MEDIA USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS, AND

POLITICAL PARTISIPATION OF TRANSITION

TO DEMOCRACY

IN INDONESIA

NAJMUDDIN najmuddinm.rasul@rockemtail.com

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY, PADANG, INDONESIA

Demography:

Age

Sex

Education

MEDIA USAGE:

Media Environment

Media usage

Media Orientation

Citizenship Norms:

Duty citizenship

Engaged

citizenship

Compliance

citizenship

Political

participation:

Traditional

Modern

Civic/Social

Variables/Dimensions and

sub dimensions

POLITICAL MAP LANDSCAP OF POLITICAL COMUNICATION

NON DEMOCRATIC TO DEMOCRATIC (DOORENSPLEET, 2006)

DUTY TO ENGGAGE CITIZENSHIP (DALTON 2008)

THIRD WAVE OF DEMOCRACY (HUNTINGTON,1991)

THE END OF HISTORY (FUKUYAMA, 1992)

THE THIRD WAVE OF

POLITICAL COMUNICATION (VACCARI, 2008, THEOCARIS, 2011)

ICT (DEAN 2012, RAHIM, 2012)

TECHNOCULTURE, NETWORKING SOCIETIES AND WELL INFORMED, CYBERGENERATION (DALTON, 2008; INGLEHART AND WELZEL, 2005)

I. INTRODUCTION CHANGE OF:

HOT ISUES IN DEMOCRACY ERA

1. MEDIA

2. CITIZENSHIP

NORMS

3. POLITICAL

PARTISIPATION

REFORMATION IN INDONESIA ON

20 TH MAY 1998

1. TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA

2. FIRST DIRECT GENERAL ELECTION BY MULTY POLITICAL PARTY

3. FIRST DIRRECT GENERAL ELECTION FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

4. TENDS CITIZENS PARTICIPATION RATE REDUCTION

5. CORUPTION, COLLUTION AND NEPOTISM EVERYWHERE (JAKARTA AND OTHERS) (AGUSTINO, 2010 AND HIDAYAT; 2006, 2007)

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN ELECTION IN INDONESIA

(1987 – 2014)

GENERAL ELECTION PERCENTAGE

1987 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 96.54

1992 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 95.06

1997 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 94.63

1999 (PARLIAMENT-RI POST REFORMATION) 92.70

2004 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 84.06

2004 (PRESIDENT 1ST) 79.76

2004 (PRESIDENT 2ND) 77.44

2009 (PARLIAMENT-RI)

2009 (PRESIDENT)

70.99

72.09

2014 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 75.11

2014 (PRESIDENT) 69.58

SUMBER KPU (EC) RI. 2014.

II. RESEARCH PROBLEM

IS CORRELATION BETWEEN MEDIA

USAGE WITH CITIZENSHIP NORMS IN

CONTEXT DEVELOPMENT

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY AND HOW INLUENCE

POLITICAL PARTISIPATION OF

TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY?

MAIN HYPOTHESES

HYPOTHESES There is a relationship between the use of media and

civic norms change with political participation

SUB HYPOTHESES 1

There is a relationship between the sub-DIMENSIONons

of the use of media (NEWS PAPER, TV and internet) and

sub-DIMENSIONonal changes in the norms of citizenship

(DUTY, ENGAGED and COMPLIANCE) with

TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.

SUB HYPOTHESES 2 There is a relationship between the sub-DIMENSIONons

of the use of media (News paper, TV and internet) and

sub-DIMENSIONonal changes in the norms of citizenship

(DUTY, ENGAGE and COMPLIANCE) with MODERN

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.

SUB HYPOTHESES 3

There is a relationship between the sub-DIMENSIONons

of the use of media (NEWS PAPER, TV and INTERNET)

and sub-DIMENSIONonal changes in the norms of

citizenship (DUTY, ENGAGE and COMPLIANCE) with

CIVIC POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.

III. THE PURPOSE AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH

3.1. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY TO DETERMINE WHETHER MEDIA USAGE (NEWS PAPER, TV AND INTERNET) AND CHANGE OF CITIZENSHIP NORMS (DUTY, ENGAGE AND COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP) INFLUENCE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY.

3.2. THE FOCUS OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE CITIZENSHIP NORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE POLITICAL PARTICIATION OF TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA

4.1. RESEARCH METHOD 4.2.SAMPLING METHOD

QUANTITATIVE

ANALYSIS BY SURVEY

RESPONDEN IS THE YOUNG GENERATION: 1. WORKING OR NOT 2. LEVEL OF EDUCATION 3. FIRST TIME AND SECOND VOTING IN GENERAL ELECTION

IV. METHODOLOGY

CONTINUE

4.3. TOTAL SAMPLE, DESIGN SAMPLING AND CLASSIFICATION OF REGIONS

1) SAMPLE SIZE (384) PRESCRIBED BY RANDOM SAMPLING.

2) SAMPLING DESIGN USING

PROPORTIONAL SAMPLING, INTENDED TO GIVE THE SELECTION OF ELEMENTS REQUIRED IN THE GROUP ITSELF (Babbie, 2010).

3) 384 FOR SAMPLES, CARRIED OUT

THE CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS INTENDED. THIS MEANS THAT CAN SAMPLE SURVEY ON BEHALF OF THE CITY CENTER AND SUBURBS

CONTINUE

4.4. DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF EACH SELECTED REGION

1) DIVIDED INTO EACH LOCATION SAMPLE BLOCK; PILLARS OF NEIGHBORS (RT) AND NEIGHBORHOOD (RW), AS FOR THE ROAD WAS OBTAINED FOR DETERMINING THE LIST OF.

2) FIRST HOME FOR THE ROAD NAMED THE UNIT SAMPLE AND BEYOND 5 HOUSES AS NEXT UNIT SAMPLE.

4.5

. M

ET

HO

DS

OF

CO

LL

EC

TIN

G

DA

TA

1) DATA COLLECTED BY QUESTIONNAIRE (DEMOGRAPHIC, MEDIA USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION)

2) ENUMERATOR IS 6 PERSON

3) 150 QUESTIONNAIRE TO SAMPLE IN SUBURBS

4) 234 QUESTIONNAIRE TO SAMPLE IN CENTRE

1. MEDIA USAGE 2.CITIZENSHIP NORMS

MEDIA ENVIRONMENT MEANS MEDIA ACCESS

MEDIA USAGE MEANS , TOTAL TIME USED FOR WATCHING TV, READING NEWSPAPER AND BROWSE OF THE INTERNET

MEDIA ORIENTATION MEANS WHAT KIND OF THEMES NEWS OR THE ATTENTION OF RESPONDENTS IN THE NEWSPAPER, TV AND INTERNET

DUTY CITIZENSHIP COORELATED BY NORMS OF POLITICAL TRADITIONAL

ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP CORRELATED BY NORMS OF NEW POLITIC

COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP NORMS CORRALTED BY EXTERNAL POLITICAL NORMS

4.6. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

3. POLITICAL PARTISIPATION

TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTISIPATION

MODERN POLITICAL PARTISIPATION

SIVIC/SOCIAL POLITICAL PARTISIPATION

TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IS RESPONDENTINVOLVEMENT IN CAMPAIGN ACITIVITIES AND VOTING.

MODERN POLITICAL PARTISIPATION MEANS HOW RESPONDENT USE OF MEDIA ON-LINE ADA OFF-LINE AS POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.

SIVIC/SOCIAL POLITICAL PARTISIPATION MEANS POLITICAL ACTIVITIES CORRELATED WITH NGO AGENDA.

4.7

. D

AT

A A

NA

LY

SIS

ANOVA FOR HYPOTHESIS 1 ADA 2.

CORRELATION FOR HYPOTHESES 3 AND 4.

REGRESSION (METHOD ENTER) FOR HIPOTESIS 5 .

IV. RESULT

4.1. REGRESSION MEDIA USAGE ADA CITIZENSHIP

NORMS WITH POLITICAL PARTISIPATION

Factor R2

Adjusted

R2

Square

Beta t Sig.

Media Usage

Citizenship Norms

.01

.14

.00

.13

.01

.37

.24

7.83

.81

.00

4.2. REGRESSION SUB DIMENSIONON OF MEDIA USAGE (NEWSPAPER, TV,

INTRNET) AND SUB DIMENSIONON OF CITIZENSHIP NORMS ( COMPLIANCE , DUTY

AND ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP NORMS ) WITH TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION .

VARIABLS/DYMENSIONS R2

Adjusted

R2

Square

Beta t Sig.

NEWSPAPER

TELEVITION

INTERNET

.02 .02 .16 3.14 .00

.02 .00 .07 1.25 .21

.03 .02 -.09 -.1.81 .07

COMPLIANCE

CITIZENSHIP NORMS .29 .26 .52 12.03 .00

DUTY CITIZENSHIP

NORMS .31 .02 .10 2.18 .03

ENGAGED

CITIZENSHIP NORMS .31 .00 .06 1.25 .21

4.3. REGRESSION BETWEEN SUB DIMENSIONON MEDIA USAGE (NEWSPAPER,

TV AND INTERNET) ADA SUB DIMENSIONON CITIZENSHIP NORMS (DUTY,

ENGAGED ADA COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP NORMS ) WITH MODERN

POLITICAL PARTISIPATION

VARIABLES R2

Adjusted

R2

Perubahan

Beta Nilai

t

Signifikan

NEWSPAPER .02 .02 .16 3.21 .00

TELEVITION .02 .00 .06 1.14 .27

INTERNET .04 .02 -.12 -.2.30 .02

COMPLIANCE

CITIZENSHIP .22 .19 .44 9.60 .00

DUTY CITIZENSHIP .23 .01 .10 1.95 .05

ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP .23 .00 .01 .29 .77

4.4. REGRESSION BETWEEN SUB DIMENSSION MEDIA USAGE

(NEWSPAPER, TV, AND INTERNET) AND SUB DIMENSION

CITIZENSHIP NORMS (DUTY, ENGAGED AND COMPLIANCE) WITH

SIVIC/SOCIAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

VARIABLES R2

Adjusted

R2

Square

Beta T Sig.

NEWSPAPER .03 .03 .16 3.07 .00

TELEVITION .02 .00 .01 .14 .89

INTERNET .03 .00 -.05 -.85 .39

COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP .07 .05 .21 4.34 .00

DUTY CITIZENSHIP .09 .02 .06 1.08 .28

ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP .12 .04 .21 3.98 .00

4.5. CONTRIBUTIONS

1. MEDIA USAGE AND CITIZENSHIP NORMS ARE VITAL TO

UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF

TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA.

2. THISTUDY HELPS IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT FACTORS

INFLUENCE THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF YOUNG

VOTERS.

3. NEW PERSPECTIVE THAT TREND OF CHANGE MEDIA

USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS AND POLITICAL

PARTICIPATION OF YOUNG GENERATION. IT IMPLICATED

TO CHANGE OF POLITICAL TRATEGY IN INDONESIA.

THANK YOU/TERIMA KASIH

WASSALAMU’ALAIKUM WR.WB.