Mechanics of ventilation
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Transcript of Mechanics of ventilation
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Mechanics of ventilation
How the lung is supported and moved
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Pneumothorax of right lung
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Rotation axis
ribs
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Static recoil
Interpleuralpressure
Air
flow
insp exsp
Interpleural
pressure
Tidal volume
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P=T/r
↑r ↓T
P = P
↓CL
Dipalmitol fosfatidil cholin + protein
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Alveoli are larger at the apex (upper panel) than base (lower)
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∆V
∆P
C = ∆V / ∆P
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∆P
∆V.
R=∆P / ∆V.
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Number of airways increases rapidly with generation
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Mechanism of dynamic compression
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Work done on the lung during breathing
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Transport of gas from alveoli to blood
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GasMembraneblood
0.5 μm
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Very thin blood-gas barrier
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Limitation byperfusion
Limitation bydiffusion
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Respiration at the limit: Respiration at the limit: surviving on the summit of Mt surviving on the summit of Mt
EverestEverest
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Highest altitudes attained in the last century
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Maximum oxygen uptake at increasing altitudes
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Climbers Ranked by their Hypoxic Ventilatory Response
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Alveolar Pco2 at Extreme Altitudes
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Pulmonary Gas Exchange on the Everest Summit
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O2 Dissociation Curves in High-Altitude Mammals
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Decrease of barometric pressure with altitude
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Climber on the Everest Summit
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Polycythemia at 4600 m altitude
• Hemoglobin concentration 19.8 g/dl
• Arterial PO2 45 mm Hg
• O2 saturation 81%
• O2 concentration 22.4 ml/dl
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DLO2 = VO2 / PAO2 Pc O2
DLCO = VCO / PACO
Time of blood flow through pulmonary capillary