UNIVERSITY OF GUYANAFACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

MED 1101: Descriptive Anatomy 1 (Semester 1 - 2014/2015)

Instructor and Course Information

Lecturer: Name: Dr. R. Roberts-Martin

E-mail: rl22roberts@yahoo.caE-mail hours: 19:00 – 22:00 hrsTelephone number: 603 0608

Year/Semester: 1/1Duration: 17 weeksCredits: 4Contact hours: 8 hours per weekLectures: 2 hours per weekPractical/Lab 2 hours per weekTutorials: 4 hours per weekTotal Per Semester: 136 hoursPrerequisite/s: None

Purpose of the Course

Descriptive anatomy provides an introduction to anatomical and medical terminology and basic information on form and structure fundamental to considerations of function, physical diagnosis,

trauma and disease in support of the medical anatomy curriculum. Core knowledge of anatomy is crucial and required for physicians and dentist in order to practice and communicate safely. Medicine deals with the human body in all of its manifestations and realizing that neither student nor faculty can determine the ultimate use to which this information will apply for each individual, it is the object of the anatomy sessions to provide a broad coverage of gross structure.Descriptive Anatomy consist of topics that will be delivered over 17 weeks using various means of teaching including weekly lectures, presentation/group discussions, case studies and laboratory sessions.

Structure of the Course

Anatomy can be studied following either a regional or a systemic approach. In your first year Anatomy is studied following the systemic approach. Descriptive Anatomy consist of topics that

will be delivered over 17 weeks using various means of teaching including weekly lectures, presentation/group discussions, case studies and laboratory sessions. Course work assessments consist of 40 % and will include daily written quiz, two in-class examinations, laboratory sessions and group tutorial presentation. The lectures, tutorial and laboratory sessions provide case-based examples of the disease state.  Learning objectives, study guides and handouts are provided for each contact hour, electronically.

Tutorial sessions are a video-based guide to the dissection of the human body. It is designed to present a logical and ordered sequence of exposures of anatomy which will maintain logical and understandable continuities between adjacent regions of the body. All gross anatomy materials are presented on Acland Videos Series - students are required to obtain their personal electronic copy of all of the six (6) videos. Before the beginning of each sequence in the first year, each student is required to review anatomy sessions within that sequence.

With each lab session, simple clinical cases or vignettes will be delivered by students to emphasize the anatomy as applied to clinical situations. Web-based examples of case vignettes are available in the list of recommended resources for your guidance. Please do not re-use these vignettes in their entirety. These clinical correlations will make the anatomy more meaningful. The team presenting will be responsible for presenting the anatomy relevant to the clinical case for that day. An atlas is needed for all laboratory session. In these sessions you will also learn to examine the various organ systems using your colleague as the model.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Topic 1: Introduction to Anatomy

The students will be able to:1. Define the term Anatomy.2. State the aims of Anatomy.3. Describe the approaches by which Anatomy may be studied.4. Describe the relationship between Anatomy and other Sciences.5. Define and differentiate the following terms: adduction, abduction, supination, pronation,

medial and lateral rotation, circumduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation, coronal plane, sagital plane, medial, median, lateral.

Topic 2: Skeletal System

SkullThe students will be able to:

1. Describe, identify and name the bones that comprise the viscerocranium of the skull and the foramina found in this part of the skull.

2. Name the bones that constitute the neurocranium of the skull and the foramina found in this part of the skull.

3. List the foramina through which the cranial nerves, arteries and veins enter and leave the skull.

Vertebral Column The students will be able to:

1. Name the major features of typical cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.2. Name the major features of the sacrum and coccyx. 3. Discuss the distinguishing features of the atlas and the axis.4. Discuss the joints between the atlas, axis and skull.5. Discuss the movements between the atlas, axis and skull.6. Describe the function of the transverse and alar ligaments of the atlas.7. Describe the five ligaments that support the vertebral column. 8. Describe the joints found between typical vertebrae. 9. Describe the movements between typical vertebrae.

Pelvis The students will be able to:

1. List the bones of the pelvic girdle.2. List the components of the hip bone. 3. Describe the sacroiliac joints and their ligamentous support.4. Explain the importance of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments in preventing

rotation of the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints.5. List the openings in the bony pelvis, major structures passing through these openings, and

with which spaces these openings communicate.6. Describe the boundaries of the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet.

Thoraic wall 1. Describe the skeletal framework of the thoracic wall. 2. Describe the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) and the inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet). 3. Describe the costovertebral, sternocostal and sternoclavicular joints. Upper LimbsThe students will be able to:

1. Identify, name and correctly orient the bones forming the shoulder girdle and the shoulder joint.

2. List the major ligaments that contribute to the stability of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.

3. Describe the location of the subacromial and subscapular bursae at the shoulder joint.4. List/identify the major anatomical features of the humerus.5. Describe the bony and ligamentous anatomy of the elbow joint.6. List/identify the major anatomical features of the radius and ulna.7. Describe the movements that occur at the radioulnar joints and at the wrist joint.8. Describe the articulations between the distal radius and the proximal row of carpal bones.

9. Describe the general arrangement of articulations between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpals (4 distal carpals, 5 metacarpals).

10. List/identify the major anatomical features of the phalanges and interphalangeal joints.

Lower Limbs 1. Identify the major anatomical features of the femur. 2. Describe the bones that forms the hip joint and list its ligamentous support.

3. List the major anatomical features of the tibia and fibula.4. Describe the knee joint, its cartilage and its ligamentous support.5. Describe the ankle joint, and its ligamentous support.6. List the bones of the foot and their relationships to one another.

Topic 3: Muscular System

The students will be able to:1. Identify and name anatomy of the facial muscles. 2. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the facial muscles.3. Identify and name anatomy of muscles of the neck. 4. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the neck muscles.5. Identify and name anatomy of muscles of the back.6. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the back muscles.7. Identify and name anatomy of muscles of the thoracic wall.8. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the thoracic muscles.9. Identify and name anatomy of muscles of the diaphragm.10. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the muscles of the diaphragm.11. Identify the structures passing through the diaphragm and state at what vertebral levels they

pass.12. Identify and name anatomy of muscles of the abdominal wall.13. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the abdominal wall muscles.14. Identify and name anatomy of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper extremity.15. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the muscles of the upper extremity.16. Identify and name anatomy of the muscles lower extremity. 17. Describe the origin, insertion and action of the muscles of the gluteal region and lower

extremity.

Topic 4: Cardiovascular System

Pericardium The students will be able to:

1. Describe the location of the heart in the mediastinum.2. List the pericardial coverings of the heart.3. Describe the extent, and attachments, of the fibrous pericardium (pericardial sac).

HeartThe students will be able to:

1. Describe the arterial supply of the fibrous pericardium.2. List the surfaces and margins of the heart and the chambers/structures that contribute to

them.3. Describe the anatomy of the heart chambers and their relationships to adjacent

structures.4. Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the heart.5. Describe the conduction system of the heart.6. Describe the surface projections of the heart and the heart valves.7. Describe the path of blood flow through the heart.8. Differentiate between the systemic and the pulmonary circulation.

Vascular SystemStudents will be able to:

1. Differentiate vascular patterns: arterial versus venous, branches versus tributaries, anastomosis, end arteries and vascular shunts.

2. Identify and name the anatomy of the major blood vessels, their branches and areas they supply e.g. carotid, subclavian, brachial, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac and femoral.

3. Describe the arterial contributions to, the components of branches of the circle of Willis.4. Identify and name the anatomy of the major veins, their tributaries and areas drained e.g.

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava.

Topic 5: Respiratory System

Nasal CavityThe students will be able to:

1. List the bones that form the boundaries of the nasal cavity.2. List the bones and cartilage that form the nasal septum. 3. Describe the paranasal sinuses, the bones in which they are found and where each opens

into the nasal cavity.

PharynxThe students will be able to:

1. Delineate the borders between the naso-, oro- and laryngopharynx.2. List the general attachments, innervations and functions of the muscles of the pharynx.

LarynxThe students will be able to:

1. Identify the hyoid bone and the cartilages that form the larynx.2. Identify the ligaments/membranes of the larynx.3. Define the boundaries and extent of the larynx.

4. Describe the true and false vocal folds. 5. List the attachments, innervation and functions of the muscles of the larynx.

Pleura and LungsThe students will be able to: 1. Describe the parietal and visceral pleura.

2. List the recesses formed by the pleural reflections.3. List the identifying features of the right and left lungs.4. List the surfaces and borders of the lungs. 5. Describe the typical branching pattern of the bronchial tree.6. Define a bronchopulmonary segment.7. Describe the arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and innervation of the lungs

and the bronchial tree.

Topic 5: Substance Abuse

The students will be able to:1. Discuss how alcohol and tobacco affect the respiratory and cardiovascular system.

TEACHING SCHEDULE

Week Topic Content Teaching/Learning strategies

1 Skeletal System Introduction Lecture, Tutorial

Skull and Vertebral Column

2 Pelvis and Thoracic Wall

Skull Laboratory

Vertebral Column3 Shoulder Girdle, Upper Limbs Lecture, Tutorial

Pelvis Laboratory

Thoracic Wall

4 Lower Limbs Lecture, Tutorial

Shoulder Girdle, Humerus Laboratory, Tutorial

Forearm and Hand

5 Hip and knee joint, Femur

Leg and FootMuscular Introduction, Face, Neck, Back Presentations,

System Tutorial6 Thorax, Diaphragm, AbdomenShoulder Girdle, ArmForearm and Hand

7 Gluteal region, ThighLeg, Foot

Assessment 1- Written Test – Short answer and True and False, Duration 90 mins. SKELETAL SYSTEM

8 MID SEMESTER BREAK9 Review of Assessment 1

Muscular System

Face, Neck, Back Laboratory, TutorialThorax, Diaphragm, Abdomen

10 Shoulder Girdle, ArmForearm and HandGluteal region, Thigh

11 Leg, FootCardiovascular System

Pericardium, Heart Lecture, TutorialVascular System

12

Assessment 2 - Written Test – Short answer - Duration 90 mins – Muscular System

13 Cardiovascular System

Pericardium, Heart LaboratoryVascular System

Review of Assessment 214 Cardiovascular

SystemVascular System Laboratory

Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx Lecture, TutorialPleura and Lungs

15 Nasal Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx LaboratoryPleura and Lungs

Substance Abuse

Affects on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory System.

Presentation, Discussion

16 REVISION17

METHOD OF ASSESSMENT

a) Course Work: 40% Course Work Assessment

Daily written Quiz 10% 2 Midterm Exams 20% ( 10 % Each )

Weekly Presentations 5% Laboratory Practical’s 5%

b) Final Examination: 60%

* Theoretical: 40% * Practical: 20%

GRADING SCHEME

A= 80-100%B= 70-<80%C= 60-<70%D= 55-<60%F= <55%

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXTBOOKS

1. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Fifth Edition. 2006

2. Drake RL, Volg, W, Mitchell AWM. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2007

3. Livingstone EC, Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Thirty-Ninth Edition, 2008.

Recommended web-based anatomy tools

1. Anatomy, Dartmouth College.

2. Gray's Anatomy

3. Gross Anatomy Dissection Videos, University of Wisconsin

This course outline was approved on _______________________by: …………………………………..

Head of Department: ___________________________ Sig.: ……………………………………………..

Dean/Assist. Dean: _____________________________ Sig.: ……………………………………………