Mechanical Analysis of Activity

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EXSC 662 - Mechanical Analysis of Activity Brigham o!ng "niversity

Chapter 1 - ObjectivesExamine how to describe a body's positionDefine how to determine the number of independent quantities (ca ed

degrees of freedom ! necessary to describe a point or a body in spaceDefine how to measure and ca cu ate chan"es in inear position

( displacement ! and the time derivatives ve ocity and acce eration#Describe how to present the resu ts of a $inematic ana ysisExp ain how to direct y measure position% ve ocity % and acce eration by

usin" motion capture systems or transducers

DE&C )* O+ O, )O& * O+#s a r!nner 6$ m from the start or %$ m from the finish&'ine !( on the 2$ y) line*

+hat is the (osition of my ,nee&

. y. /. 0 . 0y. an) 0/Ho1 many camera vie1s are nee)e) to o tain . y )ata&Ho1 many camera vie1s are nee)e) to o tain . y. / )ata&Ho1 many (oints are nee)e) to o tain 0 . 0y. an) 0/&

Cali ration

*wo-DimensionaScaling 3o)

s 4 act!al length 5m 7 )igiti/e) length 5(i els 4 s! 4 sv

hanical Analysis of Activity http://biomechanics.byu.edu/exsc662(hunter)/notes.html

6 29-Apr-14 11:59 PM



Practice 1ith 8artfish

+E. / +E0.* C&8istance9:he length of a c!rve or line8is(lacement9 Change of (osition 5Straight-line )istance from start to finish:ime 8erivatives

S(ee)9 8istance 7 :ime

;elocity9 8is(lacement 7 :ime Acceleration9 ;elocity 7 :ime

) O EC* E 0O* O+

A Projectile is any o)y that has een set on its (ath y some force an) contin!es in motion y its o1n inertia* 5<ravity has a major effect on motion *

E am(les of Projectiles incl!)e9 Arro1 . Bas,et all . Shot(!t . H!man Bo)y .:igers

'et=s egin sim(ly 1ith (!rely vertical motion

No1 let=s a)) hori/ontal motion

Hori/ontal an) vertical com(onents are in)e(en)ent

E>!ations of motion for (rojectiles

Characteristics of (rojectiles

8emonstration on 1hat ha((ens as initial con)itions are altere)

Another (rojectile cartoon

Practice ?!estion9#nitial ;elocity of Projectile

; 4 2$ m7sat 2@ )egreesfrom a height of m

light :ime 4 &Ma im!m Height 4 &Hori/ontal 8is(lacement 4 &

Shot P!t E am(le

0E*2OD& ,O 0E.&3 +4 .+D E&* 0.* +4 5OD6 &E40E+*). .0E*E &

Ca)aver st!)ies


6 29-Apr-14 11:59 PM



Mathematical mo)elingScanning an) imaging techni>!es

inematic st!)ies Segment mass 4 massD 5total massSegment center of mass 4 (ro imal lengthD 5)istal - (ro imal

cm 4 (ro imal lengthD 5 )istal - (ro imal y cm 4 y (ro imal lengthD 5y )istal - y (ro imal

Calc!lating center of mass in a (erson Practice calc!lating the center of mass in this sit!ation Moment of #nertia Sta ility Center of mass 1hile air orne

.+43 . 0O* O+ Fnline Boo, cha(ters G an)

D EC* +E. * .+&,O 0.* O+ A (roce)!re for generating three-)imensional )ata from m!lti(let1o-)imensional images*

or camera I. 1e can o tain t1o e>!ations relating to the three-)imensional o ject s(ace*

:he '=s re(resent camera constants 58': (arameters * #n or)er to fin) o!tthe val!es for the camera constants. 1e m!st have at least II !ni>!ee>!ations* #f 1e film eno!gh (oints in the o ject s(ace from at least t1o


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!ni>!e camera vie1s. 1e can accom(lish this*:y(ically. at least t1o cameras are !se) 1ith at least G Jcontrol (ointsJ inthe fiel) of vie1*

7hat is the minimum number of cameras and contro pointsto so ve the 11 camera constants8

7hat is the benefit to usin" additiona contro points andcamera views8

Fnce the camera constants are solve). other o jects in the o ject s(ace can e filme) an) three-)imensional coor)inates 5 . y. / can e )etermine)*

7hat is the minimum number of cameras to so ve for x% y%and 98

7hat is the benefit to usin" additiona camera views8

Objectives: Cameras and opticsDemonstrate an understandin" of ( an) ho1 they interact 1ith eachother

8e(th of fiel)E (os!re timeSh!tter s(ee)

rame rate A(ert!re

-sto(8emonstrate an !n)erstan)ing of ho1 vi)eo information is store)8emonstrate ho1 to a)j!st the a ove characteristics on ty(ical )igital vi)eocameras

)hoto"rammetry iel) of ;ie1 E (os!re :ime

rame 3ateoc!s

8e(th of iel) A(ert!ref-sto(

ocal 'ength


6 29-Apr-14 11:59 PM



Stan)ar) Photogra(hic A(ert!res. E (os!re :imes. an) ilm S(ee)s

APEX val!e

$ I 2 K % 6 @ G I$

A(ert!re5f-sto(

I I*% 2 2*G % *6 G II I6 22 K2

E (os!retime 5s

I I72 I7% I7G I7I I7K$ I76$ I7I2 I72 $ I7 $$ I7I$$$

ilmS(ee)5#SF or ASA

K 6 I2 2 $ I$$ 2$$ %$$ G$$ I6$$ K2$$

APEX stan)s for the A))itive Photogra(hic E (os!re System* Each increase in APEX val!e in)icates a )ecrease in the light level y one-half*Each faster film s(ee) re>!ires half the amo!nt of light that the (revio!ss(ee) nee)e) for (ro(er e (os!re*

Demonstrations

Motion Bl!riel) of ;ie1 an) A(ert!re

5inary Data$$$$$$$$ 4 $ $$$$$$$I 4 I $$$$$$I$ 4 2 $$$$$$II 4 K $$$$$I$$ 4 %$$$$$I$I 4 IIIIIIII 4 2-Photosho( E am(le of 3<B )ata6%$ %G$


6 29-Apr-14 11:59 PM



BYU Biomechanics

8ata rate of 2 M (s 4 K*I2 MB7sI frame of vi)eo 4 @2$ %G$ 4 K% .6$$ (i elsK$ frames of vi)eo (er secon)6$ fiel)s of vi)eo (er secon):his 1o!l) e K% .6$$ (i els 5G ytes K colors K$ frames 4 2%GM (s 4KI MB7s

H8 I$G$iI 2$ [email protected]$$ (i els 5G ytes K colors K$ frames 4 I% 2* M (s 4 IG6*6MB7s

"ltra H8 %K2$(

@6G$ %K2$KK.I@@.6$$ (i els 5G ytes K colors 6$ frames 4 %@@@ *@ M (s 4 @I* @MB7s

S8 Car)sClass 2 - 2 MB7sClass % - % MB7sClass 6 - 6 MB7sClass I$ - I$ MB7s

&) E.D&2EE*&Ball )ro(<iant s1ing:e t fileS!rvey Cali ration


Mechanical Analysis of Activity

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