MED 13-14 Cromosoma-1.ppt [Modo de compatibilidad] · Species # Species # Common fruit fly 8 Guinea...
Transcript of MED 13-14 Cromosoma-1.ppt [Modo de compatibilidad] · Species # Species # Common fruit fly 8 Guinea...
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CROMOSOMA
1. Características generales2. Ultraestructura3. Composición química4. Organización molecular
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CROMOSOMAS METAFÁSICOS
EL CROMOSOMAFORMA
Características generales
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Características generales
ucm.es
Cromátideshermanas
Cromátide
FORMAEL CROMOSOMA
CROMOSOMAS METAFÁSICOS
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ucm.es
metacéntrico
submetacéntrico
acrocéntrico
Características generales
FORMAEL CROMOSOMA
CROMOSOMAS METAFÁSICOS
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Características generales
Cromosoma acrocéntrico
EL CROMOSOMAFORMA
CROMOSOMAS METAFÁSICOS
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Species # Species #Common fruit fly 8 Guinea Pig 64Dove 16 Garden snail 54Earthworm 36 Tibetan fox 36Domestic cat 38 Domestic pig 38Laboratory mouse 40 Laboratory rat 42Rabbit 44 Syrian hamster 44Hare 46 Human 46Gorillas, Chimpanzees 48 Domestic sheep 54Elephants 56 Cow 60Donkey 62 Horse 64Dog 78 Kingfisher 132Goldfish 100-104 silkworm 56
EL CROMOSOMANÚMERO
Número de cromosomas (2n) en algunos animales
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Goldfish
garden snail
Earthworm
Kingfisher
2n=100-104 2n=132
2n=36 2n=54
Número de cromosomas (2n) en algunos animalesEL CROMOSOMA
n: 190
NÚMERO
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Cortes ultrafinos
Ultraestructura
MET: Permite solo visiones parciales de los cromosomas.Conglomerado de fibras apretadas cortadas en múltiples puntos (30 nm)
EL CROMOSOMA
Microscopía electrónica de barrido
MEB:Microcónvulas
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Secuencias de ADN en un cromosoma eucariota
EL CROMOSOMA
Figure 4-21 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
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Composición química
ADNProteínas:
•Histonas•No-histonas
EL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
Figure 4-23 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
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Figure 4-25 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Organización estructural de las histonas del núcleo del nucleosoma
EL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
lisinaarginina
102-135 a.a.
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Organización molecular
Fibra nucleosómica de 11nm
EL CROMOSOMA
Primer nivel de empaquetamiento
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EL CROMOSOMA
Ensamblaje de las histonas
Organización molecular
Unión del ADN en un nucleosoma
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Figure 4-24 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Estructura del núcleo del nucleosoma
EL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
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Figure 4-28 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
EL CROMOSOMA Los nucleosomas son dinámicos
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Figure 4-29 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
EL CROMOSOMA
La reorganización de los nucleosomas requiere energía
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Figure 4-33b Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Formación de la fibra de 30 nm
EL CROMOSOMA Organización molecularSegundo nivel de empaquetamiento
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Figure 4-34 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Posición de la histona H1
EL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
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Fibra cromatínica de 30nmEL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
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Figure 4-31 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Modelo en zig-zag de la fibra de 30 nmEL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
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Figure 4-32 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Modelo en solenoide de la fibra de 30 nm
EL CROMOSOMA Organización molecular
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Niveles de empaquetamiento de la cromatina
ADN-topoisomerasa II
EL CROMOSOMA