Study Guide for History 5B

Unit 6 United by Transportation and communication

Know your vocabulary words

amplify To make greater, to make stronger, louder.

blazed To have marked a trail through a forest by cutting some bark off trees.

bulky Taking up much space; large; hard to handle.

canal A waterway dug across land for ships or boats.

communication Giving information or news by speaking or writing.

company A group of people joined together for business.

corduroy A thick cloth with close ridges.

deaf Not able to hear.

exhaust Gas fumes that escape from an engine when it is running.

fare The money a person pays to ride some means of transportation.

hull The body or frame of a ship.

interfere To be in the way of something else, clash.

launched Slid into water, pushed into air, set going.

locomotive An engine that moves from place to place on its own power, used to pull railroad trains.

luxurious The comforts and beauties of life beyond what are really necessary, usually something pleasant and expensive.

packet ship A ship that carries mail, freight, or passengers on a regular route.

patent A government grant to a person by which he is the only one allowed to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years.

photography The taking of pictures.

pollution That which contaminates or is contaminated; unclean air or water.

prairie A large area of level or rolling land with grass, but no trees.

private Not for the public. Not paid for by the government. Belonging to certain people, ownership.

public Belonging to or concerning all the people. Having to do with the government.

publisher A company whose business is to produce books, magazines, newspapers.

regulate To control by rules; to keep at a standard.

satellite A man-made object launched by a rocket to go around the earth.

schooner A ship with two or more masts and sails.

toll Money paid for the use of a road or other service.

transatlantic Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

transcontinental Crossing a continent.

transportation Being carried from one place to another; moving people or goods.

typesetter A person or machine that sets type for printing.

Know the different types of transportation available during colonial times and early America (both land and sea)

1. What was the name of the trail Daniel Boone blazed?

Know how long stage coaches were used in America and what state the best ones were built in.

2. What two cities did the Erie Canal connect?3. What was the travel time between Missouri and California by

stagecoach? Was it A. 35 days B. 25 days C. 15 days D. 45 days

The most important advantages of canals was they were less expensive and faster.

When the Civil War was over traveling changed for people and riverboats were replaced with railroads.

4. What were used to pull the first railcars? ___________

Today railroads are used to carry mainly freight.

Airplanes have replaced railroads in today’s modern transportation

5. What was an omnibus and when was it used? ____________6. What were trolley cars powered by? _________________7. What was a toll road? ___________________8. What were the conditions of early roads in America?____________

Know what these men are known for: Wright Brothers, Robert Fulton, Duryea brothers, Henry Ford, John Fitch, and Charles Lindbergh

The fastest passenger airplane developed in the 20th century was the SST (super-sonic transport). The SST was able to go several times faster than the speed of sound and carried 100-200 passengers. The SST Concorde ® developed in France and Great Britain, began service in 1976 and landed in some larger American airports. After a fatal crash on July 25, 2000, the Concordes were taken out of service for a short time

Know what Lee De Forest and Guglielmo Marconi did to help improve communication.

As people moved west they wanted faster communication across the nation. The Pony Express was started to speed up the mail. The telegraph soon replaced the Pony Express for sending messages.

9. What grew as transportation improved?______________

Oil powered engines and as transportation progressed there was a need for more oil.

The first roads were built by private companies but now the government builds most of the roads.

Know what type of companies Union Pacific and Central Pacific were and which one built eastward towards the mountains.

10.The government usually does not regulate or check on what is printed in __________________or what is broadcast on _______________.

11. Who blessed America with great progress in transportation and communication?

Before there were post offices, the innkeepers would give the mail to post riders in colonial times.

After the Revolutionary War newspapers became popular.

12.What type of machine sends pictures by telephone?

Satellites are used to send signals great distances and across the ocean.

13.Why did the colonial families not travel very far from home?

Clipper ships were built for speed.

Know what type of wagon was built to be water-tight so it could float.

14. What type of ship was built for speed?______________15. What type of ship replaced sailing ships on the oceans?

___________

Know what type of transportation is used today to carry most mail and passengers.

In the 1840’s people used stagecoaches and covered wagons to travel to California. People traveled more after the Revolutionary War.

16.What caused communication to improve? ______________

Unit 7 The United States One Nation with Many regions

Know your vocabulary words

access Having an approach to places; a way to get somewhere.

agriculture Farming, planting and harvesting crops, and raising cattle, hogs, and other animals.

central In the middle; being in the center.

citrus Oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes.

conserve To keep safe; to save from loss.

continental Refers to the whole continent.

dairy Having to do with milk, cheese, and butter; as a dairy farm.

descended Being born of a certain family or group.

economy How people earn their living; money.

fertilizer Minerals used by farmers to enrich the soil.

frost Temperature below freezing.

glacier A river of ice that moves slowly down a mountain valley.

grazing Feeding cattle or sheep with grass in the fields.

harvest Gathering a crop when it is ripe.

humid Damp, moist air.

Indian reservation Land set aside for Indians to use.

industry A type of business.

irrigate To supply water for fields from a source other than rainfall.

Mennonite Protestant Christian faith whose people live simple lives.

military Soldiers for war; the army, navy, air force.

natural resources The supplies God has given the earth.

plantation A large farm where crops are grown.

plateau A plain in the mountains; high, flat land.

process To treat or prepare a natural product for use, such as canning or freezing fish, making peanut butter from peanuts.

prosperous Successful; doing well.

Resort A place where people go for vacation.

rotation Varying the crops grown in the same field from year to year.

rural In the country, not in the city.

scenery The view of the land.

service industry Businesses for people who travel; hotels, restaurants, entertainment.

territory Land that belongs to a government.

textiles Woven fabric or material used for clothing.

tributaries Streams that flow into a larger stream or river.

tourist industry Businesses for people who travel: hotels, restaurants, entertainment.

tropical Refers to the hot, humid areas of the world.

uniform Always the same; not changing.

volcanic Caused by a volcano.

For this unit you need to know your states and your capitals! You will need to be able to match a state with its capital. Please review your states and capitals!

17. Is Washington D. C. located in a state?____________18. Where were the first paved roads built?____________

19. On the east coast, what state is citrus fruit grown in? ___________

Some states have more people living in them than others. In the state of New York, over eight million people live there.

The Appalachian Mountains are located in the eastern part of the southern states.

Low flat plains are located along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.

Along the coast of the Northeast most people live in large cities.

Cotton and tobacco were two money crops grown in the South for many years.

20. Georgia is known for growing this product. What is it? Hint: it makes great sandwiches

The South produced textiles in their first factories but today, chemicals is an important manufacturing industry in the South.

21. Petroleum is an important industry in what two states?________22. From what type of forests do furniture, lumber, turpentine and

paper come from? _________

The South is known for making half of the United States paper.

Coal is produced in West Virginia and it is known for being the leading producer.

Know the following terms and what they mean: fertilizer, erosion, conservation, crop rotation, dry farming irrigation.

23.In the Northeast, what ocean are most cities located along? _______

The coast line of the Pacific Ocean is home to many cities in the West.

24. Are the Appalachian Mountains in the western or eastern part of the United States? __________________

25.Many Midwestern states are between two mountain ranges the ______________________ and the _____________________

26. Is Death Valley a high point or a low point of the U.S? __________

Know what the Continental Divide, Coastal Plains and what the continental shelf is.

The population of the West is growing fast but the first people who lived in the West were Indians.

The Mississippi River is a much longer river than the Hudson River.

There are two large mountain ranges in the United States but the Rocky Mountains are higher than the Appalachian Mountains

The Northeast region is very wet and the West region is very dry.

All regions in the United States have a different length to their growing seasons the Southern states have the longest growing season, the Northeastern States have a short growing season, and the Midwestern states have a medium length to their growing season.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Remember know your states and their capitals!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Hawaii and Alaska are outside of the contiguous United States

The islands of Hawaii are located in the Pacific Ocean.

In 1867, Alaska was purchased from Russia

There was a mad rush to Alaska to find gold

Oil is now a very important mineral product in Alaska

Pineapple and sugar are very important crops in Hawaii

More than one language is spoken by the people who live on the islands owned by the United States.

Hawaii and Alaska have an important industry called tourism. Tourist come to visit the states and spend money, which helps their economy.

The leading employer in both Hawaii and Alaska is the government.

Missionaries taught the Hawaiians Christianity and an alphabet to fit their language.

The Gulf of Mexico, the eastern coast and both sides of the Mississippi River are locations of low plains.

27.Who provided every region in the United States with natural resources? __________

28. Good citizens try to _____________ natural resources.A. use up B. regulate C. conserve D. dispose of

Know in what regions sugar cane and pineapples, wheat, grapes, copper, corn and soybeans, tobacco and cotton, and cranberries and maple syrup are agricultural products.

The Midwest is known for its large factories that manufactures farm machinery and automobiles.

Most cities in Alaska and Hawaii are located along the coast.

In the West, most of the cities are located at the foot of mountains.

Know what mining is.

Many islands are owned by the United States in both the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

29. What is the capital of the United States? _______________

Unit 8 Our Southern Neighbors

Know your vocabulary words

adequate Enough

cannibal A person who eats human flesh

city-state A city with its own nobles and priests who rule it

commercial Related to business or trade

conquistadore Spanish soldier

currency The money that is used in a country

dictator A ruler with absolute power and authority

elevation In geography, the height above sea level

emancipation The act of setting free from slavery or control

poverty A lack of money; being poor

predictable Can be told ahead of time

primitive Very simple

production Manufacture; creation

representative A person who is chosen to speak or act for others

ruins Ancient remains of a civilization

sapodilla Large evergreen tree found in tropical America that produces chicle for chewing gum

submerged Located beneath the surface of water or other liquid

terrace A raised level of earth with sides that are either straight up and down or sloping. Farmers build terraces on hillsides to make more flat space for crops

thatch Straw, reeds, or similar material that is used to cover a roof

torture To inflict very severe pain on someone

voodoo A religion practiced by some of the people of the Caribbean Islands

Mexico can be divided into five geographical regions: Mountains and Central Highlands, Central Plateau, Gulf Slope, Rain Forests, and Peninsulas.

Mexico is divided into three climate zones: Tierra caliente means "hot land." Tierra templada means "temperate land." Tierra fria. Tierra fria means "cold land." Most of Mexico’s population lives in the tierra templada. Mexico’s middle class is increasing in size.

Know what each of the above climate zones grow or produce

The Olmecs were the earliest Indian civilization in Mexico

Corn was the main crop grown by Indians

Religion and agriculture were two very important parts of an Indian’s life

For 300 years Mexico was a colony that was a part of Spain.

30.The Mayans had great knowledge of astronomy and _____________

If a person had both Spanish and Indian blood they are known as Mestizos.

Know the differences of the lower, middle, and upper class people (jobs, education, and living conditions).

The Spanish are known for introducing horses, cattle, bullfighting, pesos and the Catholic religion to Mexico.

The Revolution of 1910 brought changes to Mexico’s government.

31. What was a Mayan city called? Providence or City-state

Know what the similarities are for the Mayan and the Aztec religions

In Central America, the Mayas were known to be the most civilized and the largest group of Indians. They moved from the highlands of Guatemala to the Yucatan Peninsula. Corn was their main food source.

Spanish is Central America’s primary language.

The two lowest classes in Central America and Mexico were the Mestizos and the Indians.

32. What city was built where the Aztec capital once stood? _________

In Central America, members of the colonial government were appointed by the king of Spain.

Mayans had homes made of wood and thatch and their clothes were made out of cotton.

Coral forms the low and flat lands of the Caribbean Islands. The Caribbean Islands are the tips of submerged mountain chains. The islands were colonized by France, Spain, the Netherlands, and Great Britain. The islands that were colonized by France and Spain began practicing the Catholic religion, and the islands colonized by Great Britain and the Netherlands began practicing the Protestant religion. Sugar, bananas, coffee, and coconut are crops of the Caribbean. Many island jobs are supplied by the banana industry. Unfortunately, the Caribbean Islands are often threatened by hurricanes. Most of the people in the Caribbean Islands are descendants of African slaves.

Be sure you study your vocabulary words!

Know what the triangle trade was, who was involved, and what was traded.

The Caribs and the Arawaks are the original inhabitants of the Caribbean Islands.

Spain was the first foreign power to control the Caribbean islands

The lower class people of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands used farming as a way to make a living.

The Aztecs were the last Indian civilization in Mexico to be conquered.

The Mayas lived in Mexico and Central America.

Education was necessary to improve the standard of living for the lower class in Central America.

Sugar was the main crop in the Caribbean Islands during the years of slavery.

Unit 9 History Study Guide 5B

Know your Vocabulary words

aboriginal People who are the first or earliest inhabitants of an area

adrift To drift without aim or help

agitate To stir up or arouse strong feelings either for or against someone or something

ally People or countries united for a common cause, working together

apathy Lack of interest

archipelago A sea with many islands

befriend To offer help and friendship to someone

benefited Gained something good

caribou A deer that lives in the wooded or tundra area of northern Canada

citadel A strong position in or around a city which can be easily defended

civilization A social order which is advanced

communication Methods of passing information along from one place to another

communist A person who follows a system of government noted for its cruel attacks on individual freedoms including speech, religion, the press, and private ownership of property

conflict To struggle

conviction Belief shared as a principle

cooperation Agreement uniting for common cause; a working together

counterpart A person or thing that corresponds to or closely resembles another

crest An emblem or shield

decisive A result that is beyond question

delegate A person who can represent a group of people and take actions on their behalf

descent A family or cultural background

distinctive Specially different; set apart

dominate To rise above

dwelling The place a person lives, his home

economic Having to do with producing, moving, and using goods or services

evolve To change slowly or by degrees over a period of time

elevation The height of a physical feature above sea level

exploration The act of seeking out areas which are unknown

filibustering raid An invasion of a country by citizens of another country whose government does not approve or support the attack

hostile An unfriendly manner, or a difficult condition which may not be suitable for easy settlement

humble A modest condition, plain or simple

initial In the beginning, first

invasion An attack, or forced entry

legendary Something not necessarily based on fact but which is passed on over the years

lure To tempt; a strong desire which attracts people

mainland The main landmass of a continent

maritime On or near the sea

migration A group of people moving from one place to another, often from one country to another

mosaic Many different and separate parts which when united together make a picture or design of beauty

mutiny A rebellion of sailors against the officers of their ship

overcome To defeat or win a victory over some hardship

permafrost Geographical condition where land is permanently frozen and never thaws

province A division of a country similar to a state

radical People or political organizations favoring a big or extreme change

refer To direct a person's attention to something

referendum An election when a law, issue, or policy is directly voted on either for or against by the people

reserve An area of land set aside for the sole use of a particular people

resent To feel angry at someone

restore To bring back something to its former condition

rival A person who wants the same thing as another person

rot To spoil, fall apart, or break down

separatism The belief that a group of people or a region of a country should seek separation or independence from a larger body or country

scurvy A disease many early sailors suffered from during their long voyages when they failed to get vitamin C in their diet. Eating certain fresh fruits and vegetables could prevent this disease

scorn To mock or show a lack of respect

submerge To go under water

target Something being aimed at or a place which is being attacked

transportation The act of something being carried over a distance

tundra Vast, treeless plains of the arctic regions

unauthorized Something that is not allowed

unique One of a kind, something which cannot be compared to anything else

urban Characteristic of a city or a society in which cities play an important role

voyageur A person who transports supplies and men in faraway areas of Canada, usually by canoe

walrus A large sea creature that has long tusks; related to a seal

The second largest nation in the world is Canada. There are 7 people per square mile and is made up of 7 geographical regions.

At the very top of the world, north of the Arctic Circle, is an area made up of many large and small islands. This area is called an archipelago. The islands are surrounded by channels of water which are frozen during most of the year. The ground is frozen solid and never thaws out. This condition is known as permafrost.

The region known as the Canadian Shield makes up over half of Canada's land mass. Most of this land is granite rock. The rocky surface has little soil available for farming. The Canadian Shield was once a mountainous area. The mountains have long since been ground down until today the elevation over the area hardly varies more than a few hundred feet. For these reasons, this kind of land is called a shield.

West and south of Hudson Bay are swampy lowlands known as muskegs upon which buildings cannot be built.

The Cordilleran region is a mountainous area

The Interior Plains is known as the “breadbasket” of Canada

One group of people wandered into the cold and forbidding arctic and northern tundra region of Canada. These people were called Eskimos by the European explorers. They refer to themselves as Inuit

A one-man enclosed canoe is a called kayak.

Wakashan Indians carved totem poles in honor of their chiefs and they lived in the Canadian Pacific coast.

The Algonkian’s lived in between the Rocky Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean

Know what an igloo is.

The St. Lawrence Lowlands is the most populated region in Canada

Henry Hudson pioneered a new age of English exploration during the late 1500s and early 1600s. The primary aim of these explorers was to find a passage around or through Canada to the Orient. This search for the legendary Northwest Passage caused the death of many explorers and their crews. Henry Hudson discovered the huge bay which now bears his name. While exploring this bay, Hudson's crew mutinied and cast him adrift in a small boat. Henry Hudson was never seen alive again.

The most important of the early French explorers was Jacques Cartier. Cartier made three voyages between 1534 (the year he claimed Canada for France) and 1541 to the land he named Canada. The name Canada was based on the Indian word Kannata which meant "a collection of huts." Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence River and sailed up the river to a large Indian village on the site of what is now Montreal. On his last voyage to Canada, Cartier finally found what he thought were diamonds and gold. Quickly he filled his ship with the riches and returned to France. The gold turned out to be iron pyrite (fool's gold) and the diamonds were worthless quartz. The phrase "worthless as Canadian diamonds" for years referred to the mistake made by Cartier. The king of France did not laugh at this error. At the time Cartier returned, France and England were at war. France could no longer spare any more money for the exploration of Canada, especially since it appeared worthless.

Part of Canada was claimed by the British due to the exploration and discoveries of John Cabot.

The Northwest Passage through and around Canada was sought after by many explorers.

To get to the Orient, the Portuguese used a route that went around the continent of Africa.

The Great Crusades to the Holy Land between 1096 and 1291 created a big demand for the products of the East. At first, several Italian cities kept the trade

of the East to themselves. The trade route to the East was threatened by the rise of Turkish and Muslim power. The fall of the great city of Constantinople in 1453 to the Turks symbolized the end to this trade route.

Canada’s true wealth was in fur trading and fishing. Samuel de Champlain was the first explorer to realize this great treasure. In 1608 he founded the city of Quebec.

Ontario and Quebec are known as the United Province of Canada

The Seven Years War was fought between the French and the English for control of Canada.

The British created the Albany Plan to conquer Canada

The main goal for America during the War of 1812 was to conquer Canada

The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763, ended the control the French had over New France.

England and France fought for control of the fishing and fur trapping areas during the French and Indian War

In the forested and mountainous areas of Canada, live the Athabakan Indians.

Know what free trade means, what the United States and Canadian relationship was like, what is caribou, who Father Marquette and Giovanni da Verrazano were.

The Treaty of Washington settled many problems between the United States and Great Britain

The Mohawks were deadly enemies of Huron Indians.

Know what a filibusting raid is

The first Prime Minister of Canada was Sir John A. Macdonald

The Quebec Act of 1774 restored rights (religious) to the French Canadians.

What did the Rush-Bagot Treaty do?

The Artic Archipelago is the northern area of Canada it is very cold and the Inuits live there.

In each province of Canada the highest government official is called the premier

Prince Edward Island is the smallest Canadian province.

Know how the Canadian government works (leaders, type of government, elections)

The first permanent settlement in Canada was Quebec City

Ottawa is the capital of Canada

Louis Riel was the leader of Metis rebellions

Royal Canadian Mounted Police ® , known by their reputation to "always get their man," have become almost legendary. These "Mounties ® " with their bright red uniforms carried out the law in areas where cities and even small towns were not to be found. Established in 1873, the Mounties ® earned the respect of Canadians for fairness and determination.

Today the two official legal languages of Canada are English and French

Know the three reasons why Canada did not experience the terrible Indian wars that the United States did during the settlement of the wilderness.

Know what happened on the Plains of Abraham

Know what the Yukon Territory was known for.

Unit 10 Review

Unit 10 is a review unit from units 1-5 and 6-9 reviewing the study guides from History 5A and 5B will help you prepare for the quizzes and test

Answers

1. Daniel Boone’s trial was called The Wilderness Road 2. The Erie Canal connected Buffalo and New York City3. 25 days4. Horses5. In 1829 the first omnibus was built in New York City. It looked like a large

stagecoach and was pulled by two horses6. Trolley cars were powered by electricity that used a cable above the street7. A toll road was a road built by private companies who charged a fare

(money) to use the road.8. Early roads in America were bumpy, muddy, and few in number.9. Cities10. Newspapers, television11. God 12. Facsimile machine13. There were no roads14. Clipper ships15. Steamships16. The progression of transportation.17. No, it is not.18. Pennsylvania19. Florida20. Peanuts21. Louisiana and Arkansas22. Pine forests23. The Atlantic Ocean24. In the eastern part25. The Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains26. Low point

27. God28. Conserve29.Washington, D.C.30. Mathematic31. City-state32.Mexico City