MECHANICAL ASPECTS IN POLYMER PRODUCTION

BY P.PRIYANKA (13131A0390)P.SANTAN (13131A0391) P.GOPI TEJESH (13131A0387)

LGPI, Visakhapatnam

SM :SABIC – S.Arabia .Shell- S’pore

Cargo Ship transport to Vizag

Berth at Vizag Port

EIPL Visakhapatnam

Transport through tankers

Ship to EIPL = 5 KM EIPL to LGPI = 14 KM

Main. Raw material (SM) – Logistics flow chart

)

Sailing Time :– S.Arabia :. 10 ~15 days S’ pore : 5 ~ 7 days

3 / 5

LGPI PRODUCTS• General Purpose Polystyrene• High Impact Polystyrene• Expandable Polystyrene

GPPS(GENERAL PURPOSE POLYSTYRENE)

StyreneLiquid paraffin Feed preparation Feed solution Chemicals Feed solution Polymersisation Polymer (input) (output) Polymer Extrusion Strands

Strands Pelletisation Pellets

CHARACTERSTICS :

Transparent thermoplastic with good mechanical and heat resistance properties

Excellent processability with optimum time

Good mold release characterstics

APPLICATIONS(GPPS)

Food containersRefrigerator componentsAudio cassettes &compact disc cases Louvers

HIPS(HIGH IMPACT POLYSTYRENE)

Styrene Solvent rubber Lubricant Feed preparation Feed solutionChemicals Feed solution Polymerisation Polymer (output) Polymer Extrusion StrandsStrands Palletisation PelletsPellets Product making Lot

CHARACTERSTICS

Opaque thermoplastic with good mechanical propertiesExcellent for injection moulding and extrusion applications Easy processability Good surface finish for food grade applications

APPLICATIONS

Washing machine front panel protector Vacuum cleaner housingAir conditioning housing ,refrigeration liningToys ,ball pen barrelUmbrella handlesDisposable cups,containers for food &dairy packing Trays ,cups ,thin wall containers TV front and back cabinets

EPS (EXPANDABLE POLYSTYRENE)

StyreneDm waterPentane polymerisation EPS slurryInitiators chemicals Acid free slurry Acidification EPS EPS beads Coating coatedEPSCoated EPS beads Packing 25KGEPS

CHARACTERSTICS

Light weight ,rigid cellular plastic polymerised in spherical shaped beads with dia of 0.4~1.8mm and classified into grades for respective applications

Available both in general purpose grade and self –extinguishing grade Light weight ,insulation,cost effective constriction Mechanical strength ,impact resistance Weather ability that is widely employed for cushioning packages ,boxes

for agricultural &fishery products ,insulation boardsLow moisture absorption rate ,low thermal conductivityExcellent fire and corrosion resistance Non –toxicity ,uniform quality

Environment and safety department

Material safety data sheetsHealth and safety policies and company actsSafety committee members and their dutiesPersonal protective equipment systemSafety promotional activitiesPrecautions for vessel entryClasses of fires and fire extinguishing techniquesOnsite emergency plan

PUMPS

PUMPS

• A hydraulic pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS : pumps are basically classified into two types1.Non positive displacement pump2.Positive displacement pump

NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

• In this the flow in not constant but varies with the pressure. As the output flow decreases the system pressure increases.

• They are mainly used for low pressure applications like transportation of liquids from one place to other

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP• In this type of pumps the

output flow is constant independent on pressure of the system.

• They are basically designed for high pressure applications like hydraulic fluid power application

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by conversion of rotational kinematic energy into hydrodynamic energy.

• The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to rotating axis and is accelerated by impeller flowing radially outward into a diffuser

GEAR PUMP

• Gear pumps are mainly used to pump high viscous fluids.

• They are positive displacement pumps means they pump a constant amount of fluid for each revolution.

• When the two gears rotate they create a suction or void which is filled by the fluid. The fluid is carried by the gears to the discharge side due to the meshing o

Quality Assurance Department

Plastics Tensile Testing { Test standard : ASTM D-638 }

ASTM D-638 tensile test procedure:

• Specimens are placed in the grips of the universal tester at a

specified grip separation and pulled until failure.

• For ASTM D 638 the test speed is determined by the material

specification

• Extensometer is used to determine elongation and tensile

modulus.

SIZE TYPE 1Full length, l3 165

Parallel length,l2 57

Gauge length,l1 50

Parallel section width, b1

13

Thickness , h 7mm or less

Grip section width, b2

19

Distance between grips

115

Specimen

Flexural Strength test { Test standard : ASTM D-790}

3 point bending test jig kit of plastic specimen

Flexure test measures the force required to bend a beam under

three point loading conditions.

Specimen sizeSpecimen size for ASTM is3.2mm x 12.7mm x125mm

Test procedure• Specimen lies on support span and the load is applied to the centre at a

specified rate

• The parameters for this test are the support span, speed of loading and

the maximum deflection for the test. These parameters are based on the

test specimen thickness and are defined by ASTM.

• For ASTM D790, the test is stopped when the specimen reaches 5%

deflection or specimen breaks before 5%.

Impact Strength { Test standard : ASTM D-256}

• Notched Izod impact is single point test that measures a material resistance to impact from

a swinging pendulum.

• Izod impact is defined as the kinetic energy needed to initiate fracture and continue the

fracture until the specimen is broken.

• Izod specimens are notched to prevent deformation of the specimen upon impact.

Specimen sizeThe standard specimen for ASTM 64 x 12.7 x 3.2 mm specimen thickness 3.2mm

Test procedure• Specimen is clamped into the pendulum impact test fixture

with notched edge facing the striking edge of pendulum.

• Pendulum is released and allowed to strike through the

specimen.

Melt flow rate ASTM D1238

Melt flow rate measures the rate of extrusion of thermoplastics through an orifice at a

prescribed temperature and load.

Test procedure• Load 7 grams of pre heated material into barrel of melt flow

apparatus

• A specified weight for material is applied to a plunger

• Molten material is forced through the die.

• A timed extrudate is collected and weighed.

• Melt flow rate values are calculated in g/10 min

Gloss Analyzer {Test standard : ASTM D-2457}

Specular gloss is a measure of light reflected by the surface of a material.

Test procedure• Gloss measurements are always referenced against a standard, and the

angle of reflection(200 600 800) must be specified.

• Glossmeter is set to proper angle, calibrated , the checked with standard

supplied with meter.

• The meter is then placed on the test sample and a reading is taken

Thank you