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6/10/2016
Mechatronics Engineering:
Overview, recent progress and future
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation
Beihang University
Prof. Tianmiao Wang Prof. Li Wen
Mechanical and Electrical Control System &
The Development Tendency
• What’s mechatronics ?
• What is mechatronics consist of?And the function of
each part?
• What are the key technologies involved in the
mechatronics system?
• What`s the requirements of mechatronics system in the
financial market?
1 Fundamental concept
2
3
4
Development situation
5
System composition
Key technology
Product classification
I. An overview of mechatronics system
6 The difference with other technology
I. 1.1 The Concept of Mechartonics
Mechanical is a product of electronic technology, information
technology to the penetration of mechanical industry in the wave of
new technology.
The word Mechatronics comes from Japan (70s).It consists of
Mechanics at the first half and Electronics at the second half.
Mechatronics involves many related disciplines
Mechanics :mechanical design, mechanical manufacturing, etc
Electronics: electrical engineering, electrical machinery, digital circuits, analog circuits
Cybernetics: classical control, modern control
Computer science: microprocessor system and interface technology, application software technology (CAD, CAM, FMS, CAT, CNC)
Mechatronics
System
Basic
machine
ActuatorSensing
detection
Mechanical
transmissi
on
Gear-d
riven
Wo
rm-a
nd
-gear
Belt
driv
e
Hyd
rau
licd
rive
Mechanism
Bo
dy
Pro
p
Pre
ssu
resen
so
r
En
co
de
r
Gra
ting
Ele
ctric
Pn
eu
matic
Hyd
rau
matic
Serv
om
oto
r
Ste
pp
er
moto
r
So
len
oid
va
lve
Rela
y
IPC
Mic
roco
ntro
lle
r PL
C
Dig
ilog
ue
circ
uit
Power
systemControl and
information processing
Faste
nin
gs
• M echatron ics Techno log y: From the viewpoint of
system, it organically integrates the mechanical technology,
microelectronics technology, information technology, control technology
on the basis of system engineering in order to realize the system
optimization of a new science and technology.
• It is not a simple overlay of
mechanical and electronic, but
an application technology
based on information theory,
cybernetics and system theory.
Mechatr
-onics
Information
science
Mech
an
ics
Electronics
1.1 The Concept of Mechartonics
• Mechatronics generally contains Mechatronics
products (system) and Mechatronic technology.
• Typical mechatronics products (system) are: CNC
machine tools, intelligent robot, automobile electronic
products, instruments and meters, electronic
typesetting printing system, CAD/CAM system, etc.
1.1 The Concept of Mechatronics
…
…
CNC ndustrial robot
Basic
components …
…
servo drive
……
detectorsensor
transfer system
AGV
stereoscopic
warehouse
PLC
FMS
…
…
DNC
Key Equipment in Digital Production Lines
Th
e k
ey u
nd
erly
ing
au
tom
atio
n
eq
uip
me
nt
1 Fundamental concept
2
3
4
Development situation
5
System composition
Key technology
Product classification
I. An overview of mechatronics system
6 The difference with other technology
1.2 Development Overview
1.Before the 1960s is the first stage ,called the “Embryonic stage”
In order to improve the performance of mechanical products, engineerscombined the mechanical with electronic technology consciously orunconsciously.
However, due to the development of electronic technology is relativelybackward , the combination has not been widely used.
2.The second stage is between the 1970s to80s,called the“Vigorousdevelopment stage ”
The Computer technology, control technology, communication technology
make the base for the development of mechatronics. The characters of this periodare:
① Firstly, the term mechatronics is generally accepted in Japan ,it is not accepteduntil the 1980s about the world;
② Mechatronics technology and products have been greatly developed;
③ All countries have begun to give attentions and supports to the mechatronicstechnologies and products .
1.2 Development Overview
3.The late 1990s is the third stage, called the “intelligent stage”.
① Not only the optical and communications technologies are mechatronics,
micro-fabrication techniques revealed the first leg in mechatronics, there are
new branches such as mechatronics and micro mechatronics;
② Not only the design, analysis and integration methods of the mechatronic
systems model, but mechatronics discipline system and trends have been
studied in-depth.
③ Due to the huge advances in the field of artificial intelligence , neural
network technology and fiber optic technology, mechatronics technology
has gained a lot. These studies will lead to establish a complete mechatronic
basement and a scientific system.
The stage of the electromechanical control systems
Development of electromechanical control systems are divided
into the following stages by the control devices:
• The earliest electromechanical control systems appeared in the early 20th
century, it is only using the simple electrical contactors and relay controls to
achieve the start, stop and have speed control , but its control is slow and the
accuracy is poor;
• In the 1930s, the control system has developed from intermittent control
system to the continuous control; continuous control system can always check
the working status of the control object and according to the quantity of
output to control the object automatically, its rapidity and precision are much
higher than the intermittent control and not only simplify the control system,
but reduce the circuit contacts so that the reliability and efficiency are higher;
• The magnetic amplifier control and power controlled rectifier control mercury
has appeared between the 1940s-50s.
The stage of the electromechanical control systems
• In the late 1950s the control of the power transistors has been appeared, because
of it have many advantages such as good control characteristics, fast response,
long life, high reliability, easy maintenance, small size, light weight, etc. It has
opened a new era for the mechanical and electrical automatic control system.
• With the development of numerical control technology and the computer
applications, especially the emergence of the application of micro- computers,
make the control system to a new stage - sampling control.
• In the early 1970s, the computer numerical control (CNC) system was used in
CNC machine tools and machining centers, which not only enhanced the degree
of automation, but also improve the machine’s versatility and processing
efficiency, Besides, it has been widely applied on the production .
• The birth of industrial robots has made the basement of the overall machining
automation.
• Since the 1980s, there have been appeared the computer-controlled machining
centers automatic lines-Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS), which consists
of the CNC machine tools, industrial robots , automated guided vehicles, it is
an important component of automated workshop and factory automation .
• Advanced stages of manufacturing automation is to make the design and
integration, namely using the computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-
aided manufacturing (CAM) to form a complete system of product design and
manufacturing process, so as to make from product conception and design to
assembly and quality management automatic, in order to achieve high
efficiency, high flexibility, high quality, and computer integrated
manufacturing system (CIMS).
The stage of the electromechanical control systems
1 Fundamental concept
2
3
4
Development situation
5
System composition
Key technology
Product classification
I. An overview of mechatronics system
6 The difference with other technology
1.3 The Com position of M echatron ics System
There are a lot of the elements in a mechatronics system, of
which five elements are necessary. We can get inspiration from
the five elements of human body.
heart
organs muscle control system
powerplant
detector actuator
mechanism
noumenon
Human Mechatronics
brain
skeleton
1 Mechanism NoumenonMechanical body framework connection achieve the
structure function
Requirements: reliable, small and beautiful
2 PowerProvide energy, converted to desired form.
Requirements: high efficiency and good reliability
1.3 The Composition of Mechatronics System
3 Sensing Device
Test product state of internal and external environment, realize measuring
function.
Requirements: small size, high precision, anti-jamming
4 Electronic Control UnitTreatment, operation, decision-making, implementation control
function
Requirements: high reliability, flexible and intelligent
5 Execution-drivenRequirements: electric, hydraulic and pneumatic
1.3 The Composition of Mechatronics System
How it works:The operator inputs the process inform ation (such as size,
shape, accuracy, etc.) to the control com puter. The com puter sends a
start com m and to start the operation of the driving elem ent, driven
actuators for p rocessing . Measuring elem ent real-tim e detects the
processing cond ition , feedbacks the inform ation to the com puter. After
com puter analysis and processing , a correspond ing control com m and is
sent to real-tim e control actuator ̀ s m ovem ent. Step by step , the work
p iece is fin ished accord ing to the processed inform ation autom atically.
information
input
Position and
speed detection
unit
Motor
mechanical
part
Position
and
velocity
feedback
CNC
1.3 The Composition of Mechatronics System
1 Fundamental concept
2
3
4
Development situation
5
System composition
Key technology
Product classification
I. An overview of mechatronics system
6 The difference with other technology
1.4 The Key Technology in Common
1. Precision machinery technology
2. The information processing technology
3. Automatic control technology
4. Servo drive technology
5. Detection and sensor technology
6. System integration technology
Precision Machinery Technology
Emphasizes the use of precision mechanical design technology, it is
using high and new technology to achieve the changes on the
structure, material, performance.
Satisfaction
Reduce weight and the volume
Improve the rigidity and precision
Achieve standardization, generalization and seriation
The Information Processing Technology
Including information input, transformation, operation, storage and output.
Information processing tools are computer, including hardware, software, network and communication, database technology, etc.
Industrial control computer is adopted to improve the information processing in the system, its hardware includes input/output devices, display, external memory, host, programmable controller, the numerical control device and so on.
sensor A/D computer D/A actuator
Automatic Control Technology
Mechatronics automatic control system includes position control,
velocity control and force or torque control, self-correcting
compensation. Automatic control is the basis of the principle of
automatic control. It can be divided into:
Classical control theory: the single input and single output linear
time-invariant systems (on the basis of transfer function)
Modern control theory: multi-input - output, high precision ,
nonlinear system (based on the equation of state)
Requirements: steady, fast and exact
The Servo Drive Technology
The so-called "Servo" (Servo) is the meaning of "follow" .
electric signal mechanical operation
Under the command of control instruction, control the driving
element, make the mechanical parts move according to the
requirements of the command, and has good dynamic
performance.
Research object: actuators and drives
Types of actuators: electric, hydraulic, pneumatic
Driver: all kinds of motor driver
The Detection and Sensor Technology
The object of study: sensor and its signal detection device
Role: receptors, the feedback loop.
Requirements: can get information quickly and accurately and
has high reliability in the corresponding application environment It
is the important link to realize automatic control.
Main contents: 1. convert the physical quantities (displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force, torque, temperature, etc.) into a
electricity signal with certain proportional; 2.process electrical signals
such as amplification, compensation and calibration.
System Integration Technology
From the overall objective, use the viewpoint and method of systems
engineering, combine the various functional modules organically to
achieve the overall optimum of the system .
The key technology is interface technology, including electrical,
mechanical interface, human interface.
1 Fundamental concept
2
3
4
Development situation
5
System composition
Key technology
Product classification
I. An overview of mechatronics system
6 The difference with other technology
1.5 Mechatronics Product Categories
Accordance with utility
Industrial machinery: electronic control machinery used for industrial production, such as numerical control equipment
Information machinery: used in information processing, storage, such as office automation equipment
Livelihood machinery: electronic machinery products used for people's life, such as household appliances
Accordance with functionCNC machinery :CNC machine, robots
Electronic device: automatic washing machine
Electro-hydraulic servo: electro-hydraulic shaking table
Information control: fax machines
Electromechanical combination: vending machines
1 Fundamental concept
2
3
4
Development situation
5
System composition
Key technology
Product classification
I. An overview of mechatronics system
6 The difference with other technology
1) With the traditional electrical control
Trad itional electrical control technolog y, m ain ly achievethrough a variety of electrical electrom agnetic characteristics ,such as relays, contactors, etc., w ithout reg ard to or rarelyconsider the intrinsic link between them in the desig n
Mechatronics rely on com puter control ,em phasizing theinteraction and influence between m echanical parts and electricalcom ponents in the desig n process, the entire device has a certainintellig ence under com puter control.
1.6 The Difference With Other Technology
2) With concurrent engineering
Mechatronics combines mechanical technology, m icroelectronics,computer technology, control technology and detection technology in thedesign and manufacture stage together organically, pay g reat attention tothe interaction between mechanical and other components. Andconcurrent engineering makes these various techniques go hand in handwithin their range, only in different design and manufacturing technology ,and finally complete the overall device by a simple overlay.
1.6 The Difference With Other Technology
3) With automation technology
Automatic control technology focus on the discussion control principle,
control laws, analytical methods and the structure of automated systems.
Mechatronics sees automatically control principles and methods as an
important supporting technology, the automation control component parts as
an important application of automatic control theory and methods, analysis
systems and estimates performance.
1.6 The Difference With Other TechnologyTechnology
4) With computer application technology
Mechatronics just makes computer as the core component of the
application, the purpose is to enhance and improve system performance.
Computer Applications in mechatronic systems is only part of the
computer application technology, it can be widely used in the office,
management and image processing. Mechatronics technology research is
mechatronic systems, rather than the computer application itself.
1.6 The Difference With Other Technology