CAREER GUIDANCE:-

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Introduction:-

The term "monographia" is derived from the Greek mono (single)

and grapho (to write), meaning "writing on a single subject". Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a

monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For

these reasons, publication of a monograph is commonly regarded as vital for career progression in many academic disciplines.

Book publishers use the term "artist monograph" to indicate books consisting of reproductions of works of art by a single artist, as opposed to surveys of art from multiple artists.

Here to study the career monograph relates to understanding the overall aspect of the particular single career been selected.

Meaning :-

A monograph is a specialist work of writing on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, usually by a single author.

A career monograph is a work of writing on a single career by a single author.

Sample Career Monograph :-Music

GENERAL DESCRIPTON AND QUALIFICATIONS

Musicians play musical instruments, compose, arrange, or conduct groups in instrumental performances. They may perform solo or as part of a group.

Musicians entertain live audiences in nightclubs, concert halls, and theatres featuring opera, musical theatre, or dance. Although most of these entertainers

play for live audiences, some perform exclusively for recording or production studios. Regardless of the setting, musicians spend considerable time practicing,

alone and with their band, orchestra, or other musical ensemble. Musicians need extensive and prolonged training to acquire the necessary skills, knowledge, and

ability to interpret music. Formal training may be obtained through private study with an accomplished musician, in a college or university music program, or in a music conservatory.

CAREER OPTIONS

Musician, Music Director, Conductor, Arranger

TYPICAL EMPLOYERS

Musicians, singers, and related workers are employed in a variety of settings. More than half of those who earn a wage or salary are employed by religious

organizations. Classical musicians may perform with professional orchestras or in small chamber music groups like trios or quartets. Musicians may work in opera, musical theatre, and ballet productions. They also perform in nightclubs

and restaurants, and for weddings and other events. Well known musicians and groups may perform in concert, appear on radio and television broadcasts, and

make recordings and music videos. The Armed Forces also offer careers in their bands and smaller musical groups.

EMPLOYMENT AND SALARY OUTLOOK

Part-time schedules and intermittent unemployment are common; many musicians supplement their income with earnings from other sources.

According to the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, more than 60 percent worked part time, and more than 40 percent were self-

employed. Most new wage and salary jobs for musicians will arise in religious organizations, where the majority of these workers are employed. Earnings

often depend on the number of hours and weeks worked a performer's

professional reputation, and setting. The most successful musicians earn performance or recording fees that far exceed the median earnings. According

to the Musicians Federation of India’s (Musicians Union), minimum salaries in major orchestras ranged from Rs.18, 720/- to Rs.100, 196/- per year during the

2012-13 performing season.

NATURE OF JOB AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Musicians and Singers

Career, Salary and Education Information

Go to: What They Do | Work Environment | How to Become One | Pay | Job

Outlook | Related Careers

What They Do[About this section] [To Top]

Musicians and singers play instruments or sing for live audiences and in

recording studios. They perform in a variety of styles, such as classical, jazz, opera, hip-hop, or rock.

Duties

Musicians and singers typically do the following:

Perform music for live audiences and recordings

Audition for positions in orchestras, choruses, bands, and other types of music groups

Practice playing instruments or singing to improve their technique

Rehearse to prepare for performances

Find locations for performances or concerts

Travel, sometimes great distances, to performance venues

Promote their careers by maintaining a website or social media presence or

doing photo shoots and interviews

Musicians play one or more instruments. To make themselves more marketable, many musicians become proficient in multiple musical instruments or styles.

Musicians play in bands, orchestras, or small groups. Those in bands may play at weddings, private parties, clubs, or bars while they try to build enough fans to

get a recording contract or representation by an agent. Some musicians work as a part of a large group of musicians who must work and practice together, such

as an orchestra. A few musicians become section leaders, who may be responsible for assigning parts to other musicians or leading rehearsals.

Others musicians are “session” musicians, who specialize in playing backup for a singer or band leader during recording sessions and live performances.

Singers perform vocal music in a variety of styles. Some specialize in a particular vocal style, such as opera or jazz; others perform in a variety of

musical genres. Singers, particularly those who specialize in opera or classical music, may perform in different languages, such as French or Italian. Opera

singers act out a story by singing instead of speaking the dialogue.

Some singers become background singers, providing vocals to harmonize or

support a lead singer.

Musicians interested in performing popular music typically find jobs by

attending auditions or arranging their own performances. They may seek representation by an agent who will help them find jobs and performance

opportunities.

In some cases, musicians and singers write their own music to record and

perform. For more information about careers in songwriting, see the profile on music directors and composers.

Some musicians and singers give private music lessons to children and adults.

Others with a background in music may teach music in public schools, but they typically need a bachelor’s degree and a teaching license. See the profiles on

kindergarten and elementary school teachers, middle school teachers, and high school teachers.

Work Environment

Musicians and singers held about 167,400 jobs in 2012. They perform in settings such as concert halls, arenas, and clubs. They often work for religious

organizations and performing arts companies. In 2012, 36 percent of musicians and singers were self-employed.

Musicians and singers may spend a lot of time traveling between performances. Some spend time in recording studios. There are many jobs in cities that have a

high concentration of entertainment activities, such as Mumbai, Goa, & many other foreign cities like New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Nashville.

Musicians and singers who give recitals or perform in nightclubs travel frequently and may tour nationally or internationally.

Many musicians and singers find only part-time or intermittent work, however,

and have long periods of unemployment between jobs. The stress of constantly looking for work leads many to accept permanent full-time jobs in other occupations while working part time as a musician or singer.

In 2012, the industries employing the most musicians and singers were as

follows:

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and

similar organizations 45%

Performing arts companies 12

Educational services; state, local, and private 2

Work Schedules

Rehearsals and recording sessions are commonly held during business hours, but live performances are most often at night and on weekends.

How to Become One:-There are no postsecondary education requirements for

musicians or singers interested in performing popular music; however, many performers of classical music and opera have at least a bachelor’s degree.

Education:-Get the education you need: Find schools for Musicians and Singers near you!

There are no postsecondary education requirements for those interested in performing popular music. Many musicians and singers of classical music and

opera have a bachelor’s degree in music theory or performance. To be accepted into one of these programs, applicants are typically required to submit

recordings or audition in person, and sometimes must do both. Undergraduate music programs teach students about music history and styles and teach

methods for improving their instrumental and vocal technique and musical expression.

Some musicians and singers choose to continue their education by pursuing a

master’s degree in fine arts or music.

Important Qualities

Dedication: - Auditioning for jobs can be a frustrating process because it may

take many different auditions to get hired. Musicians and singers need determination and dedication to continue to audition after receiving many

rejections.

Discipline:- Talent is not enough for most musicians and singers to find

employment in this field. They must constantly practice and rehearse to improve their technique, style, and performances.

Interpersonal skills:- Musicians and singers need to work well with a variety of people, such as agents, music producers, conductors, and other musicians.

Good people skills are helpful in building good working relationships.

Musical talent:- Professional musicians or singers must have superior musical abilities.

Physical stamina:- Musicians and singers who play in concerts or in nightclubs and those who tour must be able to endure frequent travel and irregular

performance schedules.

Promotional skills:- Musicians and singers need to promote their performances through local communities, word of mouth, and social media platforms. Good self-promotional skills are helpful in building a fan base.

Training:-Musicians and singers need extensive and prolonged learning and

practice to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to interpret music at a professional level. They typically begin singing or learning to play an

instrument by taking lessons and classes when they are children. In addition, they must practice often to develop their talent and technique.

Musicians and singers interested in classical music may seek additional training through music camps and fellowships. These programs provide participants

with classes, lessons, and performance opportunities. Sometimes these programs are associated with professional orchestras and may lead to a

permanent spot in that orchestra.

Advancement :-As with other occupations in which people perform, advancement for musicians and singers means becoming better known, finding

work more easily, and earning more money for each performance. Successful musicians and singers often rely on agents or managers to find them jobs,

negotiate contracts, and develop their careers.

The median hourly wage for musicians and singers was Rs.400 in May 2012.

The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less

than Rs.8.81, and the top 10 percent earned more than Rs.65.24.

In May 2012, the median hourly wages for musicians and singers in the top

three industries in which these workers were employed were as follows:

Performing arts companies $26.72

Educational services; state, local, and private 20.46

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and

similar organizations 19.43

Rehearsals and recording sessions are commonly held during business hours, but live performances are most often at night and on weekends.

Job Outlook[About this section] [To Top]

Employment of musicians and singers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2012

to 2022, slower than the average for all occupations. Growth will be due to increases in demand for musical performances.

Digital downloads and streaming platforms make it easier for fans to listen to recordings and view performances. Easier access to recordings gives musicians

more publicity and grows interest in their work, and concertgoers may become interested in seeing them perform live.

There will be additional demand for musicians to serve as session musicians and backup artists for recordings and to go on tour. Singers will be needed to sing

backup and to make recordings for commercials, films, and television.

However, employment growth will likely be limited in orchestras, opera

companies, and other musical groups because they can have difficulty getting funding. Some musicians and singers work for nonprofit organizations that rely

on donations, government funding, and corporate sponsorships in addition to ticket sales to fund their work. During economic downturns, these organizations

may have trouble finding enough funding to cover their expenses.

Job Prospects

There will be tough competition for jobs because of the large number of

workers who are interested in becoming musicians and singers. In particular, there will likely be considerable competition for full-time positions.

Musicians and singers with exceptional musical talent and dedication should have the best opportunities.

Many musicians and singers experience periods of unemployment.

Employment projections data for Musicians and Singers, 2012-22

Occupational Title Employment, 2012 Projected Employment, 2022 Change, 2012-22

Percent Numeric

At International Level the demand of the career :-

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program

Occupational Title Employment, Projected Employment, Change, 2012-22

2012 2022 Percent Numeric

Musicians and

singers 167,400 176,200 5 8,700

Related Careers :-

Actors :-Actors express ideas and portray characters in theater, film, television,

and other performing arts media. They also work at theme parks or other live events. They interpret a writer’s script to entertain or inform an audience.

Dancers and Choreographers:-Dancers and choreographers express ideas and stories, using dance. There are many types of dance such as ballet, tango,

modern dance, tap, and jazz.

High School Teachers:-High school teachers help prepare students for life after graduation. They teach academic lessons and various skills that students will

need to attend college and to enter the job market.

Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers :-Kindergarten and elementary

school teachers prepare younger students for future schooling by teaching them basic subjects such as math and reading.

Middle School Teachers :-Middle school teachers educate students, typically in

sixth through eighth grades. Middle school teachers help students build on the fundamentals they learned in elementary school and prepare them for the more

difficult curriculum they will face in high school.

Music Directors and Composers :-Music directors (also called conductors) lead

orchestras and other musical groups during performances and recording sessions. Composers write and arrange original music in a variety of musical

styles.

Postsecondary Teachers :-Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide

variety of academic and vocational subjects beyond the high school level. They also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.

Producers and Directors :- Producers and directors create motion pictures,

television shows, live theater, and other performing arts productions. They interpret a writer’s script to entertain or inform an audience.

Musician:

Salary and conditions

Case studies

Musician: Francesca Romana Saracino

Starting salaries vary enormously depending on whether a musician is working freelance or as part of an orchestra.

According to a survey for solo instrumentalists by the Incorporated Society of Musicians (ISM) , typical performance fees range from 10000 to 25000. Most

music teachers charged between Rs.500/- and 800/- per hour across the nation, although this fee can be much higher in metropolitan. Many singers take unpaid

bookings in order to add the experience/role to their CV and also to be heard by the public and influential people.

According to the Musicians' Union (MU) , rates for orchestral rank-and-file musicians range upwards for concert performances. Rates for salaried musicians

vary from orchestra to orchestra but range from approximately Rs.26,000 to 37,000.

For salaried musicians, extra payments can be made for overtime, concert fees,

recordings, porterage of large instruments and travel expenses.It takes time, skill, practice and dedication to develop a reputation as a musician. It is

expected that learning music or an operatic role is done in your own time. This can include practising another language or developing technique.

Opera companies offering short contracts may expect their singers to make their own travel arrangements to venues, and contracts are likely to be strictly

adhered to. Royalties may be additionally paid if the music has been registered with the PPL or PRS for Music.

Working hours for musicians are unsociable, with rehearsals or recordings usually during the day, and performances in the evenings, though this can vary.

Musicians do not have a regular Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm existence and private practice can take place any time of the day or night.

A limited number of orchestral posts are available and tend to be in the larger

cities. The number of opera companies is increasing, with strong competition for roles. Globalisation has led to singers and instrumentalists applying to

audition throughout Europe and beyond.

Casual clothes are the norm for rehearsals and recordings but dress code is

usually formal for classical performances.

Performing and auditioning can be stressful for some musicians, and performance-related psychology can be helpful. Repetitive strain injuries are not

uncommon.

Time spent away from home, sometimes for long periods, both in the UK and abroad, is common. This goes hand in hand with touring companies. Musicians

need to be flexible and travel where the work takes them, whether this is freelance or contract work. Having a driving licence is useful.