MECHANICS AND MATERIALS

lN DESIGN

Ediled bJ'

J.F. Silva Gomes &

Shaker A. Meguid

Edições INEGI (2006)

Published by

rNEGi· lnsrituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial Rua do Barroco, N° 174,4465-591 Leça do Balio, Portugal

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.Ju/y. 2006

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PREFACE

M 2D, 2006 is the fifrh intemational gathering af scientists and engineers interested in

the fields ofengineering mechanics, design and materiaIs engineering planned for July 24-26, 2006 in the bcautiful city Df Porto, Portugal. This is a well-established meeting with fo llowers from some 35 nations.

The first conference af this series was held in Toronto in 1996 and attracted over ] 50 delegates. The second was organized by Professors .1.8. Hull and R. Gentle in Nottingham in 1998. The third was 'organized by Professor S.A. Meguid in Orlando in 2000. The fourlh \Vas organized by Dr. T. Mori and Professor H. Fujii in Nagoya, Japan in June 2002. These meetings resu lted [Tom the belief that af those disciplines associated with advanced product design and manufacture, engineering mechanics and materiaIs engineering have made the 1110st signiticant advance in recent years. Important and dramatic improvements in component design cnn be made by the use of the Iatest advances in mechanics and materiais. Indeed, as a result of the activities in these three important fields: Mecl1anics, Materiais and Design, lhe International Joumal of Mechanics and MateriaIs in Design was established in 2004. With Professor lF. Silva Gomes being an impanant member af the Editorial Board and Professor Shaker A. ivleguid being its Editor-in-Chief.

lt is with this in mind that this Fiftlr I/ltel'/1atio/1111 C01~rel'ellce OJ1 ilfechanics alld Materiais i11 Desigll is organized. The purpose is to bring together scientists and engineers from the mechanics and materiais commullities to present their latest results and discuss new advances over a broad range oftopics dealing with analytical, numerical and experimental techniques in mechanics and advi.1llces in materiaIs' tcchnology as well as case studies. VI/e have done our best to provi de the delegares with an cnvironment conducive to exchange of knowledge, networking and making new friends.

\Ve take this to thank our colleagues \V110 contributed considerably to the event by organizing topical symposia and by hei ping tiS to launch this important meeting. We are truly grateful for their efforts. We aIs o wish our overseas friends to have a great time in Portugal. We wish you ali a happy and successful slay in Porto.

Sltakel' A. l\1egllid

.f.F. Silva Gomes

v

vi

CONTENTS

Preface v

List af contrihutions vii

REF: PLENARY PAPERS

/\0001.1102 Nonlinenr Analysis ofFunctionally Graded Shell Structures Using Tensor~BElsed Shell 3 Element, h)'J.N. Reddy , and R.A. Arciniega

A0002.1002 Bulk Metal Forming and the Flow Formulalion, by J.M.C Rodl'iguf!s. alld .I.M.c. 5 P.A.F. Martin.~

A0003.0733 Recent Trends in Gear Tribology: Surface Structure :llld Gear Pcrformance, bJ' Bernd· 7 Robert I-Mim, Klaus Michaelis, al1d Oliver /;/,ei!

A0004.0023 Quasi-sllItic nnd Dynamic Collapse of Fonm FiJled Columns: Trcnds and Prospects, bJ' 9 Shakcr A. Ml!gl/id

A0005,09!3 8iomechan ica! Invcstigations on Ibe Tota! Knee Arthrop!asty. by F. Fonseca, A. II Completo, and J.A. Simiies

A0006.130 1 Microscale Cutting of Metais and lhe Impact of Microstructure When fvlachining 1045 13 StceJ Across Diffcrent Length Seales, by A. SiI1l011eall. E. Ng. and M.A. Elbcstmvi

CHAP I EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS AND TESTlNG lN DESIGN 15

AO I O 1.0 I 01 A Test Jig ror Rclay's AccC!\eratetl Ufe Testing, by .411'aro Ahaker/i, Pedro Sasseron, J 7 ol1d Frcdaico Demo/in

AOIOJ:,OJOJ: DJla Annlysis of Accclerated Life Tests Under Uncertainty Conditions, by Alvaro 19 A.baker/i, and Maria Papa

AOI03.0103 Monitoring of Workpiece Surface in Manufacturing Environment Using Acoustic 21 Emission, by PaI/lo Agl/iar, Eduardo Bianchi. Paulo Cemi, André Lima, and Fâbio Dofto

A0104.0113 Experimental Evaluation ofMachine Pammeters During File Cuuing Edges, by Eurico 23 Seabra, Qlld Jaime Silva

AOl05,OlI4 Non-Destructivc Mechanics Procedurcs ofFailure Anulysis on Risk-Bascd Inspection 25 ofNatural Gas Pipelines, by Jose R. Soares, Luis A. Ferreira, Marques Ferreira. A. Correia Crllz, SilJlerio Marques, alld F!'allcisco 1'.1. Melo

AOI 06.0 120 Techniques in Numerical Differentiation of Expcrimentally Noisy Data, by Hemuni 27 Lope.s, Rui M. Glledes, and Mário A.I-'. Vo=

AOI07.0104 Numerical AnaJysis of Geomctrical lssues Concerning Split Hopkinson Tensile Test, 29 bJ' Y.E. Essa, and J.L. Perez Ca.\·tellmlOs

AOJOR.OIIO Failure analysis of Automobile Components using Hybrid Techniques, b)' Per1'in 31 Smilh Netu, Hemal1i Palma, and Victo/' Bical/lO

AO I 09.0080 Dcscription of !l Synchronism Systcm for Acquisition of External Data During 33 Hopkinson Bar Tests, by R. Guzmón Lópe=. ond.1. L. Pére=-Castellonos

AOIIO.DOn Low-Veloclly Impact Analysis af GlasslEpoxy .Plates, b)' Nuno F. Ri/o, Luís M.S. 35 Ferrdm, and Rogério A.C.P. Leal

vii

PorlOlPol"/lIgal, 14-26 JI/I)' 1006

AOI 1 1.0097 Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Bond Propenies Between Reinforccment 37 and Concrete, b.l' Carlos AJoreno, alld Ano Sarmento Bastos

A0112.0108 Two Way Shape Memory Effect in NiTi Alloy: Experimental Measurements and 39 Numcrical Simulntions, b)' And/"ca Falvo, F.M. Furgillele, and Carminc Maleaa

AO 11 3.0 117 Implementation of a Slructural Monitoring Network in lhe New Stone Masonry Bridge 41 in Vila Fria, Portugal, by António Arêde, Aníbal Costa, Cristina Costa, Cristina Barbosa, and Pedro Costa (InvilCd Pape)~

A0114.0105 EJliptical Nucleous Oplical Fiber Design Techniquc For Advanced Sensors, by Eric 43 Fujiwara. Edllardo Ono, Robinson Braga, and Cados Suzuki

AOl15 .0106 Reliable Interpretation 01' Experimental Data in Health-Monitoring of Slructures, by 45 Karl-Naus Lael'lllonJl

AOl16.0107 Hysteresis Compensation of an Open-Loop Piezoelectric Actuntor for Interferometric 47 Applications, by Llligi Bruno, o}Jd Carmine Maletla

AO 117.0028 Temperature Field Acquisiton During Oas Metal Arc \Velding Using FBG Sensors, by 49 Pedro Moreira, Q. FJ'Ozão, S.A1.o. Tavares, idA. V de. Figueiredo M.T. Re:aivo, .l.L. Sam os, and P.M.s. T. de Castro

AOl18.01 II Residual Stresses EvaJuation by lhe Incremental Hole-Drilljng Technique: A Ne\v 51 Computational Tool, by João Nobre. A. C BatisUl, L. Coelho, and A.M. Dias

ADI [9.0118 Residual Stress Assessment Using Optical Techniques, by Joãn Ribeiro, Jaime 53 lI,tonteiro, M. A. P. Vo;;, Hemóni Lopes. (lIld Paulo Piloto

A0120.0093 Scnling of Glass/Epoxy Laminmed PIntes Subjected lo Transverse Qunsi-Static 55 Loading, by N/lJw F. Rifo. Luis M.s. Ferreira, and Rogério A.C.P. Leal

. A0121.0!25 Applicatian af ElectTonic ' Specklc Pattern lnlcrferomelry for Residual Slresses 57 tvlcasurement, h.1' Olomar Sedh~li, and Slanis!al' !lo!)',

A0122.0121 Shcar Mode Resonance af Piezoelectric Ccramics, hy M.A. Marques, V.B. Silva, J..4 . 59 Mendes, R. Si/va. R. Ribeiro, alld Múrio A.P. Va;;

A0123 .01 19 An lmproved Sherography Tcchnique for Spadal Differentiation, by Hcmâni Lopes, 61 Rui M. Guedes, [md Mário A.P. Vaz

AO 124.01 09 Application of Digitul Shadow Moire to Mcasurements 01' Human Body PerfilomctT)', 63 by Perrin Smith Nelo, Eric Fonseca, and Gabriela Freiras

A0125.0115 A Sub-Pixcl Comer Detector Using lhe Hilbert Transform, hy Paulo Tavares, and 65 Mário A.? Vaz

A0126.0122 Digital Holography Using a Photographic Camem, b,l' Jaime MoJlteiro, Hernâni Lopes, 67 alld Mário A.P. Vaz

A0127.0116 Complcx 3D Shape Measurement with Structured Light Field Projection, by PaI/Ia 69 Tavares, and Mário A.P. [,'az

A0128.0124 Behaviour of Embedded Bragg Grating Sensors, by J.L. ESlcves, CA . Ramos, anrl R. 71 Oliveira

CHAP II STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINAR·Y OPTlMIZATION lN DESIGN 73

A0201.0066 Robust Dcsign Strmegy, by Marie-Maud elia/illoll, and LOl/is Jézéqllel 75

A0202.0204 Aeroelastic Optimisation of a Tapered Composite \Ving. Structure, by S!Ji~ljIlJJ GIIO. and C. TV Chelll1g

AU203 .0205 Bias-Specified Robust Dcsign Optimizntion Us ing a Regressive Updating Approach, by GI/n/her Steel1od::.e/"s, and Patrick GuillawJJe

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viii Editors: J.F. Silva Gomes & Shaker A. lvJegllid

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5th Inlc/"I1al ional COI!(crcllce 011 A"echallics alld Materiais ill Design

A0204.02J5 Techniques Adoptcd in lnLegrating Struclura! Analysis with Numerical Oplimization, 81 by MarIa Carvalho, José L. Vale, LI/ii" T. Pinheiro. and Miguel M. Ne.ves

.1\0205.0206 Examples of Multilevel Optimum Design of Composite Structures, hy Alcxallder 83 Polilol'. and N.A. Tatulls

A0206.0203 Design ofa Multifunctional Pane! for Railway Vehicles Using Topology Optimizntion 85 of Structures, lIy Pedro Pinto, Arlindo Silva. and Paulo Fernandes

A0207 .0201 Artificial Neural Nctwork Applicd lo Delection of Burning in Grinding Process, by 87 k!arcelo Spadotto, Paulo Aguiar, Ricardo Pmzc/"e.', CaI'/os SOl/za, Ql1d Eduardo Bianchi

AmOS.0208 A 3D Study for Thcrmal Optimization ofMasonry Units, hJ' Luisa C. SUl/sa, Catarina 89 C. Castro, Carlos C. António. alld Hipólito Sousa

A0209.0202 Study of \Velding Tcmperature Distribuiion Using an Artificial Neural Nel, hy 91 Francisco !lo CarJo:o. José Carlos Belo. Francisco Belo. and Theophilo IIlaciel

A02Jü.(J209 Anificial Neural Nelworks and Metal Forming Optimizalion Using GeneLic 93 Algorithms, by CatarÍl1Q C. Castro, Carlos C. Amónio. and Luisa C. SOl/sa

A0211.0095 lvlu lti-Objcclive Design in Nature and in lhe Artificial, hyAmiram MO~'haioll (lnviteil 95 Keynotc Paper)

A0212.0210 An Updating Conjugale Gradient Melhod for Design Optimisation, by Keith Dal'cy 97

A0213.02 1 I Cross-Seclion 01' Compositc TIlin-Wal1ed Beams Design Sensitivity Analysis, hy João 99 Barradas Cardoso, alui Aníhal Valido (lnvited Paper)

A0214.0213 Design Optimization of Mechanical Systems wilh Uncertain Input, b.J' Artur BarJ"ciro~·. 101 PaI/lo P. Moita. and João Barradas Cardoso

AO::15 .u2 J 6 lIncertainty Ana!ysis Bnsed 011 Sensitivity, by Carlos CO/lceição Amól/io, and Luisa N. 103 IhdJbmlcr

A02 J 6.02 J 4 Minimum Tim~ Design and Control afMechanical Systems, by Palllo P. Moita. Anibal J 05 fialido , (md .loJa Barradas Cardom

A0117.0033 Analysis of lhe Rclationships Between Machine Settings. Process Pnrameters and 107 Quality Characteristics in Injection Moulding, by Paulo PiIlfO, António Osório, alld Jose Sá Costa

A02JR.0042 Laser Ablation Modcling for CNC Mnchinc ToaI Application in Mould 109 Manufacturing, by GiQ\."allni Ta/li, Leonardo Orazi, Alc.I"sandm Fortunato, mld Gabriel!! ClIccolini

A0219.0207 Artificial Neural Networlc Based 00 Genetic Leaming for Machining of Composite II ! MateriaIs, by Carlos C. Amónio, J. Paulo Davim. and Vítor Lapa

A0220.0044 Statistical Tolerance Trnnsfer for Sheel Metal Pan Forming, by Wang Rui, Georg 113 Thil/llll, ond Ma rongsheng

CHAP 1II I'RODUCT ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT lN DESIGN 115

A030 1.0302 A Different Look at QFD Based on Axiomatic Design, by Amdnio G. Coelho, and 117 Antonio lv/ourão (lllvitcd Keynolc Papc!')

A0302.0307 lnnovative Methodologies for Quality Design, by Leonardo Fri;;;:iero 119

A0303.0306 The Engine of Creation lnspiration, Dematerialization anJ Recombination, by Jose 121 Gaspar, Arlindo Silva. Elsa Henriques. and Hans Wellillg

Ao:104.0303 Smart Materiais Application in Outdoors Advcrtising, by .hu-ge Neves, alld Francisco 123 M. Mesquita

Contems ix

Porto/PorTugal. 24-26.1ul)' 2006

A0305.0305 Robust Appronch to Problem Formulntion: An Application in the Paim Industry, by 125 Pedro Sararm, Marco Reis. 017(( Fernando Bernardo

A0306.0308 Dcsign Case Study Conccming the Stmctural Alteration of an OfT-Road Vehicle, II.\' 127 Fernando Pina da Silva

A0307.0311 Specially Designed Superstructure for Road Transportation of Gas Cylinders. by João 129 Sabino

A030H.0312 Study of Mechanical Parameters for a Vehicle-Based Obswcle Detection Lllser 131 Scanning Device, byA.A. Curabelas, alld L.C Tsat.wris

A03U9.0309 Redesigning Car-Bodies Using Advanced 3D-Scanning Techniques and Reverse 133 Enginccring, hy J OS(; Carvalho Ferreira

A03 1 0.031 O Redesign of l\1echanical Parts lntegrating Rcverse Engineering and ComputationaJ 135 Mechanics. b)' José Üll"l'a/ho Ferreira

A03 11.(l304 3D Digitizatiün Solutions for Revcrse Engineering nnd Inspection Applications, by 137 Luís Rodrigues, MlIc:iel /licitas. lllld Jolio Travas.I·OS

A0312.0058 Mechanics and ivlnteriuls in Developing lnnüvative En crgy System for Decp Plan 139 Constructions, !I]' Da vid 11"- KCnnel~1' (Jnvi/ c:d f(e.vl1ote Pape!")

A0313.0301 A Design Approach for the Development of fi Dedicated Meuls Transporter Mobile 141 Robot, b)' Femalldo Corre//"{), Tomé Cunas, Arlindo Silva, and Carlos Cardeira

A0314.0063 The Portugue:;e Adaptive Unmanned Aerial Dcmonstrator. h.l' António Cosia, Car/o.\" 143 Silva, .{t.al Su/emun, anel Br/lno Rocha (iI/l'ited Papel~

A03! 5.00 19 Characterization of the Behaviour of II Variable Geometry Slructure, b)' Luis M. ! 45 Macareno, Carlos '''Jngu/o, (mel David Lópcz

A0316.031J An E.ngineering Dcsign Cuse Study - The "3inl Travelling Case", by Henriql/e 147 Almeida, aml Paulo Bárlolo

A03 1 7.0074 Wrinkling Ana!ysis Df Circulur Annulus-Shuped Space Gossa1l1er S!fuctures Under In- 149 Plane Torsion, hy W{lI1g C1WlIgg1IO, DII Xillgll'en . UI,d Wan Zhimin

A031 8.0047 Concert and Design Dcvelopment of n Mechanical Fire Fighting Projectile, b)' Pedro 15 1 Vi/aço , Ed/lQ/'do Dias, Q/lill/ina Partl/gal, Luís Quimo, and Francisco Lima

A0319.000ú FEA ofTwo Enginc Pistons I'vlade of"Aluminiulll Cust AlIoy A390 and Ductile 1ron 153 65-45-12 Undcr Scrvice Conditions, by Pedro Carvalhcim, alld P. Gonçalves

A0320.0070 Intakc Air Flow Simulutions for InlcrnuJ Combustion Engines, by Nic%e Fi/ip, 155 Nicolue Burnete. Emilian Borza

A032! .0087 Design of Typical Fragments of Heat-Exchangcr Jvlultisupport Tuhe Bundles on lhe 157 Base of Numerical Approach. by S(1veliy KlIphmuv, TatÍl.ma Fcscnku, and Sergcy KorcckiJ'

A0322.0314 Design of Glass Artifacts Through Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling, hy Acócio 159 Silva, F. Jorge Uno. and Rui J. Nc(()

CHAP IV WELDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE (WELDON) lN DESIGN 161

A0401.0404 Overview of the WELDON EU Project, by M.A. Gomes, A. Thoma.\'. P. Sdiger, S. 163 Concari, B. Pathiraj, P. Veron. Adib Beckcr, and Thomas Hyde (i11l'iled Keyl1ulc Pape,:)

A040c.0405 Determination ofCreep Properties for P91 Weldmcnt MateriaIs at 6250C, by Thomas lá5 Hyde, Adib Beckcr, IV. SlIn, A . l'aghi, J_1. IFilliams, and S. Concari

A0403.0403 WELDON Overview of Industrial and Research Experience Related to Welds and Data 167 Collation in the \VELDON Databank, by S. Concari

x Edito':~; J.F. Silva Gomes & Shaker A. Me6,'1Jid

5th Illlemariol/a! C(JIljen':lIce 0/1 Mcchallics and Matcrials in Design

A0404.040 1 Finite Element Creep Fa ilurc Analyses of P9 1 Large Tensi\c Cross-Weld Specimcns lG9 Tested aI 6250C, by Thomas Hydc. Adib Becker. W. 511/1, A. Yaghi, A. 111Omas. alld P. Seliger

A0405.0407 High Temperalurc Bchaviour of Similar and Dissimi lar Welded Componenls of Steel 171 Grade P22 and P91, by P. Seliger, and A. Thomas

A0406.0402 Simulatioll ofResidual Stresst!5 in Weldcd P91 Pipes, byA. Yaghi, Thomas Hydc, Adib 173 Becker, II'. SUII. J.A. Williams, alld B. Pathiraj

A0407.0408 Experienccs with Dissimilar Welds aI High Tcmpcrature During Manufacturing, 1~1' P. 175 Veron

A0408J1409 Life Assessmen t o f \Veld Join! io 2.25Cr-1 Mo Steel in Crccp Canditions, bJ' T. Vlasâk, 177 J. Hakl. alld J. Sobof/;a

A0409.0406 Wc!dment af Casl Steel P9 1 - Crccp Testing and Microstructure Eva luation, by 179 Dagmar Jandol'á, JOJej Kasl, Vciclov Kal/ta, cmel Elia Folkova

A04! 0.04 1 O Creep and Fracture Behaviour of Dissimilar P91/P23 Welds, by Vlasfimil Vodó/'ck, 181 Zdenek KHbon, alUI OClli.\'a TOl/sová

A041 1.0075 Long-Term Crecp Rupture Streogth Pred icilion and Failurc Mechanisms of Weld 183 Joints of Bailer Tubes and Pipes, by Zdellék KlIhmj

CHAP V VIBRAT ION MODELlNG ANO TESTING lN DESIGN 185

A050 1,0505 Free and Porced Vibrotions wi th Viscous and Hysteretic Damping: A Diffe rent J 87 Perspective, hy A.M.R. Ribeiro, NI/llo Maia. alld .!úlia M. Si/va (lnvited Paper)

A0502./l0RS On lhe Occurcm:c a f Spurious Optical Modes in Transient Dynamic Finile Element 189 Analysis, byJiri P/esek. Radek Ko/man, Qlld Mi/os/av Okrollhlilr

A0503.0089 lll fl uence o f Ini tial Strcss on Wave Propngalion. by Aleno Kruiso l'o, .!iri P/esc!.-, alld 191 .!1111 Ce/'v

A0504 ,0005 The Inliucnce of Coupling in lhe Propngation 01' WOlves in Linear Fcrroelectro- 193 Magne tic Continua, by Grayson Bush, aliei Gregal)' Carmoll

A0505.0094 Experim ental and Computational Aeroelaslic Sca ling Models for a Joined-W ing 195 Aircraft, h)' Pedro Pereira, LI/is Almeida, alUI Aftal SI//emall

A0506.00 16 Multisca le r ... lodeling Based on Nonlocoll-Iydrodynamics wi tb Partial Contra i, by T.A. 197 Khallfllleva

A0507.0503 Pos5ive Conlrol ofBlade Vibralions, byJohml Bralf 199

A0508.0508 On lhe Performunce af l-lybrid Active-Passive Damping TrCDlments Mechanisms for 201 Vibralion Control of Bcams Using Adaptivc Fced forward Stralegies, by CM.A. Vasques, clIld José Dias Rodrigues

A0509.U513 Parti cle Impact Damping, by Vikram K. Kinra. K/I/! S. Marhodi, alld E/}'an L lVilf 203

A051O.0504 Vibration Control of Liglhly Damped Bridges Through a Regencrative Dcvice, hy 205 MolwlII/ned lehclum. G. ChamberJand, alld LOl/is Jc:eqllcl

A05 11.0068 Seismic Response Analysis for Frame StrucLure Under lhe Control o f SMA Damper, 207 by Peng Gong. Dai Hllichao, ond Liu Dejll

A05 12.0084 Numerical Simulntion of the Seismic Intcraction Between Adjacent Bui ldings, hy A. 209 Lin/ios, 1. Relllzcpc/'is , P. Palie/sos, alld D. KOlls/aminidis

A05!3.050! Vibrodiagnoslics of the Process ing Accuracy of Machincd Detai!s in Metal, by 2 11 Gemwd.l' Aryassov. and Tal/fiO Dfto

COII/em .. xi

Porto/Portugal, 24-26 Jul)! 2006

A0514.0510 Design and Manufacture of Hybrid Polymer Concrete Bed for High-Speed CNC 213 Milling Machine, by Jung Do Suh. Qnd DaU Gil Ler::

A0515.0502 Coupled Flexure and Torsion Oscillations of an Urban Bus, by Amonio Gal/chia, 215 Vicente Dia=, José Calvo, Maria JcslÍs Boada, and Beatri= Boado

A0516.0026 Sensitivity Perfannance ofInput Shapers Applied to Command Profiles as Diagnostic 2 17 Toai of Flexible Robots, by Geovanlli Mimmi,Carlos Rottenbacher, and Ma1luel Rega==oni (Invired Papel)

:\0517.0043 Detecting Cuvitation in Pumps Using Higher Order Derivatives, by Leo Teder 219

A0518.(l024 Development of an Ultrason ic Piezoc\ectric Motor Actuated by Tmvelling Waves, hy 221 A Basílio, R. Igreja, P lnócio, C. Dias, and Jose Ai Mendes

A0519.0506 Hannonica: Stepped-Sine Spectrum Analyzer for Transfcr Function Measurement and 223 Non-Linear Experimental Assessment, by Diogo Montalvão, and Fontul Mihail

A0520.0509 Flow lnduced Vibmtion af Tube-bund!es. Numerieal Experiment Approach, by 225 SOlleJ()' Kaplzlllov, Natal)' Valles, alld Dmitriy 2m/barel'

A0521.0065 Numerieal Simulalion af the Axial Impaet on Thin Tubes Filled with Agglomerntc 227 CarL hy Cc/ina P. Gameira, and José S. Cirne

A0522.0507 Experimental ldemification of Dynamie Properties af Cork Compound, by J.SS. 229 Lopes, R.A.S. Moreira, ond Jose Dias Rodrigues

A0523.05!1 \Vind Dynamic Response af a Metallic Towcr, by R.F. Almeida, al/d Rui C. Barros 231

A0524.0315 On lhe Structural Design of fi \Vind Offshore Tower, lIy Rogério Bcssa, Carlos 233 Rodrigues, rll1d Rui C. Barros

:\0525.0512 Staged Canstruction of a Seismical1y Iso!ated Asymmetrie 3D Building, hy M T.B. 235 César, Rui C. BQI'ros

CHAP VI STRUCTURAL AND iVIATERIALS SAFETY lN DESIGN 237

A060 1.060 1 Ultimate Limit State Design for Lateral Torsiona! Buekling of Pmtially Encased Sleel 239 Beams, by Poulo Piloto, L.M.R. Alesquita, ond Ana Gavilán

A0602.0601 A Non-Linear tvlasonry lnfill Macro-Model to Reprcsent the Global Behaviour of 241 . Buildings Under Cyclic Loading, by H. Rodrigues. HumberlO Val1l11. olld A. Costa

A0603.0015 Fatigue Damage Under Btack Loading, hy Helder Pereira, Abílio Jesus, Amônio A. 243 Fernandes, and A{íredo Ribeiro

A0604.0029 A New Methodolagy for tbe Characterization of Made II Fracture of Pinus Pinaster 245 Wood, by Marcelo Moura, M.AL Silva, J.JoL. Morais, A.E. Morais, and J.L. Lousada (Invited Paper)

A0605.Q057 Stress Intensity Faetors for Notched Round Bars Using FEM, by Elzo.Fonseca, 247 Francisco li". Melo, R.AP. JlalcllIc

A0606.0017 On the Evaluntion of Shcar Stress Amplitude and Assessment af Multiaxinl Fatigue 249 Dmnnge, hy Bill Li. L. Reis, and Manuel Frei/as

CHAP VII WEAR AND LUBRICATION lN DESIGN 251

AU701.0706 The Minimum Qunntity Lubrieanl Technique - MQL in Maehining Proce,;;ses, hy 253 Edl/ardo BianeM, PaI/lo Aguiar, Leonardo Silva, Sandm Salltos. Alexal1dre Bezerra, o/ld Wislei Soles

xii Editors: J.F. Silva Gomes & Shaker A. Meguid

5th lntcmational Conjcrcnce 011 Mechanics and MateriaIs ;/1 Design

A0702.oo73 Influencc of Grit T)'pe in Force Evolulion During. Fine Grinding of a SiC-Aluminium 255 Composite, by A. Aguiar Viei,.a, A. Alolllei,.o Bap tista, R. Nata/Jorge, al/d M. Lages Parellfe

A0703.0709 Wear of Diamond Coated ToaIs on Ivlachining Graphne, by GU Cabral, Pedro Reis, 257 .João Paulo Dal'im, al/d José Grado

A0704.0704 Image Analysis in Samples Charo1cterization and Wear Prediction in Deep-Drawing, by 259 Nicola Be!{Jorc, F. lanniello, D. Srocclli. F. Casadei, ol/d /. Heikki/a

:\0705.0036 Material Pararneter Ident ificarion for Numerical Simulmions of Deep-Drawing of 161 Aluminium Allo)'s, h)' Bnlllo Chaparro. Dulce Rodrigues, Valdemar Fernandes, aI/d LI/is lI·Jenc=es

A0706.0705 Wear of Large Mold Steel Blocks, by J . .J.M. Mateo, G.M. Nicolas, A.E. Jimelle=, M 263 D%res Menmídc:;, D. Firmo. G. Silva. ol1d M.R. P;l1asco

A0707.0046 Laser Remeltin g Process of Nickel 8 ased and tvlolybdenum Based Plasma Sprnyed 265 Coatings: Problcms and Solutions, by D. FeJglleroso. R. Vi/ande, 1.M. Clletos. R. TlICho, and E. Fcmandcz

A0708.071 1 Study af the Bchuviour of W-Ti-N Sputtered Coatings: Micro-5cale Tests in Rolling 267 and Sliding Abrasion Comacts, by Amílcar Ramalho. P.N. Silva. ond A/bailO Cavaleiro

A0709.0727 Tribological Propenies ofThick TiN Coatings, by Hlla Xu. R. H'ci, al1d X Nic 269

AOilO.0702 Industrial Applications of DLC und High Temperature Self Lubricam Coatings, by 27 1 Ricardo Alexandre

AU711.0701 Sclf-l'vlllted Slid ing Bchaviour of CVD Nanocrystallinc Diamond Coated Silieon 273 Nitride Ceramics for Tribo logical Applications, by C.S. Abreu, M. Amaral. F.J. Olil·cira. R.F. Silva, alld J.R. Gomes

"\0712.0712 TriboJogical Behaviour of C-Alloyed Transilion Metal Dicha1cogenides (TMD) 275 Coatings in Different Environments, by MO/l/lel Evoristo, Tomas Polcar lInd Albano Cavaleiro

A0713.0007 lnno\'alivc Protot)'pe for Evaluation of \Vom Garment Damage Caused by Pilling 277 Formation, by Maria L/lrdes Carl/aI/lU, R.A.L. Migl/el. J.iH. LI/cos, p.r Fiadeira. and MJ.S. Silva

A0714.0018 A New MClhod lO Evaluate \Vom Garments Damnge Based on Gloss Formation, by 279 .I.M LIIr.:aS, R.A.L. Migllel, P. T. Fiadeira, M..J.s. Sill'o, ano' M.L.A.a. Carvalho

A0715.0707 Smdy af Abrasion Resistnnce of Duplex Treated Stee ls, by Micro-Scale Tcsts, by 28! Do\'id Braga, Amílcar Ramall/o, and A.lbano Cavaleiro

A07!6.0726 Some Aspeets of lhe Abrasive Polishing of Melai Surfaces, by Richa,.d~ Ul1denl'oods, 283 anel R.S. Sa.l'lcs

A0717.0714 \Vcar Mechanisms in Fretting of AISI 52100 Sleel, by M.C. Gaspal·. Qnd Amílcar 285 Ramalho

A0718.0717 \Vear Mechanism of Basalt Spinning Rolls, by Andr:ej Kilimpel • ...fIchaI/deI' Lisiecki. 287 alld DamiaflJaJlicki

.'\0719.0059 Auslcmpered Ductile lron as a Nove! Engineered Gcar fVlalerial , b.l' David M. 289 KCllnedy. Mallrice Grech, and Zdral'ko Sehollpcrl

AOnO.0722 Gear Micro-Pitting Performonce of Mineral and Biodegradable Ester Gear Oils, by 29 1 Ramiro Martins. and Jorge Seabra

A0721.0723 Influence Df lmmersion Deplh Df OlP Lubricated Gears on Power Loss, Buli, 293 Tcmpernture and Scuffing Load Carrying Capacity, by B.R. Hülm, K. Michaelis, alld H.P. Dero

A0122.0721 InOuence of Lubricant Type in Gear Scuffing, bJ' Ramiro Marlill.\·, NUllo Cardoso. and 295 Jorge Seabra

COnlel1fS xiii

Porto/Por-ruga!, 24-26 JI/(1' 2006

A0723.0048 Evalulltion of Spur Gear Rool Stress for Tl1in Rimmed Gear, by Sorin Canal/Gil. aml 197 Tiwmi Zegh/o/ll

A0714.0713 lnfluence ofFriction on Gear Dynnmics, hy Paulo B. Fernandes, José Dias Rodrigues, 199 Jorge Seabra. and Joaquim S. Domingues

A0725.0731 The States of Oil Film Formation and Ball tvlotion in Ball Screw with Retainers, by 30J Akira Nakajinw. and Toshifumi Mawalori

A0726.0718 Measurement of Film Thic1:ncss and Presstlre Distribulion in Rough EHL Contacts, by 303 B.R. H6/1Il, K. Michaelis, and O. Kreil

A0727.07 10 Non-Newtonian lllld Thermal EHD Analysis of a Trnnsmission Gear Oil (SAE 305 HOW90), by Armando Campos. Ale..:wndrc SOf{omayor, and Jorge Seabra

A0728.0728 InOuence ofGrease Composition on Rol1ing Contact Wear (RCW), by Vitor Mofa, ond 307 LI/is A. Fel'r(!ira

A0729.0716 Some Aspects of Oil Lubricant Additivation with ZnO Nanoparticles, by Amolin 309 HernDl1de:. J.E. Femandez Rico, Ricardo TI/e flo,.l. AlcllllleI Cuelos, and Rogelio Chol/

A0730.0724 Analysis and Discussion of Models for Non ConformaI Contacling Cylinders, b)' 311 Cândida Pereira, AmUca/- Ramalho, and Jorge Ambrósio

A073 1.0037 A Three-Field Nonconforming Multidomains Slrmegy for Cantacl Problems, bJ' José 3 J3 A. Rodrigues

A0732.U730 Modelling and Simulmion af Wear in Mechanical Systems, b)' Paulo Flores, J.c. 315 Pime/lla Clam, Jorge Ambn)sio, Qlld Hamid M. Lonkara/li

A0733.()0 1 How lhe Re1easing Mamem af Conical StceJ Couplings is lnfluenccd hy lhe Combined 317 Eflect of Adhesive and lnterfercnce, by Dario Croccolo, alid Rossano Cuppini

A0734.0719 Efficiency of Door and Seat Cables: influence of MateriaIs and Operaling Canditions, 319 by JosJ Mendes, Pedro Lopes, LI/is Magali/eles, alld Jorge Seabra

A0 735 .070g Thermnl Bchaviour and Performance Characteristic5 of a Twin Axial Groove Joumal 311 Bcaring as a Function of Applied Load and Rotalional Spced, by F.P, Brito, .J. BOllyer, M. FiIlon. ond A.S. Miranda

A0736,0076 An Improved Mcthod for the Numerical Inlegration of lhe Dynamic Equilihrium 313 Equation ofa Squeeze Film Air Bearing Supponed Mcmber, by Eduardo M. Almas, F. Pina da Silva, clI1d Nuno M. "'/aia

A0737.0703 Experimental Analysis on Hydrostatic Compcnsation in Spherical Benrings. by Nicola 325 Belfiare, F. /al7/1iella, F. MoreI/i, M. Presta, M. Scacc.:ia. alld L. COI/sorti

1'\0738.0725 Bchuvior of ivlineml Base Oils \Vith PTFE Nanapartic1es, bJ' J.E. Fernimde'Z Rico, J. 317 k!illflndo, R. Tucllo , anel D. Garcia Cllervo

A0739.0045 The Effect of Shear Rate on Apparent Viscosity for Different Pulp Suspensions, by 319 Alvaro Vaz, R. Simões, anel J Si/l:v

A0740.0731 From a Roller Bearing Concept [o a Snow Avalanche Proteclion Cell. by FCl'Ilando 331 Pina da Sih'a

A0741.0720 Analytical Techniques to ContraI Uscd Biodegradable Lubricants, by A. kfarcaidc, A. 333 Amai:, J. Barriga, E. tlrull:abe. A. /garfua. aliei fi. Buck

1\0742.0715 Analysis ofLubricating Grcases by Ferrography, by Bcatri= Graça, Armando Campus. 335 and .Jorge Seabra

1\0743.0719 Condition Monitoring of Biodcgradable Oils and Grcases for LlIbricated Machinery 337 Maintenance, by .-lirar Amai:. Eneku Gorrirxategi, Eduardo Gi/abert. Mike Burl'O\\'s, and Tom Claylon

A0744.0053 Wear Resistence of Dilfercnt Mntrixes Uscd fllr Abrasives, b)' 1. Abe/lojar, R. 339 Ca/abrés. S Gu:man. F. flt?lasco, M.A, Martinez, and J.1. Mendoza

xi" Edirors: J.F. Silva Gomes & SlIoker A. Meguid

5th fl/ternaliollal ConferCI/Cê 011 Mcchanics and Matcrials iII Design

A0745.0052 Sllldy ofNatural Slate Adhesian to Be Used as Coatings in Fucades, bJ' M.A. . lI,[arline;:;, 341 F. VelClsco, B. Ramos, andA. Sas/rc

CHAP VIII COMPOSITEAND FUNCTIONALLY GRADCD MATERlALS lN DESIGN 343

A080 1.08 17 Crccp of High-Tcmpcrature Composites: Experimcnting and Modelling, by Sergei T. 345 lI-lilciJw (flll'Íled Keynote Paper)

AOS02.0HO I Effcct of Boundnry Candilions on Optimal Compositc Luminales Under Non-Unifonn 347 Buclding Loads, by Adali Sarp, and f=:zet U. Cagdas

AOS03.0R08 Analysis af Staric Deformatial1s and Natural Frequcnc ics af Bcnms and Plalcs by <ln 349 RBF-Pseudospectral rvleihocl, bJ' ;ll1t611;0 J.A". Ferreira. ond G.E. Fasshauer

A0804.0S J O A Graphical User Interface for the FastComp Software, by Patricia Gonçalves, João 351 Tal'llrcs, and Pedro Call1anho

A0805.0039 Failure Mechanisms in Nanocomposites by Extendecl Finite Element (X-FErvI) 353 Simulution. by Vesselin Stoilol', and Sioll1ok Tavoo~járd

A0806.08 16 The Use of N ano-Reinforced Interfaces in Condition Monitoring of Aerospace 355 Composites. hy Slwker A. Megl.lid, tlnd Y. 5111/

AOl)07.0818 Dynamic Behaviour af Alumina Matrix Composite MateriaIs, by A. l':'halifa, E. 357 Barbem, P. MirClI1;;o, al1d Cor/os NavQrro (/nvited Papcr)

A0808.0S21 Comparison of Two Numerical Solutions for Determination of lnterlnminar and 359 Circt!mfcrenLial Stn:sses in a Composite Curved Bemn, by .. ~rvnso Lei/e, (1l1d João Travosso.\'

A0809.0819 Applicatioll of Composites Materiais in Macpherson Strut Suspension, bJ' Sergio 361 Santos, and Arlindo Silva

AOS 1 0.08 12 Cutout Reinforcements for Shear Loacled Composite Paneis, hy ShinjuJl GIIO, L. Zlw!I, 363 alld C. li'. Cheu/1g

AOS 11.082U Discrele Laycr Finitc Elernem Modc1ing of Anisotropic Laminated Shells Based on a 365 Refincd Semi-Inverse Mixed Displacement Ficld Farmulation, by C. kf. A. Vasques, and.l. Dias Rodrigues

A0812.0S05 Composites Drilling Simulation, hy Luís Durão, Marcelo Moura, and Amónio T. 367 A!farques

A0813.0807 Compression Properties of Fibrou5 Prefomls for Composite App1ications, by Raul 369 FOllgucirn, R. Araújo, Nal'CCJl Padaki, R. Alagirllsamy, and B.L. DeopurG

A0814.0806 Comparison ofTool EfTects on Hybrid Laminntes After Drilling, by Luis Durão, João 371 Tal1arcs, António T. Marques, António M. Baptista, Amónio G. Magalhães, and C.A.H. Dharan

AOS15.0071 Bending Stiffness af Alurninium FOilm Profiles, by Tomista\' Filetin, and Gojko Marié 373

A0816.0078 Effective Elastic Properties ofSemi-Crystalline Polymers, by O. Gllegucn. S. Ahzi, A. 375 Makradi, and S. Be/oliel/a,.

AOSl7.0086 Fracture Toughncss in Hollow Glass Micro-Sphcres Filled Composites, by C. CC/pela, 377 J.D. Costa, al1dJ.A.M. Ferrcira

A0818.0062 Low Velocity lmpact Fnilure of Aluminium Honeycomb Sandwicb Paneis, h)' Foo 379 C/won Chiallg, Seah Lcong KecJ', ilnd CJll1i Gill Boa)'

A0819.0064 Numcrical and Experimental Estimation af thc Defect Depth in Carbon-Epoxy 38! Laminates, bJ' Ana M. Amoro, and José S. Cirne

A0820.0802 Delaminations Effect 011 Bending Behaviour in Carbon-Epoxy Composites, by Ana M. 383 A.maro, Paulo N.E. Reis, and Marcelo Moura

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PorrulPorlUgal, 24-26 JU{I' 2006

A0821.0803 Oumuge Evolution in Engineering Compos ile Mttteriuls Uncler Stress and 385 Environrncntal Anaclc: Mode lling lhe Failure Processes, by Hideki Sekine. and Pc/er W.R. Beaumont

A0822.0813 Single CrystaJline Oxide Fibres Obtn ined by the lniernal Crystullisation Mcthod, by 387 A.A. Kalchin, Sergei T. Mileiko, V.M. Kiiko, V.N. KlIl'lo1'. A.L. Tols/un, and A.A SereblJ'akov

A0823.0f: 14 Oxide Fibres ror Smart Composites, b.I' I'.N. Kllrlol', A.A. Kolchill, V M Kiiko, s,z. 389 S/mll/ra/.:, S.A. SlIIil'l101'o, cmd Sergci T. Mileiko

A0824.0815 Churucterization af the Faligue Bchaviar o r Elastomer Composites, by ZOlloll Majo/', 39 1 Z. Kovacevic. M. Cosir. A. Mesec, D/ld R. W. Lang

A0825.0809 Composite Materiais Re inforced By Waste Fibers, hy Maria Gmça Gomes. Raúl 393 FOl/guciro. Gabriela JlIbim, and C. Gonilho Pereira

AOS26.0811 Oevelopme!ll and lnvestigalion or Aluminum Matrix Boron-Containing Compositcs, 395 hy I'ikto/' N. G1/lbil/, Vladimir A. POPOll. clIId Nina N. Stcpareva

CHAP IX BIOMECHANICS ANO BIOMATERIALS lN DESIGN 397

A0901.09 11 Asscssrnent of Femoral Hip Cernem Mantle Stra ins Using Bragg Sensors, by A. 399 Ramos. I. AI,,,. M. W. Schiller, P. Lopes, R. Noglleira. J.L. Pillfo. and 1. Simões

A09m.U901 Nurncrical ond Experimental Analysis of Femaral Stern Migratian, hy R. Rodrigucs. 4UJ Paulo R. FerlUJ/ldes, J. Folgado. and José A. Simões

A0903.09 10 Finite Element Anal ysis of a Novel DiSlal Tibial Slern ror Revision Total Knce 403 ArJl roplasty, by A. Completo. F. Fonseca, and J.A. Simões

A0904.0908 A Prototypc Systcm ror Acquisition and Analysis of the 3D Mand ibular Movcment, by 405 lsa Santos. João Tavares. Joaquim Melldes, and Manuel Palllo

A0905.0907 Efrects o r Temperature on rvlechanical Properties or Composite Dental Rcstoruti ve 407 Material. by Ami/car Ramalho, P. V. A IlfIlIH!S. and M.D. Carl'all/O

A0906.0123 Slress Analysis in Removab le Dctltures by Hologrnphy, Ph otoelasticity and Extensometry, by 1. C. Reis Campos. A. Correia. alld Mário A.P. Va; (fllvited Papc/1

A0907.0912 Mcasurcment af Orlhodolllic Forces and Tooth Displacemcnt Usi ng Fibre Bragg Grnling Sensors, by M. S. Milczeswki, 1. C. C. Silva. J.A. Simões, A. S. Paremo. and H. .J lCalinoll'ski

409

A0908.0902 A Hierarchical Model for Bone Adaptalion, by P.G. Coelho, Pau/o R. Fernandes, J.B. 413 Cardoso. J.M. Guedes e /-I.c. Rodriglles

A0909.0905 Numerical Assessment of Mechaniclll Properti es or Corti cal Bone Under Fast Rate 4 15 Oynamic LOllds, b.1' Fer/lando Fé:.,.cira, Francisco M. Melo. Mário A. Vaz, alld Josci A. Simões

A09 10.0906 Thc Thaw Time of Frazen Canccllolls Bone for Mechanical Testing, by Cláudia 417 Nabais. RI/i M. Guedes. and José A. Simões

A0911.0904 Mechan ic al Properties af Tendos/Ligaments Using the Neo-Hookean l'I'iaterial Model, 419 by Pedro Martim. Relia/o N. Jorge. alld Amónio 1. Ferreira

A09 12.0903 Experimental Measuremcnts of the Lumbar Spinc Kincmatics and Stiffness, b.v Lltllka 42l JiI'k01 'á, ZdclJ(!k Hurák. Radek Sedlciéek, Perl' Tiell.l;, 0/1(1 JiN Michalec

A09J3.0909 Compurison of Thin-S hcll and Thick-Wall Theori es in Estimlltion ar Anc:urysll1 423 Rupture, by G.R. Zendellblldi

A09 14.00 1O Analysis or Finar Suitability lo Overcome Deficient Accessibility, b)' Ludmilu COl'rêa 425 e Silva. Manllela S. Garrido, al/d Franco G Dedilli

Editors: J.F. Silva Gomes & Shakcr A. Meg/lid

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CHAP X ENGINEERED & TECHNOLOGICAL MATERIALS lN DESIGN 427

A I 00 1.000R The Centrifugai Effecl Ovcr Mechanical Propenies 00 Aluminium Castings. by George 429 Chirila, /. Stefanesc/I, D. Cru::, D. Soares, a/ld Filipe S. Silva

A 1002.0804 Development ar Continuous Belt Furnace for the Production af Metal Foams 431 Components, Dr Isabel DI/ar/e, Manuel Vide, AI1/ónio J. Ferreira, John BanhO/'/, Ql1d Mário SOllloS

A I 003.1 004 Progress ive Dynul11ic Collapse af Foam Filled Colurnos, by A-fohammad S. Atrio, olld 433 Shaka A. Meguid

A1 004.0009 Selective Laser Melting af High Aspect Ratio 3D Nicke l - Tilanium Structurcs Two 435 Way Trained for MEMs Applications, by Adam C/are. P.R. Chalker, S. Davies. C..l. Sutcl(ífc. a/Jd S. Tsupallos

AI005. 00:n Effect of Some Technological Facto!'s on Low Cyc!e Fatigue Strength of Titanium 437 Alloys, by Henrikas Medekshas

A 1006.0041 Microslructure FClltmes ofFailurc and Mechanical Properties ofUltra Fine Grained Ti- 439 6AI-4V EU AlIoy at 300-4.2 K. hy Elena Tabaclll1 ikova. Vladimir Bcngu.I'. Alck.sey Podol.l'k~\ ·, Sergci Smi/'ll()l'. Mikhai/ Bidy!o. g omeI Csach. Josef Mishif, LiZI'Q Sairova. Irina P Semenol'a. ClIld RlIslan Z. Valiev (lllvired Paper)

A I 007.0020 Study of Mechanical Properties of Ultrafinc Grained HSLA and Ti-IF Steels. hJ' Janus; 441 Mafta. Kr:;ys;/c?( M/l.dm, and MUllika SteJanska-Kad::iela

AIOOS.OOI2 Structural Evalualion of Direct Laser Sinlered M3/2 HSS Powdcr, lly Luís EsperTO, 443 Isabel Mar/ills. Resina Domingues e Mário Somos

A I 009.0030 Laser Surface Remelting and Post-TIlernml Trealment of lhe Duplcx Stainlcss Stecls, 445 by Alex Nascimento. }.,faria C/ara Ierardi. Maria Aparecida Pinto. ond Sérgio Tavares

A I O I 0.1 003 Jvlcasurement Mcthods of Strain Induccd Martensitic Evolution in Austenitic Foils, hy 447 Jel'::y Koleta, and Bartlomiej Fossa

A I 011.0035 Elcctrical Pcrformancc af Non-Conventional Electrode MateriaIs, hy Amónio 449 Rodrigues. Juse Dias Gomes. L!lÍs Esperto. Isabel Godinho. Mário Santos. and Méia /.,,/artins

A1012.0069 ln Situ Observation of Derormution Modes and Quantilative Assessment of 451 MicrolNano Mechanical Properties, by Lukas Rohr, O//{I Johal7l1 Michler (Inviled Paper,)

AIO 13.0085 Microstructurc Design Using Slatistical Correlatian Functions. hy li. Garmcsllmi 453

A I 014.0051 Damage Nuc\eation and Lifetimc Estimation: Microstructural AspeC15, by Valeri Lepa\! o/J[I Valelllill Alylllol'

A1015.0054 Modelling or Gratn Growth in Nano-Polyc'1'stallinc Materiais. by Tumas:: Wejr:=anowski, ond Kr::J ·s:IOJ 1. f(ur::ydIOl\'ski

A 1 O 16.0079 ModelJing and Simu!:llion of Deformation Sehaviour and Texlure Evalution in HCP Materiais: Design of Processing Paths for Titanium and Magnes ium, by S. Ahzi. S ArGuil, OIld H. Garmestani

A I O 17.0003 Fracture Resistnnce af Bi-Material Interfaces: A Hybrid Finite Element Approach. by Marco Alfono. Franco Furgillele. Alessanclro Leonardi. ond Carmim? Ma/eua

AI018.0038 Microstructure Evolution af AISi Nano-Compositc Under Sbear Load, by Vcsselin Stoi/ov

A 101 9.0083 GF/PP Towpregs Produclion, Testillg and Processing, by 1.F. Silva. 1.P. NIJ/les, P. Vieira, and A.T. Marques

A I 020.1 DOI TI1e Et'fect of 8inder Lnyer on the Magnetostriction of the Magnetostrictive Composilc, by YOlIgpillg Won. Zheng Zhong. and .Jinhao Qiu

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PorlO/Pur/lIgol, 24-26 JII~I' 10()6

A102 1.0082 Fracture Toughness of Space Sh uttle Insulntion Foam, b), Alui S. Gonparye, alld 469 Vikram K. }\;lIra (IIII'ited Papel)

A I022.0040 Nanostructured Silica-Based Glass for Engineered Photonic ProdUCls, by Carlos 47 1 SII=uki, Juliww Sumos, Rodrigo TOI1 U1Zi, Edmilloll GI/.I'ken, Qnd Ed1lardo Ono

A 1023 .0067 Mechanical Properties ofCo,ning Partic leboards and Composite Materia is Obtained by 473 Continuous Stiffness MeaslIrement Indenlation Technique, by 1t4ol1l1c:1 Fallle

A 1024.0004 Mechanica l and Microstructurnl Characterization of Ceria-Yuria Stabi lizcd Zirconia. 475 by Marco Atfal/o, Leonardo Pagno[{a, Giovanni StigliollO, Giovanni Giro/uum, ond Catc/"Íl1a BIos"

A I 025.0027 Mechanical Behaviour of e lay Structura l Ceramics Containing Solid WasICS. by 477 Regilla MOllteiro, M. Margarida Lima, alld Sandra Alves

A I 026.003 I A Criticai Revi ew of Soi l lmprovement by Impac! Loud. by JvIm/.I·ou/' POl"vi: i 479

A I 027.0032 So i! Dynamic SLrcss Measuremcnt: Earth Pressurc Ccll, hy /IofonsOlw Porl'Í:i 48 1

A 1028.0025 A Comparative Study on Grab and Slripe Mcthods la Assess Fabric Breaking Strcngth, 4H3 hy R.A..L. Miguel, J.M. LI/cm, ML. C(ln'ul/m, M.J. SOIl/OS Si/m, !1lld tI.M. MOllich

A I 029.0091 Eng,incering Design of lhe Therma! Properti cs in Smart and Adn ptive Knitting 485 Slructures . by Mari" Jusé Geralde.\", Luhos He.\", Mário de Araújo, Mario NIIII(!,~, and Nuno Befil/o

A I 030. I 005 Design Epoxy Resins Based Compasiles for Rapid Taoling Applicatians, b)' Pedro /I. 487 Vasce)//celu.l", F. J(} rge U 110, Rui .J. Nela, alld Ricardo Paiva

CHAP XI C OMPUTATIO NAL MECHAN ICS lN DESIGN

A I I(JI .0060 Generic Road Veh icJ c /v1odel for Crashworthi llcss, II.!' Jorge Amhrósiu, Marta Carl."a/ho. N/mo RI/bel/, POli/O Jlerús;lI/o, alld Llli.ç SOIlsa

A I IO:! .(){)55 Sume Progress on Computalional Ana lysis of Drapes, ".I' K. I'.S=e, altd XH.Uu (IlIvitcd Paper)

A I J03 .0098 Modell ing lhe lntcraction Effects af lhe High-Specd Train-Track-Bridge $ystem Using AD INA, by Com/altra Riglldro, Carlos Rebelo. emd Luis Sill1(ks Sih'o

A 1104.000 I AiTcraft Structural Ana lysis \Vilh FEM Application, h)' AO/nor Abdc.I"selam

A I 105.0021 Limit Eq uiJibrium ofGround Lnaded Musses. A General PC Progmm for the Factor af Safet)' by Rigid-Pl ustic Methods. bJ'.Itilio B. Martil/S

A I H16. 11 03 Modelling Fatigue Crack Propagmion ln CT Spec imen, hy R. Branco, F. V. Alltulles, R. Marl;lls

AI I07 .{)212 Nonline:J.r Fini lc Elemenl Annlysis of Thin-Walled Ln min3.led Beams Accauming Warping, bJ' N/II/O Bencdito, Aniba/ Valido, and João BCII"rodas Cardoso

A 1108.0099 Analysis of Thin Cylindric Long Covers Subject lo Circurnferential Exterior Load by Transfer- Matrix Method. f,y MillOcla SIIc:iU, Lil';u SI/cill, Gheorghe Palloin, Gavril Bale, Mjhai Tripa, Luciu Ghio/tCüIl, Demida PQllI/e,l·clI. Am{m Popa, Mircca Dejan. Qlld AlIgustin Crc /u

A l 109.0100 Slress Analysis af Long Reclangle Pintes Subjecl lO a Trapezoidal Load Using Trunsrer-Matrix, by Mi/wcla Suci/l, Li\';/1 Sue/ti. Gfleorghe P0I1Oiu, Gal'l·jf Bale. Millai Tripa. Lucia Ghiol/f.!ill1, Dallida PaUl/e.'cll. Amoll Popa, l'dil'eca Bcjon, uf/d AlIgtwin Crelll

AI I 10.006 1 A Mixed Formulation $olution in The Stress Analysis ofCurved Pipes with Tangenl Temlinantiolls Under ln-Plane FOices, bJ' L/liça Madllreira, ol1d FmI/cisco M. Melo (IlIviwd Papcr)

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A! 1 1 1.0072 Numerical Studies of :m and Plate Prohlcms Using a Ncw Mesh less Method, hy Jorge 511 Belil/lw, lIIni Lúcio M.J.S Dinis

A1112 .0002 Stress and Limit Angular Velocil ies in a Rotatin g Elastic-Plaslic Annular Disk witb 513 Varillble Thickness, b.l' Nelli Alcxalldrova. {llld Paulo Vila Real

AI I 13.0034 Incremental Sheet Forming Process Modelling Limitation Analysis, by /vleclis Poh/ak. SI5 Júri Majllk, fll1d Rcin f{iitll1cr

AII14.00 14 A Fasl AIgoritbm for Modelling a Couplcd Fluid flow and Heal Transfer in 517 ROlomoulding, b.l' AlIlonlanakiev

Al1 15 .Q056 End Forming Operations 01' Thin-Walled Tub~s Using aDie: Expansion. Reduction 519 ancllnversion, by B.?P. GVI/I'e/lI. M.L. Alves, P.A.R. Rosa, ol1d P.A.F. Martins

AII16.()(J77 A Thermal !ntegratcd Model for EDM Based on Lhe .1oule Effect, hyJ. Mara/uIla. lInd 521 H,Bral1Cjllinho

AI J 17.0013 Comparison Between Time-lndependent FE-Simulation and MeasuremenLs for Two 523 Types of Rubber, bJ' Christian Feichter, lo!tan Major. ond R. W. Lallg

A 1118.1101 NCl11linear Analysis of Service Stresses in Rein!'oreed Concrete Scctiolls Using Closed 525 Form Solutions, hy A1.HF.M Borro.\'. aml R.A.F. Mar/iII.\' (1l1vired Papel)

A111 9.1104 A Parametric Study on Lhe 2nd Order 8elmvior uml Carrying Capacity of 3D 527 Asymmctric Stee! Frames. by M. T.E. César. RI/i C. Barros

CHAP XII TEACHING MECHANICS & MATERIALS lN OESIGN 529

A I ~()1.121 O Interdisciplinarity in Engineering Edueatioll, bJ' .José Couto Marques (1lIl'ifed l\eynure 531 Papel)

A 1202.1 ~03 A, Didactic J cst Frame for Struclural Mechanics, by .José Cowo Marq/les, Carlu.\' 533 lI1(m:ira da Sih'u, Raimundo DelgaJo. ond /L'faria Teresa Restivo

A 1203.1 ~U4 nn Adv::mcements in Ellgineering Educulion: A Canudian Perspective, h)' M.A. 535 Elbe.nall'i (1l1l'ired Paper)

A 1104.0050 ICTs in Remote Assessment, by Mario Te/'es a Reslil'o, Maria Fótima ChOlcal, Celil/a 537 Pinto Leão. Fi/oll/eno O. Soa/'e.I·, Ligia 1CLreiro, Jose Crei.l'sac Campos, and CrJ.\'Qr Analide

A 1205.1206 Remote Monitoring of Civ il Engillecring StnJctures - Ongoing and Future 539 Comributions of LESE, hy António ArMe. Aníbal Costa. Maria Teresa ResIivo, Joaquim MeIJdes, Luís Noites, PaI/lo jt.,lar/ins, and Amónio Costa

A 1106.120 I A Novel Approach to Educmiunal Engineering Projecl<;, bJ' A. Barbcdo Magalhães 541 (lnviled Keynvlc Paper)

A 1207.0049 E-Teaching Labs, bJ' Maria Teresa Re.l'til·o, Mal'ia Fciúll/(J ChDII=al. F(!rI/al1do Gomes 543 Almcída, .Joaquim A1e.ndes. undAnlônio Mendes Lopes

A 12OfW096 NTU's Aerospace Degret! ProgTilI1l: A Multitude of Highly Crcative Ideas & New 545 Concepts, by Shaker A. MC!:,'1lid (lnvited Paper)

A!209.0U81 Software ToaIs to Suppor! Teaching af Sigllal Processing and Filtering in a Course 547 abotlt Mcnsllfement Systems. hy M. C. Gameiro da Sifllo

A 1210.1207 Remate Thermography ofa Heat Pipe Demo Bench, by Antônio M. Cardoso. Joaquim 549 Mendes. Qlld José M. Martill.\' Ferreira

A! 211.1208 Remate and Virtual Laborntories for Engineering Educution, h)' 1.E. Vil/ate (Inl'iled 551 f{e.l'lJote Papel:)

COIl1CII1S xix

Porfo/Porwgal, 24-26 Ju/r 2006

A 1212.1205 A Michelson lnterfcromelcr for [1 Virtual Labor.1.tory, by D.D. Tei.:r:eira. F.J.L. Pereira, 553 J.F.B. Carvalho, S.M.S. Leilü(), R.A.G. Bencatel. J.E. Villate. A,taria T. Restiv(). M.F. Chollzal, and F.G. Almeida

A1213.0090 Machine E!ements Demonstrator for lhe Prac[icn l Tcaching ofMnchine Theory, byJ.L. 555 MWlo:: Sanz, P. La/allt Morgado, P. Leal rvma. J. Ec!uÍl'arl'j Otcro, L. Valdivieso Blanco,.J.M. MWlCJ::-GuijoSQ, alld H. LurCJI: o

A 1214.1209 E-Teaching Mcchanical Material Chnracteristics, by Moda Teresa Restil'o, Joaqllim 557 Mendes. An/onio Mendes Lope.f, Cados Moreira da Si/m, Ricardo Mugalhâes, Gnd Maria de Fatima C/lCJllzal

A 1215.1202 Enhancement of TCílching About Mcasuremcnt Systems in a Gradllnlion COllrse a f 559 Mcchanical Engineering. by M C. Gameiro da Silva

Authors lndcx 561

xx Editors: J.F. Silva Gomes & Shake,. A. ft,'/eguid

"

5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICS AND MATERIALS lN DESIGN

Faculty a f Engineerillg, University a rparia POrto, Portugal

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J.N. Rcddy Mechan ical Engineering Depanment.. Texas A&M Univcrsity

Texas, United Slates of America

Paulo A.F. Martins Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Li sboa

Li sboa, Portugal

Klaus Michaelis Gear Rescarch Ccntcr (FZG), Technical University of Munich

Munich. Gcrmany

SI13 ltcr A. Meguid University ofToronto.Toronlo, Canada

Nanyang Technological University. Nanyang, Singapore

Fernando P. Fonseca Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior

Covilhã, POI1u gal

Mohamed A. Elbcstawi McMaster Manufacturing Research InslitUle (MMRl)

Hami hon, Dntario, Cannda

COllferel/ce Co·Clwirs & EdilOrs

J .F. SiI\'D Gomes Faculty of Engineering

University of Porto, Portugal

S lmli.cr A. Meguid Nanyang T . Univ., Sillgapore & University ofToronto, Canada

24-26 July 2006

Por/o/Por/ugal. 24-26 July 1006

Safe design is a design process that eliminates hazords, or mmltTIlzes potential risks, by invo!ving decision makers and considering the life cycle af structures and materiais. Safe design approach wil1 genemte a \vell-informed design option that should eliminate these potenHa! problems to those \Vho makes lhe product and to those who use it.

Structura\ and materia l safely in design will cave r the design aspects af safe slructures, using steel, concrete, timber and composite material elemems. Accidental conditions should be carefully understood and considered according to the safety stondards and regulations. Advances in stalldards and regulations should permanentJy ensure safety with the best praclices and methods. Advanced analysis methods should be pennanently improved and used lo prevent such potential risk in slructures Jlld materiaIs. Designers should guarantee stl1.lclural integrity and prevent structural damage.

The papcrs presented in this Symposium wi lJ address ditTerenl aspecLS in structural and material safety in designo

Paulo G. Piloto IIISlitll[(l Politéc/lico de Bragança, POl'tIIgal

238 Editors: J.F. Silva Gomes & Shak!.!r A. Mf!g/lid

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5,h llllcrnatiOlla! Confcrence 0/1 Mechanic.l" and .~/aferia!s i/7 Design

REr: :\0601.060 1

UL TIMATE LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING OF PARTIALL Y ENCASED STEEL BEAMS

r.A.C. Piloto1', L.M.R. i\'h!squita l

, nnei Ana Ramos Cuvihín1

IPo!ytechnic lnstitute Bragança, Dep. Applied McdHlnics Bragança, Portugal ' Ulli vcrsilY ofSalamanca, Dep. ofMcchanics, Zamora, Spain Emai l: (·/ppilnlo@ ipb.pt

SYNOPSIS

Partial1y encased beams are composed struchlral elements widely used for industrial buildings with increasing slgnificance. Composite beams may be designed for service load conditiol1s without the col!aborative cantributian af slabs. Instability problems may aceur because concrete may not have tbe age to resist and also beeause the concrete may slip oveI' steel, crack or crush. Lateral torsional buckling is an instability limit state that may oceur in these situations.

This papel' presents a material and geometric l10n linear tinite element model for the desigll af lateral torsianal buekling resistance of partially eneased steel beam without encasernent reinforcements. The steel part ar the eamposed sectian will be modelled by shell, eoncrete by three. dimensional solids and the bond contaet with nOl1 linear spring finite elements. Failure af conerete will also be predicted when the beam is subjeeted to a constant bending moment.

[NTRODUCTlON

Steel beams with partial encasement represents a composite section with twa different materiaIs) \Vith distinct meehanical properties and mechanical behaviaur, sec figure L

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(li) Composed cross section mode!. (h) Beam load mode\.

Fig. 1 - Partia! cncased stee! beam with concrcle.

Slabs may not transmit the stabilizing effect to prevent lateral tarsianal buckling (LTB). Also, eonc.reling the steel beam within 7 ar 8 days provides less torsional stiffness than after 28 days (Boissonade et ai, 2004). This instability phenomenon is respansible for a simultaneous lateral displacement and cross-section rotation. This means that bending around the minor axis and torsion ahout the longitudinal axis of the element are involved.

This work intends to be the preliminary phase af a full-scale test program in (ire conditions, complemented with numerical research and intends to deal \Vith the interaction between concrete 3nd steel, tinding failure af concrete that may ocem during instability. Non linear

Chapf2/" VI: SIri/c/lira! cmd MateriaIs Safezl' iII Dcsign 239

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PorlOlPorwgol. 14·]6 J'I~r 1006

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Ilumerica! results of unrestrained partially encased steel beams in fire conditions \ViII be presenLed for lhe uniform bending londing c<Ise, see figure I. Non linear geomeu'ical and material stalic analysis will address this ultimate Ji mit state.

RESULTS

The real behaviour 01' sL'ec l partia II)' encased steel beams is significantly different from lhe ideal. Buclding develops since the ver)' beginning af the landing by equilibriulll divergence. The ultimate LTB moment resistance corresponds to the maximum load bearing capacity, heing the nao-dimensional slenderness the g<J"erning parameter. The larger slenderncs5 of a beal11 corresponds to a smaller ultimute LT8 rt::si stance.

.. , ... -~ ·- - .. ----~:. ~I ·l

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a) L(Jngi tudinal strcsses for Ihc composite bcam. b) Partial failurc of concrctc e1emcnls. Fig. 2 - Results for lhe ultimarc limit Slale.

figure 2 rcpresents the ulLimate limit state for lhe partially encased beam, represcnting stress lield 011 both materiais and the part ial failure mode af cOllcrete, produced by cracking.

CONCLUSIONS

Partial1y encased steel bcams presellts grater Oexural and torsional resistance when compared to similar steel rolled beam. Load bearing capacity \ViII be presented for {his type of composite beam, for differenl beaJ11 lengths, compared to the simple design ca\culation melhod presenled in Euroeade (CEN, 2004-2005),

REFERENCES

Boissonade, N,; Jaspart, J.P.; Maquoi, R.; "Development ar a general model for lateral torsional buckling check in lhe erectian phase. Applkation to partially encased beams, incJuding lhe reslraining effeci af mera I sheeting"; University af Liege, Depanment M&S; .1uly 2004. CEN, "EN 199 1-1-1, Euroeode 2: Design oreonerele struelures - Parl I-I: Geaeral rules and rules for buildings", December 2004. CEN, "EN 1994- I - I "Euroeode 4, Design Df Composite Sleel and Concreto Slmelures - Pari 1-1 : General rules and rules for buildings"; December 2004. CEN, "EN 1993 - I - I "Eu fOcO de 3, Design of sleel struelllres - ParI I-I: General rules and rufes for buildings"; May 2005.

240 Ediwrs: J.F Sill'o Gomc.\' & S/wk"I' A. Mcgllid