Med Term Ch 2 The Human Body in Health & Disease.
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Transcript of Med Term Ch 2 The Human Body in Health & Disease.
Anatomy
“The scyence of the Nathomy is nedefull and necessarye to the Cyrurgyen" [1541]
Definition: The study of the structure of living things (human body)
Divisions of the Abdomen
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
Left hypochodriac
Right hypochondriac
Right lumbar Left lumbar
Left iliacRight iliac
Groin or inguinal area
The Peritoneum
~Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
~Helps hold organs in place & supports & protects abdominal
organs
Peritonitis
• Inflammation/infection of the peritoneum
• Surgical emergency• Patient very ill• May lead to death
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG5UuxH_Fs&feature=related
Cytology/Histology
• Cyt/o = refers to cells• -ology = ? Ex: pap smear
• Hist/o = tissue• -ology = ? Ex: breast biospsy
Where would these two studies take place in a hospital setting?
Terminology Related to Cells
Nucleus * command center of a cellChromosomes *cells have 23 pairs
Gametes * sex cells (sperm & ovum) Genes * functional units of heredity * genetics * geneticist
Genetic Disorders
AKA hereditary disorders – passed down from parent to child or down
through generationsEx: Down Syndrome
HemophiliaMuscular DystrophySickle Cell AnemiaTay-Sachs Disease
YouTube - CBS Special on Huntington's Disease/Chris Furbee
Hemophilia
Huntington’s Chorea
Congenital Disorders
Genetic vs. Congenital
Congenital = present at birth
Congenital disorder is ‘present at birth’
May be from developmental, prenatal influences, premature birth, injuries that occur
during birth
Developmental Disorder
Anomaly = deviation from normal
May be psychological or physical
Ex: *malformation such as heart malformation or absence of a limb or digit * may be mental retardation or learning disability
Prenatal Influences
Mother’s health and prenatal care she recieves
Ex: FAS fetal drug addiction congenital STD (syphilis)
Birth Injuries
Congenital disorder that was not present beforethe events surrounding birth
Ex: cerebral palsy fx. Clavicle
Glands
• Aden/o = gland Types: Exocrine – secrete chemicals directly into a duct Ex: sweat glands salivary glands, pancreas
Disease
• Pathology – study of the effects of disease on the structure and function of the body
Etiology – the study of the cause of disease
Disease (cont)
Communicable = contagious – Ex: influenza AIDS, Hepatitis
Contaminated – presence of pathogenic organisms
Types of Diseases Cont.
Idiopathic Disease* an illness with no known cause
Ex: idiopathic hypersomnia idiopathic thrombocytopenia
Cont.
• Functional Diseases * no detectable or measurable
pathologic or physical changes that explain the patient’s symptoms
Ex: IBS, panic attack, fibromyalgia, migraine
Cont.
• Organic Diseases* there are pathologic &
physical changes that explain the signs & symptoms reported by the patient
Ex: mental disorders, physical disorders, atherosclerosis, hepatomegaly
Cont.
• Iatrogenic Disorders (iatro = Gk. ‘physician’ , genic = ‘induced’)
* unfavorable response arising as the result of a prescribed treatment
EX: medical error, drug reactions, side effects of chemo, nosocomial infections, carcinogenic effects,
emotional trauma
• Nosocomial disease (infection) *infection acquired in hospital or
within 72 hours of discharge
Ex: MRSA, pneumonia, UTI, AIDs, hepatitis, wound infections
Transmission• Bloodborne - contact with bld or body fluids Ex: HEPATITIS, AIDS
• Airbourne – contact with respiratory droplets
Ex: FLU, COLD tuberculosis
• Foodborne/Waterborne (AKA fecal/oral) - *from contaminated food/water,
improperly prepared or preserved
• Ex: botulism, E.coli, hepatitis, • staph, cryptospyridium, • salmonella
Disease Outbreak
• Endemic - disease always present in population - rate of infection within a population stays about the same Ex: common cold, STDs, goiter
• Epidemic – sudden outbreak of disease over a large population - Ex: annual flu, TB, autism