Month) July 2011 To June 2012.

Table 8. Barmah Forest virus Disease Cases In The NT Laboratory Confirmed Cases Notified From CDC (By Region Per Month) July 2011 To June 2012.

Table 9. Ross River virus Disease Cases In The NT. Laboratory Confirmed Cases Notified From CDC (By Region) 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 10. Barmah Forest virus Disease Cases In The NT. Laboratory Confirmed Cases Notified From CDC (By Region) 1991/92 To 2011/12.

Table 11. Location And Month Of Onset Of Cases Of MVE Or KUN 1974 – 2012 Acquired In The NT.

Table 12. Arbovirus Risk Periods In The Northern Territory.

Table 13. Combined DoH And DPIF NT Sentinel Chicken Flavi Virus Surveillance. Progressive Results Of Number Of New Seroconversions In Month Of Bleeding 2011/12.

Table 14. Combined DoH And DPIF NT Sentinel Chicken Flavivirus Surveillance. Summary Of New Seroconversions By Month Jul 1992 – Jun 2012.

Table 15. Combined DoH And DPIF NT Sentinel Chicken Flavivirus Surveillance. New Seroconversions In Month Of Bleeding By Year Jul 1992 – Jun 2012.

Table 16. Adult Mosquito Species List Gove Peninsular.

Table 17. Mosquito Monitoring Program Nhulunbuy. Numbers Of Selected Species Of female Mosquitoes Caught In The Six Weekly Co2 Baited

Mosquito Traps 1 July 2011 To 30 June 2012.

Table 18. Mosquito Monitoring Program Nhulunbuy. Average Numbers Of Selected Species Caught In The Five Continuous Weekly CO2 Baited

Mosquito Traps For Financial Years 1994/95 To 2011/12.

Table 19. Mosquito Monitoring Program Nhulunbuy. Total Numbers Of Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All Co2 Baited

Mosquito Traps 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 20. Adult Mosquito Species List Groote Eylandt.

Table 21 . Mosquito Monitoring Program Alyangula. Total Numbers Of Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All CO2 Baited


Table 22. Mosquito Monitoring Program Alyangula. Average Numbers Of Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In The CO2 Baited


Table 23. Mosquito Monitoring Program Alyangula. Total Number Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps 1 July 1995 To 30 June 2012.

Table 24. Adult Mosquito Species List Katherine Town.

Table 25. Mosquito Monitoring Program Katherine. Total Numbers Of Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In The Five CO2 Baited


Table 26. Mosquito Monitoring Program Katherine. Average Number Of Selected Species Caught In The 3 Weekly CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps

For Financial Years 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 27. Mosquito Monitoring Program Katherine. Total Numbers Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All CO2 Baited Mosquito Traps For

Financial Years 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 28. Adult Mosquito Species List Tennant Creek.

Table 29. Mosquito Monitoring Program Tennant Creek. Total Number Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All Weekly CO2 Baited Traps For Financial Years 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 30. Mosquito Monitoring Program Tennant Creek. Average Number Of Selected Species Caught In The 3 Weekly CO2 Baited Traps For

Financial Years 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 31. Adult Mosquito Species List Alice Springs.

Table 32. Mosquito Monitoring Program Alice Springs. Total Number Of Selected Species Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All Weekly CO2

Baited Traps 1 July 2011 To 30 June 2012.

Table 33. Mosquito Monitoring Program Alice Springs. Average Number Of Selected Species Caught In The Continuous Weekly CO2 Baited


Table 34. Mosquito Monitoring Program Alice Springs. Total Number Of Selected Species Caught In All Weekly CO2 Baited Traps For Financial

Years 1990/91 To 2011/12.

Table 35. DAFF Biosecurity Exotic Mosquito Monitoring Program - Darwin. 1July 2011 To 30 June 2012. Total Number Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All CO2 Baited EVS Traps.

Table 36. DAFF Biosecurity Exotic Mosquito Monitoring Program - Darwin. 1July 2011 To 30 June 2012. Total Number Of Female Mosquitoes Caught In All CO2 Baited Biogents Sentinel MosquitoTraps.

Table 37. Malaria Notifications In The Northern Territory 1 July 2011 To 30 June 2012.

Table 38. Interception Of Exotic Mosquitoes in Northern Territory Seaports July 2000 - June 2012.

Table 39. Medical Entomology Survey And Travel July 2011 To June 2012.

Table 40. Medical Entomology Publications 2011/12.

3 EXOTIC VECTOR SURVEILLANCE

3.1 Introduction The most frequently intercepted exotic mosquitoes in the NT are the dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and the Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus. These dengue and chikungunya vectors can be transported as eggs or larvae in actual or previously water-filled receptacles on ships and cargo arriving from foreign ports, or as desiccant resistant eggs on receptacles relocated from areas in north Queensland (Qld) where they are either (Ae. aegypti) with the former, or recently established in the Torres Strait (Ae. albopictus).

There have been three instances since the late 1950’s where the exotic mosquito Ae. aegypti was found as established populations in the NT. Two of these establishments were discovered through surveillance detections in Tennant Creek in 2004 (through the adult mosquito surveillance program) and in Alyangula in 2006 (through the ovitrap surveillance program). In both instances, the populations were eliminated after two year programs by DoH with funding assistance from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. In 2011/12, Ae. aegypti was again found in Tennant Creek, and an Ae. aegypti elimination project is currently underway to ensure the NT remains free of this dengue vector.

At present, local and only periodic transmission of dengue in Australia is restricted to Qld where Ae. aegypti occurs. Transmission occurs when the viruses are introduced by infected overseas travellers. Aedes aegypti is geographically widespread in north and outback Qld, but the NT remains dengue vector free except where the elimination project is under way in Tennant Creek.

The NT has an appreciable public health and economic benefit by preventing the dengue vectors and other exotic vectors of disease from becoming established. ME has routine exotic mosquito monitoring and exclusion programs around all major towns and entry points to prevent the introduction or establishment of dengue vectors, and conducts periodic surveys of other towns and localities to ensure the NT remains dengue vector free.

3.2 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program The exotic Aedes ovitrap (egg trap) surveillance program is a continual routine program used to detect any importations of exotic Aedes mosquito species into the NT, and thus allows timely control or elimination measures. In 2011/12 there were 34 ovitraps in the Darwin area (Table 1, Fig. 2) and 13 ovitraps in the Palmerston and rural areas (Table 2, Fig. 3) that are collected, inspected, and re-set fortnightly. The regional ovitrap programs in Alyangula, Tennant Creek, Katherine and Alice Springs are also inspected and re-set fortnightly. The Darwin ovitraps are set and retrieved by ME, while the ovitraps in the regional centres are set and retrieved by Environmental Health Officers (EHO), local land corporations or mine site personnel.

Ovitraps in Darwin are located in most suburbs and in various rural residential areas. They are also set adjacent to vulnerable entry points for either exotic mosquito incursions from overseas or Qld. Vulnerable entry points include port areas, interstate trucking yards, removalist companies, caravan parks, tyre yards and plant nurseries.

Ovitrap paddles from all regions except Darwin are received by ME, along with any preserved larvae found in the traps. The eggs on the paddles are hatched in the ME laboratory and all subsequent larvae are reared to fourth instars for identification to species level. Often when the endemic species Ae. katherinensis is suspected to be present, the larvae are reared through to the adult stage for identification confirjmation, as Ae. albopictus is very similar to Ae. katherinensis in the larval stage.

The number of mosquito eggs laid on ovitrap paddles is generally dependant on the abundance of the adult (female) population, and in turn can relate to the productivity, number, and proximity of suitable breeding sites where the ovitrap is located. The seasonal pattern of larval numbers (eggs laid) from ovitraps is also dependant on the extent and frequency of rainfall in the wet season or the artificial filling of receptacles during the dry season due to garden irrigation.

The ovitrap programs undergo a continual reassessment throughout the year to increase the efficiency of the program. Ovitrap site placements are adjusted according to changed conditions and risk levels, such as loss of overhead vegetation cover, changes in property ownership, access issues, the arrival of risk cargo imported from locations where the target mosquitoes are prevalent, and when there are detections of adult mosquitoes from Quarantine collections.

Given that the exotic disease vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus can potentially utilise the same breeding habitats as the endemic Aedes species, the recovery of endemic receptacle breeding Aedes in vulnerable locations, such as the port areas, are an indicator of available breeding sites for exotic Aedes. The recovery of appreciable numbers of endemic Aedes species in the ovitraps are an indication that ongoing awareness campaigns aimed at household and commercial premises with regards to receptacle-breeding mosquitoes need to continue.

3.2.1 Darwin City and Outer Darwin

In Darwin, of all ovitraps sampled (845), 34.62% (284) were positive for mosquito larvae (Table 1). This percentage of positive ovitraps is slightly higher compared to last year (25.93% positive). In June to mid October, Ae. notoscriptus numbers in ovitraps were relatively low before a first peak in late October coinciding with the onset of the wet season rain in October (Fig. 11) Initial low Ae. notoscriptus numbers are most likely due to lower population densities in the dry season, followed by an increase in numbers due to more breeding places becoming available with the onset of rain and an increase in the population size. However, with a further increase in

rainfall, the n umber of Ae. notoscriptus collected in the ovitraps decreased again due to the availability of alternative breeding sites (Fig. 11). The rise after mid February to mid April represents higher population levels due to ample wet season breeding sites producing more adults, with the decrease after April representing the decrease in population as most receptacles dry out.

The species most often detected in all traps was Ae. notoscriptus (268 times, present in 94.37 % of positive ovitraps), followed by Ae. tremulus (29 times, present in 10.21% of positive ovitraps) (Table 1).

Up to 56.02 % of ovitraps collected from residential premises were positive for mosquito eggs. The next highest were transport companies (34.62%), caravan parks (25.00%), port areas (12.61%) and commercial premises (7.75%) (Table1).

3.2.2 Darwin Rural and Palmerston

In 2011/12, 27.11% (90) of ovitraps sampled (332) in Darwin rural and Palmerston were positive for mosquito larvae (Table 2, Fig. 12), which was similar to last year 28.57%. The species most often detected was Ae. notoscriptus (84 times, present in 93.33% of positive ovitraps) followed by Ae. tremulus (11 times, present in 12.22% of positive ovitraps) (Table 2).

In the Darwin rural and Palmerston ovitraps, Ae. notoscriptus abundance slightly increased with the onset of rainfall in October. The high September peak is due to one of the traps breeding high Ae. notoscriptus numbers in the Palmerston urban area. Numbers slightly decreased with the increase in rainfall after January (Fig. 12).

3.2.3 Groote Eylandt - Alyangula

Alyangula is a mining town located on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the East Arnhem region. Many of the vessel arrivals are for ore export or coastal cargo transport barges to and from Darwin. There is also a possibility of illegal vessels landing on Groote or nearby areas. Similar to Nhulunbuy, the area is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the NT from Qld and overseas.

The ovitrap program operates in collaboration between the Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO) and ME. The ovitrap program was established in July 1998 and continued to March 2000, when local staff shortages resulted in its suspension. The program was re-established in March 2003. The five ovitraps are located at the wharf, the airport, mine site, and the Alyangula Township (Old and New Town) and are serviced fortnightly (Figs 4 and 5).

In 2011/12, Aedes notoscriptus, Ae. tremulus, Ae. katherinensis and Culex. quinquefasciatus were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2011/12.

3.2.4 Nhulunbuy

Nhulunbuy is a mining town and the principal town in the East Arnhem region. The town is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the NT because of mining related transport arriving from overseas and Qld, as well as illegal foreign fishing vessels (IFFVs) being detained near Port Melville and prepared for onshore destruction at Drimmie Head by a local contractor. An ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was established in Nhulunbuy in 1995/96 in collaboration with the Nhulunbuy Corporation. However, the Nhulunbuy Corporation suspended the program, with the last ovitrap collection carried out on 19th July 2011.

3.2.5 Katherine

The ovitrap surveillance program in Katherine usually, consist of eight routine ovitraps. However, the number of traps was increase to 12 following the detection of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek in November 2011. The traps are located adjacent to vulnerable entry points into Katherine (Fig. 7).

The ovitraps are serviced by the Environmental Health Officer in Katherine each fortnight, and the paddles and any larvae are forwarded to ME for larval rearing and identification.

In 2011/12, no exotic mosquitoes were recovered from the Katherine ovitraps. Aedes notoscriptus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. tremulus, Ae. katherinensis and Triptoroides punctolateralis were the endemic species collected from ovitraps.

3.2.6 Tennant Creek

The Tennant Creek ovitrap surveillance program consists of three ovitraps set at the Memorial Club, 3 Kittle Street and the Caravan Park (Lot 2133) (Fig. 8). The traps are serviced fortnightly by the Tennant Creek EHO during the wet season only, commencing after the first appreciable rains.

However, due to the detection of Aedes aegypti in the Memorial Club ovitrap in Tennant Creek in November 2011, the ovitrap program was temporarily suspended in 2011/12, while the Ae. aegypti elimination project was being established and house to house receptacle inspections were started (for details see section 4).

3.2.7 Alice Springs

The Alice Springs ovitrap surveillance program consists of seven ovitraps (Fig. 9).The ovitraps are serviced fortnightly by the Alice Springs Environmental Health Officer during the summer months.

In 2011/12, mosquitoes were collected in the ovitraps on only one occasion, with Culex quinquefasciatus collected in the Beaurepair ovitrap.

3.3 DAFF Biosecurity Adult Mosquito Trapping Program There was one adult Aedes aegypti detected in the BG trap at the Toll (Perkins) international wharf quarantine shed in January 2012 (Table 37). In addition, Culex pullus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were detected at Perkins during a DAFF Biosecurity cargo vessel inspection (Singapore – East Timor route) in March 2012, and DAFF Biosecurity detected one adult female Cx. quinquefasciatus during an aircraft inspection (luggage) in March 2012.

3.3.1 Darwin

In 1999, ME resumed the mosquito identifications of the DAFF Biosecurity adult mosquito trapping program samples as a cost per service program. The aim of the program is to monitor for exotic adult mosquitoes around the Darwin port and airport areas. Weekly routine adult mosquito carbon dioxide baited EVS trapping is conducted by DAFF Biosecurity staff at vulnerable entry points in these areas (Fig. 10, Table. 35).

In early 2010, Biogents sentinel adult mosquito traps (BG), specifically designed to attract and collect Ae. aegypti and other Aedes (Stg) species, such as the exotic Ae. albopictus and the endemic Ae. katherinensis, were incorporated into the quarantine monitoring program (Fig. 10, Table 36). Carbon dioxide gas was used to enhance the attractiveness of the traps (Meeraus et al 2008).

The three CO2 baited EVS traps and the six BG traps are set and collected weekly by the DAFF Biosecurity Vector Officers and the mosquitoes are forwarded to ME for identification. Once identified, the results with comments are forwarded to DAFF Biosecurity Vector Officers, the RAAF and Darwin Airport, Perkins Shipping Environmental and Safety Officers and the Darwin Port Authority.

The three routine DAFF Biosecurity EVS monitoring trap sites in Darwin are located at Fort Hill Wharf, Darwin Airport and the Fighter Re-Plenishing Apron (FRA) at the RAAF base (Fig. 10).

There were no exotic mosquitoes recovered in the EVS traps in 2011/12 (Table 35). However, Ae. aegypti was detected in a BG trap in January 2012 at the Toll wharf (see section 3.3).

3.4 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions In the NT, DAFF Biosecurity survey and treat apprehended IFFVs and illegal persons vessels for any exotic pest threats to Australia, including mosquitoes. Illegal vessels are usually detained and escorted to a port by the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Custom Services. Some vessels, such as fishing iceboats traditionally carry large 800-1000L drinking water receptacles that are sealed and therefore are not suitable for mosquito breeding. Shark boats and illegal persons vessels however,

often use open 200L plastic drums as drinking water receptacles, which are suitable for mosquito breeding, and exotic larvae are often detected in these receptacles.

In 2011/12, information forwarded from DAFF Biosecurity indicated that there were no interceptions of exotic mosquitoes from IFFVs detained in NT ports (Table 38). Illegal vessels apprehended in NT waters are generally now diverted to Christmas Island where the fishers or illegal persons are processed and the vessels are destroyed. This is reflected in the decline of exotic mosquito interceptions from IFFVs from NT seaports in the recent data trend. There were 13 interceptions from IFFVs in 2001 reaching a high of 30 in 2002/03, after that they fell and are now remaining at low levels (one to five interceptions per year) from 2006/07 onwards.

Table 38 shows port of origin, vessel type and receptacle type for all exotic species recorded in Northern Territory seaports between 2000/01 and 2011/12.

Aedes aegypti has been the most frequently detected species from receptacles at seaports (106 instances out of 139 exotic species detections), with Ae. albopictus only collected 12 times out of the 139 detections since 2000/01 (Table 39).

Previous data showed that the potential importation of Ae. aegypti into the NT is more likely to be through IFFVs via water holding receptacles used for drinking water storage. Aedes albopictus appears more likely to be imported via used tyres and other receptacle types, which generally arrive on cargo vessels. Drinking water receptacles usually have less nutrients present in the form of leaf and insect detritus, and thus may be less attractive for egg laying Ae. albopictus.

Ae. aegypti is a highly domesticated species that primarily feeds on humans. The proximity of drinking water receptacles and humans at the port of IFFV’s origin would tend to increase the likelihood of Ae. aegypti presence and transportation via this mode. However, since apprehended IFFV’s tend to be moored 1.5 nm from shore during quarantine inspection procedures for the majority of the times they are detained, the higher risk of importations within the Darwin port environs would appear to be via international cargo vessels. The risks of exotic importations into areas other than first ports of call are be from illegal shore landings of IFFV’s or other illegal vessels.

3.5 Receptacle Breeding Surveys As part of the ME exotic vector surveillance program, surveys for receptacle breeding exotic Aedes mosquitoes are conducted as a supplement to the ovitrap program. The aim is to detect exotic mosquito incursions that have breached the 400m quarantine zone at international ports or from those arriving from Qld by road or via any other mode.

Locations that are targeted for the potential presence of exotic receptacle breeding species are port areas, nurseries, caravan parks and transport companies, as they

are potential entry points for exotic mosquitoes in the NT. Some commercial and residential premises outside these categories are also surveyed, particularly those close to potential entry points listed above, or that contain a large number of potential receptacle breeding sites.

Port areas receive international shipping traffic and are thus susceptible to potential exotic mosquito incursions. Caravan parks and transport companies represent a risk of interstate vehicles inadvertently transporting Ae. aegypti eggs or larvae in receptacles across the border from Queensland. Nurseries are considered a risk because they often import plants and pots from interstate (including Qld) and overseas, and they can contain suitable breeding or adult harbourage sites.

As shown by the Groote Eylandt Ae. aegypti incursion, remote coastal locations close to frequent IFFV activity are potentially subject to exotic mosquito introductions via routes other than through the main shipping ports. The method of introduction into nearby towns or communities may be via relocation of receptacles obtained from IFFV camps.

Following the detection of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek in November 2011, an Ae. aegypti elimination project was immediately established, and premise to premise survey and control operations were begun (see section 4). In response to the incursion, exotic vector surveys were also carried out in towns and communities along the Stuart Hwy, including Katherine in November 2011and Wycliffe Well, Ti Tree and Ali Curung in January 2012. Other exotic vector surveys carried out in 2011/12 included Jabiru in January 2012, Adelaide River, Hayes Creek, Pine Creek, Batchelor, Mataranka and Tindal RAAF base in April 2012. A survey was also carried out on Groote Eylandt in Alyangula and Umbakumba between 17th to 19th April which confirmed the absence of Ae. aegypti.

The majority of the Darwin port areas within the 400m quarantine zone were surveyed early in the wet season of 2012 as an DAFF Biosecurity/ME joint program. This timing allowed for the assessment of the receptivity of each port area before the main wet season so that source reduction recommendations could be conveyed to the respective proprietors, and then actioned in a timely manner before the rains. During the routine receptacle surveys, no exotic mosquitoes were detected.

4 EXOTIC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROGRAM

4.1 Detection of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek Aedes aegypti (L), has been generally absent from the NT for over 50 years. However it is periodically detected at NT international shipping facilities, and has been briefly established in Tennant Creek (2004 – 2006) and on Groote Eylandt (2006 – 2008). Both of these establishments were successfully eliminated by 2 year intensive survey and insecticide treatment programs. Five years after its elimination from Tennant Creek, this species was found to be widely established in Tennant Creek in November 2011 after initial detection in a routine ovitrap. The ovitrap was situated on a property close to the Memorial Club on the West side of town. ME

responded immediately to the detection and sent a team to Tennant Creek during 23-26 November to assess the extent of the Ae. aegypti population and to commence a control program. During the survey it was found that Ae. aegypti was again widespread in the town.

A coordinated and intensive emergency control program aimed at eliminating Ae. aegypti from Tennant Creek was started in late November 2011 by the NT Department of Health. The initial surveys and treatments were carried out by ME staff from Darwin, with assistance from Environmental Health staff, other CDC staff and volunteers from DOH and other government organisations. The elimination program will continue until the end of June 2013, with financial support of both the NT Government and the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA).

The program in Tennant Creek will involve both dry and wet season property by property larval surveys, and applying the pyrethroid residual insecticide alpha-cypermethrin, liquid chlorine or pellets of a mosquito hormone insecticide, S-methoprene, to all appropriate receptacles in all 1100 odd properties. Additionally a barrier spray of alpha–cypermethrin will be applied to appropriate areas around premises to provide residual control of adult mosquitoes. Piles of internally sprayed tyres with water and pellets of S-methoprene have been established near the transport hubs of all bus and road transport companies to lure, trap and kill any adults about to harbour or lay eggs. Other treatments will concentrate on roadside drains and rehabilitation of the municipal dump in cooperation with the local Barkly Shire council.

4.2 Initial control program During the initial control period there were 2 rounds of larval survey and insecticide treatment of all residential, commercial and Government properties in Tennant Creek. The first round (Nov 2011 – Feb 2012) saw 1070 properties inspected (146 properties Ae. aegypti +ve; 197 receptacles Ae. aegypti +ve). Dengue mosquito positive receptacles have included tyres, pot plant drip trays, bird baths, drums, frog breeding drums, disused fish ponds, poorly maintained swimming or wading pools and spas, take away meal containers, canoes and boats, sheets of plastic and canvas, old machinery, car bodies, discarded construction materials, animal water receptacles, garden items such as wheel barrows and watering cans, mower catchers, rainwater tanks and buckets used for striking plant cuttings. There have been a few properties where owners have been reluctant for project staff to inspect or treat, and a very few where residents have been non cooperative.

The second round (Feb 2012 – March 2012) saw 822 properties inspected (14 properties Ae. aegypti +ve; 17 receptacles Ae. aegypti +ve). The 17 receptacles positive for Ae. aegypti in this second round were mostly those that were for domestic or pet use and which are not treated with alpha-cypermethrin, as these receptacles receive only short acting chlorine detergent mixture to kill any eggs present, or two pellets of S-methoprene, along with advice to householders on the proper care of such receptacles.

There was a dramatic decline in Ae. aegypti detections following the first intensive round of survey and insecticide treatment. While the number of properties surveyed

during the first two rounds of inspection during the current project (1892 properties) was similar to the number of properties surveyed during the 2004-2006 project, many more positive properties and receptacles have been detected in rounds 1-2 of this project (160 properties; 214 receptacles) than in rounds 1-2 of the 2004-2006 project (88 properties; 110 receptacles), indicating that the current infestation was more firmly established.

4.3 Establishment and activities of Ae. aegypti elimination project

Following the notification of DoHA funding of $1.1million, for the Ae. aegypti Elimination Project, vacancies for various Tennant Creek based positions were advertised, and suitable candidates were recruited to the project. The Technical Supervisor (T3) commenced at the end of April 2012, and the Project Manager (P3) commenced in mid-May 2012. A Project Coordinator (SP1) position was created in May 2012 to assist and manage the set-up and commencement of the project including recruitment and training of staff. The ME Officer recruited to the coordination position was the Project Manager of the successful 2004-2006 Tennant Creek Ae. aegypti elimination project and was already carrying out these duties while occupying another ME position. As at the end of June 2012, four Technical Officers (T1) were scheduled to commence in their positions in mid-July 2012. A total of eight Technical Officers (T1) are expected to be recruited to the project with seven of these to be based in Tennant Creek and one to be based at ME in Darwin.

Round 3 of property survey and insecticide treatment commenced in May 2012 when the Technical Supervisor commenced duties. By the end of June 2012, around 200 properties had been surveyed and treated but no Ae. aegypti adults or larvae had been detected. The third round is being conducted during the dry season in the period of gradual recruitment and training of full-time Tennant Creek based staff, with 5 field officers scheduled to commence duty after the middle of July.

4.4 Project continuation The period of project funding by DoHA is from May 2012 until the end of June 2013. It is expected that there will be up to five rounds of property survey and insecticide treatment in Tennant Creek before the end of April 2013. The project will carry out survey of regional communities in the Barkly region, and in a number of other NT Communities that have close links with Tennant Creek. Plans are also in place to identify unsealed water tanks in Tennant Creek and to organise sealing to prevent the ingress and egress of mosquitoes. Other potential Ae. aegypti breeding sites such as the sumps of road side entry pits, unsealed septic tanks, and Telstra pits and manholes in Tennant Creek will also be surveyed and treated with insecticides.

5 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

5.1 Darwin The most important mosquito species recorded from routine CO2 baited EVS traps in Darwin in 2011/12 and their relative numbers are shown in Tables 3-6. There were 53 adult mosquito species collected in Darwin in 2011/12 (Table 3).

5.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program

5.1.1.1 Monitoring program

The routine adult mosquito monitoring program in the Darwin area involved 21 CO2 baited EVS traps set throughout the Darwin urban area (Table 5, Fig. 1). The East Point and Fishermans Wharf trap sites were set during the peak salt marsh mosquito season, to determine the effectiveness of control operations in these areas. The Holmes Jungle trap site was shifted in June up the hill towards the lookout, due to the previous site near the edge of lower Palm Creek under representing mosquito abundance in the area.

Eleven of the trap sites have been monitored continuously using the same trap type from 1985 to the present (Table 4). A few of these trap sites have been consistently monitored from 1979 to the present, representing one of the longest consistent adult mosquito monitoring data sets in Australia. This data is used to evaluate long term mosquito control and disease risk.

5.1.1.2 Adult mosquito numbers

The financial year results for the 11 continuous traps are shown in Table 4. The results from all 21 trap sites are shown in Table 5.

Palm Creek, Leanyer Dump and Karama were by far the most productive trap sites of the 11 continuous sites, recording 25,379, 22,534 and 20,559 adult female mosquitoes respectively (Table 4). The next most productive of the 11 continuous trap sites were Longwood (13,614), Leanyer Gate (12,984) and Casuarina (9606) (Table 4). When comparing all 21 trap sites, the trap sites mentioned above were the most productive (Table 5). The remaining 10 trap sites were set around Darwin Urban where only localised breeding sites occur, hence the much lower mosquito numbers.

The average number of Aedes vigilax per trap night for the 11 continuous traps decreased drastically from an average of 154.64 per trap night in 2010/11 to an average of 53.92 per trap night in 2011/12 (Table 6). The decrease was due to lower late dry/early wet season rainfall in 2011 compared to 2010, as the high tides in the late dry/early wet season of 2011 were actually higher than the same period of 2010. This lack of heavy late dry/early wet season rain resulted in less major breeding events, resulting in a lower egg bank and subsequent lower population density in the Shoal Bay coastal swamps.

Average Culex annulirostris numbers per trap night in the eleven continuous traps decreased slightly from 67.06 in 2010/11 to 59.78 in 2011/12 (Table 6). The high late wet season rainfall in March (Figs 17A and18) maintained relatively deep flooding in the Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp, reducing semi-aquatic vegetation growth and subsequently reducing mosquito breeding during the usual peak months in the early to mid dry season.

Anopheles bancroftii and Anopheles farauti s.l. average numbers decreased from an average per trap of 25.05 and 12.59 respectively in 2010/11, to an average per trap of 11.38 and 8.58 respectively in 2011/12 (Table 6). The decrease in numbers of these mosquito species could be attributed to the same reason for the decrease in Cx. annulirostris numbers.

The pest mosquitoes Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia xanthogaster increased in numbers (Table 6), with the very low February rainfall (Fig. 18) a major factor, as the Shoal Bay swamps were flooded with shallow water, and the subsequent heavy semi-aquatic vegetation growth provided ample breeding habitat for these species.

5.1.1.3 Seasonal occurrence

The salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax is most common in the Darwin area from September to January inclusive (Fig. 17A). Minor numbers can also be encountered in April-August in some years (Fig. 17A). In 2011/12, Ae. vigilax was abundant during the months of September to December inclusive, and during April and May (Fig. 17A). Abundance of Ae. vigilax is associated with monthly high tides (7.4 m ACD or over) and/or appreciable daily rainfall (25 mm and above) during most months of the year, expect for February and March, when all the principal breeding sites are seasonally flooded and unavailable as egg laying sites.

The common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris is most common during the months of January to August (Fig. 17A). In most years, two peaks in abundance generally occur during these months, an early to mid wet season peak in January or February, and an extended peak during the months of April to June. The mid wet season peak is usually larger than the late wet/early dry season peak (Figs 17 and 17A). The early wet season peak is generally a result of initial widespread flooding of the Holmes Jungle and Leanyer swamps, and other swamps and smaller ground depressions in other locations, with high mosquito productivity due to the lack of mosquito larvae predators after initial flooding. The peak in April to June is a result of the progressive drying of the larger breeding sites, such as the Holmes Jungle Reed swamp and the Leanyer floodplains and drains, resulting in the formation of thickly vegetated pools with restricted access for mosquito larvae predators.

In 2011/12, there were two small Cx. annulirostris peaks, in January/February, and in May, with both peaks relatively similar in size (Fig. 17A). Usually the early to mid wet season peak is impractical to effectively control due to concurrent flooding of over 1000 hectares of the wider Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamps after the first monsoon rains, although the main concentration of larvae are targeted by aerial

control. The early dry season peak is usually associated with smaller and better defined shallow flooding in the Holmes Jungle reed swamp areas, and is thus easier to control.

Other important mosquito species such as Cq. xanthogaster, An. bancroftii, An. farauti s.l. and Ma. uniformis are usually most abundant in the late wet season and early dry season, when semi-aquatic vegetation growth is abundant, and deep flooded areas begin to dry, leaving shallow or relatively isolated pools.

5.1.1.4 Trapping sites

When comparing total numbers of all mosquito species from all monitoring sites, the Karama, Palm Creek and Holmes Jungle sites are usually the most productive trap sites. However, in 2011/12 Leanyer Dump was the second most productive trap site following Palm Creek, while Karama was the third most productive trap site. The high numbers of all mosquito species at Palm Creek, Karama and Holmes Jungle is due to very large areas of reed swamp and other wetland breeding areas in the nearby Holmes Jungle reed swamp and upper mangrove areas close to the sites. These breeding sites are considerably influenced by rainfall and tides, providing suitable habitats for both freshwater and brackish water mosquito species. This swamp is not targeted by engineering control methods due to the ecological sensitivity and the importance as a fish breeding site. ME does not routinely control mosquitoes other than the salt marsh mosquito in this swamp, unless there is a relatively high risk of mosquito borne disease from Cx. annulirostris or if numbers of this species and other pest mosquitoes such as An. bancroftii become markedly high. The minimum urban distance buffer of 1.6 km from the edge of this swamp usually results in few problems in the nearby residential areas, apart from those caused by the long dispersing mosquito Ae. vigilax. These trap sites are also influenced to some extent by Ae. vigilax dispersal from further coastal swamps associated with King Creek and the Howard River.

The rise of Leanyer Dump and the second mosquito productive trap site in 2011/12 could be due to localised breeding in problem stormwater drains from Karama and Malak, rather than an increase in mosquito breeding throughout the Leanyer Swamp. This indicates more attention may be required to maintaining drains in the Leanyer Swamp.

As usual, the northern suburb traps of Karama, Palm Creek, Leanyer Gate, Leanyer Dump, Longwood and Casuarina were amongst the most productive traps (Table 5), due to the location of the traps between extensive swamp breeding sites and the urban fringes of the suburbs. Karama was the most productive trap site for Ae. vigilax, closely followed by Leanyer Dump. Leanyer Gate and Casuarina were the next most productive sites, recording relatively similar overall numbers (Table 5).

Culex annulirostris was most abundant in the traps bordering the Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamp, followed by the traps near Casuarina Coastal Reserve and Marrara Swamp (Table 5). Totem Road and Richardson Park were the next most productive trap sites, with very low numbers elsewhere (Table 5).

Other important mosquitoes such as the Anopheles mosquitoes were most abundant at Palm Creek and Karama, while Cq. xanthogaster was most abundant at Palm Creek and Leanyer Dump, with elevated abundance also at Aviation Museum and Leanyer Dump (Table 5).

5.1.2 Vectors & Disease case data

5.1.2.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease

In 2011/12 there were 222 laboratory notified cases of RRV in the Northern Territory (Table 7). The majority of cases were from the Darwin region (176). There was a reduction in RRV cases from 2010/11, when 262 RRV cases were reported in the NT and 190 from the Darwin region (Table 9).

The number of laboratory reported cases of BFV disease in the NT was 52 in 2011/12, compared to 62 in 2010/11 (Table 10). The Darwin region recorded the majority of cases (45), which was the same as in 2010/11.

The two main vectors of RRV and BFV in the Darwin region are the northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax and the common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris.

Aedes vigilax numbers in Darwin increase from the late dry season, when the tides become large enough to flood breeding areas, and into the early wet season when rainfall floods breeding areas (Fig. 18). Culex annulirostris numbers are relatively high in the early to mid wet season and the early to mid dry season (Fig. 18).

The mid to latter part of the dry season results in a relatively low longevity of Ae. vigilax and hence a reduced capacity for it to transmit RRV in this period. This is why large numbers of Ae. vigilax in October - November generally do not correlate with the highest number of RRV cases. As soon as the heavy rain occurs (usually in December or January), the increased day time humidity in areas both near the breeding sites and near people, together with vegetation growth, appears to increase the longevity of Ae. vigilax enough to result in an increase in RRV transmission. This seasonal transition will also involve favourable conditions for the production and exposure of new non immune offspring of wallabies, which is probably the major vertebrate host of RRV in the Top End.

In addition, maximum tide levels per month generally increase from mid July to December, thus increasing inundation of the salt marsh habitat. Consequently, Ae. vigilax numbers increase steadily to reach a peak in November to January. The high numbers in November to January are usually a result of highest tides and/or first flooding rains. High tides after January flooding rains and increased rainfall from February to April do not usually result in Ae. vigilax breeding due to the seasonal and complete flooding of all the major breeding habitats, making the habitat unsuited for egg laying and larval production. There are almost no Ae. vigilax present from February to June each year. Unlike temperate areas, seasonal temperature variation

does not seem to play a part in the production of Ae. vigilax in the Top End. Maximum temperatures in the day does not vary much, and thus the temperature in the water is unlikely to be a large factor affecting larval development and hence adult mosquito production.

With Cx. annulirostris, there are low numbers in the period September to October before the first appreciable rains. It is only after the first heavy rains that the population begins to rise. The population arising from ephemeral habitats (wet season flooded grasslands or swamps in the process of filling) reaches a peak in January to February, while peak numbers from extensive perennial swamps occur as the swamps dry from late March to around May and reeds lodge over, reducing the impact of fish predation. For example, peaks in Cx. annulirostris numbers can occur in April, May or even June depending on rainfall in the preceding wet season, the length of time of water in the swamp, and the proximity to and extent of the nearest perennial swamp. High numbers of Cx. annulirostris in April, May or June are not correlated with high RRV disease cases because the longevity of Cx. annulirostris is reduced in this period of lower humidity.

The small decrease in RRV cases in the Darwin region could be attributed to reduced Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris abundance. Fewer reported RRV disease cases could also have been due to increased immunity in the natural vertebrate hosts, such as wallabies, less numbers of wallaby young, or less exposure of the young wallabies to mosquito vectors. Alternatively, less people may have presented themselves for mosquito borne disease testing.

Barmah Forest virus disease cases were lower than last year, continuing the downward trend since the peak in 2007/08 (Table 10). The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in cases in the other regions, with the Darwin region recording the same number of cases in 2011/12 compared to 2010/11 (Table 10).

5.1.2.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance

Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system to detect the activity of MVEV and KUNV and to indicate potential risk periods for MVEV and KUNV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2011/12 is summarised in Table 13 and discussed in Section 7.1. No cases of MVE or KUN virus disease were reported in the Darwin region in 2011/12 (Table 11).

5.1.3 Routine Ground Larval Mosquito Control Program Darwin

5.1.3.1 Larval survey and control program

Larval mosquito surveys in the Darwin urban and peri urban areas are carried out in cooperation with the Darwin City Council (DCC), the Parks and Wildlife Service of the NT (PWSNT), and Medical Entomology (ME), as part of the DoH Northern Territory Disease Control Program (NTDCP). ME has produced aerial photo vector control maps with 100m grid references of the Darwin area, and has categorised all the potential mosquito breeding sites. Potential breeding sites are generally inspected by Medical Entomology, with the exception of the Botanic Gardens and Charles Darwin

National Park, which are controlled by PWSNT. DCC also conduct control operations in their jurisdiction, usually after monsoon rain flooding. All current important mosquito breeding sites in Darwin Urban have been mapped on GIS, with the data compatible with Google Earth for easy viewing and file sharing.

DCC is responsible for the inspection and control of all storm water drains and areas of swamp adjacent to suburban areas in Frances Bay, Fannie Bay, East Point Reserve, Vestey's Beach, Mindil Beach, Nightcliff Foreshore and the Rapid Creek area. The PWSNT areas include Casuarina Coastal Reserve, Darwin Botanic Gardens and Charles Darwin National Park. Crown Land areas such as Ludmilla Swamp and Coconut Grove/Kulaluk are covered by Medical Entomology.

Medical Entomology has taken over control operations in Casuarina Coastal Reserve/Lee Point, with PWSNT invoiced for control efforts. There is the potential for ME to take over DCC operations in a similar manner, as the judicious use of s-methoprene pellets in many breeding sites has allowed larval control operations to become more efficient over the past few years.

5.1.3.2 Larval mosquito survey results

The major breeding sites at the PWSNT administered Darwin Botanic Gardens were a tidally influenced Brackish Fern area and grassy depressions at the base of Bullocky Point, numerous ground depressions and drains east of Gilruth Ave near the tidal flat, and in the Mindil Beach car park area. Productivity was usually high in most breeding sites.

The major breeding sites in DCC administrated areas were grassy pools at Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, the upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek, and interdune areas and upper tidal flats and drains and crab farm ponds at Kulaluk (Coconut Grove). Mosquito breeding was also controlled at East Point, in particular around the DCC mulch piles and areas of shallow grassy ponding throughout the East Point area, as well as in dune depressions north of the model aero club and tidal flats near Lake Alexander. Other productive breeding sites included the Mindil Beach area in the markets car park, the concrete drain between the tennis courts and casino lawns, and grassy pools at Little Mindil. Other breeding sites controlled included Nightcliff foreshore rock pools between the jetty and Nightcliff Pool, Fannie Bay near the Ludmilla wastewater treatment plant, Frances Bay storm water drainage lines, and tidal drains off Rapid Creek Road.

The major breeding sites at Casuarina Coastal Reserve were the upper tidal reaches of Sandy Creek, including the Brackish Fern area that receives freshwater from the Rocklands Drive section of Sandy Creek. Other major breeding sites were numerous large and productive interdune depressions scattered along the coast from Dripstone Cliffs to the mouth of Buffalo Creek, with the Lee Point area containing the majority of these interdune breeding sites.

5.1.3.3 Larval ground control

The most common larvicide used in DCC controlled areas was s-methoprene 30 day pellets or 150 day briquettes. S-methoprene 150 day briquettes or 30 day pellets were placed in select areas around the Darwin Urban area, mostly in tidally influenced stormwater drains to provide control in the late dry/early wet season, with breeding sites in Ludmilla Creek, Rapid Creek, Coconut Grove and Fannie Bay treated. Localised wet season ground pools around Darwin, such as at East Point, Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, Mindil Beach, Fannie Bay, Coconut Grove and Nightcliff Foreshore, were also selectively treated with s-methoprene 30 day pellets.

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i) was the main larvicide used at the Darwin Botanic Gardens during smaller flooding events, with methoprene pellets also used, particularly after widespread flooding in the mid wet season. All breeding sites at Charles Darwin National Park were controlled with s-methoprene 150 day briquettes.

S-methoprene 30 day residual pellets were used at Casuarina Coastal Reserve, which included the aerial application of 30 day pellets to a large interdune depression adjacent to the lower reaches of Sandy Creek. This depression is inaccessible on the ground in some parts, and thus necessitates the aerial application of pellets. S-methoprene pellets have the advantage of providing continuous control of mosquito larvae for 30 days. S-methoprene 150 day residual briquettes were also utilised in a number of accessible dune and grassy depressions and creek lines at Casuarina Coastal Reserve, from Dripstone Park to the mouth of Buffalo Creek. The use of briquettes or pellets in all breeding sites greatly reduced survey and control requirements, while maintaining very good control of mosquito breeding.

5.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program

The helicopter larval control program in Darwin is aimed primarily at the northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax, and the common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris. Salt marsh swamps within a 5km range of the edge of the northern suburbs of Darwin are routinely surveyed by either helicopter or all terrain quad bikes by ME after high tides or critical amounts of rain. The swamps that area surveyed and controlled by helicopter include Leanyer Swamp, the Leanyer bomb crater area, Holmes Jungle reed and mangrove Swamps, Micket Swamp and parts of the Shoal Bay communication base Swamp (Fig. 19). Insecticides are applied by helicopter in liquid formulations, primarily the bacterial insecticide B.t.i. or less commonly liquid s-methoprene.

The area at Leanyer Swamp and adjacent swamps treated by helicopter in 2011/12 (2023 ha) was similar compared to the previous year (2119 ha). Treatment of such a large area of salt marsh was needed because off high spring tides between September to November, and the heavy and regular rains starting in October, resulting in extensive salt marsh mosquito breeding. However, the control operations were very successful at keeping the average adult mosquito numbers collected in the eleven continuous Darwin monitoring traps to very low levels (214) compared to last year (353) (Table 6).

5.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program

The Darwin Mosquito Engineering Control Program is a cooperative effort between ME and DCC to maintain and upgrade those Darwin drains which are actual or potential mosquito breeding sites, as well as to rectify depressions that are mosquito breeding sites. It is funded on a 1:2 dollar basis between DCC : DoH with, a $311,814 program in 2011/12. It is a major program for ME, involving inspections and maintenance work on existing drains and concrete upgrading of sections of drains where there are demonstrated mosquito breeding problems.

Much of the engineering budget was spent on desilting problem stormwater drains, such as those drains along the tidal fringes of Rapid Creek, Coconut Grove, Ludmilla, Vesteys Lake, Mindil Beach, Gardens Golf Course, East Point and Lake Alexander. Herbiciding and desilting drains in Leanyer Swamp was also carried out, and this was a major part of the program. Other areas of Darwin in which problem drains were desilted included Marrara, Winnellie/Stuart Park, Bayview Haven and Frances Bay.

Concrete invert drains were constructed at Lake Alexander and Vesteys Lake. Both of these sites are highly productive breeding areas for salt marsh mosquitoes, with the drains designed to prevent shallow ponding in low lying areas. The Vesteys drainage works was an upgrade to an existing narrow, damaged concrete invert drain, with the new drain widened to 2m to reduce vegetation blockage and maintenance needs.

The key to the successful mosquito engineering control program is the continued cooperation between ME and DCC, as well as assistance from the Power and Water Corporation and DLP. The ME database is a valuable tool in identifying frequent mosquito breeding sites. The development of the ME geographic information system will aid in the planning and monitoring of future work programs.

5.1.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control

Mosquito engineering control measures are still required at Lake Alexander, Vesteys Lake, East Point, Mindil Beach, Ludmilla Creek, Darwin Botanic Gardens, Casuarina Coastal Reserve (including Lee Point and Buffalo Creek) and Leanyer Swamp. These areas contain very productive salt marsh mosquito breeding sites, most of which can be engineered to prevent or significantly reduce mosquito breeding. This will require the relevant authorities to acknowledge that the local mosquito breeding sites pose a considerable pest and public health problem for people in the nearby suburbs, and that the rectification of these by relevant landowners should be given a high priority. The combined DCC:ME engineering program does not have adequate funds to rectify all of these sites, even in the longer term, and some sites are more correctly the responsibility of various landowners.

Lake Alexander requires minor fill operations in numerous grassy depressions, while Vesteys Lake requires extensive although shallow fill operations or minor surface drainage in several large low lying areas to enable surface water runoff. It needs to be recognised that mosquito engineering rectification in these parks should be a high

priority, as visitors and adjacent residents are seasonally exposed to unacceptable levels of adult mosquitoes.

Leanyer Swamp requires annual maintenance of the numerous existing open earth drains established under the engineering program. The main problem drains are those from urban areas, with dry season low flows in these large catchment drains promoting the growth of tidal couch grass (Sporobolus), Eleocharis reeds and grass weeds such as olive hymenachne. Annual herbiciding reduces the potential for the weeds to obstruct the drains, however desilting works are still required in some drains to minimise water ponding after high tides and rainfall events. Other smaller drains in the swamp are subject to mangrove growth closing over the drain and allowing shallow ponding. All drains in the Leanyer swamp are re-excavated as necessary using a laser guided swamp excavator.

The upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek opposite Richardson Park and Ludmilla School contains an extensive Ae. vigilax and Cx. sitiens breeding site and this site is becoming progressively more extensive and productive each year, with Cx. annulirostris breeding in this site now posing a dry season pest problem. Ponding problems in this area are a result of a silted outlet channel from the Bagot Rd subsoil drainage system outfall at the rear of the school. As well as a mosquito problem, the silted drainage channel is also periodically causing wet season flooding in the Narrows section of Bagot Rd. The outlet channel requires desilting from the Ludmilla School outfall area to the Dick Ward Dve creek culvert, and will need to be placed on a periodic maintenance program by the relevant authority to remove silt. The smaller drainage channels in the upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek also require desilting once the main outlet channel has been rectified. A report was prepared by ME in 2009 for the Department of Planning and Infrastructure in regards to this breeding site, but this problem remains to be rectified.

The Darwin Botanic Gardens require extensive mosquito breeding site rectification works, which includes extensive fill operations in low lying areas. Open concrete invert drains and filling could improve drainage of many areas but may not be an aesthetically acceptable option. PWSNT have acknowledged that many sites require rectification, and have earmarked several major breeding areas to be rectified during future major upgrades to the Gardens.

Casuarina Coastal Reserve requires large scale rectification works to rectify numerous interdune depressions that have become mosquito breeding sites, particularly around the Lee Point area. The sand accumulating process from long shore drift of sand just east of Lee Point is gradually creating new interdune mosquito breeding sites, which are more extensive and productive each year. This site requires the importation of sand from the lower beach line, and filling and grading rectification works. If carried out correctly, this would permanently rectify some of the most productive breeding sites in this area similar to what has previously been achieved by ME and DCC in interdune areas in Coconut Grove (Kulaluk area) and other areas in the Casuarina Coastal Reserve.

The largest and most productive mosquito breeding site in Casuarina Coastal Reserve, the Lee Point Pillbox depression (approximately 500m west of Lee Point) requires an engineering solution by sand filling and grading, to prevent appreciable water ponding and mosquito breeding.

The other major mosquito breeding site is the upper reaches of Sandy Creek near the hospital residential houses. PWSNT need to conduct maintenance works on the upper Sandy Creek low flow pipe system, which has a section of damaged pipe that requires replacing. Shallow drainage lines across a former mudflat have been colonised by mangroves because of the failure of the low flow pipe to take all dry flows in the creek direct to the lower mangrove area. The drainage line on this flat now needs clearing and re-grading, as the mangroves have restricted tidal drainage and resulted in an appreciable mosquito breeding site.

Appreciable mosquito engineering works are also required in the Buffalo Creek boat ramp area, to rectify drainage problems caused by the previous construction of the road to the boat ramp. PWSNT have earmarked several poorly draining areas to be rectified during future extensions to the car park.

In Palmerston, preliminary investigations by ME have revealed that most Ae. vigilax breeding sites occur in the upper tidal reaches of Mitchell Creek, including disturbed tidal areas and a tidally affected sediment basin, and at stormwater discharge points at the mangrove fringe on the west side of Palmerston. Recent ME baseline surveys for the Palmerston Eastern Suburbs have located many appreciable Ae. vigilax breeding sites associated with the upper tidal areas of Mitchell and Brooking Creek, which require rectification where possible, routine control with larvicides, or a combination of both.

Ad hoc adult mosquito monitoring has indicated there are Cx. annulirostris breeding sites affecting the Palmerston suburbs of Darla and Fairway Waters. The breeding sites of these adult mosquitoes require locating for future rectification. Some of these breeding sites are possibly associated with sediment basins and wetlands, as well as inappropriate stormwater drains. The Palmerston area at the moment does not have a regular mosquito survey or control program, and this is seen as the responsibility of the local council in the first instance.

5.2 Ranger Mine - Jabiru

5.2.1 Monitoring program

In 2011/12 Ranger Mine decided to cease the program as they can offer little mosquito control capacity. ME has many years of data from regular mosquito monitoring, so any periodic mosquito pest problem can usually be explained by an examination of the previous seasonal problems and likely physical parameters, such as heavy rain, or the presence of seasonal flooded areas.

5.3 McArthur River Mine – Katherine Region Routine adult mosquito monitoring commenced at McArthur River Mine in September 2009, at the request of the Environmental Officer at the mine site. Six trap sites were established, four at the mine site, and two at Bing Bong Port. Trapping during the dry season (May to October) was conducted monthly, while fortnightly trapping was conducted over the wet season. Trap results have been discussed in detail in the McArthur River Mine annual mosquito monitoring report for the trapping program.

In summary, the floodwater mosquito Ae. normanensis occurred in seasonally low to high numbers at the mine site from January to April, and was the most common mosquito collected at the mine. Anopheles mosquitoes and Culex annulirostris were generally recorded in low numbers throughout the wet season as well as the dry season, although they reached moderate peaks during the late wet season after above average rainfall. The northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax was recorded in minor numbers at the mine site.

At Bing Bong, moderate to extremely high numbers of Ae. vigilax occurred from November to April in 2011/12. Low to very high Cx. annulirostris numbers occurred from February to April 2012, while Anopheles mosquitoes were only recorded in minor to low levels at Bing Bong. During the 2011/12 season, Ae. vigilax numbers had increased, but numbers of Cx. annulirostris, Cx. sitiens and Anopheles mosquitoes were reduced. The construction of a drainage line through a large depression at Bing Bong is likely to have had some influence on the lower numbers of Cx. annulirostris, Cx. sitiens and Anopheles mosquitoes, due to reduced residual ponding. The increase in Ae. vigilax numbers could have been due to the timing of trapping being concurrent with abundance peaks, or due to higher productivity breeding caused by environmental conditions such as seasonal rainfall patterns.

The complete results and discussion will be available in the report ‘Mosquito Monitoring McArthur River Mine 2011/12’.

5.4 Groote Eylandt

5.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Groote Eylandt

In 2011/12, 23 mosquito species were recorded on Groote Eylandt (Table 20).



The three routine adult mosquito monitoring sites on Groote Eylandt are located at the mine site near Angurugu, the wharf area in Alyangula Township and the Golf Club (Figs 4 and 5). An Environmental Adviser from GEMCO conducts trapping on a fortnightly basis. The adult mosquitoes are sent to ME for identification, and comments and results are then forwarded to the Environmental Advisor on Groote Eylandt who coordinates mosquito control as required.

5.4.2.2 Adult Mosquito Numbers

The average number of adult mosquitoes caught per trap night in the three routine traps in Alyangula in 2011/12 (16.93) was slightly higher than in 2010/11 (11.46) (Table 21). The prevalent species caught were Aedes vigilax comprising 46.85% of the total mosquitoes trapped, followed by Culex quinqufasciatus 13.75%, and Cx. annulirostris 7.94% (Table 21).

The average number of Cx. annulirostris recorded in 2011/12 per trap night (1.34) was slightly higher compared to 2010/11 (0.15) (Table 22).

Average numbers of Ae. vigilax detected per trap night in 2011/12 (7.93) were considerably higher than in 2010/11 (1.23) but relatively low compared to other years (Table 22).

Average numbers of Ae. notoscriptus collected during 2011/12 remained at a low level (0.51). This species abundance decreased to a record low (0.37) in 2007/08 during the Ae. aegypti elimination project 2006 (Table 22), and is still low after this substantial reduction in the container breeding mosquito population caused by the insecticide applications during this program. This decrease is probably a reflection of the receptacle clean up carried during the elimination program.

No Ae. aegypti were detected in Alyangula in 2011/12.

5.4.2.3 Seasonal Occurrence and Trapping sites

Two of the three adult routine trap sites are located near Alyangula town. The first is at the golf course and the second in the port area, while the third trap site is situated at the mine site, some 20 km south of the township (Figs 4 and 5).

The rainfall recorded in Alyangula in 2011/12 (1001 mm) was lower compared to 2010/11 (1483 mm). Appreciable rainfall occurred in between December 2011 (379.8mm) and January 2012 (142.8mm) (Bureau of Meteorology).

The major breeding sites of Ae. vigilax near Alyangula are the coastal areas near the golf club, the small tidal creeks south of the town, the upper reaches of the mangrove creeks east of the road to Deception Bay near the Ngadumiyerrka community (‘little paradise’), and on Connexion Island. A large number of rock pools to the north of Alyangula, near the North West Bluff, may also be capable of producing moderate numbers of Ae. vigilax after the first wet season rains. The pools hold water and become saline from wind borne sea spray. However, it is probable that a considerable proportion of the Ae. vigilax adult population detected at Alyangula originated from the extensive breeding sites on Connexion Island.

Connexion Island is situated approximately 6 km west of Alyangula, which is within the flight range of Ae. vigilax. During the monsoon months of January and February, Groote Eylandt experiences prevailing north-westerly winds. Past records show that Ae. vigilax numbers in Alyangula usually increase during this period. This indicates that the adult mosquitoes detected in Alyangula are probably dispersing with the aid of the wind from Connexion Island into the township. Connexion Island has a number of large Ae. vigilax breeding sites that have previously been identified by ME and GEMCO. These include some small tidally influenced areas on the southern and eastern shores of the island, and a large salt lake at the northern end of the island. The salt lake is not subject to regular tides, but become extensively flooded after the monsoon rains.

There is minor Cx. annulirostris breeding in ground depressions on the golf course. However, the major Cx. annulirostris breeding sites near Alyangula are located to the north of the town. There are extensive freshwater swamps and sub-coastal areas of grassland behind Deception Bay, directly north of Alyangula, that provides suitable breeding sites for this species. However, in 2011/12 relatively low numbers of this species (total of 82) were recorded (Table 21).

The Alyangula township trap site is close to the port, industrial and commercial areas. These areas often have items such as large tyres, drums, bins and plant machinery that can hold water during the wet season. The presence of Ae. notoscriptus near the port area indicate that there is a need to periodically conduct larval surveys and clean up operations near the port area at the beginning of the wet season to reduce the risk of an exotic mosquito establishment.

5.4.3 Vector & Disease case data


RRV disease cases occur mostly during or towards the end of the wet season. Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease cases on Groote Eylandt have been relatively low since 1992/93. One to five cases per year of both diseases seem to reflect the normal status (Fig. 15).

In 2011/12, there were 14 reported cases of RRV disease in East Arnhem (Table 7), but only two cases were recorded on Groote Eylandt. No cases of BFV disease were recorded on Groote Eylandt in 2011/12. Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris are the main vectors for these diseases, and these species occurred in relatively low numbers in the Alyangula town area.


In cooperation with GEMCO environmental staff, a sentinel chicken flock was established in Alyangula in April 2006. Sentinel chicken flocks are maintained, bled monthly and tested for flavivirus in a combined program between DPIF, DoH, and the volunteer sentinel chicken carers. In Alyangula, the flock is located in a residential area in the eastern part of the town (Fig. 4).

In 2011/12 sentinel chickens in Alyangula were bled eight times, with no seroconversions to MVE or KUN (Table 13). This indicated that the ecology on Groote Eylandt is not optimal for MVE or KUN virus, and may be due to the lack of large populations or breeding sites for the water bird hosts including herons and egrets.


It is important to regularly maintain all storm water drains in urban areas to discourage mosquito breeding. Drains that are not regularly cleared of vegetation, and do not have the drain floor graded to eliminate depressions, can pool water from wet season rainfall or dry season low flow. Pools that form along drain lines that have dry season low flows often have a high organic content from vegetation and debris that collects in the drain. These pools are often associated with the presence of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. annulirostris larvae. The adults of these species have been detected in relatively high numbers at the mine and the golf course site on Groote Eylandt. It is recommended that a storm water drain maintenance program be implemented in Alyangula and the mine site, and that any drains that require maintenance are cleared and graded before each wet season.

In light of the importation and establishment of Ae. aegypti in 2006, it is

recommended that an exotic Aedes receptacle breeding survey be conducted by ME at least annually in Alyangula. This is in addition to fortnightly collected ovitraps around Alyangula and the mine site. In addition, receptacle surveys should be conducted on a periodic (1-3 years) basis in Umbakumba and Milyakburra and other small outstations in the area that are considered to be at risk to an exotic vector incursion through overseas importations (IFFV landings). The surveys should include premise-by-premise surveys for receptacle breeding mosquitoes in residential areas, as well as person landing and adult trapping targeting exotic vector species. The surveys should be undertaken in liaison with DAFF Biosecurity officers, indigenous ranger groups and GEMCO Environmental staff.

5.5 Nhulunbuy

5.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy

Thirty six mosquito species were collected from the Gove Peninsula in 2011/12 (Table 16). The most important mosquito species in terms of pest and diseases are shown in Table 17.

5.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program


There are six routine adult mosquito monitoring sites in Nhulunbuy (Fig. 6). Traps are currently located at Wallaby Beach, Buffalo Creek, Rear Jasper, Contractors Village, the Industrial Estate and Nhulunbuy South. There are five traps that have been in

continuous operation since 1990/91and six since the Industrial Estate trap was started in 2004/05. DoH Environmental Health Officers set and collect the traps on a fortnightly basis. Once collected, the mosquitoes are sent to ME for identification, and the results, comments and control advice are forwarded to the Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited (NCL), Nhulunbuy Environmental Health Officers, Centre for Disease Control Nhulunbuy and Arnhem Land Pest Control (ALPC). The NCL then organises mosquito control as required.

5.5.2.2 Adult Mosquito Control

‘Fogging’ or adulticiding by Ultra Low Volume applications (ULV) conducted by Arnhem Land Pest Control under direction from NCL is based on adult mosquito monitoring results, with public complaints also influencing fogging frequencies. Fogging thresholds have been previously set for the mosquito species Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris (Montgomery & Love 1995). Fogging is recommended once a week for two weeks, or until numbers go below the thresholds of Ae. vigilax, when numbers exceed 50/trap night, and when Cx. annulirostris numbers exceed 100/trap night at any of the relevant trap locations. The fogging frequency can increase to three times a week for two weeks on occasions when there are over 100/trap night for Ae. vigilax and over 200/trap night for Cx. annulirostris.


The average number of all mosquitoes caught per trap night in the five continuous monitoring traps in 2011/12 (287.47) was relatively low compared to last year (412.43) and similar to numbers recorded since 2001/02 (Table 18). Reduced average numbers in 2011/12 were mainly due to lower Coquillettidea xanthogaster and Culex annulirostris numbers (Table 18). However, average Aedes vigilax numbers recorded in 2011/12 increased (169.37) compared to 2010/11, and were the highest ever recorded since trapping commended in 1994/95 (Table 18). This was mainly due to the temporary suspension of control operations during the wet season by the Nhulunbuy Corporation.

Culex annulirostris (57.60 average/trap night) and Ae. vigilax (143.00 average/trap night) were still the two most commonly detected species in Nhulunbuy in 2011/12 (Table 17).

The routine trap sites that usually record high numbers of Ae. vigilax in Nhulunbuy are Buffalo Creek, Wallaby Beach, Contractors Village and Nhulunbuy South. These sites are in close proximity to six of the major salt marsh mosquito breeding areas on the Gove Peninsula; namely the upper tidal areas of No Name Creek, the Special Purpose Lease area 270 at the reclaimed red mud ponds (SPL270), Crocodile Creek, the western mudflats, Buffalo Creek and Rainbow Beach.

Historically, there have been large-scale emergences of Ae. vigilax detected on the Gove Peninsula following the first monsoonal rains. The highest Ae. vigilax total numbers in 2011/12 were detected at Wallaby Beach (9919), with substantially less numbers at Nhulunbuy South (954) and the Contractors Village (769) trap sites (Table 17).

The major breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris on the Gove Peninsula are in the depressions on the SPL270 (reclaimed red mud ponds) at Wallaby Beach, followed by the upper reaches of Freshwater Creek, and Nhulunbuy Lagoon.

In 2011/12, the traps at Wallaby Beach (2916) and Contractors Village (819) collected high numbers of this species (Table 17). The most productive breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris during 2011/12 were the reclaimed red mud ponds, followed by the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, the swamps along the eastern side of the western mudflats, and the upper reaches of Freshwater Creek.


Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris are the two major vector species found on the Gove Peninsula, and their numbers are often closely related to rainfall patterns. During 2011/12, a total of 1544.6 mm of rain was recorded in Nhulunbuy compared to last year (2295 mm). The highest rainfall occurred in December 2011 (544mm), with other major rainfall events occurring between January and April 2012 (Bureau of Meteorology).

Aedes vigilax breeds in salt marsh or upper mangrove areas affected by high tides or rain. This species is usually detected in relatively high numbers after spring tides at most routine traps around Gove. However, historically, the largest population peak occurs after the first monsoonal rains when depressions on the SPL270 become filled, causing a hatch of eggs deposited on the surface of the mud during the previous season.

The peak Cx. annulirostris breeding period on the Gove Peninsula is usually between January and April. This species can breed in high numbers in shallow vegetated in the reclaimed red mud ponds, and in vegetation that becomes lodged around the margins of the Nhulunbuy Lagoon in the late wet season or in shallow vegetation areas as water levels retreat.

5.5.3 Trapping sites

There are a number of major mosquito breeding sites around the Gove Peninsular. Adult mosquito dispersal from some of these breeding sites can directly impact on Nhulunbuy residents. The degree of impact can vary depending on the species flight range. The important Ae. vigilax breeding sites are on the SPL270 at wallaby Beach, and the nearby Macassar Creek and Crocodile Creek, followed by the western mudflats, No-Name Creek, Buffalo Creek and Rainbow Creek. The main Cx. annulirostris breeding sites are the reclaimed red mud ponds, the top of Freshwater Creek behind Contractors Village and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon.

In 2011/12, the Wallaby Beach detected the highest percentage of total mosquito numbers (62.62%), followed by Contractors Village (11.22%), Nhulunbuy South

(8.51%), Rear Jasper (7.39%), Industrial Estate (5.36%) and Buffalo Creek (4.90%) (Table 17).

The Wallaby Beach trap site detected the highest number of Ae. vigilax (9919) in 2011/12 (Table 17). The productive breeding sites for this species were likely to be the nearby Crocodile Creek, Macassar Creek and the reclaimed mud ponds.

The major malaria vector in the NT, Anopheles farauti s.l., was most commonly detected in the Rear Jasper and Buffalo Creek trap sites. Both of these trap sites are in close proximity to residential areas in Nhulunbuy, with subsequent risks of local malaria transmission if imported malaria cases occur in the town, especially during this species’ peak abundance period from March to June.

5.5.4 Larval survey and control program

Dave Suter from Arnhem Land Pest Control (ALPC) carries out larval surveys in liaison with ME. High tides (> 2.9-3.0 m) or appreciable rainfall (in excess of 25 mm in 24 hrs) determine the need for larval surveys. Breeding sites are inspected about 2-3 days after rain or high tide events. Larval surveys are limited to areas accessible during the wet season. Some parts of the Western mudflats become inaccessible during the wet season and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the Special Lease 270 are only accessible from the edges. Larval control with Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (B.t.i) is therefore limited to the areas that can be controlled by all terrain vehicle spray equipment.

5.5.4.1 Larval control

Larval control is carried out by ALPC usually using B.t.i liquid when using spray equipment. All terrain vehicles are used to enable more effective larval control operations, particularly at large sites where control is difficult.

S-methoprene briquettes are periodically used for larval control at Crocodile Creek, Buffalo Creek, SPL270, the Western Mudflats and around the margins of Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the top of Freshwater Creek.

Although larval survey and control operations target known Ae. vigilax breeding sites, it is possible that some breeding sites remain undetected. Some areas around the Gove Peninsular can be inaccessible during the wet season, thus hindering larval surveys and control operations at these sites.

The Nhulunbuy Corporation also organises weedicide of Typha reeds in the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, which contributes to the reduction of mosquito breeding habitats for Cx. annulirostris, Ma. uniformis and Cq. xanthogaster.

In 2011/12, the Nhulunbuy Corporation temporarily suspended the mosquito control program due to a program revision. Due to the temporary suspension of control

operations, Ae. vigilax numbers increased dramatically during the wet season, leading to control operations being resumed.



In 2011/12, 14 cases of RRV disease (Table 7) and one case of BFV disease were recorded in the East Arnhem region (Table 8), with 12 RRV disease cases recorded in Nhulunbuy.


The NT sentinel chicken program is designed to detect flavivirus activity, such as Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV), as well as exotic flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus.

In 2011/12, the sentinel chickens in Nhulunbuy were bled on eight occasions, with five seroconverions to KUN in April 2012 (Table 13). Generally, MVEV and KUNV activity in Nhulunbuy is relatively low, with most seroconversions occurring in the period January – June (Table 14). There has only been one recorded case of MVEV disease in the East Arnhem region over the last 30 years, which was in 1981 on Groote Eylandt (Table 11).


An ongoing dry season drain maintenance program is required to ensure the free flow of water in the Nhulunbuy drains, to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce the risk of arbovirus borne disease. In particular, the drains around the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, Nhulunbuy Golf Course and Contractors Village need ongoing maintenance. This should include weediciding to remove vegetation, filling of depressions to prevent pooling, re-engineering where the inverts are at the incorrect level, lining certain areas with rock baskets or concrete, and maintaining the batter to improve water flow and reduce erosion. It is recommended that this program be carried out by Nhulunbuy Corporation in liaison with ME and ALPC, with guidance on the most effective methods of preventing mosquito breeding in town drains.

ME recommends ongoing maintenance of all fogging tracks during the dry season. These tracks are subject to damage and erosion during the wet season, and if not regularly maintained, can restrict vehicular access, and therefore the overall effectiveness of adult control operations.

ME recommends regular exotic vector surveys in Nhulunbuy. The presence of IFFV's, and the increased shipping traffic from South East Asia due to the refinery expansion increases the risk of an exotic vector incursion at this location.

Regular reviews and assessments of larval control operations are needed to ensure that all Ae. vigilax control operations are being carried out in all areas within the three to four days after tides or rain events. The strategy of methoprene briquettes use offers greater flexibility and greater certainty in controlling unpredicted hatches of Ae. vigilax.

5.6 Katherine

5.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine

Mosquito species recorded in Katherine in 2011/12 are shown in Table 24.

No new species were detected in Katherine in 2011/12.



There were five mosquito adult monitoring sites located in Katherine in 2011/12. Three of these sites, the Brigalow Farm (Dairy Dam), Meatworks and the Sewage Ponds are routine trap sites, while the trap at O’Keefe House is set to monitor for receptacle breeding mosquitoes, and the Hickey’s Lake trap to monitor mosquito numbers following heavy rainfall and inundation of the area (Fig. 7). The Hickey’s Lake trap was not set in 2011/12, as the area was not sufficiently flooded during the wet season to warrant trapping.

Due to the revision of the Katherine program in 2010, adult mosquito trapping was only carried out by Environmental Health Officers between November 2011 and April 2012 inclusive. The results of the ME identification of adult mosquitoes are forwarded to the DoH Environmental Health Officers in Katherine, who then coordinate mosquito control with the local Katherine Council or other landholders.


The average number of adult mosquitoes of all species per trap night collected from the three continuous routine adult monitoring sites in 2011/12 (184.32) was the highest since 2005/06 (326.46), due to very high numbers of Aedes normanensis and Anopheles amictus (Table 26).


No rainfall data was available for Katherine between July 2011 and mid January 2012. However, a total of 501.4 mm was recorded between 25th January and the end of June, with 126.9 mm and 238.1mm recorded in February and March 2012 respectively (data obtained from Bureau of Meteorology).

The adult mosquito monitoring results showed that in 2011/12 mosquito numbers were relatively high compared to previous years (Table 27), with the number of Anopheles amictus (2458) collected at the sewage ponds being the highest since

trapping began. The only other years that high numbers of this species were collected were 1989 and 1990 (Table 26). This species breeds in bare or vegetated shallow water and indicates either breeding in the evaporation ponds area, or in remnant pools in the levee area along the Katherine River. Increased numbers of Aedes normanensis (626) at the Meatworks also contributed to this year’s high average (Table 25).


In 2011/12 the Katherine Sewage Ponds was again the most prolific trapping site of all the routine monitoring sites, with 56.59% of the total catch, followed by the Meatworks with 21.04% (Table 25). This site and the nearby river needs to be assessed for potential breeding sites next year.

5.6.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program

5.6.3.1 Larval monitoring program

A larval survey of selected Katherine storm water drains was carried out on 5th October 2011. The drains surveyed included the Lockheed, Ronan Crt, Martin Crescent, Acacia, Casuarina Park, Wallice Crt and Lindsey St drains. All drains required vegetation removal, and the Lockheed, Ronan Crt and Martin Crescent drains also required engineering measures to be carried out.

5.6.3.2 Larval mosquito numbers

In 2011/12 no larval mosquito specimens were sent to ME for identification.

5.6.3.3 Breeding sites

In 2011/12 no detailed information on mosquito breeding was received by ME. However, during the drain survey carried out on October 2011 drains requiring maintenance were identified by EH Katherine, and correspondence was sent to DLP and the Katherine Town Council (see section 5.6.3.1).

5.6.3.4 Larval control

In Katherine, larval mosquito control is the responsibility of the local council or other landholders. If mosquito control operations are required, the local council or landholders are notified by the Katherine EHO and control options are discussed. The local EHO usually receives feedback on control carried out from the local council.

Larval control was carried out by the Katherine Town Council following the drain survey conducted in October 2011.



RRV disease cases in Katherine coincide with high rainfall and the start of the increase in Cx. annulirostris numbers (Figs 15 and 16). November through to March is the highest risk period for RRV disease. There were 23 RRV disease cases reported in the Katherine region in 2011/12, compared to 30 cases in 2010/11 (Table 9). Eleven of the cases were reported in Katherine town (Fig. 15). The highest number of cases (6) were recorded in January 2012, but 3 cases were also recorded in April and 4 in May (Table 7). The cases occurring in the early dry season might have been due to the high rainfall (283 mm) in March 2012 causing increased numbers of Cx. annulirostris.

There were two cases of BFV disease reported in the Katherine region in 2011/12, the lowest since 2002/03 (Table 10), with both of those cases reported in Katherine town.


Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of MVEV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2011/12 are summarised in Tables 13 - 15. The highest risk period for MVEV disease in Katherine is March to May (Table 12). The Katherine chicken flocks were bled eleven times with a total of 117 chickens bled. There were two seroconversions to MVEV in January 2012 but no MVE cases were recorded in the Katherine region (Table 13).

5.6.5 Visits or surveys by ME

ME did not visit Katherine in 2011/12.

5.6.6 Engineering measures

In October 2011, ME recommended engineering measures to be carried out in some of the Katherine storm water drains (see section 5.6.3.1). The DLP advised that re-contouring of the drains was an issue due to the current drain levels. However, DLP carried out vegetation removal in the drains, and advised that the department is currently investigating long term maintenance strategies for all Katherine drains under their responsibility.


As mentioned in previous years, improvements in post flood drainage are needed to both reduce the extent of the flooding and the extent of flooded areas requiring mosquito larval control. The drainage improvements would enable sooner access to certain areas and ensure floodwaters drained much sooner after flooding (see ME annual report 2005/06).

An ongoing drain maintenance program is required to ensure the free flow of water in the Katherine storm water drains, to prevent mosquito breeding and

to reduce the risk of arbovirus borne disease. The major drains under the Katherine Town Council responsibility that need to be included in the program are the Third Street, Acacia and the New subdivision drains. Drains under the Department of Lands Planning responsibility to be included are the Lockheed, De Julia, Ronan Court and Martin Crescent drains.

For Brigalow Farm, ME recommends ongoing maintenance, including removal of all vegetation on the dam walls and in the base of the first dam and the trenches, to provide access to all sites for mosquito monitoring, and to reduce mosquito breeding. Vegetation can be removed by aerial or ground weediciding using Glyphosate (Roundup) as the weedicide of choice. Maintenance such as vegetation removal and weediciding of both drains and dams should be carried out on an annual basis.

5.7 Tennant Creek

5.7.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek

Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek in 2011/12 are shown in Table 28. Aedes aegypti was found in November 2011, and an immediate elimination project was commenced.



The routine adult mosquito monitoring in Tennant Creek is only conducted during the wet season. In 2011/12 no routine trapping was carried out due to the incursion of Ae. aegypti in Tennant Creek and the increase in trapping under the project (see section 4).

5.7.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program

In Tennant Creek, routine larval survey and control activities are carried out by the local EHO after appreciable rainfall. The sewage evaporation ponds were treated with s-methoprene pellets in the 2011/12 wet season. Selected drains were surveyed and treated with s-methoprene on a monthly basis during the wet season.



RRV disease cases in Tennant Creek are usually associated with high summer rainfall (November to March) due to the higher number of Cx. annulirostris. In 2011/12 only one RRV cases was recorded in the Barkly region (Tennant Creek town) in November 2011 (Table 7).

No BFV disease cases were recorded in 2011/12 (Table 8).


Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of MVEV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2011/12 are summarised in Tables 13 - 15. The risk period for MVEV disease in Tennant Creek is from February to May, with a correlation with the highest rainfall and the highest Cx. annulirostris numbers. No seroconversions to MVEV or KUN were recorded in 2011/12, but it needs to be noted that the chickens were only bled on three occasions (Table 13) due to transport issues of new chickens to Tennant Creek.


An Aedes aegypti elimination project was started in November 2011. Since then DoH staff and volunteers have been visiting Tennant Creek 15 times, for one week at a time (Table 37). For details see section 4.


In 2011/12, major engineering works were carried out in Tennant Creek, based on recommendations made by ME in previous years. The works were initiated by the Tennant Creek EHO, and in liaison with ME.

Rectification of the sewage evaporation ponds and surrounding drainage areas have long been recommended by ME. With funding now available, the evaporation pond was cleared and graded in October 2011 following discussions between EH and PWC, and a drainage pipe has been installed. In addition, the surrounding poorly draining area north and north west of the ponds was also deep ripped and graded to provide appropriate drainage.

Major engineering measures were also carried out at the Tennant Creek dump, with grading of the dump face, and the establishment of drainage channels, connected to holding basins at the bottom of the dump face.

In addition, major works for a total of approximately $191,106 were carried out by DCI in the Tennant Creek storm water system, including;

Removal of silt, vegetation and rubbish from main drain between Paterson St and Limonite Street footbridge.

Excavation and cleaning of the main OUD at Weaber Rd to flood out area w/ supply of rock spalls for erosion protection at drop structure.

Cleaning of outfall Drains (Kathleen St, Meyers St and Whippet St) to allow flow to main OUD.

Cleaning of silt and removal of excessive vegetation and reed growth from drain adjacent to Paterson St (behind green fence, running from Standley St to Fazaldeen Rd).

Removal of excess silt and grading of Hobby Farm drain between north and south entrance to Hobby Farm area.

Extension of Hobby Farm drain along Stuart Hwy to allow full flow away from Hobby Farms during flooding.

Reconstruct spillway drain just south of Hobby Farm south entrance to allow flow to the west of main drain in high flow events.

Excavation and cleaning of large catchment drain and adjoining outfall drain at western end of Standley St.

Cleaning of silt and removal of vegetation at drain behind United Service Station from Stuart Hwy to spillway where drain meets main OUD at Blain St.

Cleaning of main drain from existing flex-mat south of Staunton St to main OUD drop structure.

Excavation of end of drain at western end of Standley St opposite the Power Station to allow ponding water to flow out freely into flood out area.

Excavation of Standley St sub-soil drain to minimize ponding at pipe outlet and supply of rock spalls for erosion protection behind heavily scoured headwall.


An ongoing storm water drain maintenance program is required in Tennant Creek, with maintenance required by DLP and the Tennant Creek Town Council, to prevent mosquito breeding and to prevent mosquito borne disease. Drain maintenance should be carried out before each wet season to ensure adequate water flow.

Ongoing sewage ponds maintenance, including weediciding, is required at

the Tennant Creek Sewage Treatment Plant, to prevent mosquito breeding. Weediciding should be carried out on an annual basis before each wet season. If mosquito breeding occurs in the evaporation ponds, the ponds should be treated with s-methoprene pellets or briquettes.

Existing depressions on the lower dump face need to be drained and a suitable steep sided basin constructed that can hold the water at the base of the dump.

5.7.8 Work carried out in other Barkly communities

In 2011/12, a comprehensive septic system survey was carried out by the Tennant Creek EHO in Ampilatwatja, with 45 septics treated with s-methoprene briquettes, unserviceable units removed, and 6 systems replaced. At Epenarra, 13 septics were treated, and at Imimgara (Murray Downs) 19 septics were treated.

In Ali Curung, 68 septics were treated, and the sewage ponds were twice inspected and treated for mosquito breeding. A drain survey was also carried out and drains were treated with s-methoprene. The swamp located adjacent to Ali Curung was also surveyed, but no mosquito breeding was found.

In Elliott, 46 septics were treated, and monthly drain surveys carried out. All the above communities will be inspected on an annual basis by Environmental Health DoH, the Department of Housing and the Barkly Shire as part of the Territory 2030 Strategic Plan.

5.8 Alice Springs

5.8.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs

Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs in 2011/12 are shown in Table 32.



There are six regular mosquito monitoring sites located in Alice Springs, with CO2 baited EVS traps set and collected on a weekly basis by the Alice Springs Environmental Health Officer (Fig. 9). ME carries out the identifications and forwards the results and suggestions for control to the Environmental Health Officer, who then coordinates mosquito control.


Average number of female adult mosquitoes per trap night (17.84) collected in the continuous adult mosquito monitoring traps in 2011/12 were a lot lower compared to the previous year (52.98) (149.28) (Table 34). The lower average number of mosquitoes was due to less total rainfall in 2011/12 (201mm) compared to 2010/11 (671mm).

The prevalent species caught during 2011/12 in all monitoring traps was Culex annulirostris comprising 65.71 % of the total mosquitoes trapped, followed by Cx. australicus with 9.97% (Table 33).


The total rainfall for Alice Springs in 2011/12 was 201.4mm, compared to 670.6mm in 2010/11. Most of the rainfall occurred in February and March 2012, with 44.4mm and 41.2mm recorded respectively (data obtained from Bureau of Meteorology) (Fig. 15). Due to the lower rainfall compared to 2010/11, Cx. annulirostris adult numbers remained low in all monitoring traps, with an average of 11.99 per trap per night in 2011/12 (Table 34) compared to 35.67 in 2010/11.


In 2011/12, Ilparpa Swamp A was the most prolific collection site in, with 39.61% of the total catch, followed by Ilparpa Swamp B (29.95%) and Greatorex Road (17.22) (Table 33).

In 2011/12, high numbers of adult Cx. quinquefasciatus were again detected in the Bloomfield Street trap (Table 33). High numbers of this species in the Bloomfield Street trap has also been observed in previous years. Numbers of this species are generally underestimated by adult CO2 baited EVS traps. This means that even though numbers seem to be low, there is likely to have been an appreciable pest problem nearby. The breeding source, a collapsed section of the pipe, was successfully located by ME staff during a storm water drain inspection in September 2006, and recommendations for rectification were made to DLP on numerous occasions. The drain section remains unrectified.

5.8.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program


In 2011/12, larval surveys were conducted on four occasions between January and May 2012 in Ilparpa Swamp. The program is carried out by the Alice Springs Environmental Health Officer. Species found included Cx. australicus, Cx. annulirostris, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. annulipes.

5.8.3.2 Larval mosquito numbers

In 2011/12 Culex species mosquitoes were detected breeding in the drainage channel close to the Ilparpa Swamp B trap, the EP7 outlet and the PWC tree plantation.

5.8.3.3 Breeding sites

No regular mosquito larval control is carried out in the Ilparpa Swamp due to the size (approximately 100 ha) and inaccessibility of the swamp, and the lack of local aerial control equipment. When adult vector mosquito numbers exceed indicator thresholds in the routine adult mosquito monitoring traps, adult fogging operations are conducted around the swamp margins using ULV equipment mounted on a vehicle. It is recognised that this method of control is not very effective, due to the wide extent of the swamp and the dense vegetation. However, it can have an effect on average longevity of vectors, which may tip the balance to reduce vector borne disease transmission.

However, mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp can also be reduced through controlled effluent release from the sewage ponds into the swamp. The timing and location of effluent release is crucial to reduce the availability of potential breeding habitat. ME recommends effluent release into the swamp A area (eastern end) through the EP7 outlet pipe, as this greatly reduces the swamp area available for mosquito breeding. In an emergency, effluent might also be released into the swamp B area (western end). To allow summer rain and related effluent flows to be retained in the ponds, effluent discharge should occur during autumn and winter (between May and August) and early to mid spring. Effluent should not be released after the end of October if possible, to allow the swamps to dry up before summer rain and higher temperatures promote the breeding of Cx. annulirostris. If released in summer, it should be pulse released, with a few days release followed by a spell of enough

days to let all or most of the released water evaporate, infiltrate or drain via the Ilparpa outlet drains. The year PWC managed the effluent release extremely well in relation to preventing pooling, and thus was a large contributor to the low numbers of Cx. annulirostris near the Ilparpa Swamp.



High summer rainfall (Dec – Feb) is likely to result in localised flooding and pooling that creates breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris, the main vector for RRV disease in Alice Springs. In 2011/12, the average number of Cx. annulirostris between December and March was 15.34 and the accumulated rainfall between December and February was 75.2mm. The ME predictive models for MVE and RRV indicated that this amount of rain would not lead to an outbreak of MVE or RRV.

In 2011/12, 8 RRV disease cases were reported in Alice Springs (Fig. 16) compared to 21 in 2010/11.

There were three cases of BFV disease reported in Alice Springs in 2011/12, which was the same as in 2010/11.


The highest risk period for mosquito borne disease in the Alice Springs region is between January and May when Cx. annulirostris numbers are highest due to high summer rainfall (Fig. 16). MVEV seroconversions of sentinel chicken flocks occur in Alice Springs primarily between February and June (Table 14). During this time there has been historically an increased potential risk of a MVEV disease outbreak. However, since the Ilparpa Swamp was drained in 2001 there has been very little MVE activity in the Alice Springs area. No sentinel chickens seroconverted to MVEV or KUN in Alice Springs in 2011/12 (Table 13). No MVE virus cases were reported in Alice Springs.


Medical Entomology visited Alice Springs in January 2011/12 and carried out an inspection of the Ilparpa Swamp and the nearby sewage treatment plant.


No specific engineering measures were carried out in Alice Springs in 2011/12.


The majority of the Alice Springs storm water drains have often been found in poor condition during inspections by ME and EH staff. To prevent mosquito

breeding in those drains, an ongoing drain maintenance program as outlined in the draft Alice Springs mosquito management plan is required, with silt or vegetation removal or rectification to be carried out before each wet season. Drain re-construction is also required for some of the drains outlined in the Alice Springs stormwater drain assessment report.

The Alice Springs mosquito management plan was finalised in 2011/12. However, due to staff changes in the Minister’s Office, the management plan has not been submitted again. The plan needs to be submitted and accepted by all stakeholders to formalise mosquito management responsibilities in Alice Springs.

In 2009, the storm water drain running along the back of the Old Timers, was identified as a major breeding source of Cx. quinquefasciatus for this site. Rectification works need to be carried out, as the drain continues to be a source of mosquito breeding.

The Ilparpa Swamp outlet drain maintenance issue needs to be resolved as part of the Alice Springs mosquito management plan in liaison with DLP and PWC in order to keep the drain functional to reduce mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp. The outlet finger drains should be enhanced to provide better drainage of the Ilparpa Swamp A area. The main outlet drain to St. Mary’s Creek needs to be weedicided or to have silt removed on a regular basis before the summer months to improve flow. In December 2011, PWC carried out vegetation removal in the OUD, which led to efficient drainage, and reduced the potential for mosquito breeding.

6 MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

6.1 Ross River virus disease RRV disease is the most common arbovirus (arthropod borne) disease in the NT. The virus is in the alphavirus family. The major vectors for RRV in the coastal areas of the Top End are Aedes vigilax and Culex annulirostris, with Cx. annulirostris and Ae. normanensis the probable main vectors in sub-coastal and inland areas. Aedes normanensis commonly occurs sub-coastally south of Darwin to around the Tennant Creek area. It has previously been collected in Alice Springs but is relatively uncommon south of Tennant Creek.

The isolation of RRV from the domestic receptacle breeding mosquito Ae. notoscriptus was first documented in the NT and later in Queensland and New South Wales (Russell 2002). Information on its vector competence indicates that this species may play a minor part as an urban vector of RRV, with this occurring in situations where Ae. notoscriptus numbers are relatively high and RRV disease cases are present.

In 2011/12 there were (222) laboratory identified cases of RRV in the NT (Table 7), which was similar to the 262 cases reported in 2010/11 (Table 9). Most (176) cases were recorded in the Darwin region, which was less than in 2010/11 (190) (Table 9). Most cases occurred in January across the NT, with January also having the highest number of cases in the Darwin, East Arnhem and Katherine regions (Table 7). Relatively high numbers of cases occurred each month from December to May (Table 7).

There were also appreciably less cases in the Alice Springs region (8 this year vs 24 last year and 35 in 2009/10), a few less in the Katherine region (23 this year vs 30 last year), while the East Arnhem and the Barkley region were similar to last year (14 vs 12) and (1 vs 6) (Table 9).

In the Darwin region there were 70 cases reported in urban Darwin, 52 in rural Darwin (Litchfield Shire) and 42 in Palmerston. This represents an attack rate (cases per 100,000 population) of 87 in Darwin urban (population: 80229), 143 in Palmerston (population: 29208) and 264 in rural Darwin (population: 19625). Population figures are based on Australian Bureau of Statistic figures from June 2012.

The lower rate in urban Darwin is in spite of the very productive and extensive Leanyer/Holmes Jungle swamp systems and other mosquito breeding sites around the other suburban areas, and reflects the success of the aerial larval mosquito control program in those swamps.

Although there is only limited mosquito control carried out around Palmerston, the Palmerston attack rate reflects the benefits of being in an area more remote from extensive mosquito breeding areas, and a well planned area in relation to urban design and drainage.

The high attack rate in the rural area compared with the urban area of Darwin and Palmerston reflects the closeness of the various rural areas to mosquito breeding sites, the more open style of houses, the more outdoor habits of rural people, and the lack of any organised mosquito control program in rural areas. It also indicates the magnitude of the reduced number of cases in urban Darwin that can be attributed to the Darwin urban mosquito control strategies by DoH.

6.2 Barmah Forest virus disease BFV disease is the second most common arbovirus disease in the NT. The symptoms of this disease are similar to RRV disease but are milder and of shorter duration. The isolation of BFV from Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris and Ae. normanensis in the NT indicates that these species are the probable vectors in the NT. The isolation of BFV from Ae. vigilax in Gove in the NT during the first recorded outbreak of BFV disease indicates that this species is probably the principal vector in coastal areas of the NT. The recent vector competence work on Ae. notoscriptus indicates

that this species may also be involved as an urban vector of BFV disease under certain circumstances. Interstate, Verrallina funerea has also been implicated as a possible vector, and this species is common in certain local coastal areas in the NT during the wet season.

There were 52 laboratory notified cases of BFV disease in the NT in 2011/12 (Tables 8 and 10). Most cases (45) occurred in the Darwin region, with peaks in January and May 2012 (Tables 8) with less seasonal occurance compared with RRV. The cases in May were probably due to Cx. annulirostris acting as a vector.

6.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease MVEV disease is a potentially fatal disease caused by infection with the flavivirus MVEV. The vector of MVEV in the NT is thought to be primarily Cx. annulirostris, with Cx. palpalis possibly involved near large coastal swamp areas associated with the larger rivers.

No MVE disease cases were recorded in the NT in 2011/12 (Table 11).

6.4 Kunjin virus disease KUNV is another member of the flavivirus family. Human cases and seroconversions in sentinel chickens occur periodically throughout mainland Australia and are commonly recorded in the NT and the north west of Western Australia. KUNV causes an illness characterised by fever and severe headache and usually has much less severe symptoms than MVEV disease, with encephalitis a rare occurrence. The vector for KUNV in the NT is thought to be primarily Cx. annulirostris.

No KUNV disease cases were recorded in the NT in 2011/12 (Table 11).

7 ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH

7.1 Sentinel Chicken Program The sentinel chicken program in the NT is part of a national program involving the NT, WA, NSW and VIC and is designed to detect flavivirus activity (including the endemic arboviruses MVEV and KUNV, as well as exotic arboviruses such as JE (Broome et al. 2001)). The current NT program commenced in January 1992 and replaced an earlier program run by Commonwealth Quarantine (DAFF BIOSECURITY). Sentinel chicken flocks in the NT are maintained, bled and analysed for flavivirus in a combined program between the DoH, the virology laboratories of DPIF and volunteers.

Sentinel chicken flocks are located at Leanyer, Howard Springs, Coastal Plains Research Station (CPRS), Katherine, Nhulunbuy, Tennant Creek, Jabiru, Alice Springs (2), Nathan River and Alyangula (Fig. 21). DPIF officers or volunteers usually bleed flocks once a month and the samples are tested for MVEV and KUNV. When

chickens from a flock show new antibodies to MVEV during a prime risk period, a media warning is issued for the general area or the region for the risk period. These warnings advise residents of the need to take added precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

Chickens are replaced at least annually, and more frequently if birds die or a large proportion seroconvert. They are well positioned to detect flavivirus activity near the principal towns of the NT and hence provide timely and accurate indication of risk to people in those towns.

In February 2012, the NT sentinel chicken program was revised, and the Jabiru, the Ilparpa Swamp and the Alyangula flock were terminated. The Jabiru flock was terminated due to difficulty in regular bleeding. The Alyangula flock was terminated, as no seroconversions to MVE have occurred, most likely due to the ecology in the area not being favourable for the MVE virus. The Ilparpa Swamp flock was discontinued due to sufficient data being available from the AZRI flock. In addition, it was decided to only bleed the chickens during the highest MVE risk period between December and June inclusive.

In the 2011/12 season, MVEV activity was only detected in the Katherine region, with seroconversions in Katherine in January and in Nathan River in January and February 2012 (Table 13).

Kunjin virus activity was detected in the Nhulunbuy flock in April 2012 and in Nathan River in January 2012 (Table 13).

7.2 Virus Isolation Program Patients with possible arbovirus illness who are negative in the specific tests for the alphaviruses RR virus and BF virus or the flaviviruses MVE and Kunjin could be further tested for a range of viruses including the bunyaviruses (Gan Gan and Trubanaman), the other flaviviruses (Edge Hill and Kokobera), and the other alphavirus Sindbis. The prevalence of antibodies to these viruses has not been recently established in the NT human population. There are reports of a number of arbovirus-like illnesses that are negative for the more routinely tested arboviruses. More information on case data and requests for specific testing by general practitioners for the lesser known arboviruses known to occur in the NT may shed light on some of these viral illnesses. When indications of viral transmissions are detected, ME will target specific areas for arbovirus isolation to determine what arboviruses are circulating and what the possible vectors are.

In 2011/12 no mosquito trapping for virus isolation was carried out.

8 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE

8.1 Case data People diagnosed with malaria in Darwin are likely to report to medical practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid detection, treatment and reporting of the case, and allowing for timely entomological investigations. A delay in the detection of a case can delay the epidemiological and entomological investigations. This delay means a less accurate measure of vector presence and abundance at the case residence during the time when the case was or may have been infective to local Anopheles. The epidemiological and entomological information is used to determine if further action is required. Delays in detection of cases after a first fever potentially allow the parasite to develop sexual stages in the blood of the patient, which can then be transmitted to local vector Anopheles mosquitoes.

The number of malaria cases imported into the NT each year is variable and is related to the volume, travel destinations, time of year and the malaria situation in the various countries visited by travellers. The area north of the 19 parallel (just north of Tennant Creek) is regarded as the area receptive to malaria reintroduction in the NT, but transmission can occur throughout the whole of the Territory during summer.

There were 16 cases of imported malaria in the NT in 2011/12 reported to CDC, which is similar to last year (17). All of the malaria cases were recorded in the Darwin region (Table 37). None of the cases were assessed as requiring an entomological investigation.

In 2011/12, there were no malaria cases originating from Indonesia, primarily due to the continuing declining trend in foreign fishers being intercepted in Australian waters. Intercepted vessels are now often towed to Christmas Island, and fisher persons are detained and processed there.

Eleven malaria cases originated from Africa and one from PNG, West Papua, East Timor, India and Iran.

The main parasite detected in imported malaria cases in the NT was Plasmodium vivax, accounting for fourteen cases, with P. falciparum, accounting for two cases (Tables 37).

9 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS

9.1 Development comments Routine planning and development responses have recently been devolved from the central Environmental Health Directorate to regional Environmental Health Offices. Each region is responsible for a coordinated DoH response to the Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DPI) for planning developments in that region. Each

region submits planning proposals to ME for comment when there are potential biting insect problems, or for the larger urban and rural residential developments. The urban and rural residential development planning process in Darwin usually requires a ME officer to evaluate or approve certain aspects such as drainage construction before title to the land is issued.

For larger projects such as Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Preliminary Environmental Reports (PER), where specific advice on biting insects is sought at an early planning stage (Notice of Intent), ME continues to deal with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the proponent.

Routine planning applications for the Darwin region in 2011/12 generally covered the Darwin, Palmerston and Darwin rural districts, with comment on major mining projects in the Katherine and Roper regions. Major projects requiring Medical Entomology input included the new Palmerston suburbs of Zuccoli, Johnston and Durack Heights, with development for each suburb likely to continue for several more years. In Darwin urban, the new northern suburb of Muirhead has required ongoing input from Medical Entomology, and will for at least 2 or 3 more years according to development schedules. Major industrial/mine projects include the Inpex Gas Plant and associated construction village at Howard Springs, the Mt Todd Gold Mine, and the two Roper River Iron Ore Mine projects. These projects have required continuing Medical Entomology input at the Environmental Assessment phase and Biting Insect Management Plan phase of the developments. Medical Entomology has also provided detailed advice to DLP regarding the proposed Karama North urban residential development.

9.2 Development investigations

9.2.1 Mount Todd Gold Mine

Vista Gold plan to reopen the Mount Todd Gold Mine, 35km north of Katherine off Edith Falls Road. Biting insect trapping began at the existing Mount Todd Gold Mine in January 2012, with monthly trapping to continue until January 2013. Trapping is carried out by Vista Gold environmental officers, with trap catches sent to the Medical Entomology for identification. Three field visits have been carried out, in February, May and June 2012. The latter two surveys were part of an exotic mosquito survey (See Section 10).

Trap results to date have revealed that Aedes normanensis is likely to be the most important pest mosquito at the mine site during the wet season, with periodic high numbers occurring after heavy rainfall events. Other mosquito species have only been recorded in low to moderate numbers.

Localised mosquito breeding site were located at the mine site, which included remnant sediment ponds from previous mining, floodways associated with creeklines, and localised depressions caused by disturbance. Pre-existing septic tanks were also potential mosquito breeding sites due to damaged tank lids. The two large water dams (Morris Dam and Raw Water Dam) were also mosquito breeding sites in localised shallow vegetated sections.

Baseline trapping revealed the presence of the new mosquito species tentatively named as Culex species near bitaeniorhynchus at Mount Todd Gold Mine, with surveys conducted by Medical Entomology to locate their breeding sites (see section 10). This species was recorded from Darwin urban in 2010/11 in traps set near the airport, but not in 2011/12. To date, the breeding sites for this mosquito have yet to be located.

9.2.2 Roper Bar Iron Ore Mine

Western Desert Resources plan to open an iron ore mine in the Roper River area, 40km from the Gulf of Carpentaria and 210km east of Mataranka. Iron Ore is proposed to be transported 140km southeast to the McArthur River Mine operated Bing Bong Port for export.

Biting Insect trapping commenced in early February 2012, with traps set by EcOz Environmental Services officers when they visit the site, and trap catches delivered to Medical Entomology. Periodic trapping will be conducted by EcOz environmental officers until January 2013, whenever possible but specifically to determine dry season peaks, salt marsh mosquito peaks in late October/November, and mid wet season peak in mid to late January.

Preliminary results indicate at least moderate Aedes normanensis and low Cx. annulirostris problems occur at the mine site during the mid to late wet season. Aerial photography analysis suggests Ae. normanensis problems could reach high levels during the wet season, while moderate to high salt marsh mosquito problems could occur in the late dry/early wet season. Other problems, including a severe Ae. vigilax pest problem will occur at Bing Bong port.

9.2.3 Karama North

The Department of Lands and Planning (DLP) are investigating the potential for urban development in Karama North, in the vacant parcel between the existing Karama suburb and Shoal Bay Dump. Medical Entomology was commissioned by DLP to conduct detailed biting insect investigations to determine biting insect levels and breeding sites affecting the proposed development site.

The current detailed trapping, and over 20 years of routine trapping in and nearby to the proposed development site have indicated high mosquito levels in the area, with the major breeding site being the Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp. The proposed development site is within the recorded 1.6km urban development mosquito buffer from the Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp, and so is likely to be a site of periodic mosquito pest problems and have a relatively high potential for mosquito borne disease.

9.2.4 Weddell

In 2011/12 all mosquito and biting midge samples from trapping carried out in 2011 were identified. A comprehensive report will be available in 2013.

10 MOSQUITO FIELD SURVEYS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

In 2011/12, the dengue mosquito was found in Tennant Creek. An Aedes aegypti elimination project was started immediately to eliminate the dengue mosquito from the NT (for details see section 4). As part of the project, exotic vector surveys were carried out in Katherine in November 2011and along the Stuart Highway, north and south of Tennant Creek (see section 4). In addition, exotic vector surveys were carried out in Jabiru in January 2012, and in Batchelor, Hayes Creek, Pine Creek and Tindal (RAAF) in April 2012.

In May 2011, an unknown mosquito was collected in a routine Darwin adult monitoring trap set near Marrara swamp and was tentatively identified as the exotic Culex cornutus. In April 2012, additional specimens were collected at Mt. Todd. Genetic analyses showed that this species is currently unknown but is most closely related to the endemic Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus. More surveys to collect larvae of this species for taxonomic purposes were carried out at Mt Todd in May and June 2012 but were unsuccessful. Further investigations will be carried out in 2013 to verify if the Culex species is still present, and to determine its possible origin.

11 MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING

11.1 Mosquito awareness campaign A mosquito awareness campaign was conducted this year, included self-protection and mosquito borne disease awareness through newspapers and radio interviews.

Various interviews were given during periods of high mosquito numbers or potential disease situations in various towns. DoH issued a total of 16 biting insect related press releases, including warnings for MVEV, KUNV, RRV and dengue disease risks, high numbers of pest biting midges, and dengue mosquito related activities in Tennant Creek.

11.2 ME training In 2011/12, ME staff attended seven different training courses, including a ChemCert course, a defensive driving course, an intermediate Excel course, First Aid, a dog awareness course (Bark Busters), a recruitment course, and the Mandurah WA mosquito course.

12 PUBLIC ENQUIRIES

A total of 76 public enquiries were recorded in 2011/12, with 28 enquiries coming from the public, 28 from the government, 17 from businesses and two from the media. The majority of public enquiries were regarding planning issues (12), which reflected the increase in development activity, particularly in the Darwin region. Enquiries relating to mosquito issues other than complaints or control (12) were the joint top enquiry type. There were seven mosquito complaints, down from the 31

complaints last year. This reflected the reduced salt marsh mosquito numbers that were experienced in Darwin urban, with only four complaints from Darwin urban in 2011/12 compared to 26 the previous year.

Other public enquiries in 2011/12 included those related to mosquito control advice (7), biting midges (4), caterpillars (2), flies/maggots (2), spiders (1), biting insects other than mosquitoes and midges (8), and identification of non biting insects (3).

13 COMMITTEES AND ADVISORY GROUPS

13.1 National Arbovirus And Malaria Advisory Committee The National Arbovirus Advisory Committee (NAAC) was formed in September 2000 after the National Public Health Partnership formally agreed to form a technical advisory group to report to the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP) through the Communicable Disease Network of Australia (CDNA). This decision was in part a result of pressure from the Chief Health Officer (CHO) of the NT. The Committee includes Professor Bart Currie from Menzies and Peter Whelan from ME. In 2003 the National Arbovirus Advisory Committee was renamed the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee (NAMAC) to reflect and include aspects of malaria surveillance in Australia.

A number of NAMAC telephone conferences were held in 2011/12, and a face to face meeting in Canberra in May 2012. The main topics discussed were the Ae. albopictus project in the Torres Strait, research required on MVEV, the Wolbachia project to determine if Wolbachia infected dengue mosquitoes could reduce the dengue disease potential in Qld or overseas, exotic vectors and DAFF Biosecurity responsibilities, the status of JE vaccination in Australia, Biosecurity aircraft disinfection, Lyme disease, an Ae. aegypti importation into the Darwin port area, and the establishment of Ae. aegypti inTennant Creek.

The NAMAC makes recommendations to CDNA on surveillance models for arboviruses. It will also make recommendations on a Memorandum of Understanding between States, Territories and the Commonwealth, detailing co-operation in relation to arbovirus matters, including surveillance and control of exotic vectors, information dissemination and arbovirus disease response plans, as well as recommendations towards strategic approaches for arbovirus disease management and control. The NAMAC website is:

http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/nphp/workprog/cdna/

13.2 North Australian Health Ministers Vector Working Group

In 2011/12 no formal Northern Australian Health Ministers (NAHM) Vector Working Group face to face meeting took place. The three Medical Entomologists from the

NT, Qld and WA held informal discussions on northern Australian vector issues during a NAMAC conference, the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) meetings, and by email and telephone at various times as issues arose.

13.3 Technical Advisory Group – Aedes albopictus Eradication Program Torres Strait

The Ae. albopictus Eradication Project Technical Advisory Group (TAG) was formed in 2005 following the detection of Ae. albopictus in the Torres Strait in May 2005. The Director of ME is an invited member of the TAG. The role of the TAG is to advise the Manager of the Tropical Population Health Unit Network of technical aspects associated with the Queensland Health, Population Health Branch Ae. albopictus Eradication Project in Queensland. In addition, the role of the TAG is to review the activities of the Ae. albopictus Eradication Project, particularly following each wet season, and to advise on the appropriateness of such activities and make recommendations for improvements to the project. The TAG also reviews current information available on the distribution and control of Ae. albopictus and assists in the dissemination of this information to mosquito control agencies in Queensland.

TAG face to face meetings were held in Cairns in February and May 2012. Points of discussion included the status of Ae. albopictus on Horn and Thursday island and possible control and containment methods. To date this program has been successful in preventing the establishment of the mosquito on the mainland.

14 PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS

ME produced nine scientific publications including ones on the mosquito incursion in Tennant Creek, West Nile disease, anthropogenic ecological changes and impacts on mosquito breeding, habitat modification for mosquito control, mosquito borne disease in the NT, guidance on the use of rainwater tanks, an imported malaria investigation and adult mosquito trap sensitivity (Table 40).

In addition, ME produced the Mosquito Monitoring Program McArthur River Mine 2010/11 (Table 40).

A presentation on insect repellants was given at the CDC conference in Darwin in September 2011.

15 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS

Cataloguing and improving the medically important arthropods reference collections has continued this year. The reference collection is continually added to from each locality visited or as relevant specimens become available from the monitoring programs. The majority of the collection consists of mosquitoes and biting midges, but also includes other insects and arthropods of medical importance. This reference

collection is a very valuable resource and is the definitive collection of mosquitoes from the NT.

16 DATA MANAGEMENT

16.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System ME has a data collection system in the form of a Microsoft Access 2003 database. This database stores all insect specimen records and allows data to be retrieved and collated for trend analysis and report writing.

ME also utilises an access database for data management such as public enquiries, and for publication and report management, as well as to manage its electronic alpha and handout filing systems.

16.2 Geographic Information Systems ME has been developing a Geographical Information System (GIS) for all ME mosquito monitoring, survey and control programs. This system has been developed to aid recording, reporting and performing spatial analysis for mosquito breeding issues in the Northern Territory. It has continuously been applied to the Leanyer, Holmes Jungle, Micket Creek and Shoal Bay Swamp mosquito helicopter surveys. The system allows outputs in the form of maps of areas and the results of larval surveys.

During 2011/12 all aspects of the ME mosquito monitoring, survey and control programs were recorded, presented and managed through GIS, and the display of aerial control data using GIS and Base Camp, allowed analyses of the data in the field.

17 STAFF MATTERS

In 2011/12 ME professional and technical staff were periodically present in Tennant Creek between November 2011 and March 2012 following the detection of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti (see section 4). In addition, ME staff carried out a baseline study at Mt Todd and surveyed for Culex species near bitaenioryhnchus and conducted an exotic mosquito survey in Alyangula in April 2012.

The ME director attended a TAG meeting in February and May 2012, a NAMAC face to face meeting in May 2012, and attended Richard Russell’s Festschrift in Sydney in June 2012 with two other professional ME staff (Table 39).

Benjamin Maunder joint the ME team in April 2011 as a Technical Officer. Raelene Whitters (Data & Information Officer) transferred to another department in February 2012 and Renee McArthur (Administration Officer) left the ME team in May 2012. Gemma Farmer temporarily joined ME to provide administration support.

ME is a small but highly productive team, making a large and measurable contribution to the health and well being of the people of the NT. ME, together with other members of the DoH, other individuals, other government and local government departments, and other organisations who have assisted in the mosquito monitoring and control program, have once again made a significant contribution in preventing mosquito pest and disease problems in the NT.

Peter I. Whelan AM,

Director, Medical Entomology

and

Nina Kurucz, Operations Manager

Medical Entomology

November 2012

18 REFERENCES

Broom A, Whelan PI, Smith D, Lindsay M, Melville L, Bolisetty S, Wheaton G and Brown Alex (2001). An outbreak of Australian encephalitis in western Australia and central Australia (Northern Territory and South Australia) during the 2000 wet season. Arbovirus Research in Australia, Vol 8.

Montgomery B, Love B (1995). Nhulunbuy and Wallaby Beach mosquito investigation 20 - 23 March 1995. Department of Health and Community Services, Branch Report.

Russell RC (2002). Ross River virus: Ecology and distribution. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 1-31.

19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable contributions and ready assistance over the last year:

DoH Centre for Disease Control - in particular, Dr Vicki Krause, Dr Peter Markey, Lesley Scott, Kathleen Hocking, DaHye Baker and Kristie Sporn;

The Executive Director, Health Protection Division Barbara Paterson and support staff;

Medical Entomology staff, Jane Carter (Senior Technical Officer), Benjamin Maunder (Technical Officer), Jaana Wenham (Technical Officer), Nina Kurucz (Operations Manager), Huy Nguyen (Exotic Surveillance Officer), Renee McArthur (Administration Officer), Bill Pettit (Aedes aegypti Elimination Project Coordinator), Allan Warchot (Advice & Control Officer), Peter Whelan (Director), Raelene Whitters (Information & Data Officer) and Gemma Farmer (Administration Officer);

Menzies School of Health Research - Dr Bart Currie;

School of Environmental Health Research (CDU) – Susan Jacups;

DoH Alice Springs Environmental Health Officers - Fiona Smith and Ryan McLean;

DoH Darwin Urban Environmental Health Officers - including Barbara Klessa, Miranda Batten, Paul Csizmadia, , Josh Heath and Joshua Cufley;

DoH Environmental Health directorate -Xavier Schobben;

DoH Darwin Rural Environmental Health Officers – Michael Bethune, Michael Kinnaird;

DoH Katherine Environmental Health Officers – Simon Andriessen and Karla James;

DoH Transport - Basil Damaso and staff;

DoH Library – Bill Craig;

All of the support staff of DoH, and in particular Purchasing, Contracts, Personnel, Finance, and Travel;

Barkly Region Environmental Health Officer – Francis O’Donahoo;

Nhulunbuy Corporation – Rick Stephen

Nhulunbuy Environmental Health - Bob Small and Alex Kopczynski;

Arnhem Land Pest Control – David Suter and staff;

Department of Planning and Infrastructure - Del Batton, Chris Humphries, Steve Gilmour, Terry Burns, Ken Gardner, Sharon Jones, Owen Dutton, and Phill Piper;

Darwin City Council staff involved in mosquito engineering works – Bac Lam (Engineer), Dino Ribeiro (Foreman), John Brown (Supervisor), Tony Vincent, and Peter Johnson (Contractor);

Northern Territory Parks & Wildlife Services - senior officers and technical staff for Casuarina, Howard Springs and Holmes Jungle – particularly Nigel Weston (Darwin District Parks Manager), Paul Cawood, Louise Kean, and for the Botanic Gardens staff, Ben Wirf and Dave Griffiths;

Land Development Corporation – Mark Nolen, Kassi Picken;

Darwin Port Corporation – David McMaster;

MacMahon; Shoal Bay Dump– Don Thompson and Irma Gerridzen;

Staff at Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM); John Mulkearns, Daniel Cameron;

Smec Urban – Sean Sanford, Dylan Rapson

Urbex Pty Ltd – Andrew Bartington,

Earl James and Associates – Kevin Dodd;

EcOz Australia Pty Ltd – Casey Hawkey, Tom Reilly and Keith Munson

Vista Gold – Robbie Friel

GHD Australia Pty Ltd – Andy Robertson, Kylie Fitzpatrick

McArthur River Mine – Julie Crawford, Matt Bird, Casey Hucks

Pacific Biologics – David Walker;

RAAF – Darwin – FLT Kylie Gosling;

Power and Water Authority Darwin - Noel McCarthy, Alice Springs (Alan Whyte, Rod Randall, Jeff Morton, Ron Markovic) and Tennant Creek (Garry Wilson);

Australian Quarantine Inspection Service – Mary Finlay-Doney, Geoff Cumjew, Robert Langlands, Stacy Anderson, Louise Baum, Chris Ganambar;

GEMCO Groote Eylandt – Kylie Veale (Environmental Advisor), Collin Burns;

Jayrow Helicopters - Larry Tessman, Adam Tessman, Cheryl Young,

University of Western Australia - Cheryl Johansen;

University of Queensland – Nigel Beebe;

Queensland Health – Andrew Van den Hurk;

Department of Health WA – Mike Lindsay and Susan Harrington;

DPIF - Dr Lorna Melville, Neville Hunt, Steven Davis and other staff at the Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory involved in the sentinel chicken program;

Sentinel chicken volunteers - Richard and Hazel Trudgeon, Debbie Roberts, Stewart Woerle, Tom Haines, Peter Saville, Greg Crawford, Ian Lindsay, Dr Prez Mureceo, Gorgina Bracken, John Macaulay, Linda Pitt and Kathy Campbell;

Garrards – Phillip Mitchell;

All volunteers involved in the Aedes aegypti elimination project.

Our apologies to anyone inadvertently omitted. If you have been inadvertently omitted could you please advise Nina Kurucz on (08) 89228807.

Medical Entomology, Centre for Disease Control

Department of Health, Northern Territory 2012.

This publication is copyright. The information in this report may be freely copied and distributed for

non-profit purposes such as study, research, health service management and public information subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source.

Reproduction for other purposes requires the written permission of the Chief Executive of the Department of Health, Northern Territory.

Printed by the Government Printer of the Northern Territory, 2012.

An electronic version is available at: www.health.nt.gov.au/Medical_Entomology/index.aspx

General enquiries about this publication should be directed to:

Peter Whelan

Director

Medical Entomology CDC Department of Health PO Box 41326, NT 0811

XPhone: (08) 8922 8901

XFacsimile: (08) 8922 8820

Department of Health is a Smoke Free Workplace

Figures

FIGURE 1: DARWIN ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION OF WEEKLY ADULT MOSQUITO CO2 BAITED TRAP SITE

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig1_dwnurban_adult1112.doc

FIGURE 2: DARWIN URBAN OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION OF OVITRAP SITES AND SENTINEL CHICKEN SITES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig2_dwnurban_ovi1112.doc

FIGURE 3: DARWIN RURAL OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION OF OVITRAP SITES AND SENTINEL CHICKEN SITES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig3_dwnrural_ovi1112.doc

FIGURE 4: ALYANGULA ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,

SENTINEL CHICKEN AND OVITRAP LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig4_aly_allsites_1112.doc

FIGURE 5: ANGURUGU ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES AND

OVITRAP LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig5_ang_allsites_1112.doc

FIGURE 6: NHULUNBUY ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,

OVITRAP LOCATIONS AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig6_nhul_allsites_1112.doc

FIGURE 7: KATHERINE ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,

OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig7_kath_allsites_1112.doc

FIGURE 8: TENNANT CREEK ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,

AND SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCK LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig8_tc_allsites_1011 part 2.doc

FIGURE 9: ALICE SPRINGS ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,

SENTINEL CHICKEN AND OVITRAP LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig9_alice_allsites_1112.doc

FIGURE 10: DAFF DARWIN ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig10_aqis_dwnadult_1112.doc

FIGURE 11:

F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_urban_data\Fig11_dwn_urban_OVNO_1112.xls\dwn_urban_sp_rain_CHT_1112 Medical Entomology DoH 16/11/2012

Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin City and Outer Darwin 2011/12Total number of larvae in all thirty four trap sites; rainfall at Darwin airport

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F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_routine_data\Fig_12dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO_1112.xls\dwn_rural_palm_sp_rain_CHT_1112 Medical Entomology DoH 16/11/2012

Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin Rural and Palmerston 2011/12Total number of larvae in all thirteen trap sites; rainfall at Palmerston

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F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig_13_14_Dm1112an.xls\av_vigcxall_rain_CHT_8312 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/11/2012

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Figure 15 : Monthly rainfall and monthly Ross River Virus cases for towns of the Northern Territory from July 1996 - June 2012. RRV disease cases from CDC, Darwin.

Rainfall data from Bureau of Meteorology.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\meb_anrp_1112\RR_1112 Medical Entomology, DoH

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, Ja

n

200

9/10

, Ja

n

201

0/11

, Ja

n

201

1/12

, Ja

n

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

200

400

600

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1000

1996

/97,

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1997

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/00,

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/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

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/06,

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/07,

Jan

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/08,

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2008

/09,

Jan

2009

/10,

Jan

2010

/11,

Jan

2011

/12,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

10001524

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

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50007587, 5963 8899 11426932, 6898

0

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1996

/97,

Jan

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10001080

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/97,

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Jan

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10001111, 1713 3933

0

200

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1996

/97,

Jan

1997

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Jan

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Jan

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/00,

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0

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10001110

Darwin

Alyangula

Alice SpringsNhulunbuy

Tennant CreekJabiru

Katherine

Monthly average number of Cx.

annulirostris grp. per trap nightMonthly rainfall

Figure 16 : Monthly rainfall and average number of Cx. annulirostris grp per month (average per trap night, CO2 baited traps) for towns of the Northern Territory from July 1996 - June 2012.

Rainfall data from Bureau of Meteorology.

Number of trap sites per town: Darwin: 11; Jabiru: 4, Nhulunbuy: 5; Alyangula: 3; Katherine: 4; Tennant Creek: 3 (irregular trapping after rainfall only); Alice Springs; 4.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2005_06\meb_anrp_0506\Cxannul_rain0506 Medical Entomology Branch, DHCS

FIGURE 17:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig_17_18_rain_disease_species_Darwin_1112.xls\DM_month_Cxgrp_rainCHT_1991_12 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

DARWIN. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp., & Ve. funerea July 1991 to June 2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1991

/92,

Jan

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

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/95,

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/96,

Jan

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/97,

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/98,

Jan

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/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

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/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

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/05,

Jan

2005

/06,

Jan

2006

/07,

Jan

2007

/08,

Jan

2008

/09,

Jan

2009

/10,

Jan

2010

/11,

Jan

2011

/12,

Jan

Mon

thly

rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

No.

of

Ae.

not

oscr

iptu

s, A

e. v

igila

x, C

x.

annu

liros

tris

grp

., &

Ve.

fune

rea

per

tra

p n

igh

t

Total monthly rainfall (mm), Darwin AirportAverage monthly no. of female Ae. notoscriptus per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Ve. funerea per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

953 1110

FIGURE 17A:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig_17_18_rain_disease_species_Darwin_1112.xls\DM_month_Cxgrp_rainCHT_1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

DARWIN. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp., and Ve. funerea July 2011 to June 2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Jul-

2011

Aug

-201

1

Sep-

2011

Oct

-201

1

Nov

-201

1

Dec

-201

1

Jan-

2012

Feb

-201

2

Mar

-201

2

Apr

-201

2

May

-201

2

Jun-

2012

Mon

thly

rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

No.

of

Ae.

not

oscr

iptu

s, A

e. v

igila

x, C

x. a

nnul

iros

tris

grp

., &

Ve.

fu

nere

a p

er t

rap

nig

ht

Total monthly rainfall (mm), Darwin AirportAverage monthly no. of female Ae. notoscriptus per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Ve. funerea per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

FIGURE 18:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\\Fig_17_18_rain_disease_species_Darwin_1112.xls\DM_month_CXgrp_RRVCHT_1991_12 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

DARWIN. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp., and Ve. funerea July 1991 to June 2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1991

/92,

Jan

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

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/04,

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2004

/05,

Jan

2005

/06,

Jan

2006

/07,

Jan

2007

/08,

Jan

2008

/09,

Jan

2009

/10,

Jan

2010

/11,

Jan

2011

/12,

Jan

Mon

thly

RR

V d

isea

se c

ases

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

No.

of

Ae.

not

oscr

iptu

s, A

e. v

igila

x &

Cx.

an

nulir

ostr

is g

rp.,

& V

e. fu

nere

a p

er t

rap

nig

ht

No. of laboratory confirmed Ross River virus disease cases in Darwin Suburbs (includes Berrimah)Average monthly no. of female Ae. notoscriptus per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)Average monthly no. of female Ve. funerea per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

953

FIGURE 19: AERIAL APPLIED MOSQUITO LARVAL CONTROL PROGRAM MAJOR MOSQUITO BREEDING AREAS - DARWIN.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig19_leanyer_helicopter_1011.doc

FIGURE 20:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig20_Rrv1112.xls\rrv9899_1112ch Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/11/2012

ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF REPORT)

1998/99 TO 2011/12

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jul

Oct

1998

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

1999

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2000

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2001

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2002

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2003

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2004

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2005

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2006

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2007

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2008

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2009

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2010

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2011

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2012

Jan

Apr

MONTH AND YEAR OF REPORT

NU

MB

ER

OF

CA

SE

S

FIGURE 21: LOCATION OF SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS IN THE NT

ts\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Fig21_sent chick_location 1112.doc F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_repor

TABLE 22:

TABLE 23:

Department of Health is a Smoke Free Workplace

Tables

TABLE 1: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - DARWIN CITY AND OUTER DARWIN. JULY 2011 - JUNE 2012MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

No of times detected

Sum of No of larvae


Sum of No of larvae


Sum of No of larvae


Sum of No of larvae


Sum of No of larvae



4 Marrara Malak Caravan Park. No. 440 McMillans Rd. Caravan 26 5 19.23 4 28 1 37 218 Winnellie Shady Glen Caravan Park. No. 11 Farrell Cresent Caravan 26 8 30.77 8 62 1 3 18

Caravan Total 52 13 25.00 12 90 2 40 3945 Darwin City NT News Commercial 26 1 3.85 1 11 2546 East Arm Toll Services, under demountable LHS at front. Commercial 26 3 11.54 1 74 2 13 23

47 East ArmNorthern Cement on Berrimah Road - under demountable LHS when driving towards exit.. Commercial 26 0 0.00

26

41A East ArmPJ's Custom Brokers & Darwin Forwarding Pty Ltd. Unit 1, 3302 Export Drive. Commercial 26 0 0.00

26

ES1 Darwin CityTransit Centre, Greyhound bus stop, Lot 6587, no. 69 Mitchell St Commercial 13 2 15.38

1 73 1 12 11

ES2 Winnellie Greyhound Depot, 37 Winnellie Rd Commercial 12 4 33.33 4 27 1 8 8 1Commercial Total 129 10 7.75 7 185 4 33 119 1

25 Darwin CityLot 5552 Frances Bay Dr. (Dinah beach Mooring Basin) Port 24 3 12.50

2 30 21 3

26 Darwin City

Lot 5500 Frances Bay Dr. (VB Perkins shipping yard). Trap moved 28/2/06 from lot 5360 to lot 5500. Port 26 3 11.54

3 20 23

27 Darwin CityLot 5360 Frances Bay Dr. (VB Perkins shipping yard). Port 26 6 23.08

6 316 1 1 20

30 Darwin City Kitchener Dr. (Fort Hill Wharf) Port 25 1 4.00 1 39 1 1 24 135 East Arm Rooney Shipping, Muramats Rd - TDZ Port 26 1 3.85 1 3 25

36 East ArmTiwi Barge Service 3245 Muramats Rd. Outdoor toilet block. Port 26 9 34.62

9 212 2 44 17

50 Bayview Bayview Marina Port 26 3 11.54 2 80 1 1 2318A Cullen Bay Marina Office Port 26 1 3.85 1 1 25

29A Darwin PortMavie St, LHS exit Frances Bay Marine, under bushes Port 25 2 8.00

2 3 1 10 23 1

Port Total 230 29 12.61 27 704 6 57 201 51 Wanguri 2 Aubrey St. Residential 26 5 19.23 4 37 1 2 213 Malak 55 Darwent Street Residential 25 13 52.00 1 3 13 605 1 2 12 110 Winnellie Kennons residence No. 6 Menmuir Street Residential 26 19 73.08 19 878 2 45 711 The Narrows 46 Wilmot St. Residential 26 7 26.92 7 122 1912 Ludmilla 46 Wells Street Residential 26 17 65.38 17 1355 913 Parap 45 Gregory Street Residential 26 23 88.46 23 1446 1 35 1 104 314 Fannie Bay 28 East Point Rd. Residential 26 17 65.38 17 633 1 20 915 Stuart Park 3 Graham St Residential 26 22 84.62 22 1966 1 6 1 33 2 6 416 Darwin City 15 Sheperd St. (Auserv) Residential 26 2 7.69 2 48 2417 Larrakeyah 6 Murray Street. Residential 26 18 69.23 4 66 15 644 1 3 820 Coconut Grove Bahkita Village Residential 26 18 69.23 18 1910 3 53 1 9 822 Rapid Creek 124 Ryland Rd. Residential 26 9 34.62 9 389 17

18B Larrakeyah 37 Temira Cres Residential 25 15 60.00 2 22 15 787 1 1 10 119B Ludmilla 12 Mawalan Court Residential 20 13 65.00 8 250 2 41 7 1021B Nightcliff 8 Camphor Street Residential 26 16 61.54 16 737 1 1 1 5 10

Residential Total 382 214 56.02 205 11807 13 172 3 77 5 117 168 127 Berrimah_OvitrapAscot Haulage No. 16 Berrimah Rd. Transport company 26 16 61.54 15 1168 4 58 2 8 109 Winnellie Grace Removals No. 504 Stuart Highway Transport company 26 2 7.69 2 4 24

Transport Company Total 52 18 34.62

17 1172 4 58 2 8 34

Totals 845 284 7 91 268 13958 29 360 3 77 7 125 561 18

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 33.61 2.46 94.37 10.21 1.06 2.46 197.54 6.34

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 13.00 52.08 12.41 25.67 17.86 0.00 1.00

% of ovitraps recovered = 98.48

TIMES SPECIES RECORDED(TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE)

Not collected mosquitoes

SITE NO.NUMBER SAMPLED

NUMBER POSITIVE

PERCENT POSITIVE

SUBURB TRAP LOCATIONLOCATION

TYPE

Culicine pupae Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusNil

mosquitoesAe. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\ovitraps\darwin\darwin urban data\Table1_dwn_urban_OVNO_1112.xls\darwin_urban_1112_annualrpt Medical Entomology DH 16/11/2012

TABLE 2: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - DARWIN RURAL AND PALMERSTON. JULY 2011 - JUNE 2012MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY


Sum of No oflarvae


Sum of Noof larvae


Sum of Noof larvae


Sum of No oflarvae


Sum of Noof larvae


Sum of Noof larvae




R5A Howard SpringsHoward Springs Caravan Park, 170 Whitewood Rd Caravan 26 1 3.85

1 2 25

Caravan Total 26 1 3.85 1 2 25

49 Tivendale235 Tivendale Road - Hannan Australia's Removalist. Commercial 26 3 11.54

2 5 1 1 23

R3A Woodroffe 46 Emery Ave, Fire Station Commercial 26 12 46.15 11 296 1 196 14

R7B Humpty DooWater Tanks, Troughs & Polypipe, 30 Spencely Rd. Section 4140 Commercial 24 9 37.50

9 266 2 64 15 2

R8 Virginia17 Mile Service & Muffler Centre, Lot 1 Virginia Rd Commercial 26 5 19.23

5 76 21

Commercial Total 102 29 28.43 27 643 4 261 73 2R4A Howard Springs Jenny's Orchid Garden, 10 Niel Court Nursery 25 5 20.00 5 98 20 1R6 Humpty Doo Arnhem Nursery, 35 Arnhem Hwy Nursery 26 5 19.23 2 9 3 20 1 5 1 10 1 1 21

Nursery Total 51 10 19.61 2 9 8 118 1 5 1 10 1 1 41 132 Holtze Lot 10, Wallaby Holtze Rd. Residential 26 15 57.69 1 27 15 756 2 16 1 2 1133 Durack (Fairway Waters) 6 Hayward Place, Fairway Waters Residential 26 7 26.92 7 106 19R1 Driver 1/16 McInnis Circuit Residential 26 1 3.85 1 6 25R2 Gray 49 Essington Ave Residential 25 25 100.00 25 2403 2 48 2 204 1

RB1 HoltzeSenior Officers Quarters, House 820 McLaurin Place, Robertson Barracks Residential 25 1 4.00

1 1 24 1

Residential Total 128 49 38.28 1 27 49 3272 4 64 2 204 1 2 80 1RB2 Holtze Under Fuel Station Depot, Robertson Barracks Transport company 25 1 4.00 1 47 24 1

Transport Company Total 25 1 4.00

1 47 24 1

Totals 332 90 3 36 84 4033 11 379 1 10 3 1 243 4 1

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 27.11 3.33 93.33 12.22 1.11 3.33 1.11 270.00 4.44 1.11

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 12.00 48.01 34.45 10.00 0.00 0.00

% of ovitraps recovered = 98.22

SITE NO.NUMBER SAMPLED

NUMBER POSITIVE

PERCENT POSITIVE

SUBURB TRAP LOCATIONLOCATION

TYPE

TIMES SPECIES RECORDED(TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE)

Trap failure mosquitoesCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Culicine pupae Nil mosquitoes

Not collected mosquitoesAe. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Stg) katherinensis

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\\Table2_dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO_1112.xls\darwin_rural_palmerston_1112 AR Medical Entomology DoH 16/11/2012

TABLE 3:

Mosquito species collected since 1977 to 2010/11

(all collection types)Mosquito species

collected in 2011/12

Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catastictaAe. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatusAe. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Cha) elchoensisAe. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Fin) kochiAe. (Cha) tulliae Ae. (Fin) notoscriptusAe. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Lor) dasyorrhusAe. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Mac) nr species 121Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) species 76Ae. (Fin) quasirubithorax s.l. Ae. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Lor) dasyorrhus Ae. (Muc) alternansAe. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Neo) lineatopennisAe. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) normanensisAe. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) phaecasiatusAe. (Mac) species 126 Ae. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Mac) species 70 Ae. (Rhi) longirostrisAe. (Mac) species 76 Ae. (Stg) aegypti*Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Ae. daliensisAe. (Mac) stoneorum An. (Ano) bancroftiiAe. (Mac) tremulus An. (Ano) powelliAe. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) amictusAe. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) farauti s.l.Ae. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) hilliAe. (Och) phaecasiatus An. (Cel) meraukensisAe. (Och) species An. (Cel) novaguinensisAe. (Och) species 159 Cq. (Coq) xanthogasterAe. (Och) species 85 Cx. (Cui) pullusAe. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisAe. (Rhi) longirostris Cx. (Cux) gelidusAe. (Stg) aegypti* Cx. (Cux) palpalisAe. (Stg) albopictus* Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusAe. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) sitiensAe. (Stg) scutellaris grp Cx. (Cux) vicinusAe. daliensis Cx. (Cux) Vishnui groupAn. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Lop) cubiculiAn. (Ano) powelli Cx. (Lop) hilliAn. (Cel) amictus Cx. (Lop) species 155An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Lop) species 167An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusAn. (Cel) hilli Cx. (Ocu) squamosusAn. (Cel) meraukensis Ho. ( ) species 157An. (Cel) novaguinensis Ma. (Mnd) uniformisCq. (Coq) near crassipes Mi. (Eto) elegansCq. (Coq) near crassipes ? Mi. (Mim) chamberlainiCq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ml. ( ) genurostrisCx. (Cui) pullus Tp. (Pol) punctolateralisCx. (Cux) annulirostris Ur. (Pfc) hirsutifemoraCx. (Cux) crinicauda Ur. (Ura) albescensCx. (Cux) gelidus Ur. (Ura) lateralisCx. (Cux) palpalis Ur. (Ura) nivipesCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ur. (Ura) novaguinensisCx. (Cux) sitiens Ve. (Ver) funereaCx. (Cux) species 32 Ve. (Ver) reesiCx. (Cux) species 92Cx. (Cux) vicinusCx. (Cux) Vishnui groupCx. (Lop) cubiculiCx. (Lop) cylindricusCx. (Lop) hilliCx. (Lop) species 154Cx. (Lop) species 155Cx. (Lop) species 167Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus**Cx. (Ocu) squamosusCx. (Ocu) starckeaeHo. ( ) species 157Lu. (Met) halifaxiiMa. (Mnd) uniformisMi. (Eto) elegansMi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallicaMl. ( ) genurostrisTp. (Pol) punctolateralisTp. (Trp) magnesianusTx. (Tox) speciosusUr. (Pfc) diagonalisUr. (Pfc) hirsutifemoraUr. (Ura) albescensUr. (Ura) amiensisUr. (Ura) argyrotarsisUr. (Ura) lateralisUr. (Ura) moresbyensisUr. (Ura) nivipesUr. (Ura) novaguinensisUr. (Ura) paralateralis?Ur. (Ura) species 156Ur. (Ura) species 49Ur. (Ura) species 82Ur. (Ura) tibialisVe. (Ver) funereaVe. (Ver) leilaeVe. (Ver) reesi* Ae. aegypti & Ae. albopictus were previously detected by Aqis during quarantine inspections. These species are currently not established in Darwin or anywhere else in the NT, except for Ae. aegypti in TCK which is in the process of elimination.

** An exotic mosquito detected at Marrara in May 2011 - Cx. (Ocu) cornutus had been tentatively identified from 2 specimens only and verified by R.Russell of Westmead Hospital in NSW, but requires additional specimens to confirm it's identification from Cx. (Ocu) sinensis . It was detected through the weekly Darwin adult mosquito monitoring program. Further DNA analysis indicates that this species is closer to endemic NT species Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus and is now being identified as Cx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus .

Adult mosquito species list Darwin Collected by ME, DoH

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TABLE 4: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2011 TO JUNE 2012.TOTAL NUMBERS OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ELEVEN

CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL AVERAGE %NO. PER

Ae. (Fin) notoscritpus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other TRAP

1 Leanyer Gate 13 4781 156 78 416 17 1172 2620 2843 888 12984 52 249.69 10.74

2 Longwood 35 3565 354 519 81 13 2942 4224 900 981 13614 51 266.94 11.26

3 Leanyer Dump 101 5974 615 683 444 97 4095 6342 2003 2180 22534 52 433.35 18.65

4 Karama 98 6782 1371 1359 300 112 2612 6527 547 851 20559 51 403.12 17.01

5 Palm Creek 20 2504 3698 1910 78 388 6292 8215 1073 1201 25379 50 507.58 21.00

6 Marrara Round Swamp 43 163 109 26 8 221 645 1010 225 196 2646 52 50.88 2.19

7 Aviation Museum 330 439 23 45 2 17 3080 1432 70 733 6171 51 121.00 5.11

8 Marrara Rifle Range 8 215 27 24 1 33 1493 693 207 1005 3706 50 74.12 3.07

9 Casuarina 416 4389 51 96 2 6 1078 1744 126 1698 9606 52 184.73 7.95

10 Coconut Grove 249 629 3 22 1 1 68 147 25 340 1485 52 28.56 1.23

11 Totem Road 48 971 14 75 1 5 152 495 164 247 2172 51 42.59 1.80

TOTALS 1361 30412 6421 4837 1334 910 23629 33449 8183 10320 120856 564 214.28 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 2.41 53.92 11.38 8.58 2.37 1.61 41.90 59.31 14.51 18.30 214.28

PERCENTAGE % 1.13 25.16 5.31 4.00 1.10 0.75 19.55 27.68 6.77 8.54 100.00

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOESNO. OF

SUCCESSFUL TRAP

NIGHTS

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TABLE 5: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2011 TO JUNE 2012.TOTAL NUMBERS OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE 21 WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL AVERAGE %NO. PER

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other TRAP

1 Leanyer Gate 13 4781 156 78 416 17 1172 2620 2843 888 12984 52 249.69 9.33

2 Longwood Avenue 35 3565 354 519 81 13 2942 4224 900 981 13614 51 266.94 9.78

3 Leanyer Dump 101 5974 615 683 444 97 4095 6342 2003 2180 22534 52 433.35 16.19

4 Karama 98 6782 1371 1359 300 112 2612 6527 547 851 20559 51 403.12 14.77

5 Holmes Jungle at edge of Palm Creek*1 0 137 1076 110 48 48 92 465 10 196 2182 16 136.38 1.57

6 Holmes Jungle (new monitoring site)*2 45 3467 192 333 341 12 886 1838 345 645 8104 13 623.38 5.82

7 Palm Creek 20 2504 3698 1910 78 388 6292 8215 1073 1201 25379 50 507.58 18.24

8 Marrara Round Swamp 43 163 109 26 8 221 645 1010 225 196 2646 52 50.88 1.90

9 Aviation Museum 330 439 23 45 2 17 3080 1432 70 733 6171 51 121.00 4.43

10 Marrara Rifle Range 8 215 27 24 1 33 1493 693 207 1005 3706 50 74.12 2.66

11 Casuarina 416 4389 51 96 2 6 1078 1744 126 1698 9606 52 184.73 6.90

12 Rapid Creek 35 619 0 4 2 0 51 107 1 571 1390 29 47.93 1.00

13 Coconut Grove 249 629 3 22 1 1 68 147 25 340 1485 52 28.56 1.07

14 Totem Road 48 971 14 75 1 5 152 495 164 247 2172 51 42.59 1.56

15 Fannie Bay 14 193 0 7 6 0 7 20 3 59 309 29 10.66 0.22

16 Botanic Gardens 96 443 3 9 1 2 25 229 13 280 1101 29 37.97 0.79

17 Vesteys Beach 34 1374 1 16 2 0 14 76 4 62 1583 29 54.59 1.14

18 Richardson Park 3 153 0 5 1 0 25 505 21 319 1032 30 34.40 0.74

19 Defence Establishment Berrimah 389 363 1 0 4 2 124 71 16 191 1161 29 40.03 0.83

20 East Point*3 9 791 0 3 1 0 18 27 3 54 906 18 50.33 0.65

21 Fishermans Wharf*4 26 375 0 0 3 0 1 56 3 88 552 17 32.47 0.40

TOTALS 2012 38327 7694 5324 1743 974 24872 36843 8602 12785 139176 803 173.32 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 2.51 47.73 9.58 6.63 2.17 1.21 30.97 45.88 10.71 15.92 173.32

PERCENTAGE % 1.45 27.54 5.53 3.83 1.25 0.70 17.87 26.47 6.18 9.19 100.00

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES

Note: *1 - 'Holmes Jungle at edge of Palm Creek' ceased 12/10/2011*2 - 'Holmes Jungle (new monitoring site)' commenced 8/06/2011*3 - 'East Point' Wet season monitoring commenced 27/9//2011 and ceased 17/1/12*4 - 'Fishermans Wharf' Wet season monitoring commenced 27/9//2011 and ceased 17/1/12

NO. OF SUCCESSFUL

TRAP NIGHTS

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TABLE 6: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWINAVERAGE NUMBERS OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE ELEVEN

CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 2.40 2.62 2.09 4.06 4.29 2.68 3.16 2.34 2.81 3.09 1.45 4.08 2.32 2.88 2.05 3.57 3.81 3.17 3.42 2.81 2.59 2.41

Ae. (Och) vigilax 23.96 10.78 20.65 137.96 59.71 17.34 20.15 23.38 66.50 16.22 9.03 12.06 94.46 63.13 23.28 93.05 34.76 42.80 47.09 66.65 154.64 53.92

An. (Ano) bancroftii 13.94 14.43 27.49 39.33 23.80 38.09 21.82 7.57 35.24 47.54 22.85 11.52 14.77 19.62 29.77 13.30 16.15 8.46 13.85 10.46 25.05 11.38

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 2.41 2.63 2.02 6.79 6.14 13.79 5.51 1.95 22.41 34.50 5.18 10.10 3.88 6.23 3.22 8.98 6.44 2.91 2.15 4.54 12.59 8.58

An. (Cel) hilli 1.13 1.43 1.56 2.61 1.53 2.75 6.73 1.76 3.93 5.44 5.18 3.92 2.09 1.36 1.05 1.62 0.95 1.11 1.96 1.90 1.88 2.37

An. (Cel) meraukensis 4.27 4.32 1.72 10.06 9.86 2.98 2.46 2.40 7.95 3.92 2.69 0.80 2.06 4.17 1.04 4.14 2.13 1.14 0.89 1.32 1.15 1.61

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 7.93 9.69 27.83 10.47 11.24 31.12 15.22 17.92 27.71 35.24 30.81 19.12 20.90 29.87 17.87 13.61 21.56 6.56 8.31 17.45 37.12 41.90

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 74.12 24.84 35.62 89.33 61.08 51.39 64.57 60.89 91.26 80.07 64.88 52.04 87.03 148.71 83.16 71.92 91.20 63.73 58.30 92.16 67.06 59.78

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 1.32 2.67 1.54 1.71 1.77 16.21 0.61 1.40 2.43 9.81 8.95 1.42 0.81 1.81 3.06 1.28 1.89 0.93 3.61 0.83 5.36 14.51

Other species 20.75 9.21 12.12 23.53 28.15 20.24 22.01 13.98 37.61 23.65 12.98 17.89 20.17 27.28 12.51 28.88 18.47 15.11 12.81 17.59 45.30 17.82

TOTALS 152.22 82.62 132.65 325.85 207.57 196.58 162.22 133.58 297.85 259.50 164.01 132.94 248.48 305.08 177.01 240.37 197.36 145.92 152.39 215.73 352.74 214.28

AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT

Totem Road commenced 8/5/1985. Trap site moved approx 20 m (remained within Tropicus Nursery) 7/1/1992Marrara SE ceased 18/10/94 & was replaced by Aviation Museum on the 25/10/95

Changes to trap sites

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. * includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis

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TABLE 7:ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION PER MONTH)

JUL 2011 TO JUN 2012

FINANCIAL YEAR REGION TOTALS

Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine

JULY 0 0 6 0 0 6

AUGUST 1 0 4 0 1 6

SEPTEMBER 0 0 5 0 1 6

OCTOBER 0 0 5 0 0 5

NOVEMBER 1 1 8 1 2 13

DECEMBER 0 0 23 3 3 29

JANUARY 0 0 42 7 6 55

FEBRUARY 0 0 17 2 1 20

MARCH 4 0 16 0 0 20

APRIL 0 0 17 1 3 21

MAY 2 0 22 0 4 28

JUNE 0 0 11 0 2 13

TOTALS 8 1 176 14 23 222

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TABLE 8:

BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC

(BY REGION PER MONTH)JUL 2011 TO JUN 2012

MONTH REGION TOTALS


JULY 0 0 3 0 0 3

AUGUST 1 0 3 0 0 4

SEPTEMBER 0 0 4 0 0 4

OCTOBER 0 0 6 0 0 6

NOVEMBER 0 0 4 0 0 4

DECEMBER 1 0 1 0 0 2

JANUARY 1 0 6 1 0 8

FEBRUARY 0 0 2 0 1 3

MARCH 1 0 2 0 0 3

APRIL 0 0 1 0 0 1

MAY 0 0 7 0 1 8

JUNE 0 0 6 0 0 6

TOTALS 4 0 45 1 2 52

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TABLE 9:ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION)

1990/91 TO 2011/12



1990/91 31 49 306 22 45 453

1991/92 3 6 116 54 15 194

1992/93 12 32 188 29 36 297

1993/94 1 4 286 23 20 334

1994/95 35 5 281 20 38 379

1995/96 1 4 67 17 24 113

1996/97 51 24 123 5 28 231

1997/98 5 1 86 11 21 124

1998/99 1 7 112 11 16 147

1999/00 16 9 98 9 27 159

2000/01 7 69 106 4 48 234

2001/02 1 5 41 7 17 71

2002/03 0 5 99 10 20 134

2003/04 5 1 170 7 20 203

2004/05 4 0 136 12 21 173

2005/06 8 5 216 16 19 264

2006/07 13 2 181 26 37 259

2007/08 15 5 187 11 28 246

2008/09 54 28 269 28 31 410

2009/10 35 6 234 15 30 320

2010/11 24 6 190 12 30 262

2011/12 8 1 176 14 23 222

TOTALS 330 274 3068 363 594 5229

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TABLE 10: BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGIONS)1991/92 TO 2011/12



1991/92 0 1 0 41 0 42

1992/93 1 0 10 7 2 20

1993/94 0 1 24 6 2 33

1994/95 0 0 9 1 2 12

1995/96 1 0 17 4 3 25

1996/97 4 5 24 4 6 43

1997/98 1 1 11 2 5 20

1998/99 0 0 17 5 2 24

1999/00 1 1 8 2 1 13

2000/01 1 5 14 6 7 33

2001/02 0 1 18 5 1 25

2002/03 2 0 13 2 1 18

2003/04 3 1 5 2 3 14

2004/05 7 0 31 2 3 43

2005/06 14 2 64 10 6 96

2006/07 17 2 68 12 9 108

2007/08 5 2 51 2 3 63

2008/09 16 6 82 8 8 120

2009/10 9 1 70 8 5 93

2010/11 5 1 45 5 6 62

2011/12 4 0 45 1 2 52

TOTALS 91 30 626 135 77 959

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TABLE 11:

Year Month of onset

Ethnicit

Sex Age Virus Location of infection(Region)

No's. Comment

1974 February MVE Tennant Creek (Barkly) 1

March MVE Alice Springs (Alice) 1

March MVE Alice Springs (Alice) 1

March MVE Katherine (Katherine) 1

April MVE Barkly Area 1

1981 March MVE Groote Eylandt (East Arnhem)

1

1987 July A M 18 mth MVE Belyuen (Darwin) 1

1988 March A M 1 mth MVE Maningrida (Darwin) 1

April O M 7 mth MVE South Alligator (Darwin) 1

May A M 4 MVE Maningrida (Darwin) 1

1991 April O F 74 MVE Berry Springs (Darwin) 1 Patient died

May A M 8 mth MVE Tanami (Alice) 1

1992 Aug O F 40 KUN (Darwin) 1

1993 April A F 6 mth MVE Beswick (Katherine) 1

April A F 1 MVE Lajamanu (Katherine) 1 Patient died

April O M 22 MVE Tennant Creek (Barkly) 1

May U F 33 MVE Katherine (Katherine) 1

May O M 61 MVE Katherine (Katherine) 1

April O M 32 MVE Katherine (Katherine) 1

1995 Nov O F 61 KUN unknown 1

1997 March O M 59 MVE* Alice Springs (Alice) 1 Died. Presumptive caseCont NT, notif Qld

May M 21 KUN Eva Downs (Barkly) 1

May KUN Eva Downs (Barkly) 1 ? Cont NT, notified in WA

June F 26 KUN Eva Downs/Ten Ck.(Barkly) 1

1999 May M 66 KUN (Darwin) 1

2000 March A F 3 mth MVE Willowra (Alice) 1 Flaccid quadrapMarch A M 69 MVE Docker River (Alice) 1 Severe impairmentApril A M 2 mth MVE Hermannsburg (Alice) 1 Recovery completeMay O M 15 MVE Borroloola/Roper

(Katherine)1

Igm + ve plus clinical April A M 4 KUN Hermannsburg (Alice) 1 Recovery complete

March M 32 KUN Holtze (Darwin) 1

2001 February O F 49 MVE Alice Springs (Alice) 1 Flaccid quadrapFebruary O M 59 MVE Alice Springs (Alice) 1 Notified SA, Recovered

March O M 11 KUN Alice Springs (Alice) 1

May A F 23 KUN Alice Springs (Alice) 1

July A F 2 MVE Oenpelli (Darwin) 1 Recovered

2004 March A F 11mth MVE Willowra (Alice) 1 Quadrap, died 8months after

2005 March A M 3 MVE Oenpelli (Darwin) 1 Recovered

2009 March O M 58 MVE Batchelor (Darwin) 1 Patient died

May O M 83 MVE Channel Point (Darwin) 1 Patient died

2010 June O M 80 KUN Howard Springs (Darwin) 1 Encephalitic, recovered

2011 March O M 33 MVE Tennant Creek (Barkly) 1 Encephalitic, recovered

March A M 14 mth MVE Ali Curung (Barkly) 1 Fitting only

April O M 60 KUN Brunette Downs (Barkly) 1 Non encephalitic

May O F 19 MVE Top End (Darwin/Kath) 1 Encephalitic, died (Canada)

May O F 63 MVE Roper Bar (Katherine) 1 Encephalitic, recovered

Total MVE 34

Total KUN 12

LOCATION AND MONTH OF ONSET OF CASES OF MVE OR KUNJIN 1974-2012 ACQUIRED IN THE NT

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

* Presumptive Case. A Aboriginal, O Other,U Unknown . Note Kunjin recorded only from 1992

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TABLE 12: ARBOVIRUS RISK PERIODS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

VIRUS FROM VECTORS/

ABUNDANCE &

LONGEVITY

FROM VIRUS

ISOLATION

FROM SENTINEL ANIMALS

FROM HUMAN CASE

DATA

PEAK RISK

PERIOD

PROBABLE

MAIN RISK

PERIOD

MVE JAN-SEPT MAR DEC-OCT FEB-JULY FEB-MAY JAN-JULY

KUNJIN JAN-SEPT APRIL-JUN DEC-SEPT MARCH-NOV FEB-MAY JAN-JULY

RRV NOV-SEPT JAN-APR - JAN-DEC JAN-MAR DEC-JUN

BFV NOV-SEPT DEC-APR - DEC-OCT JAN-MAR DEC-JUN

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TABLE 13: COMBINED DoH AND DPIMF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE

PROGRESSIVE RESULTS OF NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING 2011/12

REGION LOCATION Total +ve Total bled

Leanyer Date bled 27/7 30/8 28/9 7/9 26/10 30/11 21/12 25/1 29/2 28/3 23/4 30/5 27/6(Urban) Nos bled 10 11 3 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 144

Flock change NewFlavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0Howard Springs Date bled 27/7 28/8 28/9 7/9 26/10 26/10 30/11 21/12 25/1 29/2 28/3 23/4 30/5 27/6(Rural) Nos bled 8 6 6 12 6 12 12 12 11 10 10 10 10 10 135

Flock change New Old NewFlavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0Adelaide River Date bled 7/7 4/8 25/8 6/10 3/11 8/12 5/1 2/2 1/3 22/3 3/5 7/6Coastal Plains Nos bled 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 140

Res. Stn. Flock change NewBeatrice Hill Flavi only 0

(Rural) KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Jabiru Date bled 25/7Nos bled 9 9

Flock change

Flavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0Nhulunbuy Date bled 30/7 25/9 6/11 11/12 12/2 25/3 22/4 10/6

Nos bled 10 10 10 9 8 8 8 8 71

Flock change

Flavi only 1 1

KUNV 5 5MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Alyangula Date bled 3/7 28/7 22/8 22/9 23/10 4/12 18/12 30/1Nos bled 12 12 11 10 10 10 10 10 85

Flock change

Flavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

EA

ST

AR

NH

EM

DA

RW

IN

MarchAugustJuly January FebruaryNovember DecemberOctoberSeptember April May June

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Medical Entomology DoH22/11/2012

TABLE 13: COMBINED DoH AND DPIMF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE

PROGRESSIVE RESULTS OF NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING 2011/12

REGION LOCATION Total +ve Total bledMarchAugustJuly January FebruaryNovember DecemberOctoberSeptember April May June

Katherine Date bled 10/8 14/9 27/9 27/10 29/11 22/12 30/1 6/3 29/3 11/5 29/6Res. Stn. Nos bled 9 12 12 11 8 11 11 11 10 11 11 117

Flock change NewFlavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 2 2

MVEV/KUNV 0

Nathan River Date bled 1/8 29/8 15/9 14/10 14/11 16/12 24/1 28/2 27/3 16/4 22/5Nos bled 12 11 10 10 9 10 8 9 9 7 5 100

Flock change New NewFlavi only 1 1 2

KUNV 3 3

MVEV 4 2 6

MVEV/KUNV 0Tennant Creek Date bled 4/1 14/3 19/4

Nos bled 6 14 12 32

Flock change

Flavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0Arid Zone Date bled 6/7 3/8 12/9 4/10 1/11 5/1 9/2 6/3 3/4 1/5 5/6Research Nos bled 9 9 9 9 9 17 17 7 9 9 8 112Institute Flock change

Flavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0Ilparpa Date bled 6/7 3/8 12/9 4/10

Nos bled 9 9 9 9 36

Flock change

Flavi only 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Flavi only 3

KUNV 8

MVEV 8

MVEV/KUNV 0

Number bled 981

0

0

0

1

0

0

00

100

BA

RK

LY

AL

ICE

SP

RIN

GS

Monthly Summary

KA

TH

ER

INE

Note: MVEV/KUNV can either be MVE or KUN or both and can't be differentiated between.

0

0

0 0

0

0

86

1

0

0

0

89

0

91 72

0

0

0

0

105

0

0

0

0

2

5887

00

68

0

105

0 00

06

53 0

59

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

61

0

F:\ento\ento files\pubic info\annual rep\anrp 2011_12\Table13_Sent ch progressive NT 2011-12.xls

Medical Entomology DoH22/11/2012

TABLE 14: COMBINED DoH AND DPIFM NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE

SUMMARY OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS BY MONTH JUL 1992 - JUN 2012

LOCATION Flock established July August September October November December January February March April May June + ve Totals Totals bled

Darwin Rural January 1992 Nos bled 188 194 199 202 171 204 183 150 158 212 231 204 2296Howard Springs KUNV 3 1 3 3 2 3 1 11 4 31

MVEV 2 3 2 1 1 1 7 6 23Darwin urban September 1992 Nos bled 177 188 206 215 192 191 200 185 208 227 241 209 2439Leanyer KUNV 3 2 2 1 1 7 3 7 11 4 41

MVEV 1 1 9 2 7 4 24Coastal Plains July 1993 Nos bled 186 212 194 169 219 137 200 202 270 221 225 207 2442Research Station KUNV 1 3 2 4 3 3 8 5 29Adelaide River MVEV 3 1 6 21 5 10 7 53Kakadu November 2004 Nos bled 25 20 18 12 28 16 28 7 64 36 41 45 340Jabiru KUNV 1 2 2 1 11 2 19

MVEV 2 2 2 2 8Nhulunbuy January 1992 Nos bled 108 93 112 110 84 62 92 104 121 108 128 105 1227

KUNV 2 1 1 3 1 7 7 2 24MVEV 1 2 1 3 4 4 15

Alyangula Nos bled 57 49 30 39 36 48 38 48 52 54 55 32 538KUNV 1 1MVEV 0

Katherine June 1993 Nos bled 155 144 200 189 127 165 171 195 240 181 137 157 2061KUNV 1 3 1 3 5 8 6 5 32MVEV 2 1 2 3 8 11 8 11 3 49

Nathan River April 2006 Nos bled 10 63 63 24 48 44 48 49 54 60 39 68 570KUNV 1 3 2 6 2 1 2 17MVEV 7 4 6 1 3 3 24

Tennant Creek February 1995 Nos bled 59 74 46 48 66 96 103 103 208 148 133 62 1146KUNV 2 1 1 10 10 2 1 27MVEV 3 4 28 25 10 9 1 80

Alice Springs November 1996 Nos bled 148 166 143 134 148 153 127 159 192 157 144 169 1840Arid Zone KUNV 2 1 3Research Institution MVEV 1 5 4 10 2 2 24Alice Springs January 2002 Nos bled 91 112 90 93 91 87 80 92 89 106 93 105 1129Ilparpa KUNV 0

MVEV 4 4Totals KUNV 11 12 7 1 1 5 10 22 33 39 57 26 224

MVEV 9 6 1 5 1 7 12 53 78 45 55 32 304Number bled 1204 1315 1301 1235 1210 1203 1270 1294 1656 1510 1467 1363 16028

F:\ento_ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\suumary_tables\Table14_seroconv by month 1991_12.xls\seroc_month_9112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 15: COMBINED DoH AND DPIFM NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE

NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING BY YEAR JUL 1992-JUN 2012

LOCATION Flock established 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 + ve Totals

Darwin Rural January 1992 MVEV 7 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 23Howard Springs KUNV 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 3 31

Nos bled 69 75 160 92 84 120 127 137 118 166 166 95 127 125 103 75 48 162 112 135 2296Darwin urban September 1992 MVEV 1 10 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 23Leanyer KUNV 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 5 1 6 5 5 6 41

Nos bled 81 92 137 89 81 101 128 163 133 132 161 103 102 134 140 140 104 142 132 144 2439Coastal Plains July 1993 MVEV 13 4 4 5 3 3 1 2 4 1 1 10 2 53Adelaide River KUNV 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 3 1 7 29

Nos bled 121 139 132 138 129 135 158 130 147 160 113 113 122 102 120 120 105 118 140 2442Kakadu November 2004 MVEV 3 2 2 1 8Gagadju KUNV 5 4 1 9 19

Nos bled 44 25 72 49 27 40 74 9 340Nhulunbuy January 1992 MVEV 3 1 4 1 1 2 3 11

KUNV 2 2 3 2 1 4 1 2 2 5 22Nos bled 30 15 10 85 93 97 85 75 73 72 72 72 68 86 53 61 109 71 1227

Alyangula April 2006 MVEV 0

KUNV 1 1Nos bled 31 27 32 66 155 142 85 538

Katherine June 1993 MVEV 12 3 1 2 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 2 8 2 49KUNV 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 6 6 2 2 4 32Nos bled 69 67 50 43 127 85 128 109 136 164 99 97 126 129 128 111 144 132 117 2061

Nathan River April 2006 MVEV 3 3 2 10 6 24

KUNV 1 3 3 7 3 17Nos bled 34 110 78 73 79 96 100 570

Tennant Creek February 1995 MVEV 7 7 10 8 12 6 1 1 1 17 4 6 80KUNV 3 3 5 1 4 1 1 6 3 24Nos bled 20 65 60 73 55 73 60 55 96 96 59 69 67 41 91 72 62 32 1146

Alice Springs November 1996 MVEV 7 5 8 2 2 22Arid Zone KUNV 1 2 3Research Nos bled 21 75 126 109 144 114 99 75 131 122 118 112 115 90 159 118 112 1840Institution 0Alice Springs January 2002 MVEV 4 0Ilparpa KUNV 0

Nos bled 71 118 115 86 120 116 110 85 146 126 36 1129

Totals MVEV 8 44 8 4 21 2 20 27 26 17 2 2 12 15 11 5 52 5 15 8 304

KUNV 3 4 2 7 4 8 6 10 9 10 8 9 11 13 24 18 27 2 41 8 224Nos bled 180 372 544 428 491 761 732 900 749 881 1013 824 822 976 1046 974 868 1265 1221 981 16028

F/ento/ento files/programs/sentinel flocks/chickens/summary tables/conv by year/Table15_serocon by years 92-12.xls/seroconv by year 92_12 Medical Entomology CDC DoH27/11/2012

TABLE 16:


(all adult mosquito collection methods)

Mosquito species collected in 2011/12


Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catastictaAe. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Cha) elchoensisAe. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Fin) britteniAe. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Fin) kochiAe. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Fin) notoscriptusAe. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mol) pecuniosusAe. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Muc) alternansAe. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) phaecasiatusAe. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Mac) species 76 Ae. daliensisAe. (Mac) tremulus An. (Ano) bancroftiiAe. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) amictusAe. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) farauti s.l.Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis An. (Cel) hilliAe. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) meraukensisAe. (Och) phaecasiatus An. (Cel) novaguinensisAe. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogasterAe. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cui) pullusAe. (Psk) bancroftianus Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisAe. (Rhi) longirostris Cx. (Cux) palpalisAe. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusAe. daliensis Cx. (Cux) sitiensAn. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Cux) vicinusAn. (Ano) powelli Cx. (Cux) Vishnui groupAn. (Cel) amictus Cx. (Lop) cubiculiAn. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Lop) hilliAn. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cx. (Lop) species 167An. (Cel) hilli Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusAn. (Cel) meraukensis Ho. ( ) species 157An. (Cel) novaguinensis Ma. (Mnd) uniformisCq. (Coq) near crassipes Tp. (Trp) magnesianusCq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ur. (Ura) lateralisCx. (Cui) pullus Ve. (Ver) funereaCx. (Cux) annulirostris Ve. (Ver) reesiCx. (Cux) gelidusCx. (Cux) palpalisCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusCx. (Cux) sitiensCx. (Cux) species 32Cx. (Cux) vicinusCx. (Cux) Vishnui groupCx. (Lop) cubiculiCx. (Lop) hilliCx. (Lop) species 155Cx. (Lop) species 167Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Ocu) squamosusCx. (Ocu) starckeaeHo. ( ) species 157Ma. (Mnd) uniformisMi. (Eto) elegansMi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallicaTp. (Pol) punctolateralisTp. (Trp) magnesianusUr. (Pfc) diagonalisUr. (Ura) albescensUr. (Ura) argyrotarsisUr. (Ura) lateralisUr. (Ura) moresbyensisUr. (Ura) nivipesUr. (Ura) novaguinensisUr. (Ura) species 82Ve. (Ver) funereaVe. (Ver) reesi

Adult mosquito species list Gove PeninsularCollected by ME, DoH

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table16_species list Nhul 1112.xls\Species list Nhul town_1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 17: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY.1 JULY 2011 TO 30 JUNE 2012.

NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE SIX CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTALS AVERAGE %

Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other PER TRAP

NIGHT

1 Contractors Village 769 40 6 0 539 819 19 296 2488 15 165.87 11.22

2 Rear Jasper 252 20 14 0 385 520 287 160 1638 13 126.00 7.39

3 Buffalo Creek 470 22 75 12 72 108 3 325 1087 14 77.64 4.90

4 Wallaby Beach 9919 195 71 5 17 2916 0 763 13886 16 867.88 62.62

5 Nhulunbuy South 954 18 14 3 88 493 3 313 1886 15 125.73 8.51

6 Industrial Estate 220 4 0 0 89 213 3 660 1189 15 79.27 5.36

TOTALS 12584 299 180 20 1190 5069 315 2517 22174 88 251.98 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 143.00 3.40 2.05 0.23 13.52 57.60 3.58 28.60 251.98

PERCENTAGE % 56.75 1.35 0.81 0.09 5.37 22.86 1.42 11.35 100.00

NO. OF SUCCESSFUL TRAP NIGHTS


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table17_18_19_rain_disease_species_Nhul_1112.xls\gmss1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/11/2012

TABLE 18:

SPECIES

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Ae. (Och) vigilax 14.45 75.69 35.18 44.26 84.29 43.45 32.97 95.74 65.02 98.65 135.04 105.34 66.36 50.62 42.59 52.07 130.94 169.37

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 1.74 1.85 2.27 3.07 1.39 1.30 1.60 4.82 3.38 3.39 3.87 2.16 1.98 3.56 11.47 6.62 5.91 4.04

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 2.37 4.56 2.61 9.61 9.39 9.89 3.86 5.78 1.58 3.44 9.98 2.19 13.64 2.88 9.16 5.15 3.64 2.47

An. (Cel) meraukensis 0.69 0.77 0.80 0.54 0.81 0.45 1.14 0.33 0.24 0.96 1.60 0.69 1.08 1.04 2.34 1.14 0.66 0.27

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 1.59 3.10 3.29 1.69 7.66 3.14 8.00 4.61 5.32 22.21 16.59 9.37 23.63 8.46 21.39 17.17 85.24 15.08

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 19.74 24.39 26.30 36.52 39.25 34.05 37.67 100.55 115.81 52.83 81.96 73.59 43.09 52.54 95.79 136.56 116.34 66.52

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 5.15 12.83 8.88 9.97 22.84 29.44 36.62 19.58 0.77 8.45 32.23 4.48 11.26 10.51 14.64 17.26 33.06 4.27

Other species 7.07 10.73 9.55 12.41 14.35 13.41 15.96 37.42 9.70 12.41 13.69 19.50 14.86 19.91 35.49 38.42 36.65 25.44

TOTALS 52.79 133.91 88.88 118.09 179.97 135.13 137.82 268.83 201.82 202.34 294.96 217.32 175.89 149.51 232.87 274.39 412.43 287.47

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp. and Cx. palpalis.

MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE FIVE CONTINUOUS WEEKLY

CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1994/95 TO 2011/12.


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table17_18_19_rain_disease_species_Nhul_1112.xls\GMaver7sp94_11_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/11/2012

TABLE 19: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUYTOTAL NUMBERS OF MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE

SIX WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SITE TRAP SITE

NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

1 Contractors Village N/S N/S N/S 2685 3745 3998 3666 3823 3326 3452 4350 19073 8401 8160 7557 6345 4629 5200 7022 4540 6375 2488

2 Rear Jasper 6649 9522 6287 8630 3268 6829 6163 9015 12992 11128 14672 18719 16090 5458 8787 8478 7176 6589 7625 8859 13718 1638

3 Buffalo Creek 5194 3980 2673 5311 1723 5477 2261 6226 6045 5121 4727 2889 2670 4517 4550 4102 3043 2633 1400 3976 4094 1087

4 Wallaby Beach 10236 8599 10531 10094 2770 13531 7892 7375 20780 11601 7647 14828 11019 16331 14744 9355 6143 9258 6456 8766 6754 13886

5 Nhulunbuy South 2991 5438 3241 3739 1216 3911 2504 3909 3830 3021 1404 4172 2587 3169 4181 5187 3106 1588 1948 2396 5353 1886

6 Industrial Estate N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S 1249 2687 2194 2290 2933 1717 2714 1189

TOTALS 25070 27539 22732 30459 12722 33746 22486 30348 46973 34323 32800 59681 40767 37635 41068 36154 26291 27558 27384 30254 39008 22174

TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 184 179 203 222 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 153 177 160 169 125 127 106 88

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGH 136.25 153.85 111.98 137.20 52.79 139.45 92.53 124.38 191.73 139.52 132.79 240.65 163.72 150.54 268.42 204.26 164.32 163.07 219.07 238.22 368.00 251.98

N/S = Traps Not set

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER YEAR

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table17_18_19_rain_disease_species_Nhul_1112.xls\GMTOTSP90_11_(all_monit_sites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 20:

Mosquito species collected since 1978/99 to 2010/11




Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catastictaAe. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Fin) kochiAe. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptusAe. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Stg) katherinensisAe. (Mac) species 121 An. (Ano) bancroftiiAe. (Mac) species 76 An. (Ano) powelliAe. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) amictusAe. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) farauti s.l.Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) hilliAe. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) meraukensisAe. (Och) phaecasiatus An. (Cel) novaguinensisAe. (Och) vigilax Cq. (Coq) xanthogasterAe. (Rhi) longirostris Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisAe. (Stg) aegypti * Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusAe. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) sitiensAe. daliensis Cx. (Lop) hilliAn. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Lop) species 167An. (Ano) powelli Cx. (Ocu) squamosusAn. (Cel) amictus Ma. (Mnd) uniformisAn. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ve. (Ver) reesiAn. (Cel) farauti s.l.An. (Cel) hilliAn. (Cel) meraukensisAn. (Cel) novaguinensisCq. (Coq) xanthogasterCx. (Cui) pullusCx. (Cux) annulirostrisCx. (Cux) crinicaudaCx. (Cux) gelidusCx. (Cux) palpalisCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusCx. (Cux) sitiensCx. (Cux) vicinusCx. (Cux) Vishnui groupCx. (Lop) cubiculiCx. (Lop) hilliCx. (Lop) species 155Cx. (Lop) species 167Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Ocu) squamosusHo. ( ) species 157Ma. (Mnd) uniformisMi. (Eto) elegansTp. (Pol) punctolateralisTp. (Trp) magnesianusUr. (Pfc) diagonalisUr. (Ura) albescensUr. (Ura) lateralisUr. (Ura) moresbyensisUr. (Ura) nivipesUr. (Ura) species 156Ve. (Ver) funereaVe. (Ver) reesi

* Note: Ae. (Stg) aegypti was detected in Alyangula in October 2006, and declared eradicated in May 2008.

Adult mosquito species list Groote Eylandt (Includes collections from Alyangula town, Angurugu and Umbakumba)

Collected by ME, DoH

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table20_species list1112.xls\Species list Alyangula_1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 21: MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA1 JULY 2011 TO 30 JUNE 2012.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOESTOTALS

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other

1 Mine Site 1 6 32 14 6 66 91 75 290 21 13.81 28.07

2 Township Site 2 13 421 2 43 8 45 102 634 22 28.82 61.37

3 Alyangula Golf Course Site 3 12 31 2 3 8 6 47 109 18 6.06 10.55

TOTALS 31 484 18 52 82 142 224 1033 61 16.93 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.51 7.93 0.30 0.85 1.34 2.33 3.67 16.93

PERCENTAGE % 3.00 46.85 1.74 5.03 7.94 13.75 21.68 100.00

NO. OF SUCCESSFUL TRAP NIGHTS

AVERAGE PER TRAP

NIGHT %SITE NO. TRAP SITE

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table21_22_23rain_disease_species_Alyangula_1112.xls\grootess1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/11/2012

TABLE 22:MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA

AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1995/96 TO 2011/12.

SPECIES

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 2.18 3.03 2.26 10.00 5.89 3.21 0.84 2.50 2.89 1.56 4.26 5.26 0.37 0.46 0.62 0.63 0.51

Ae. (Och) vigilax 9.27 15.94 16.34 14.44 1.84 4.13 9.58 43.20 37.48 3.56 16.28 9.64 11.11 17.98 4.41 1.23 7.93

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 0.76 0.14 0.29 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.89 1.85 2.38 1.05 0.48 0.41 0.36 0.20 1.85 0.31 0.30

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 0.79 0.06 0.23 1.23 0.64 1.19 1.32 1.31 0.75 0.37 0.29 0.13 0.41 0.07 0.15 0.38 0.85

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 3.06 1.66 5.14 2.35 2.52 2.68 2.89 7.11 5.09 1.97 6.26 2.53 1.74 2.05 2.59 0.15 1.34

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 8.61 13.54 10.57 4.33 11.43 10.34 5.63 20.50 10.42 7.18 1.69 14.40 9.50 10.76 4.18 2.21 2.33

Other species 2.67 1.94 4.34 7.28 6.02 2.79 3.21 10.46 11.00 4.84 9.26 6.43 4.00 4.05 5.38 6.56 3.67

TOTALS 27.33 36.31 39.17 39.81 28.55 24.53 24.37 86.94 70.02 20.53 38.52 38.80 27.50 35.56 19.18 11.46 16.93

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp.* and Cx. palpalis.


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table21_22_23rain_disease_species_Alyangula_1112.xls\groote_aver6sp90_12 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/11/2012

TABLE 23: MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA1 JULY 1995 TO 30 JUNE 2012.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE TRAP SITE

NO. 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

1 Mine Site 1 233 448 466 249 537 546 172 1711 1470 821 393 1236 880 623 260 236 290

2 Township Site 2 195 403 425 780 336 203 86 1417 1193 86 573 746 400 520 225 227 634

3 Alyangula Golf Course Site 3 474 420 480 683 383 404 205 1567 1818 366 1538 734 645 315 167 87 109

TOTALS 902 1271 1371 1712 1256 1153 463 4695 4481 1273 2504 2716 1925 1458 652 550 1033

TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 33 35 35 43 44 47 19 54 64 62 65 70 70 41 34 48 61

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 27.33 36.31 39.17 39.81 28.55 24.53 24.37 86.94 70.02 20.53 38.52 38.80 27.50 35.56 19.18 11.46 16.93


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TABLE 24:





Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catastictaAe. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatusAe. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Cha) elchoensisAe. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Fin) notoscriptusAe. (Cha) wattensis Ae. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Mol) pecuniosusAe. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Muc) alternansAe. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Neo) lineatopennisAe. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) normanensisAe. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Mac) species 76 (confirmed id) An. (Ano) bancroftiiAe. (Mac) stoneorum An. (Cel) amictusAe. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) farauti s.l.Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) hilliAe. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) meraukensisAe. (Och) eidsvoldensis An. (Cel) novaguinensisAe. (Och) normanensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogasterAe. (Och) phaecasiatus Cx. (Cui) pullusAe. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisAe. (Och) species 159 Cx. (Cux) gelidusAe. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) palpalisAe. (Och) vittiger Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusAe. (Psk) bancroftianus Cx. (Cux) sitiensAe. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) vicinusAe.(Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Cux) Vishnui groupAn. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Lop) species 155An. (Ano) powelli Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusAn. (Cel) amictus Ma. (Mnd) uniformisAn. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Tp. (Pol) punctolateralisAn. (Cel) farauti s.l. Ur. (Ura) albescensAn. (Cel) hilli Ve. (Ver) reesiAn. (Cel) meraukensisAn. (Cel) novaguinensisCq. (Coq) xanthogasterCx. (Cui) pullusCx. (Cux) annulirostrisCx. (Cux) australicus (possible misidentification)Cx. (Cux) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Cux) crinicaudaCx. (Cux) gelidusCx. (Cux) palpalisCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusCx. (Cux) sitiensCx. (Cux) species 32Cx. (Cux) squamosusCx. (Cux) starckeaeCx. (Cux) vicinusCx. (Cux) Vishnui groupCx. (Lop) hilliCx. (Lop) species 155Cx. (Lop) species 167Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Ocu) squamosusCx. (Ocu) starckeaeMa. (Mnd) uniformisMi. (Eto) elegansTp. (Pol) punctolateralisTp. (Trp) magnesianusUr. (Ura) albescensUr. (Ura) nivipesVe. (Ver) funereaVe. (Ver) reesi

Adult mosquito species list Katherine town Collected by ME, DoH

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TABLE 25: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE.1 JULY 2011 TO 30 JUNE 2012.

NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE FIVE CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES TOTALS NO. OF AVERAGE %

Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other SUCCESSFUL PER TRAP

TRAP NIGHTS NIGHT

1 Dairy Dam 398 62 55 19 37 102 0 72 745 8 93.13 13.10

2 Meatworks 626 67 329 6 5 115 12 37 1197 10 119.70 21.04

3 Katherine Sewage Ponds 129 12 2458 2 12 540 1 65 3219 10 321.90 56.59

5 O'Keefe Residence 76 57 25 4 29 53 66 217 527 11 47.91 9.27

TOTALS 1229 198 2867 31 83 810 79 391 5688 39 145.85 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 31.51 5.08 73.51 0.79 2.13 20.77 2.03 10.03 145.85

PERCENTAGE % 21.61 3.48 50.40 0.55 1.46 14.24 1.39 6.87 100.00

Hickeys Lake trap not set in 2011/12 as the Hickeys lake area did not flood.Note: Due to revision of the program, trapping was only conducted between 2nd Nov 2011 and 28th April 2012.

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TABLE 26: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE.AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE 3 CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS

FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Ae. (Och) normanensis 2.50 0.26 8.03 1.28 3.51 4.03 4.60 0.55 1.36 3.05 6.02 2.01 1.24 11.03 1.87 15.16 2.50 0.49 7.66 11.36 16.69 41.18

Ae. (Och) vigilax 1.34 0.26 0.60 1.17 1.41 0.09 0.51 0.30 2.15 1.37 0.13 0.34 0.66 2.09 0.05 0.61 0.53 0.65 0.97 0.69 0.15 5.04

An. (Cel) amictus 63.16 2.93 10.34 7.77 2.89 5.78 7.60 6.93 7.01 3.95 3.53 3.92 1.58 1.80 4.65 12.53 1.86 1.52 5.27 4.72 22.42 101.50

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 1.24 0.15 0.87 0.94 0.49 0.34 2.35 3.31 0.50 0.88 0.25 0.34 0.39 2.25 1.02 2.66 0.34 0.48 1.66 0.49 2.69 0.96

Cx. (Cui) pullus 4.58 0.15 2.43 5.66 16.52 0.59 8.69 18.32 7.25 22.53 50.96 33.66 19.42 38.17 1.40 134.59 12.19 40.46 48.90 54.15 18.19 1.93

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 196.34 30.43 129.91 88.95 107.84 25.69 65.93 117.62 37.60 59.62 60.75 207.29 41.64 55.17 8.56 84.69 23.36 57.89 45.37 39.49 28.58 27.04

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 2.84 0.98 0.87 1.45 1.82 1.09 2.94 1.26 1.28 1.37 4.34 5.91 1.80 17.01 6.16 6.36 12.03 11.35 5.57 1.15 0.38 0.46

Other species 2.87 0.67 1.00 0.55 2.53 1.34 2.69 0.81 5.39 14.72 22.15 13.21 3.09 9.05 3.50 69.85 7.86 6.33 21.91 6.46 11.23 6.21

TOTALS 274.87 35.85 154.06 107.77 137.01 38.97 95.32 149.11 62.54 107.49 148.13 266.68 69.83 136.58 27.21 326.46 60.67 119.17 137.30 118.51 100.35 184.32

Note: No trapping conducted between 2nd Nov and 28th April due to revision of the program.

Continuous trap sites includes Dairy Dam, Meatworks and Katherine Sewage Pond

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp.* and Cx. palpalis.


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TABLE 27: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE.TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS

FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SITE TRAP SITE

NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

1 Dairy Billabong 8959 2218 3956 3700 5487 275 3656 3975 2458 8619 11106 10681

2 Dairy Dam 4218 405 3042 2537 6166 620 2779 1858 1667 3635 4108 13905 2386 3408 756 8400 736 3609 3914 3508 596 745

3 Meatworks 491 731 5983 2640 2046 1146 1973 4108 1604 1641 1583 2817 505 4224 544 10887 1536 2640 3266 427 764 1197

4 Katherine Sewage Ponds 5736 513 1759 1720 1790 728 2111 5068 1232 3108 8085 3546 2416 2748 387 4871 1611 1259 2019 687 1249 3219

5 Hickey's Farm 2271 887 1507 2388 70 6970 435 1081 541 237 425

6 O'Keefe residence 204 1801 1567 974 5481 761 1229 673 296 526 527

7 Second Street - Govt. Centre. 21 417 183 412 186 45

8 Katherine Sports Grounds 133

TOTALS 19404 3867 14740 10597 15489 2769 10519 15009 6961 17003 27153 32040 8615 14335 2752 37026 5262 10230 10599 5333 3560 5688


AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 352.80 62.37 156.81 127.67 159.68 32.58 108.44 151.61 71.76 161.93 201.13 305.14 80.51 131.51 30.58 270.26 46.98 90.53 109.27 78.43 84.76 145.85

Note: No trapping conducted after 28th May 2010 due to revision of the program


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TABLE 28:





Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) normanensisAe. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Stg) aegypti **Ae. (Mac) species 125 An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Ae. (Mac) species 76 Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisAe. (Mac) species nr 147? Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusAe. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Muc) alternansAe. (Neo) lineatopennisAe. (Och) eidsvoldensisAe. (Och) normanensisAe. (Och) pseudonormanensisAe. (Och) species 159Ae. (Och) species 71Ae. (Och) species 85Ae. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Och) vittigerAe. (Psk) bancroftianusAe. (Stg) aegypti*An. (Cel) amictusAn. (Cel) annulipes s.l.An. (Cel) hilliAn. (Cel) novaguinensis (possible misidentification)Cx. (Cui) pullusCx. (Cux) annulirostrisCx. (Cux) australicusCx. (Cux) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Cux) crinicaudaCx. (Cux) gelidusCx. (Cux) palpalisCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusCx. (Cux) starckeaeCx. (Cux) Vishnui group #Cx. (Lop) cylindricusTp. (Pol) punctolateralis

*Note: Established in Tennant Creek in 2004 - 2006 and declared eradicated in March 2006.** Note: Re-established in Tennant Creek in 2011 - an elimination project is currently conducted#Note: Features rubbedNote: No regular routine adult mosquito monitoring was carried out in Tennant Creek in 2011/12 due tothe detection of Ae. aegypti

Adult mosquito species list Tennant Creek town Collected by MB, DoH

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TABLE 29: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEKTOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS

FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12

SITE TRAP SITE

NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

1 Ford Crescent 0 0 762 128 83 n/a 60 103 n/a 907 4263 404 1429 377 80 995 573 152 6 n/a 66 n/a

2 Hospital Grounds 1 18 519 148 89 n/a 125 126 n/a 742 5700 222 2355 359 47 566 547 128 1405 n/a 585 n/a

3 Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds 692 34 2446 475 40 n/a 642 268 n/a 2079 30197 2389 6641 1603 244 5924 2404 1015 13522 n/a 4634 n/a

TOTALS 693 52 3727 751 212 n/a 827 497 n/a 3728 40160 3015 10425 2339 371 7485 3524 1295 14933 n/a 5285 n/a

TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 4 12 42 30 9 n/a 5 24 n/a 21 33 46 40 27 77 108 68 40 13 n/a 15 n/a

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 173.25 4.33 88.74 25.03 23.56 n/a 165.40 20.71 n/a 177.52 1216.97 65.54 260.63 86.63 4.82 69.31 51.82 32.38 1148.69 n/a 352.33 n/a

No traps set for 1995/96, 1998/99, 2009/10 and 2011/12.

Note: The Ford Crescent trap site was moved to 3 Kittle St in March 2009.


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TABLE 30: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEKAVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Ae. (Och) normanensis 11.00 0.00 20.74 9.17 3.67 n/a 6.40 1.17 n/a 15.90 439.76 28.76 94.35 56.52 0.13 9.31 5.35 0.48 1021.38 n/a 243.67 n/a

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.56 n/a 3.00 0.25 n/a 7.57 19.15 2.04 0.50 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 n/a 0.00 n/a

An. (Cel) amictus 71.50 0.08 2.64 2.13 0.00 n/a 57.20 1.88 n/a 2.10 3.91 0.67 16.65 0.74 0.88 6.97 13.41 1.65 21.54 n/a 1.00 n/a

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 86.00 3.00 44.26 5.97 1.11 n/a 75.60 9.21 n/a 118.33 744.18 29.33 130.35 12.26 1.86 24.26 21.19 25.25 86.85 n/a 90.33 n/a

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 0.50 0.83 18.31 7.10 17.78 n/a 14.60 7.88 n/a 5.29 3.33 2.41 14.70 7.48 1.00 3.91 8.04 1.35 10.85 n/a 7.93 n/a

Other species 4.25 0.42 2.79 0.50 0.44 n/a 8.60 0.33 n/a 28.33 6.64 2.33 4.08 9.37 0.95 24.86 3.82 3.65 8.08 n/a 9.40 n/a

TOTALS 173.25 4.33 88.74 25.03 23.56 0.00 165.40 20.71 n/a 177.52 1216.97 65.54 260.63 86.63 4.82 69.31 51.82 32.38 1148.69 n/a 352.33 n/a

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.

No traps set for 1995/96, 1998/99, 2009/10 and 2011/12

Continuous trap sites includes Ford Crescent, Kittle St, Hospital Grounds and Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds

Trapping is conducted in the wet season only.In 2008/09 the Ford Cr trap was moved to Kittle St. The data is included in this table, as both trap sites are very close.


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TABLE 31:


(all collection methods)Mosquito species collected in

2011/12

Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. (Fin) notoscriptusAe. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Mac) species 125Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) species nr 147?Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Mac) tremulusAe. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Muc) alternansAe. (Mac) species 126 (confirmed) Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensisAe. (Mac) species 76 Ae. (Och) normanensisAe. (Mac) species nr 147? Ae. (Och) species 71Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Och) species 85Ae. (Muc) alternans Ae. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Och) eidsvoldensis Ae. (Och) vittigerAe. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) amictusAe. (Och) pseudonormanensis An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Ae. (Och) sagax Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisAe. (Och) sapiens Cx. (Cux) australicusAe. (Och) species 159 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusAe. (Och) species 71 Tp. (Pol) punctolateralisAe. (Och) species 85Ae. (Och) theobaldiAe. (Och) vigilaxAe. (Och) vittigerAe. (Psk) bancroftianusAe.(Och) pseudonormanensisAn. (Ano) bancroftiiAn. (Cel) amictusAn. (Cel) annulipes s.l.Cq. (Coq) xanthogasterCx. (Cui) pullusCx. (Cux) annulirostrisCx. (Cux) australicusCx. (Cux) gelidusCx. (Cux) globocoxitusCx. (Cux) palpalis (possible misidentification)Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusCx. (Cux) species 92Cx. (Cux) starckeaeCx. (Lop) cubiculiCx. (Lop) cylindricusTp. (Pol) punctolateralis

Adult mosquito species list Alice Springs town Collected by ME, DoH

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TABLE 32: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS.1 JULY 2011 TO 30 JUNE 2012.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOESAn. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) australicus Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other

1 Ilparpa Swamp A 56 76 1007 196 0 47 143 1525 45 33.89 39.61

2 Ilparpa Swamp B 28 2 936 120 0 30 37 1153 42 27.45 29.95

3 Bloomfield Street 1 23 22 0 0 97 12 155 43 3.60 4.03

4 Old Timers 3 6 62 19 0 51 41 182 39 4.67 4.73

5 Lilliecrapp Road 46 6 52 10 0 29 29 172 39 4.41 4.47

6 Greatorex Road 81 14 451 39 0 20 58 663 43 15.42 17.22

TOTALS 215 127 2530 384 0 274 320 3850 251 15.34 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.86 0.51 10.08 1.53 0.00 1.09 1.27 15.34

PERCENTAGE % 5.58 3.30 65.71 9.97 0.00 7.12 8.31 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP

NIGHT %SITE NO. TRAP SITE

NO. OF SUCCESSFUL

TRAP NIGHTSTOTALS

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TABLE 33: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGSAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

An. (Cel) amictus 1.02 0.30 0.18 1.45 0.55 0.00 39.09 0.09 0.16 10.62 15.56 4.31 3.61 0.44 0.05 0.08 1.32 0.21 0.27 0.88 2.31 0.52

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 29.34 16.71 13.94 27.73 19.44 2.97 10.78 1.22 15.95 8.82 12.70 0.90 2.49 2.65 0.54 0.09 0.28 0.17 0.50 0.77 3.54 0.63

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 98.01 28.84 30.13 23.59 129.59 4.21 116.63 6.38 76.32 315.48 433.47 96.79 67.42 23.75 0.60 0.62 12.88 7.17 9.39 28.65 35.67 11.99

Cx. (Cux) australicus 158.95 12.89 31.54 47.20 32.45 22.44 12.10 9.40 19.18 10.75 1.03 1.04 1.89 14.85 0.37 2.75 0.84 1.24 1.26 1.58 4.83 1.98

Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus 20.76 439.82 78.54 45.18 25.02 91.97 25.89 26.49 259.82 116.90 162.29 212.52 81.09 100.48 75.75 10.15 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.33 0.03 0

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 468.91 27.96 14.69 13.28 27.95 7.25 9.58 4.26 4.42 12.63 4.04 5.51 5.58 5.96 1.33 6.01 3.46 3.03 16.08 5.60 3.28 1.33

Other species 0.40 8.02 1.35 1.34 2.00 0.19 1.06 0.31 0.79 8.79 7.44 2.81 2.41 1.15 0.12 0.74 0.51 0.18 0.21 1.71 3.32 1.38

TOTALS 777.39 534.54 170.36 159.78 236.99 129.04 215.14 48.16 376.63 483.99 636.51 323.89 164.48 149.28 78.75 20.43 19.42 11.99 27.73 39.53 52.98 17.84

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* includes: Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.


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TABLE 34: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGSTOTAL NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN ALL

WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2011/12.

SITE TRAP SITE

NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

1 Swamp A 48077 29732 18183 8418 4862 8353 10788 1630 25480 17755 40127 26737 20221 18497 9316 1412 1812 846 2344 3210 5011 1525

2 Swamp B 74229 57547 9273 16834 26602 11146 21131 6096 33337 62831 75104 25080 9466 7030 2781 857 1301 1033 504 3604 1944 1153

3 Bloomfield Street 2026 4138 1769 2076 2770 1320 1738 695 956 1546 2015 2607 1138 1442 454 1243 571 286 1062 512 598 155

4 Old Timers 7825 9077 2802 780 4089 3170 6117 905 4578 7683 9057 9710 2417 2153 3278 553 141 209 1441 738 1242 182

5 Lilliecrapp Road 4580 10729 6111 18204 1398 6953 25330 21186 10664 1501 2525 2347 1435 149 118 462 495 3011 172

6 Greatorex Road 3088 12194 907 15540 36385 35686 25159 6884 9285 8595 2175 613 262 1999 5957 5811 663

7 5 Mcminn Street 44 11

TOTALS 132157 100494 32027 32688 49052 33188 70172 11631 86844 151530 183175 99957 41627 40932 26815 7686 4587 2754 7812 14516 17617 3850



Lilliecrapp Road commenced 28/7/1993

Greatorex Road commenced 4/10/1995

5 Mcminn Street commenced 13/10/2004


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TABLE 35: AQIS EXOTIC MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2011 TO JUNE 2012.TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED EVS MOSQUITO TRAPS.

Ad.

(A

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(M

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(M

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(O

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Ae.

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is

An.

(A

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(C

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Cx.

(C

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liro

stri

s

Cx.

(C

ux)

geli

dus

Cx.

(C

ux)

palp

alis

Cx.

(C

ux)

quin

quef

asci

atus

Cx.

(C

ux)

sitie

ns

Ma.

(M

nd)

unif

orm

is

mos

quito

es u

nide

ntifi

able

(d

amag

ed)

Ur.

(U

ra)

nivi

pes

Ve.

(V

er)

fune

rea

2A FRA (RAAF) - Fighter Replenishment Apron Site 2A 0 2 5 1 20 58 0 1 1 1 0 397 284 2 6 75 15 41 0 0 0 909 48 18.94 49.38

4 Airport - Site 4 0 1 1 0 0 15 0 0 0 1 0 2 9 0 0 3 2 11 0 0 1 46 49 0.94 2.50

5 FHW (Fort Hill Wharf) - Site 5 1 0 32 0 0 523 2 0 0 2 1 9 210 5 0 22 16 6 1 1 55 886 49 18.08 48.13

TOTALS 1 3 38 1 20 596 2 1 1 4 1 408 503 7 6 100 33 58 1 1 56 1841 146 12.61 100.00


PERCENTAGE % 0.05 0.16 2.06 0.05 1.09 32.37 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.22 0.05 22.16 27.32 0.38 0.33 5.43 1.79 3.15 0.05 0.05 3.04 100.00


TOTAL

NO. OF SUCCESSFUL

TRAP NIGHTS

AVERAGE PER TRAP

SITNO

E .

TRAP SITE %

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table35_36_quarantine adults1112.xls\QM darwin_CO2_1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 36: AQIS EXOTIC MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2011 TO JUNE 2012.TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED BIOGENTS SENTINEL MOSQUITO TRAPS.

Ad.

(A

dy)

cata

stic

ta

Ae.

(F

in)

koch

i

Ae.

(F

in)

noto

scri

ptus

Ae.

(Lo

r) d

asyo

rrhu

s

Ae.

(M

ac)

nr s

peci

es 1

21

Ae.

(M

ac)

spec

ies

Ae.

(M

ac)

trem

ulus

Ae.

(O

ch)

norm

anen

sis

Ae.

(O

ch)

vigi

lax

Ae.

(R

hi)

long

iros

tris

Ae.

(St

g) a

egyp

ti

Ae.

dal

iens

is

An.

(A

no)

banc

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ii

An.

(C

el)

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An.

(C

el)

annu

lipe

s s.

l.

An.

(C

el)

fara

uti s

.l.

An.

(C

el)

hilli

An.

(C

el)

mer

auke

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An.

(C

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s

An.

(C

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ies

Cq.

(C

oq)

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hoga

ster

Cx.

(C

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annu

liro

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s

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(C

ux)

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dus

Cx.

(C

ux)

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(C

ux)

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atus

Cx.

(C

ux)

siti

ens

Cx.

(Lo

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illi

Cx.

(L

op)

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ies

167

Cx.

(O

cu)

squa

mos

us

Ma.

(M

nd)

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orm

is

Mi.

(Eto

) el

egan

s

Tp. (

Pol

) pu

ncto

late

rali

s

Ur.

(P

fc)

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utife

mor

a

Ur.

(U

ra)

late

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(U

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nivi

pes

Ve.

(V

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Ve.

(V

er)

rees

i

BG1 QM BG1 Backloading Shed, TOLL (Perkins), Frances Bay Dv 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 27 1 0 8 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 14 0 0 266 4 0 1 0 16 3 0 0 1 2 0 0 355 46 7.72 3.48

BG2 QM BG2 Quarantine shed (international wharf), TOLL (Perkins), Frances 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 67 4 1 27 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64 0 2 1596 44 0 0 0 10 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1827 47 38.87 17.90

BG3 QM BG3 Office - TOLL (Perkins), Frances Bay Dv 0 0 10 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 10 30 0 0 865 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 931 9 103.44 9.12

BG7 QM BG7 Receiving Shed, TOLL (Perkins), Frances Bay Dv 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 14 0 0 126 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 190 9 21.11 1.86

BG6 QM BG6 MHS (RAAF), (AQIS adult routine monitoring site) 3 0 156 0 0 12 171 0 119 0 0 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 979 192 1 4 3244 76 2 0 1 25 0 0 4 4 6 1 0 5015 44 113.98 49.13

BG4 QM BG4, East Arm Wharf 21 1 5 1 0 1 13 0 144 0 0 0 1 6 2 1 11 0 0 0 68 89 0 0 1301 22 1 0 0 196 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 1889 46 41.07 18.51

TOTALS 24 2 174 1 1 14 194 1 357 5 1 39 4 11 7 2 15 2 2 1 1099 403 1 6 7398 149 3 1 1 254 6 1 4 8 10 5 1 10207 201 50.78 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.12 0.01 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.97 0.00 1.78 0.02 0.00 0.19 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 5.47 2.00 0.00 0.03 36.81 0.74 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.26 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.00 50.78

PERCENTAGE % 0.24 0.02 1.70 0.01 0.01 0.14 1.90 0.01 3.50 0.05 0.01 0.38 0.04 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.15 0.02 0.02 0.01 10.77 3.95 0.01 0.06 72.48 1.46 0.03 0.01 0.01 2.49 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.01 100.00


TOTAL

NO. OF SUCCESSFUL

TRAP NIGHTS

AVERAGE PER TRAP

SITE NO.

TRAP SITE %

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table35_36_quarantine adults1112.xls\QM darwin_BG_1112 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 37:

LOCATION OF NUMBER NUMBER OF NUMBERFIRST FEVER OF CASES ENTOMOLOGICAL REQUIRING

P. falciparum P. vivax P. falciparum/vivax INVESTIGATIONS MOSQUITO CONTROL

Casuarina 1 1

Coconut Grove 1 1

Cooinda 1 1

Karama 1 1

Malak 1 1

Marrara 1 1

Nightcliff 2 2

Parap 5 5

The Gardens 1 1

Tiwi (RDH) 2 1 1

TOTAL 16 14 2 0 0 0

PARASITE SPECIES

LOCATION OF FIRST FEVER IN NT

MALARIA NOTIFICATIONS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

1 JULY 2011 TO 30 JUNE 2012

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_20011_12\meb_anrp_1112\Table37_Malcas1112.xls\MAL1011 NT location Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

Table 38:

INTERCEPTION OF EXOTIC MOSQUITOES IN NORTHERN TERRITORY SEAPORTS JULY 2000 - JUNE 2012

1: PORT OF ORIGIN

PORT OF ORIGIN 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 TOTAL

Indonesia 17 8 27 9 24 8 1 5 2 1BG 0 0 102

East Timor 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 14

Singapore 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 7

Singapore/East Timor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2BG 2BG 1BG 5

Other 2* 2 4 0 2 0 1* 0 0 0 0 0 11TOTAL

INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 139Other = China, Japan, Malaysia, Philipines, USA, Vietnam or unkown.

09/10 10/11 11/12

Foreign Fishing Vessel 15 9 31 6 24 8 1 3 3 0 0 0 100

Cargo Vessel 8 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 1, 3 BG 1, 2BG 2, 1BG 25

On-shore Ovitrap 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3

Other 4 0 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 11TOTAL

INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 139

Note that multiple receptacles may be positive within a shipment.Other = barge, motor launch, passenger vessel, data not collected.

09/10 10/11 11/12

Tyres 0 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7Water Receptacle (<than 200L) 4 6 6 0 6 2 1 2 2 1BG 0 0 29

200L Water Receptacle 13 3 16 1 18 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 57

On-shore Ovitraps 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3

Adult Traps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2BG 2BG 1BG 6

Other 10 1 11 6 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 2 37TOTAL

INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 139

09/10 10/11

Aedes aegypti 16 6 31 6 25 8 1* 5 3 1, 2BG 1BG 1BG 106

Aedes albopictus 1, 1* 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1BG 1, 1BG 0 12

Culex spathifurca 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Other 9, 1* 3 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 19

TOTAL INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 139

2. Larval Collections = Numerals without superscript symbols.

4. *Ovitrap Collection.

08/09 TOTAL 11/12

3. Adult Collection Type: EVS (Encephalitis Virus trap - established 1999), BG (Biogents Sentinel trap - established 2010).

06/0701/02

1. † Note that this is not a species count, since a species may be detected more than once i.e, in different receptacles within a shippment.

02/03 03/04 04/05 05/0600/01 07/08SPECIES DETECTED

04/05 05/06

01/0200/01

01/02 02/03 03/04VESSEL TYPE

RECEPTACLE TYPE

Other = machinery, equipment, vehicles, luggage, data not collected.

4: MOSQUITO SPECIES DETECTED AS EGGS, LARVAE OR ADULTS†

3: POSITIVE RECEPTACLES & MODE OF DETECTION

TOTAL 00/01

Note that multiple species may be present in one receptacle.

08/0907/08

2: MODE OF DETECTION & VESSEL TYPES IMPLICATED IN IMPORTATION

06/07 07/08 08/09 TOTAL 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06

06/07

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table38_interception_summary_tables.xlsrecept_Sp_vessel type_2000 - 12 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 15/11/2012

TABLE 39: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY MOSQUITO SURVEYS AND TRAVEL JULY 2011 TO JUNE 2012

DATE LOCATION PERSON PURPOSE

23-26/11/2011 Tennant Creek Nina Kurucz, Huy Nguyen, Ben

Maunder Initial response to the Aedes aegypti incursion

5-9/12/2011 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan, Huy Nguyen, Nina Kurucz

Aedes aegypti elimination project

12-16/12/2011 Tennant Creek Bill Pettit, Ben Maunder Aedes aegypti elimination project 19-23/12/2011 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan, Ben Maunder,

Jane Carter Aedes aegypti elimination project

9-13/1/2012 Tennant Creek Huy Nguyen, Nina Kurucz, Bill Pettit, Jaana Wenham


16-20/1/2012 Tennant Creek Bill Pettit, Allan Warchot, Huy Nguyen, Jane Carter


30/1 – 3/2/2012 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan, Allan Warchot, Ben Maunder


6-10/2/2012 Tennant Creek Huy Nguyen, Jane Carter Aedes aegypti elimination project 8/10/2/2012 Mt Todd Allan Warchot, Ben Maunder Baseline study survey at Mt Todd

mine 13-16/2/2012 Cairns Peter Whelan Aedes albopictus Technical

advisory Group meeting 13-17/2/2012 Tennant Creek Nina Kurucz, Allan Warchot Aedes aegypti elimination project

20-24/2/2012 Tennant Creek Bill Pettit, Ben Maunder Aedes aegypti elimination project

27/2 – 2/3/2012 Tennant Creek Allan Warchot, Jane Carter Aedes aegypti elimination project

12-16/3/2012 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan, Nina Kurucz, Jaana Wenham


16-20/4/2012 Alyangula Huy Nguyen, Ben Maunder Exotic mosquito survey

1-3/5/2012 Cairns Peter Whelan Aedes albopictus Technical advisory Group meeting

2-3/5/2012 Mt Todd Huy Nguyen, Jane Carter Survey for Cx. species near bitaeniorhynchus

23-25/5/2012 Canberra Peter Whelan National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee face to face meeting

4-7/6/2012 Mt Todd Huy Nguyen, Jane Carter Survey for Cx. species near bitaeniorhynchus

4-8/6/2012 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan, Bill Pettit, Sohail Qureshi


27-30/6/2012 Sydney Allan Warchot, Nina Kurucz, Peter Whelan

Richard Russell’s Festschrift

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2011_12\FINAL\Table39_survey_travel_1112.doc Medical Entomology CDC DoH 9/11/2012

TABLE 40: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY PUBLICATIONS 2011/12

BRANCH REPORTS Mosquito Monitoring Program McArthur River Mine 2010/11. SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DoH (2011). ‘Community can help eliminate dengue mosquitoes in Tennant Creek’. Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin Vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 23-24. Gray TJ, Burrow JN, Markey PG, Whelan PI, Jackson J, Smith DW and Currie BJ (2011). ‘Case report: West Nile (Kunjin subtype) disease in the Northern Territory of Australia – a case of encephalitis and review of all reported cases’. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. Vol. 85, No 5, pp 952-956. Jacups S, Warchot A and Whelan PI (2012). ‘Anthropogenic ecological change and impacts on mosquito breeding and control strategies in salt-marshes, Northern Territory, Australia’. EcoHealth (Epub). Jacups SP, Kurucz N, Whitters R, and Whelan PI(2011) ‘Habitat modification for mosquito control in the Ilparpa Swamp, Northern Territory, Australia’ Journal of Vector Ecology Vol. 36, No. 2, pp 1-8. Jacups S and Whelan PI (2011). ‘The Mosquito-borne disease environment in the Northern Territory, past and present’. Mosquito Bites: In the Asia Pacific Region Vol. 6, No. 1, pp 4-7. Whelan PI, Pettit W and Krause V (2011). ‘Dengue mosquito incursion into Tennant Creek 2011’. Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin Vol. 19, No 1, pp 16-21. Whelan PI, Rogers P and Beirne K (2011). ‘Guidence on the use of rainwater tanks in the Northern Territory’. Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin Vol. 19, No 1, pp 22-24. Whelan PI and Nguyen H (2011) ‘Imported malaria case investigation and precautionary vector control: Leanyer, Darwin March/April 2011’. Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin Vol. 18, No 3, pp 46-48. Williams CR, Bader CA, Williams SR, and Whelan PI (2012). ‘Adult mosquito trap sensitivity for detecting exotic mosquito incursions and eradication: a study using EVS traps and the Australian southern saltmarsh mosquito, Aedes camptorhynchus’. J Vec Ecol. Vol. 37, No. 1, pp 110-116.

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