Mechanical

15060 -1 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15060 HVAC PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying pipe, pipe fittings and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

All piping work to conform to the latest edition of the appropriate ANSI Code for Pressure Piping and Power Piping, and ANSI/ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping, including latest amendments.

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Design piping, fittings and accessories to be suitable for the pressure and temperatures of the service.

Ascertain system working pressure and provide piping accordingly, based on the systems to be tested at 150 percent of maximum system working pressure.

2. The design drawings shall reflect pipe locations where there is sufficient space to properly support all

pipes, including allowances for insulation and pipeline accessories. 3. Piping shall be designed, in general, to run perpendicular and/or parallel to floors and walls. Where

practical, piping and valves shall be grouped so as to avoid reducing headroom. 4. Provide proper provision for expansion and contraction in all portions of pipework, to prevent undue

strains on piping or apparatus connected therewith. 5. Submit calculations that tabulate each system’s pressure requirements. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Submit manufacturer’s data for pipe and fittings for each piping system. E. QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. Installer company specializing in piping systems with ten (10) years minimum experience. 2. Conform to ANSI B31.1.0 and applicable portions of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The

welders should be certified under the rules of the National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau and qualified by either the National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau or an independent testing laboratory. Welder should be certified under ASME procedures for welds on boilers and pressure vessels. Copies of the welder’s certificates should be made available to the Owner, Architect or Engineer upon request.

F. INSTALLATION OF PIPING 1. Provide and erect in a workmanlike manner, according to the best practices of the trade, all piping

shown on the drawings or required to complete the installation intended by these specifications.


2. Install piping tight to slabs, beams, joists, columns, walls and other permanent elements of the building. Provide space to permit insulation applications, with 1” clearance outside the insulation. Allow sufficient space above removable ceiling panels to allow for panel removal.

3. Locate groups of pipes parallel to each other, spaced to permit applying full insulation and servicing

of valves. All valves and piping specialties must be accessible when all of the trades have completed their work.

4. All piping shall be run perpendicular and/or parallel to floors and interior walls. Piping and valves

shall be grouped neatly and shall be run so as to avoid reducing headroom. 5. All valves, controls and accessories concealed in furred spaces and requiring access for operation and

maintenance shall be arranged to assure the use of a minimum number of access doors. 6. Closely plan and coordinate concealed piping and ductwork above suspended ceilings to avoid

interferences, and install to maintain suspended ceiling heights shown on architectural drawings. 7. All piping connections to coils and equipment shall be made with offsets provided with screwed or

welded bolted flanges so arranged that the equipment can be serviced or removed without dismantling the piping.

8. Cap all openings in pipes during progress of the work. Temporarily cover the open ends of all pipes

not actively being installed and at the end of each work day to prohibit the influx of foreign materials. 9. Reductions in pipe size made with eccentric reducers shall have the tops level for water piping and

bottoms level for steam piping. 10. Piping shall be concealed wherever possible. Piping shall be installed so that same can be drained of

all water. 11. Use fittings for all changes in direction, at all branch connections, terminations, and for change in pipe

size. 12. Remake leaking joints using new materials. 13. No piping or work of any kind shall be concealed or covered until all required tests have been

satisfactorily completed.


H. PIPE JOINTS 1. Threaded Joints a. Thread pipe with tapered pipe threads in accordance with ANSI B2.1. Ream threaded ends

to remove burrs. Apply pipe joint sealant (Rectorseal No. 5) or Teflon tape suitable for the service for which the pipe is intended on the male threads at each joint. Teflon tape shall not be used for oil services.

2. Welded Joints a. Weld pipe joints in accordance with ASME Code for “Power Piping,” B31.1. b. Whenever welded piping connects to equipment valves or other units needing maintenance,

servicing, or possible removal, flange the connecting joints. Match the pressure rating of the pipe flanges with the pressure rating of the flanges on the equipment to which the piping connects. Provide flanged pipe sections to permit removal of equipment components.

c. Welding Process: Sizes 4 inch and smaller, use either gas welding (oxyacetylene process) or metallic arc process; sizes above 4 inch, use metallic arc process.

d. Beveling and Welding: All pipe 2½ inches and larger may be purchased mill beveled or shall be machine beveled on both ends before welding. On odd lengths of pipe, beveling may be accomplished by means of the oxyacetylene cutting torch provided all paint, rust, scale and oxide are carefully removed with hammer, chisel or file and bevel left smooth and clean. Joints shall be prepared and welded to assure thorough fusion of alignment and the production of a joint that shall develop the full strength of the pipe and that shall be leakproof in service.

e. Welding Rods: The welding rod used for welding steel and wrought iron shall be approved welding rod in accordance with ASTM Spec. A233. Electrodes of Classifications E6012, E6013, E7014 and E7024 shall not be used.

f. Repair of Welds and Weld Defects 1) A weld is considered defective and shall be repaired if it does not meet the

acceptance standard of each applicable non-destructive examination as defined ASME/ANSI B31.9.

2) Repairs shall be made in accordance with ASME/ANSI B31.9. 3. Brazed Joints: For copper tube and fitting joints, braze joints in accordance with the AWS “Soldering

Manual”, the Contractor’s tested Procedure Qualification Record, ANSI B31.1 – Standard Code for Pressure Piping, “Power Piping”, ANSI B9.1 – Standard Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.

4. Soldered Joints: For copper tube and fitting joints, solder joints in accordance with the AWS

“Soldering Manual” and “The Copper Handbook.” Thoroughly clean tube surface and inside surface of the cup of the fittings, using very fine emery cloth, prior to making soldered joints. Wipe tube and fittings clean and apply flux. Flux shall not be used as the sole means for cleaning tube and fitting surfaces.

G. MATERIALS FOR PIPING AND FITTINGS

Service Material Schedule

Chilled Water Schedule 40 CS-1Hot Water Black Steel

OrHot/Chilled Water Type 'L' Copper CU-1Condenser Water (for pipe sizes 4" andProcess Cooling smaller)Condensate DrainageSteam Schedule 40 CS-2

Black SteelCondensate Return and Schedule 80 CS-3Pumped Condensate Black SteelFuel Oil Transportation Schedule 40 CS-4Vent and Fill Galvanized SteelRefrigerant Type 'ACR' Copper CU-2Compressed Air Copper CU-1(Controls) Hard (Exposed Areas)

Soft (Concealed Areas)Diesel Engine Exhaust Steel CS-3Underground High and Schedule 40 UGP-1Low Pressure Steam Black SteelUnderground Condensate Schedule 80 UGP-2Return Black SteelUnderground Chilled Schedule 40 UGP-3Water and Heating Black SteelHot Water

15060-3 HVAC Pipe and Pipe Fittings12-15-03

CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-1

Service Chilled WaterHot WaterHot/Chilled WaterCondenser WaterProcess Chilled Water

Design Criteria -Up to 2-1/2 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2 ft wg per 100 ft of pipe -3 inch to 6 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2.5 ft wg per 100 ft of pipe -8 inch & larger Maximum velocity of 8 ft per secondWater Capacity Guideline Pipe Size (Inch) Water Flow (GPM)Schedule 3/4 3

1 61-1/4 121-1/2 18

2 362-1/2 55

3 1004 2105 3756 6008 1250

10 195012 2800

Piping -Material Carbon Steel -Schedule 40 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Seamless Grade A or BFittings -Size/Material 2 inches & under 2-1/2 inches & over

Malleable iron Butt weld or flanged -ANSI Press. Class 150 150 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B16.1, B16.3, B16.4, B16.5 & B16.9 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A234, A105Unions -Size 2 inches & under -Material Malleable -ANSI Press. Class 150 -Std. ANSI B16.39 -Type Ground joint



Nipples -Material Carbon steel -Schedule 80 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 -Type Shoulder (no close nipples)Piping Connections -2 inches & under Screwed -2-1/2 inches & over Butt weld (flanged at equipment)Pipe Flanges -Material Carbon steel -Type Weld-neck or slip-on -ANSI Press. Class 150 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A181Pipe Sealant -Type U.L. listed thread pipe sealant 561R

John Crane heavy duty industrial gradePipe Flange Gaskets -Type Ring gaskets -ANSI Press. Class 150 -Thickness, in. 1/16 -Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Stock 3000 Blue-GardFlange Bolts & Nuts -Material Carbon steel -ASTM Mat. Spec. A307 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2 HEXManufacturer Bonney Forge & Tool Works, Grinnell, Walworth,

Crane, Tube Turn, or equalRemarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B2. "Compact" or short material field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.3. "Weld-O-Lets" may be used in lieu of welding tees if the branch pipe is at least two sizes smaller than the main.



Service Low and High Pressure SteamDesign Criteria -Steam (15 psig and less) 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook Chapter 35 Pipe Sizing - Table 16

Pipe Size Pressure DropBelow 4" 1/8 psi per 100 ft. of length4" and larger 1/4 psi per 100 ft. of length

Table 17 (no limitations) -Steam (greater than 15 psig) Maximum velocity of 1,000 fpm per inch of pipe

diameter. Velocity not to exceed 9,000 fpm. Do not use pipe size smaller than 1 inch.

Piping -Material Carbon steel -Schedule 40 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Seamless Grade A or BFittings -Size/Material 2 inches & under 2-1/2 inches & over

Malleable iron Butt weld or flanged -ANSI Press. Class 250 300 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B16.1, B16.3, B16.4, B16.5 & B16.9 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A234, A105Unions -Size 2 inches & under -Material Malleable iron -ANSI Press. Class 250 -Std. ANSI B16.39 -Type Ground jointNipples -Material Carbon steel -Schedule 80 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Grade A or B -Type Shoulder (no close nipples)Piping Connections2 inches & under(Low pressure only less than Screwed 15 PSIG) -2 inches & under Socket weld -2-1/2 inches & over Flanged or welded



Pipe Flanges -Material Carbon steel -Type Weld-Neck or Slip-On -ANSI Press. Class 300 (steam pressure above 15 psig) -ANSI Press. Class 150 (steam pressure 15 psig and below) -ASTM Mat. Spec. A181Pipe Sealant -Type U.L. listed thread pipe sealant 561R

John Crane heavy duty industrial gradePipe Flange Gaskets -Type Ring gaskets -ANSI Press. Class 300 (steam pressure above 15 psig) -ANSI Press. Class 150 (steam pressure 15 psig and below) -Thickness, in. 1/16 -Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Style ST-706Flange Bolts & Nuts -Material Carbon steel (high temp.) -ASTM Mat. Spec. A325 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2Manufacturer Bonney Forge & Tool Works, Grinnell, Walworth,

Crane, Tube Turn, or equalRemarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.2. "Compact" or short-material field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.3. "Weld-O-Lets" may be used in lieu of welding tees if the branch pipe is at least two sizes smaller than the main.



Service Condensate returnDiesel engine exhaust

Design Criteria For low pressure see 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook Chapter 35 Pipe SizingTable 18High pressurePumped condensate return shall be sized according to Water Capacity Schedule in Piping Schedule CS-1

Piping -Material Carbon steel -Schedule 80 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Seamless Grade A or BFittings -Size/Material 2 inches & under/Cast iron

2-1/2 inches & over/Butt-weld or flanged -ANSI Press. Class 300 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B16.1, B16.3, B16.4, B16.5 & 16.9 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A105, A234Unions -Material Malleable iron -Press. Rating 300 -Std. ANSI B16.39 -Type Ground jointNipples -Material Carbon steel -Schedule 80 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 Grade A or B -Type Extra heavy shoulder (no close nipples)Piping Connections -2 Inches and Under Screwed(Low pressure only less than 15 PSIG) -2 inches & under Socket-Weld -2-1/2 inches & over Flanged or weldedPipe Sealant -Type U.L. listed thread pipe sealant 561R

John Crane heavy duty industrial gradePipe Flanges -Material Carbon steel -Type Weld-Neck or Slip-On -ANSI Press. Class 300 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A181


CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-3Pipe Flange Gaskets -Type Ring gaskets -ANSI Press. Class 300 -Thickness, in. 1/16 -Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Style ST-706Flange Bolts & Nuts -Material Carbon steel -ASTM Mat. Spec. A307 Hex -ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2 HexManufacturer Bonney Forge & Tool Works, Grinnell, Walworth,

Crane, Tube TurnRemarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.2. "Compact" or short-material field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.3. "Weld-O-Lets" may be used in lieu of welding tees if the branch pipe is at least two sizes smaller than the main.


GALVANIZED CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-4

Service Fuel oil transportation, vent & fillDesign Criteria Apply best design practicesPiping -Material Galvanized carbon steel -Schedule 40 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A120Fittings -Size/Material 2 inches & under 2-1/2 inches & over

Galvanized GalvanizedMalleable iron Flanged

-ANSI Press. Class 150 150 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B16.1, B16.3, B16.4, B16.5 & B16.9 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A234, A105Unions -Size 2 inches & under -Material Malleable iron -ANSI Press. Class 150 -Std. ANSI B16.39 -Type Ground jointNipples -Material Galvanized carbon steel -Schedule 80 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A120 -Type ShoulderPiping Connections -2 inches & under Screwed -2-1/2 inches & over FlangedPipe Sealant -Type U.L. listed thread pipe sealant 561R

John Crane heavy duty industrial gradePipe Flanges -Material Carbon steel -Type Galvanized companion -ANSI Press. Class 150 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A181Pipe Flange Gaskets -Type Ring gaskets -ANSI Press. Class 150 -Thickness, in. 1/16 -Mfr. & Model No. Garlock Stock 3000 Blue-GardFlange Bolts & Nuts -Material Galvanized carbon steel


GALVANIZED CARBON STEEL PIPING SCHEDULE CS-4 -ASTM Mat. Spec. A307 -ANSI Dim. Spec. B18.2 HEX

Manufacturer Bonney Forge & Tool Works, Grinnell, Walworth, Crane, Tube Turn, or equal

Remarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.2. "Compact" or short-material field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.3. "Weld-O-Lets" may be used in lieu of welding tees if the branch pipe is at least two sizes smaller than the main.


COPPER PIPING SCHEDULE CU-1

Service Chilled WaterHot WaterHot/Chilled WaterCondenser WaterProcess Chilled WaterCondensate DrainageCompressed Air (Controls)Limitation up to 4" pipe diameter

Design Criteria -Up to 2-1/2 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe -3 inch & 4 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2.5 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe -Hydronic Water Capacity Pipe Size (Inch) Water Flow (GPM) Guideline Schedule 3/4 2.5

1 51-1/4 91-1/2 15

2 312-1/2 55

3 954 200

-Condensate Drainage AC Tons Minimum Drain Size Capacity Schedule 0-20 1"

21-40 1-1/4"41-60 1-1/2"

61-100 2"101-250 3"

251 & larger 4"

Pipe size shall not be smaller than drain pan outlet. 3/4" diameter will be permitted on individual fan oil unit drains.

-Pneumatic Capacity Apply best design practices SchedulePiping -Material Hard temper copper -Schedule Type L -Std. ANSI/ASTM B88Fittings -Material Wrought copper -Press. Rating, PSIG N/A -Std. ANSI B16.22



Unions -Material Bronze -Press. Rating 125 -Std. ASTM B62 -Type Ground jointPiping Connections -2-1/2" & under Solder joints - 95%-5% Tin-Antimony -2-1/2" & over Solder joints - 95%-5% Tin-Antimony -Hot water -2-1/2 inches & over Brazed joints - silver solder (15%) -Equipment & valve connections -2 inches & under Screwed adapters soldered to cast bronze union, WOG

pattern, with ground joint at all non-flanged equipment -2-1/2 inches & over Flanged at valves & equipmentPipe Flange Gaskets Garlock Style ST-706Underground Piping Not permitted



Service RefrigerantDesign Criteria Apply best design practicesPiping -Material Hard temper copper -Schedule ACR -Std. ANSI/ASTM B88Fittings -Size 1-1/2 & under 2 thru 4 -Material Wrought copper Wrought copper -Std. ANSI B16.22 B16.22/B-75

C12200Unions -Material Bronze -Press. Rating 125 -Std. ASTM B62 -Type Ground jointPiping Connections -2-1/2 inches & under Solder joints - 95%-5% Tin-Antimony -2-1/2 inches & over Brazed joints - Silver solder (15%)Equipment & Valve Connections -2 inches & under Screwed adapters soldered to cast bronze union, WOG

pattern, with ground joint at all non-flanged equipment -2-1/2 inches & over Flanged at valves & equipmentRemarks1. Back purge refrigerant tubing with nitrogen during brazing operations.


UNDERGROUND PIPING SCHEDULE UGP-1

Service Underground high pressure steam (greater than 15 psi)Underground low pressure steam (less than 15 psi)

Design Criteria -Steam (less than 15 psi) Maximum velocity of 1,000 fpm per inch of pipe

diameter. Velocity not to exceed 6,000 fpm. Do not use pipe sizes smaller than 2 inches.

-Steam (greater than 15 psi) Maximum velocity of 1,000 fpm per inch of pipe diameter. Velocity not to exceed 9,000 fpm. Do

not use pipe sizes smaller than 2 inches.Piping System Double-wall pre-insulated piping systemCarrier Pipe -Material Black carbon steel -Schedule 40 (hydronic applications), 80 (steam and condensate) -ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 seamless, grade A or B -Joints WeldedJacket Pipe -Material HDPE -Schedule 1/4" -ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. - -Joints Welded -Coating Fiberglass reinforced urethane elastomer coatingInsulation -Material Fiberglass Manufacturers Perma-Pipe, RovancoRemarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.2. Compact or short-material, field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.3. Direct burial piping systems shall be set in a sand bed, minimum 12" around the pipe.



Service Underground condensate returnDesign Criteria Maximum velocity of 600 fpm. Do not use pipe

size smaller than 1-1/2 inches.Piping System Double-wall pre-insulated piping systemCarrier Pipe -Material Black carbon steel -Schedule 80 -ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 seamless, grade A or B -Joints Welded -Fittings Extra heavyJacket Pipe -Material Black carbon steel -Schedule Minimum 10 gauge -ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. - -Joints Welded -Coating Fiberglass reinforced urethane elastomer coatingInsulation -Material Fiberglass Manufacturers Perma-Pipe, RovancoRemarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.2. Compact or short-material, field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.



Service Underground chilled waterUnderground hot water heating

Design Criteria -Up to 2-1/2 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe -3 inch to 6 inch Maximum pressure drop of 2.5 ft. wg per 100 ft. of pipe -8 inch & larger Maximum velocity of 8 ft. per secondPiping System Double-wall pre-insulated piping systemCarrier Pipe -Material Black carbon steel -Schedule 40 -ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. A53 seamless, grade A or B -Joints WeldedJacket Pipe -Material Black carbon steel -Schedule Minimum 10 gauge -ANSI/ASTM Mat. Spec. - -Joints Welded -Coating Fiberglass reinforced urethane elastomer coatingInsulation -Material Fiberglass Manufacturers Perma-Pipe, RovancoRemarks1. All steel pipe shall be seamless, Grade A or B.2. Compact or short-material, field fabricated fittings or fish mouths are not acceptable.


15090-1 Hangers and Supports 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15090 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR HVAC PIPING A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying pipe hangers, supports, guides, expansion joints, anchors and other accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS 1. Pipe hangers and supports should comply with the recommendation of Standards SP-58 and SP-69

of the Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valves and Fittings Industry. 2. The specifications should state that the Contractor should comply with the contractual relationships

recommended for the Engineer and the Contractor, as stated in Standard MSS SP-77 of the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry.

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Prior to beginning design, the Engineer should review building design and construction and design

suitable building attachment and pipe support and anchoring system, verifying that the existing building structure can support new piping loads.

2. The Engineer should include the following in piping designs: a. Pipe hanger details, including components, hanger spacing. b. Pipe hanger systems that account for thermal expansion of piping. c. Details of building attachments, including clarifying when support of piping from concrete

slab using expansion anchors is acceptable. d. For large piping or where the design otherwise impacts the integrity of the building structure,

indicate locations of all pipe hangers. e. Indicate locations and details of pipe anchors, guides and expansion joints or bends. 3. Large piping and equipment should be independently supported from building structure, not from roof

decks, etc. All piping should be directly supported from the building, not from other piping, ductwork or equipment.

4. The Engineer should review Contractor’s hanger support shop drawings and details to verify that

unacceptable pipe movement during all phases of operation of the system (start-up, sudden gpm changes, or shutdown) will not occur.

D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. The Engineer should submit the following to the University: a. Pipe expansion and stress calculations for hot pipes (120°F. and above), 6” and larger.

Show compliance with ANSI piping codes. 2. Provide shop drawings and product data for each pipe size and pipe service to include:


a. Type and model for all manufactured pipe support components, including building attachments, hangers, insulation saddles and shields, expansion joints, anchors.

b. Locations of anchors, expansion bends and joints. c. Locations of building attachments where deemed necessary by the Engineer. d. Details and supporting calculation of additional supports. E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Provide all necessary hangers and supports of approved design to keep piping in proper alignment and

prevent transmission of injurious thrusts and vibrations. In all cases where hangers, brackets, etc., are supported from concrete construction, care shall be taken not to weaken concrete or penetrate waterproofing.

2. Install hangers and supports to allow controlled thermal movement of piping systems, to permit

freedom of movement between pipe anchors, and to facilitate action of expansion joints, expansion loops, expansion bends, and similar units.

3. Load Distribution: Install hangers and supports so that piping live and dead loads and stresses from

movement will not be transmitted to connected equipment. 4. Do not hang piping from other: piping, ductwork conduits, or ceiling grids. 5. Piping subject to lateral or vertical movement should be provided with spring hanger type support. 6. Support horizontal piping in accordance with the following tables: HANGER SPACING AND ROD SIZES FOR STEEL PIPE

Nominal Pipe Size Rod Diameter Max. Spacing

1/2 inches 3/8 inch 5 feet 3/4 inches 3/8 inch 6 feet

1 inch and 1-1/4 inches 3/8 inch 7 feet 1-1/2 inches 1/2 inch 9 feet 2 inches and 3 inches 5/8 inch 10 feet 4 inches to 6 inches 3/4 inch 10 feet 8 inches 7/8 inch 10 feet* 10 inches and 12 inches 1 inch 10 feet*

16 inches and 20 inches 1 inch 10 feet* 24 inches and 30 inches 1-1/4 inches 10 feet*

*Maximum spacing can be extended on bare pipe and insulated hot pipes with saddles up to 16 feet.


HANGER SPACING AND ROD SIZES FOR COPPER PIPE

Nominal Pipe Size Rod Diameter Max. Spacing

1/2 and 3/4 inches 3/8 inch 5 feet 1 inch 3/8 inch 6 feet

1-1/4 inch 3/8 inch 6 feet 1-1/2 inches 1/2 inch 8 feet 2 inches 5/8 inch 8 feet 2-1/2 inches 5/8 inch 9 feet 3 inches 5/8 inch 10 feet 4 inches to 6 inches 3/4 inch 10 feet

7. Hangers for piping that lacks rigidity, such as “Whiteline” polypropylene pipe, shall be spaced as

recommended by the manufacturer (as a minimum) or preferably with a continuous support. Since the spacing is typically much closer than for other piping materials, the designer must pay close attention to the implications on his design.

F. HANGER INSTALLATION 1. Horizontal piping should be supported with adjustable clevis type hangers. Support all piping 2½

inches and smaller with clevis hangers, equal to MSS Type 1 and support cold lines 3” to 10” in size with clevis hangers equal to MSS Type 1 except as noted below.

2. Multiple sets of piping may be supported on trapeze hangers. Lightly loaded trapeze may use

channel support system. Other applications require heavy duty steel trapeze constructed of two (2) channels with threaded rods at each end. The channels and rods should be properly sized to support the weight of the pipes and fluid. Double nuts on the rods should be provided.

3. a. Vertical piping should be supported by heavy wrought iron or steel clamps securely

bolted or welded to the piping, and expansion bolted to the wall. b. Vertical piping for cold piping shall utilize pre-insulated riser clamps with inherent vapor

barriers. Alternatives will be considered for use by the University. c. In general, use one clamp for each two floors and one clamp at each floor for copper tubing.

Where pipes are in open shafts, provide forged steel bar brackets fixed to wall. 4. Clamping pipe 2½ inches and smaller on channel support systems on bare pipe. a. Use straps specifically designed for pipe material used and size to match outside diameter of

pipe or tubing. b. Insulated pipes without vapor barrier can be clamped to horizontal channel supports with

straps specifically designed to match outside diameter of insulated pipe and accommodate shield to be installed between insulated pipe and channel.

c. Use pipe insulated pipe supports similar to Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc., Series A, when clamping insulated pipe with vapor barrier.

d. Where piping is run above the floor, and is not hung from the ceiling construction or not supported from the floor, such piping shall be supported from the wall with channel support systems with hangers that cradle pipe. If clamping is required, it shall meet requirements as outlined herein before.

5. a. Hot water piping 3 inches and larger, and chilled water lines with straight runs longer than

150 feet should be supported on roller hangers, equal to MSS Type 41. Above 6” size,


also use MSS Type 41. For insulated pipe 8 inches and larger and uninsulated pipe 12 inches and larger, provide individual MSS Type 41 trapeze hangers.

b. Wherever hangers using pipe rolls are used, provide approved steel pipe protection saddles, spot welded to the piping at each hanger location. On cold piping, vapor barrier jackets to cover saddle. The void between the saddle and pipe should be filled with insulation in order to prevent sweating.

6. Provide approved roller support, floor stands, wall brackets, etc. for all lines running near the floor or

near walls, which can be properly supported or suspended by the floors or walls. Pipelines near walls may also be hung by hangers carried from approved wall brackets at a level higher than the pipe.

7. Piping subject to lateral or vertical movement should be provided with spring hanger type supports. G. PIPE SLOPES AND ADJUSTMENTS 1. Pipe Slopes: Install hangers and supports to provide indicated pipe slopes and so maximum pipe

deflections allowed by ASME B31.9, “Building Services Piping,” is not exceeded. 2. Adjust hangers to distribute loads evenly on attachments and to achieve indicated slope of pipe. 3. All hangers and supports shall be capable of screw adjustment after piping is erected with a locking

nut provided to prevent loss of adjustment due to pipe vibration. Hangers supporting piping expansion loops, bends and offsets shall be secured to the building structure in such a manner that horizontal adjustment perpendicular to the run of piping supported may be made to accommodate displacement due to expansion. All such hangers shall be finally adjusted, both in the vertical and horizontal direction, when the supported piping is hot.

H. HANGER PROTECTION 1. Hangers, rods, inserts and pipe rolls, exposed to weather, shall be hot-dipped galvanized or primed

steel; other hangers and supports shall be dipped in zinc chromate primer before installation. Underground hangers shall be painted with two (2) coats of black asphaltum paint.

I. SUPPORT INSTALLATION 1. All piping 8 inches and larger either carrying water or tested with water must be supported directly

from steel beams or by means of auxiliary steel furnished and installed by the HVAC Contractor. I-beam clamps should not be used as the clamp load may cause the I-beam flange to bend.

2. All other piping may be supported by inserts or beam clamps with sufficient holding capacity to

support twice the calculated dead load. The use of expansion bolts should be avoided in new construction.

3. Inserts a. Furnish, locate and set such inserts and make sure that such inserts are in place when the

concrete is poured. Construct inserts of malleable iron or pressed steel with space for rods of all sizes. They shall permit adjustment of bolt in one (1) horizontal direction and shall, when installed in properly cured concrete, develop full strength of bolt. Inserts shall be galvanized, approved equal to F&S Manufacturing Company, Type A, Fig. 180, Central Iron Mfg. Co. 100, 101, or Grinnell Fig. 281.


b. Set inserts in position in advance of concrete work. Provide reinforcement rod in concrete for inserts carrying pipe over 4 inches in diameter or ducts over 60 inches wide.

c. In areas where the concrete slab is exposed, inserts shall be installed flush with slab surface. 4. If any pipe is to be hung in a space where no inserts have been provided, drill holes in the slab

(subject to the Structural Consultant’s approval) and provide rods and hanger attached to an approved fishplate or install double expansion shields connected by a 2” x 2” angle, from which the hanger rod is to be suspended. For pipe size 2” inches and under, use single shields but the hanger spacing defined hereinbefore to be reduced to 5’-0”. The carrying capacity and size of each shield to be calculated on the basis of the spacing indicated above but the minimum size to be 3/8”. Shields may be used in concrete slabs only. Shield attachments to existing steel deck to be limited to loads of 500 lbs. Heavier loads to be supported by supplementary structural steel connected to structural beams. Provide all required supplementary steel.

5. Hangers may be directly attached to steel beams of building construction, where they occur, if

approved by Structural Engineer. Smaller pipes may be suspended from crosspieces of pipe or steel angles which, in turn, are to be securely fastened to building beams or hung from building concrete construction by means of rods and inserts. The intention is to provide supports which, in each case, will be amply strong and rigid for the load, but which will not weaken or unduly stress the building.

J. ANCHORS 1. Anchor piping where shown on Drawings and as required to localize expansion or to prevent undue

strain on piping and branches. Anchors to be entirely separate from hangers. All anchor designs to be submitted for approval and to include piping reactions which respective anchors are capable of supporting. Provide all indicated or required expansion loops.

K. SLEEVES 1. Provide pipe sleeves for all floor and wall penetrations. 2. Sleeves shall have an internal diameter of at least 1 inch larger than the outside pipe size diameter

including insulation of the pipe passing through them. Sleeves shall extend at least 1 inch above finish floor elevation. Similar to link-seal. Cast iron sleeves shall be set with ends flush with all faces.

3. Sleeves for all piping passing through concrete walls or floor slabs shall be 18 gauge galvanized iron.

Sleeves shall be set before concrete is poured and before masonry construction is finished. 4. Where pipes pass through sleeves in exterior walls, the space between piping and sleeves shall be

completely closed with approved oakum and sealed with mastic, extending at least one (1) inch into sleeve.

5. Where pipes pass through sleeves in foundation walls, a link-seal type waterproof sleeve shall be used

similar to link-seal sleeve Model CR. Sleeves shall be set with ends flush with all faces. 6. Sleeves in waterproofed floors shall be Jay R. Smith Fig. 1720 duco cast iron sleeve with integrally

cast flange and flashing device. For deeper floors use J.R. Smith Fig. No. 1721 or 1722. 7. Provide for exposed piping, both bare and covered, approved-type escutcheons where they pass

through wall, partition, floor or ceiling; on bare pipes, held in place by setscrews. Provide special


deep-type escutcheons for sleeves, hubs or fittings that project from wall, partition, floor or ceiling. Escutcheons in finished areas shall be chrome-plated.

8. Where pipes pass through construction required to have a fire-resistance rating, they shall be provided

with a fireproof system conforming to UL 1479 for the specific pipe material, pipe size, insulation and wall of floor material. Provide appropriate BSA number in shop drawing submittals.

L. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following: 1. Pipe Hangers, Inserts, Saddles, Beam Clamps: a. B-Line Systems, Inc. b. Carpenter & Patterson, Inc. c. Grinnell Corp. 2. Channel Support Systems: a. B-Line Systems, Inc. b. Grinnell Corp.; Power-Strut Unit c. Thomas & Betts Corp. d. Unistrut Corp. 3. Thermal-Hanger Shield Inserts: a. Carpenter & Patterson, Inc. b. Pipe Shields, Inc. c. Value Engineered Products, Inc. 4. Expansion Shield: a. Grinnell b. Hilti, Inc. c. Pipe Shields Inc. 5. Pre-Insulated Pipe Supports: a. Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc. 6. Pre-Insulated Riser Clamps: a. Shaw Pipe Shields, Inc. 7. Sleeves – Link Seal: a. Century Line Sleeve, Thunderline Corp.

15100-1 Valves for HVAC Piping 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15100 VALVES FOR HVAC PIPING A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying valves. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes general duty valves common to most HVAC piping systems; special duty valves are specified in individual piping system specifications.

B. STANDARDS 1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Compliance: Comply with ASME B31.9 for

building services piping and ASME B31.1 for power piping. 2. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS) Compliance:

Comply with the various MSS Standard Practices referenced. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Design Criteria a. The Consultant is to confirm the application, including temperature and pressure

requirements, of the specified valves to insure suitability of use in the specified systems. b. The design drawings shall include a riser and flow diagram and details of system specialties

for all HVAC systems. Collectively, the drawing elements should capture and illustrate all valve applications including: shut-off, balancing, bypass, control and direction flow control. Exception: drain valves can be noted on drawings.

D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Submit shop drawings complete with: all valves, including valve type, size, service, temperature and

pressure class, location, connections (screwed ends, flanged ends or brazing ends), brazing adapters, where required, valve identification tag, installation instructions and maintenance and operating instructions. Submit extension stems of suitable length on insulated piping.

E. VALVE QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. Valves and valve construction to be suitable for the pressure, temperature, and fluid quality of the

service in which they are to be used. 2. Each valve shall have the maker’s name or brand, the figure or list number and the guaranteed

working pressure cast on the body and cast or stamped on the bonnet, or shall be provided with other means of easy identification.

3. Minimum test pressure for all valves to be 1.5 times maximum system working pressure unless noted

otherwise. After piping systems have been tested and put into service, but before final adjusting and balancing, inspect valves for leaks. Adjust or replace packing to stop leaks; replace valves if leak persists.


4. Where manufacturer’s names and model numbers are listed, they are intended to represent the type and quality established for the project.

5. All valves, including gate valves, check valves, pressure reducers, backflow preventers, butterfly

valves, etc., shall be designed for a minimum working pressure of 125 psig to 150 psig range unless otherwise noted.

F. VALVE APPLICATION TYPES FOR HVAC SYSTEMS 1. Valves 2” size and smaller used for HVAC water shut-off shall be ball valve type (4” will be

permitted on 4” copper pipes). 2. Valves 2-1/2” size and larger used for HVAC water shut-off shall be gate or high performance

butterfly type. 3. Steam and condensate return shut-off valves shall be gate valve type for all sizes. 4. Valves 2” size and smaller used for hydronic bypass or for flow control shall be ball valve type.

Valves 2-½” and larger shall be high performance butterfly type. 5. Valves 4” size and larger used for controlling water flow at pumps and at equipment, and for bypass

control shall be lubricated plug type. 6. All bypass or flow control valves in steam piping shall be of the globe type. G. VALVE TYPES 1. Temperature and Pressure Classification a. Valve temperature and pressure classification indicated herein define minimum valve

requirements. Consultant is responsible to determine the pressure class and operating temperature and specify valves of a higher class when system requirements dictate.

2. Ball Valves a. Ball Valves, 4” and Smaller, Bronze Body, Rated for 150 psi SWP, 600 psi WOG Pressure:

Two-piece construction; with bronze body, regular port, B-16 chromeplated ball and stem, replaceable “Teflon” or “TFE” seats and seals, blowout-proof stem, vinyl covered steel handle, threaded or soldered ends and extended stem for insulated piping.

3. Drain Valve (Ball) a. Low Point and Equipment Drain Valves, ¾” Inlet Bronze Body Rated for 150 psi SWP, 400

psi WOG Pressure: Two-piece construction; with bronze body, regular port, B-16 chromeplated ball and stem, replaceable “Teflon” or “TFE” seats and seals, blowout-proof stem, vinyl covered steel handle. System end shall be thread or solder, opposite end shall be ¾” hose connection with brass cap.

4. Gate Valves a. Gate Valves, 2” and Smaller, Bronze Body Rated for 150 psi SWP, 300 psi WOG: Valve

shall be bronze throughout, except that handwheel shall be either malleable iron or


aluminum alloy and shall be of ventilated design. Valve shall have body, bonnet, solid wedge, stem, packing box with packing, follower gland, packing nut. Stem shall be cast or rolled bronze, threaded or soldered ends, repackable under pressure.

b. Gate Valves, 2½” and Larger, Cast Iron Body Rated for 125 psi SWP, 200 psi WOG: Valve shall be iron body, bronze mounted solid wedge, OS&Y rising stem, body with gate guide ribs, bolted bonnet, gate, yoke, packing box with packing, yoke cap and handwheel, all of iron and shall have renewable bronze seat rings, bronze gate rings, or all bronze gate, bronze bonnet bushing, either all bronze of iron and bronze follower with bolts, bronze yoke bushing and malleable iron, steel or bronze locknut.

5. Globe Valves a. Globe Valves, 2” and Smaller, Bronze Body Rated for 150 psi SWP, 300 psi WOG: Valve

shall be bronze throughout, except handwheel, plug and seat ring. Handwheel shall be malleable iron or aluminum alloy of ventilated design. Valve shall have body, union bonnet, stem packing box with packing, follower gland packing nut and plug locknut. Plug shall be 500 Brinell hardness stainless steel with wide steep seating surfaces. Seat ring shall be at least 500 Brinell hardness stainless steel and shall be easily replaceable. Valve shall have screwed ends. Stem shall be cast or rolled bronze.

b. Globe Valves, 2½” and Larger, Iron Body Rated for 125 psi SWP, 200 psi WOG: Valve 2 shall be an iron body bronze mounted OS&Y globe or angle valve body with belted yoke bonnet, packing box with packing, follower gland with bolts and a handwheel all of cast iron or malleable iron and shall have renewable bronze seat ring, bronze lower disc guide locknut and bronze yoke bushing.

6. Butterfly Valves a. High Performance Butterfly Valves, 2½” and Larger: MSS SP-67; ANSI Class 150 carbon

steel body conforming to ASTM A216, Type WCB. Provide lever operators with locks for sizes 2” through 6” and gear operators with position indicator for sizes 8” through 24”. Lug type, bi-directional valves with 316 stainless steel disc, 17-4 PH stainless steel shaft, filled (reinforced) TFE seats and TFE packing. Seat retainer ring to be bolted in place with stainless steel bolts.

b. Wafer type butterfly valves are not allowed. 7. Plug Valves a. Plug Valves 2½” and Larger, Iron Body Rated for 150 psi CWP: Valve shall be eccentric

acting, resilient plug facing, stainless steel bearings, nickel seat, flanged ends. Valves up to and including 3” shall be wrench operated, rated from 175 psi CWP; over 3” shall be worm gear operated, rated for 200 psi CWP. Valves shall be furnished with proper lubricant for service intended.

8. Check Valves a. Swing Check Valves 2” and Smaller Bronze Body: MSS SP-80, Class 150, rated for 150

psi SWP, 300 psi WOG, cast bronze body and cap conforming to ASTM B-62, with horizontal swing, Y-pattern, bronze disc, and having threaded or soldered ends. Provide valves capable of being reground while the valve remains in the line, with threaded end connections.

b. Swing Check Valve, 2½” and Larger, Cast Iron: MSS SP-71, Class 125, rated for 125 psi SWP, 200 psi WOG, cast iron body and cap, bronze (ASTM B-62) or bronze faced iron


disk trimmed, flanged ends. c. Spring Loaded Silent Check Valve, 2” and Smaller: MSS SP-61, bronze body, Class 150

rated for 150 psi SWP, 300 psi WOG, 18-8 stainless steel construction throughout including guard cage, spring, valve disc, retaining ring and seat.

d. Spring Loaded Silent Check Valve, 2½” and Larger: Iron body Class 125 rated for 125 psi SWP, 200 psi WOG, globe type, stainless steel spring, bronze seat and disc, flanged ends.

9. Flow Control Valves a. Combination Balancing/Flow Control Valves: ½ inch to 2 inch size shall be of bronze/brass

ball construction with glass and carbon filled TFE seat rings. Valves shall have differential pressure read-out ports across valve seat area. Read-out ports shall be fitted with internal EPT inserts and check valves. Valve bodies to have ¼” NPT tapped drain/purge port. Valves shall have memory stop feature allowing valve to be closed for service and then opened to setpoint without disturbing balance position. All valves to have calibrated nameplates to assure specific valve settings. Balancing valves shall not be used for positive shut-off.

b. Flow Control Valves 2½” and Larger shall have a separate balancing valve. Balancing valves shall not be used for positive shut-off. Flow control valves shall be factory calibrated, direct acting, automatic pressure compensating type. Each valve shall limit flow rates to within ±5 accuracy, regardless of system pressure fluctuations. Valve control mechanism shall consist of a tamper-proof brass or stainless steel cartridge assembly with open chambers and unobstructed flow passages. Cartridge assembly shall include a self-cleaning, spring-loaded moving cup guided at two separate points and shall utilize the full available differential pressure to actuate without hysteresis or binding. Differential pressure ranges shall be minimum 3 to 40 psig. Each valve to be provided with a metal tag, chain and stamped for system identification. Pressure taps and quick disconnect valves shall be provided with ferrous bodies. All hydronic system flow control valves shall be of one manufacturer. Flow control valves shall be of 250 psig design.

c. Furnish a minimum of two (2) portable flow measuring apparatus of each type required on the project, complete with carrying case, pressure gauge, 3-way valve, hoses and connections. Unit to be compatible with automatic flow control valves to indicate pressure differential to determine flow rate through the valve.

10. Safety Valves a. See Steam Specialties Section 15122. 11. Relief Valves a. See Hydronic Specialties Section 15121. 12. Triple Duty Valves a. NOT PERMITTED. H. VALVE IDENTIFICATION 1. Each valve in each piping system should be tagged with a brass or aluminum tag numbered

consecutively for each system and attached to the valve with a brass or aluminum chain. Valve tags should have stamped abbreviations of the system in addition to the valve number. The


Contractor should be asked to prepare a valve schedule listing each valve, system, location and purpose.

I. VALVE INSTALLATION 1. All valves shall be installed with the best workmanship and are to have neat appearance and be

arranged so that they are easily accessible. 2. Where insulation is indicated or specified, provide extended stems of suitable length to

accommodate the insulation. 3. Valves shall be installed and arranged to have a neat appearance. 4. Locate valves for easy access and provide separate support, where necessary. 5. Install valves in horizontal piping with stem at or above center of pipe. 6. Install valves in position to allow full stem movement. 7. Install chainwheel operators on valves 4-inch and larger and more than 96-inches above floor.

Extend chains to 60 inches above finished floor elevation. 8. Install check valves for proper direction of flow and as follows: a. Swing Check Valves: In horizontal position with hinge pin level. b. Dual-Plate Check Valves: In horizontal or vertical position, between flanges. c. Lift Check Valves: With stem upright and plumb. J. VALVE PLACEMENT GUIDELINES 1. Within each building there shall be a building valve to isolate the service to the building. 2. Isolation valves shall be provided at all pumps, tanks, reducing and automatic or mechanical flow

control devices, radiation, coils and heat exchangers, and at all other apparatus requiring partial drainage of the system for periodic maintenance or inspection. The isolation valves shall be so located as to permit removal and/or service of the isolated equipment without draining complete or substantial portions of the system. Except where flanged valves are used, each connection to equipment shall be made with screwed or flanged union on the equipment side of the valve.

3. Drain valves shall be provided on tanks, receivers, risers and where they may be required or

necessary, or directed for draining the lines and equipment. Drain valves or plug cocks shall be provided at the low points for proper drainage and, where required or directed, cocks and valves shall be provided with threaded ends for hose connections.

4. Check valves installed in the horizontal position shall be swing checks; valves installed in the vertical

position shall be silent checks, except that all check valves in pump discharges shall be silent checks. 5. Provide blow-off valves at all strainers. K. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Ball Valves (4” and Smaller):


a. Apollo 70-10X Series (70-20X Series for solder) b. Neles-Jamesbury 351 (341 solder) c. Watts B-6000 Series (B-6000 Series for solder) 2. Drain Valve (Ball): a. Apollo 3. Gate Valves: a. 2” and Smaller 1) Milwaukee 1169 2) Stockham B-124 b. 2½” and Larger 1) Milwaukee F-2885 2) Stockham G-623 3) Crane 465-1/2 4. Globe Valves: a. 2” and Smaller 1) Milwaukee 590T 2) Stockham B-22T 3) Crane 7TF b. 2½” and Larger 5. Butterfly Valves (High Performance): a. Jamesbury HP 815W b. Keystone K Lok 6. Plug Valves: a. 2½” and 3” 1) Rockwell 143 wrench-operated b. 4” and Larger 1) Rockwell 169 worm gear operated 7. Swing Check Valve: a. 2” and Smaller 1) Milwaukee 07 2) Stockham B-309/319


3) Crane T/S-433 b. 2½” and Larger 1) Milwaukee F-2974 2) Stockham F-931 3) Crane 373 8. Spring Check Valve: a. 2” and Smaller 1) Mueller 105M-BP b. 2½” and Larger 1) Mueller 105M-AP 9. Flow Control Valves: a. 2” and Smaller b. 2½” and Larger

15121-1 Hydronic Specialties and Piping Guidelines 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15121 HYDRONIC SPECIALTIES AND PIPING GUIDELINES A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying hydronic specialties and

piping guidelines. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS 1. ASME B31.9 “Building Services Piping” for materials, products, and installation. Safety valves

and pressure vessels shall bear the appropriate ASME label. 2. Comply with the applicable requirements of ASME, ANSI, U.L., ASTM and National Electric

Code. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. This section applies to piping systems for hot water heating, chilled water cooling, condenser

water, make-up water for these systems, condensate drain piping, or any other HVAC water and/or glycol piping system.

2. The designer shall calculate the size of the expansion tank and schedule it on the drawings. 3. The design documents shall include a flow diagram of the hydronic system indicating all major

components of the system, isolation and control valves, unions/flanges, pipe sizes, pressure and/or temperature relief devices, direction of flow, etc.

D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s latest published data indicating rating data, catalog cuts, model

numbers, dimensional information, and pressure drops. E. HYDRONIC SPECIALTIES 1. Manual Air Vent

a. Manual air vents shall be bronze body and nonferrous internal parts; 150 psig working pressure, 225°F. operating temperature; manually operated with screwdriver or thumbscrew; and having 1/8” discharge connection and ½” inlet connection.

2. Automatic Air Vent

a. Automatic air vents shall be cast iron body with stainless steel, brass, EPDM, and silicone rubber internal components, two-stage air relief, 150 psig maximum pressure, and 250°F. maximum temperature.

3. Expansion Tank


a. Diaphragm-type expansion tanks shall be constructed of welded carbon steel. Separate air charge from system water to maintain design expansion capacity, by means of a flexible diaphragm securely sealed into tank. Provide taps for pressure gauge and air charging fitting, and drain fitting. Support vertical tanks with steel legs or base; support horizontal tanks with steel saddles. Tank, with taps and supports, shall be constructed, tested, and labeled in accordance with ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1.

4. Air Separator

a. Air separator shall be welded black steel; ASME constructed and labeled for minimum 125 psig water working pressure and 350°F. operating temperature; perforated stainless steel air collector tube designed to direct released air into compression tank; tangential inlet and outlet connections; threaded blowdown connection; sized as required for full system flow capacity. Do not include strainers in air separators.

5. Relief Valves

a. Provide diaphragm operated safety relief valve, ASME labeled, for relieving pressure. Refer to Drawings for pressure rating of valve and relief setting. Discharge water to be through NPT connection.

b. Provide valve with a blowdown differential constructed of bronze or iron body. The valve seat and all moving parts exposed to fluid will be of non-ferrous material.

6. Suction Diffuser

a. Provide suction diffusers to consist of angle type body with straightening vanes and combination diffuser-strainer-orifice cylinder with 3/16” diameter openings. Provide a permanent magnet located within the flow stream and removable for cleaning. Equip the orifice cylinder with a start-up disposable fine mesh strainer. Design orifice cylinder to withstand pressure differential equal to pump shut-off head and a free area equal to five times cross section area of pump suction opening. Straightening vanes shall extend the full length of the orifice cylinder and be replaceable. Provide unit with adjustable support foot to carry weight of suction piping.

7. Backflow Preventer a. When using a double check valve, the connection should be screwed or flanged,

depending on the application. The main valve body should be of either epoxy-coated cast iron or bronze composition. The valve seat should be of either bronze or celcon. The test cock should be bronze and the trim parts should be of stainless steel.

b. For the reduced pressure type, the connection can be a union, screwed or flanged. The main valve body and relief valve housing should both be of either epoxy-coated cast iron or bronze. The valve seats should be of either bronze or celcon. The test cock should be bronze and the trim parts should be made of stainless steel and bronze.

8. Dielectric Fitting a. Provide dielectric fittings to connect piping of dissimilar metal and/or connect piping to

equipment fabricated of different metal than piping. Piping should be isolated by means of a dielectric material such as teflon, micarta or thermoplastic screwed insulating unions or flange unions to provide cathodic protection currents and to stop galvanic corrosion.


b. For union type dielectric fittings 2” and under, the pipe connection should be screwed or soldered and the fitting should be made of malleable iron or wrought iron. For union type fittings 2½” and over, the pipe connection should be flanged and the fitting should be or malleable iron or cast brass. For water, air, low-pressure return, natural gas, propane and refrigerant, the dielectric material should be Epconite No. 1. The recommended manufacturer is Epco Sales.

c. For nipple type dielectric fittings, the pipe connection should be screwed and the fitting should be made of electro-zinc plated steel. Recommended manufacturers are EBCO.

d. Install dielectric waterway fittings to connect piping materials of dissimilar metals. e. Bronze bodied valves and devices installed in steel piping systems do not require

dielectric fittings. Iron bodied valves and devices installed in copper systems require dielectric fittings.

f. All dielectric devices will be affixed with a permanent tag indicating a dielectric device. g. Dielectric devices must be tolerant of thermal shock, including 135° F. temperature swing

in two minutes.

9. Pipe Line Strainer a. For “Y” type strainers, the body should be cast iron and the screen should be stainless

steel. For water, pipe sizes 2” and under, the body should be bronze. For pipe sizes 2” and under, the connections should be screwed. For pipe sizes 2” and up, the connections should be flanged. Other manufacturers that make acceptable “Y” type strainers are Armstrong and Mueller.

b. Install strainers in the inlet connections to pumps, pressure reducing valves, automatic control valves, and where indicated on the Drawings.

c. Equip strainers with ball valve type drain valves. d. On low temperature systems, connect suitable length of piping to valve to prevent

spraying of adjacent piping or equipment during system drain-down. Provide at the end of the piping a male hose connection for connecting a hose to run to a drain.

e. On high temperature systems extend piping from valve to a floor drain. f. Prior to installation, disassemble strainer, coat with Never-Seez and reassemble. F. HYDRONIC GUIDELINES 1. Connection to equipment should be made to permit ready disconnection of equipment with

minimum disturbance to adjoining pipe. Screwed or flanged unions should be used at all equipment connections.

2. Flange joints should be faced true, packed and made up perfectly square and tight. Each flange

joint should be provided with best grade steel bolts and with hexagon nuts. Bolts and nuts should be dipped in a mixture of graphite and oil or “Never Seize” just before installation.

3. Provide drain valves and ¾” hose connections with drip caps with retaining chain at low points of

each hydronic line to permit complete draining of entire system, including the system side of all pump check valves. Drain lines should pitch not less than 1” in 40’ in the direction of flow.

4. Provide vent valves at high points of each hydronic piping system to permit complete purging of

air from the system. Automatic vents require isolation valves. 5. Miscellaneous drains and overflow from tanks, equipment, piping, water relief valves, pumps, etc.

should be run to the nearest indirect drain and terminated in an elbow above the drain.


6. Minimum hydronic pipe size should be ¾”. 7. Minimum hydronic pipe riser size should be 1”. 8. In all systems operating at temperatures above 100°F., all runouts to risers and equipment should

have 18” minimum spring piece offsets or 3 elbow swings to absorb expansion. 9. Unions should be provided at valves, strainers, apparatus, pumps, heat exchangers, tanks, machines

and equipment to permit easy dismantling of piping and apparatus. Each piping connection to each piece of equipment should have a union or flanged connection.

10. All piping, after erection, should be thoroughly blown and washed out. During construction, all

lines should be properly capped or plugged to prevent the entrance of dirt, sand or foreign matter. 11. Provide a drain and drain-valve with hose connection and drip cap for all equipment containing

water. If this equipment is within a mechanical equipment room, provide a gate valve piped to a floor drain.

12. Hydronic piping should be pitched upward in the direction of flow or the piping should be installed

with top of pipes at the same level, using eccentric reducers. 13. Pipe relief and safety valves to roof vent pipes, or other approved open locations, to dispose of

discharge without injury to equipment, personnel or premises. 14. Eccentric reducers should be used to prevent trapping of air in top of pipe. Bottom of reducer

should be flat. 15. All valves and piping specialties should be located to permit easy operation and access. All valves

should be packed at the completion of the work prior to final inspection. 16. All water coils should be vented at the top and drained at the bottom with drain valves with hose

connections and drip pans. 17. All piping connections to coils and equipment shall be made with offsets provided with screwed or

welded bolted flanges so arranged that the equipment can be serviced or removed without dismantling the piping.

18. Piping carrying water should not be installed or designed for installation over electrical switchgear,

motor control centers, transformers, nor in elevator shafts and elevator equipment rooms. G. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Manual Air Vents: a. Bell and Gossett – No. 4V b. Taco, Inc. – 417 c. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. - #72 2. Automatic Air Vents: a. Bell and Gossett - #107 High Capacity Air Vent b. Taco – Hy-Vent


c. Spirax/Sarco – 13WS 3. Diaphragm-type Expansion Tanks: a. Bell and Gossett – Series D b. Taco, Inc. – CA Series c. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. – Series AX 4. Air Separator: a. Bell and Gossett – Rolairtrol b. Taco, Inc. – Air Separator 5. Relief Valve: a. Bell and Gossett b. Amtrol c. Armstrong d. McDonnell and Miller 6. Suction Diffuser: a. Bell & Gossett b. Armstrong 7. Backflow Preventer: a. Double Check Type 1) Watts No. 709 2) Hersey 3) Lawler b. Reduced Pressure Type: 1) Watts 909 2) Hersey 3) Lawler 8. Dielectric Fitting: a. Union Type 1) EPCO with Epconite No. 1 b. Nipple Type: 1) Perfection Corp. 2) Clear Flow 3) EBCO


9. “Y” Type Strainer: a. Sarco Type IT (2” and under) b. Sarco Type F-125 (above 2”) c. Armstrong d. Mueller

15122-1 Steam and Condensate Specialties & Piping Guidelines 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15122 STEAM AND CONDENSATE SPECIALTIES AND PIPING GUIDELINES A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying steam and condensate specialties. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

ASME B31.9 “Building Services Piping” for materials, products, and installation. Safety valves and pressure vessels shall bear the appropriate ASME label.

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1. The designer shall not rely on lift after the steam trap when a steam trap serves a device such as a coil or heat exchanger controlled by a modulating valve. Lift may only be considered when the trap will always have full line pressure.

2. Steam mains shall have isolation valves space no further than 200’ apart. Steam isolation valves

larger than 6” shall be equipped with 2” ball warm-up valves.

3. Select steam safety valves for full relief of capacity of equipment served, in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

4. The design documents shall include a flow diagram of the hydronic system indicating all major

components of the system, isolation and control valves, unions/flanges, pipe sizes, pressure and/or temperature relief devices, direction of flow, etc.

D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s latest published data indicating rating data, catalog cuts, model numbers, dimensional information, and pressure drops.

E. STEAM SPECIALTIES 1. Steam Traps a. Balanced Pressure Thermostatic Traps: Cast brass, angle pattern body, with integral

union tailpiece and screw-in cap; maximum operating pressure of 25 psig; balanced pressure stainless steel or monel diaphragm or bellows element, with renewable hardened stainless steel valve head and seat.

b. Float and Thermostatic Traps: ASTM A278, Class 30 cast iron body and bolted cap; renewable, stainless steel float mechanism, with renewable, hardened stainless steel head and seat; balanced pressure thermostatic air vent made of stainless steel or monel bellows with stainless steel head and seat.

c. Inverted Bucket Traps: ASTM A278, Class 30 cast iron body and cap, pressure rated for 250 psi; stainless steel head and seat; stainless steel valve retainer, lever, guide pin assembly, brass or stainless steel bucket.


d. Install isolation valve, strainer (leg vertical), and union upstream from the trap; install union, test tee with test valve, check valve, and isolation valve downstream from trap.

2. Air Vents a. Cast iron or brass body, with balanced pressure stainless steel or monel thermostatic

bellows, and stainless steel heads and seats. 3. Vacuum Breakers a. Stainless steel or brass construction, factory set to open at 2” H2O of vacuum, and shall

be of a hardened ball check valve or spring restrained style. All spring style components shall be encapsulated with a protective cover.

b. Install vacuum breakers on all closed vessels and steam heating coils as indicated on the Drawings.

4. Pressure Regulating Valves a. Pilot actuated, diaphragm type, Class 250, with adjustable pressure range and positive

shut-off; cast iron body with flanged or threaded end connections, hardened stainless steel trim, and replaceable valve head and seat. Provide main head stem guide fitted with flushing and pressure arresting device. Provide cover over pilot diaphragm for protection against dirt accumulation.

b. Install pressure reducing valves as required to regulate system pressure in a location readily accessible for maintenance and inspection. Install in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended piping practices for straight pipe upstream and downstream of the valve. Provide a bypass around each reducing valve, with a globe valve equal in size to the area of the reducing valve seat ring. Install isolation valves and unions around each reducing valve to facilitate removal and repair of reducing valves. Unions may be omitted for reducing valves with flanged connections. Install strainers upstream for each reducing valve. Install safety valves downstream from each reducing valve set a 5 psig higher than the reduced pressure.

c. Install pressure gauges on both sides of each reducing valve, on the system side of the shut-off valves. On two stage reducing stations, install a drip trap and pressure gauge upstream from the second stage reducing valve.

5. Safety Shutoff Valves a. Provide non-vented type safety valves at each pressure reducing valve. 6. Safety Valves

a. Cast iron body and bronze seat, Class 250; forged copper alloy disc and nozzle; fully

enclosed stainless steel spring having an adjustable pressure range and positive shut-off; threaded end connections for valves 2” and smaller, raised face flanged inlet and threaded outlet connections for valves 2½” and larger. Factory set valves to relieve at 10 psi above operating pressure.

b. Install relief valves in accordance with and where required by ASME B31.1 – “Power Piping.” Pipe discharge to atmosphere outside the building, without valves, and terminate vent pipe with screened air gap. Install a drip pan elbow fitting adjacent to the safety valve pipe drain connection to the nearest floor drain without valves. Comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for installation requirements.


7. Pipe Line Strainer a. For “Y” type strainers, the body should be cast iron and the screen should be stainless

steel. For pipe sizes 2” and under, the connections should be screwed; above 2”, the connections should be flanged.

F. STEAM AND CONDENSATE PIPING GUIDELINES 1. Connection to equipment should be made to permit ready disconnection of equipment with

minimum disturbance to adjoining pipe. Screwed or flanged unions should be used at all equipment connections.

2. Under all conditions, and unless otherwise shown or directed, branches from any steam main shall

be taken from the top of the pipe, and all valve stems shall stand upright or at an angle above the center line of the pipe and not handle down.

3. Flange joints should be faced true, packed and made up perfectly square and tight. Each flange

joint should be provided with best grade steel bolts and with hexagon nuts. Bolts and nuts should be dipped in a mixture of graphite and oil or “Never Seize” just before installation.

4. Minimum steam pipe size should be 1”. 5. Minimum steam riser size should be 1¼”. 6. Minimum condensate return pipe size should be 1”. 7. Minimum condensate return riser size should be 1¼”. 8. All piping, including valves, traps, vents and accessories, should be installed so as to be easily

accessible for maintenance, removal, replacement and cleaning. 9. In all systems operating at temperatures above 100°F., all runouts to risers and equipment should

have 18” minimum spring piece offsets or 3 elbow swings to absorb expansion. 10. Unions should be provided at valves, traps, strainers, apparatus, pumps, heat exchangers, tanks,

machines and equipment to permit easy dismantling of piping and apparatus. Each piping connection to each piece of equipment should have a union or flanged connection.

11. All piping, after erection, should be thoroughly blown and washed out. During construction, all

lines should be properly capped or plugged to prevent the entrance of dirt, sand or foreign matter. 12. Provide a drain and drain valve with hose connection and drip cap for all equipment containing

water. If this equipment is within a mechanical equipment room, provide a gate valve piped to a floor drain.

13. Pitch steam piping downward in the direction of flow ¼ inch in 10 feet (1 inch in 40 feet)

minimum. Pitch all steam return lines downward in the direction of condensate flow ½ inch per 10 feet (1 inch in 20 feet) minimum. Where length of branch lines are less than 8 feet, pitch branch lines toward mains ½ inch per foot minimum.

14. Provide 6 inch full-size dirt pockets and 12 inch vertical cooling legs in condensate connections to

equipment.


15. Provide an end of main drip at each rise in the steam main. Provide condensate drips at the bottom of all steam risers, downfed runouts to equipment, radiators, etc. at end of mains and low points, and ahead of all pressure regulators, control valves, isolation valves, and expansion joints.

16. Provide line size shut-off valves in steam supply piping ahead of control valves. 17. Pipe relief and safety valves to roof vent pipes, or other approved open locations, to dispose of

discharge without injury to equipment, personnel or premises. 18. Eccentric reducers should be used to prevent trapping of condensate water in bottom of line. 19. All high pressure steam blowoff discharge lines should have valves with lock shields and capped

nipples, except for boiler blowdown valves. 20. All valves and piping specialties should be located to permit easy operation and access. All valves

should be packed at the completion of the work prior to final inspection. 21. Condensate drip traps above 15 psig should not discharge directly into condensate return mains or

condensate pump receivers, but should be designed to discharge into a flash tank, and to drip through a low pressure Float & Thermostatic (F&T) trap to a condensate return main or receiver.

22. Piping carrying steam or condensate should not be installed or designed for installation over

electrical switchgear, motor control centers, transformers, nor in elevator shafts and elevator equipment rooms.

23. Make piping connections to coils and equipment with offsets provided with screwed or flanged

unions so arranged that the equipment can be serviced or removed without dismantling the piping. Do not screw unions directly to coil header piping connections.

G. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Steam Traps: a. Thermostatic 1) Spirax/Sarco TA-125, TH-125 b. Float and Thermostatic 1) Spirax/Sarco FT-30 c. Inverted Bucket Trap 1) Spirax/Sarco B Series 2. Air Vents: a. Spirax/Sarco VS206 (steam) b. Spirax/Sarco 13WS (condensate) 3. Vacuum Breakers: a. Spirax/Sarco VB14


4. Pressure Regulating Valves: a. Spence Engineering Co. Type ED b. Leslie 5. Safety Shutoff Valve a. Spence b. Leslie 6. Safety Valves: a. O.C. Keckley Bronze 40 C.I. 300 b. Spence Engineering Bronze 40 C.I. 41 c. Spirax/Sarco Bronze 6010 C.I. SVI 7. “Y” Type Strainer: a. Sarco Type IT (2” and under) b. Sarco Type F-125 (above 2”) c. Armstrong d. Mueller

15123-1 Refrigeration Specialties and Piping Guidelines 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15123 REFRIGERATION SPECIALTIES AND PIPING GUIDELINES A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying refrigeration specialties. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

1. Install refrigerant piping in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 15 – “The Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.”

2. Comply with applicable requirements of New York Building Code and New York City Fire Code.

3. Soldering and brazing procedures for refrigeration piping shall conform to ANSI B9.1 “Standard Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.”

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Submit manufacturer’s data for pipe and fittings for each piping system. E. QUALITY ASSURANCE

Manufacturer’s Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of piping systems products, of types, materials, and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 5 years.

F. REFERIGERATION SPECIALTIES

1. Moisture/liquid indicators shall be 500 psig maximum operation pressure, 200°F. maximum operating temperature; forged brass body, with replaceable polished optical viewing window, and solder end connections.

2. Filter-driers shall be 500 psig maximum operation pressure; steel shell, flange ring, and spring, ductile iron cover plate with steel capscrews, and wrought copper fittings for solder end connections. Furnish complete with replaceable filter-drier core kit, including gaskets, standard capacity desiccant sieves to provide micronic filtration.

3. Flexible connectors shall be 500 psig maximum operating pressure; seamless tin bronze or stainless steel core, high tensile bronze braid covering, solder connections, and synthetic covering; dehydrated, pressure tested, minimum 7 inch in length.

4. All refrigerant pipe connections shall be brazed joints. Brazing shall be performed only when there is an inert gas, such as nitrogen, being bled through the system to prevent the formation of scale. The installer is to take the necessary precautions to insure there is adequate ventilation so as to prohibit affixation.

15123-2 Refrigeration Specialties and Piping Guidelines 12-15-03

5. All systems shall utilize “triple evacuation” and have a deep vacuum drawn to 0.5 mm Hg (500 microns) before final charging.

6. Flexible connectors used on refrigerant lines should be constructed of phosphor bronze flexible corrugated tube covered with bronze braid. Joints should be the Vibra-Sorbert Series as manufactured by Flexonics. Alternate manufacturers are Keflex and Resistoflex.

G. REFRIGERANT PIPING GUIDELINES

1. Slope refrigerant piping one percent in the direction of oil return. Liquid lines may be installed level.

2. Install horizontal refrigerant hot gas discharge piping with ½” per 10 feet downward slope away from the compressor.

3. Install horizontal refrigerant suction lines with ½” per 10 feet downward slope to the compressor, with no long traps or dead ends which may cause oil to separate from the suction gas and return to the compressor in damaging slugs.

4. Provide line size liquid indicators in main liquid line leaving condenser or receiver. Install moisture-liquid indicators in liquid lines between filter dryers and thermostatic expansion valves and in liquid line to receiver.

5. Provide refrigerant charging valve connections in liquid line between receiver shutoff valve and expansion valve.

15125-1 Expansion Joints and Loops 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15125 EXPANSION JOINTS AND LOOPS A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying expansion joints and loops.

Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

1. All work should conform to Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers' Association.

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. The designer shall include expansion loops or incorporate expansion devices in all piping systems.

Expansion loops shall be dimensioned, length and width, as well as where in the length of pipe the loop is to be located. Clearly indicate and dimension locations of guides and anchors. Fully detailed anchors and guides are the designer’s responsibility and shall be clearly located on the drawings.

2. Provision for expansion shall be made in all piping by means of loops, bends, or offsets. Where pipe

lines join or where branches occur, provisions shall be made for the expansion of both lines. 3. Expansion joints can be provided where it is most practical to accommodate other means of expansion. D. SUBMITTALS 1. Submit shop drawings indicating anchoring details, anchor points, guide details, etc. 2. Submit manufacturer’s data for all expansion devices. 3. All pipe lines containing expansion joints shall be guided in accordance with expansion joint

manufacturer’s instructions as substantiated by data in manufacturer’s catalog or separate date furnished with submittal drawings.

4. Engineer shall submit pipe expansion and flexibility calculations. E. QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. During installation, provide inspection services by flexible pipe manufacturer’s representative to

certify installation of expansion joints is in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and that connectors are performing satisfactorily, and warranty is in place.

2. Upon completion of installation, provide for a controlled inspection of the expansion joint installation,

by a professional engineer in accordance with the New York City Building Code (Title 1, Rule 20-02). Any welding of high pressure steam piping needs to be x-ray inspected, also in accordance with the New York City Building Code.


F. EXPANSION JOINTS 1. Packless, Bellows-type Expansion Joints: For hot water, chilled water and steam mains, joints shall be

suitable for test pressure of 300 psi. Joints shall be #321 stainless steel bellows with carbon steel external covers with flanged or welded ends. All joints shall have minimum indicated traverse as guaranteed by the manufacturer for the total number of corrugations of the bellows element. Joints for generator exhaust pipe shall be 300 psi design stainless steel and suitable for 1200°F. temperature and 4” compression when hot.

2. Slip-joint, Packed Type Expansion Joints: For steam piping, joints shall be type permitting the

addition of new packing while joint is in service under full line pressure. Sleeve to be of chromium-plated, wrought steel construction, guided by internal and external guides which are integral with joint gland and body. Sleeve ends to be fitted with forged steel pipe flanges or beveled for welding into pipe line. Joints to be suitable for 125 psi, maximum working steam pressure 300 psi test pressure and to be complete with packing when installed.

3. Flexible ball joints shall be the product of a company which can offer proof of five years’ successful

operation under similar temperatures and pressures in sizes as called for on Drawings. 4. Flexible ball joints shall be of cast steel or forged steel construction and they shall provide 360#

rotation plus a minimum of 40# (for sizes ¼ inch to 6 inches inclusive) or 15# (for sizes 2½ inches to 30 inches inclusive) angular flexing movement, to be furnished with two asbestos composition gaskets pressure molded in steam-heated presses. Gaskets to be suitable for continuous operation temperatures.

5. Expansion joints shall be designed to accommodate an amount of traverse greater than the combined

extension and compression that must be accommodated after the expansion joint is installed including allowance for frame shortening in building with concrete columns. Submittal drawings are to indicate amount of factory precompression as well as available movement in compression and extension from installed position.

6. All expansion joints and expansion compensators shall have a metal nameplate permanently attached

bearing inscription of size, type, pressure rating, allowable movement, year of fabrication and manufacturer’s identification number.

G. ANCHORS AND GUIDES 1. All anchors shall be separate and independent of all hangers and supports. Anchors shall be of heavy

blacksmith construction suitable in every way for the work of this contract. Anchors shall be welded to the pipe and fastened to the structure with bolts.

2. Anchors shall be fabricated and assembled in such a form as to secure the piping in a fixed position.

They shall permit the line to take up its expansion and contraction freely in opposite directions away from the anchored points, and shall be so arranged to be structurally suitable for particular location, and line loading.

3. Anchor chair shall be fabricated of steel and welded to steel pipe for a minimum of 12” along top or

bottom steel pipe centerline. Non-ferrous pipe anchor chair shall be clamped to pipe at each end of chair (chair to be minimum of 12” long). Anchor chair shall be welded or bolted to steel restraining supports which are bolted to building structural steel.

4. Piping shall be anchored to control expansion and prevent undue strain on the fittings and apparatus.

Anchors shall be attached to pipe and fastened to structure. Provide steel for connection to structure.


5. Guides shall be located and constructed wherever required or shown on drawings, to permit free axial movement only. A minimum of two (2) guides shall be installed on each end of joint plus at least one (1) guide between two (2) joints.

6. Guides shall be fabricated of a split housing joined by a minimum of four bolts, and a split spider

assembly of four arms joined by four bolts. Housing shall be at least three times the anticipated pipe movement. All guides for systems operating over 210°F. shall be a minimum of 12” long. Guide shall be welded or bolted to steel restraining supports which are bolted to building structural steel.

7. Provide anchors and guides as indicated on plans or as required to properly restrain motion of piping

without inducing undue pipe stress. H. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Expansion Joints a. Bellow Type (Packless) 1) Badger Company Series 300 2) ADSCO Company 3) Zeller Company b. Slip Joint (Packed) For Steam Piping 1) Yarway Company Gun Pakt 2) Advanced Thermal Systems 3) ADSCO Company 4) Victaulic 2. Anchor Chairs a. Elcen Figure 278 (4” and smaller) b. Elcen Figure 281 (larger than 4”) 3. Guides a. Elcen Figure 411A, 411B, 412A, 412B

15140-1 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15140 HVAC PUMPS A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying HVAC pumps and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes the following categories of HVAC pumps: a. In-line circulators. b. Vertical in-line pumps. c. End-suction pumps. d. Double-suction pumps. e. Automatic condensate pump units. f. Steam and onsite pump units.

B. STANDARDS

1. Hydraulic Institute’s “Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary & Reciprocating Pumps” for pump design, manufacture, testing, and installation.

2. UL 778 “Standard for Motor Operated Water Pumps”. 3. NEMA MG1 “Standard for Motors and Generators” for electric motors. Include NEMA listing

and labeling. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1. Submit friction head calculations and pump curves for all water systems. 2. In order to insure stable operation and prevent any possibility of hunting, the pump curve shall be

continuously rising from maximum capacity up to the shut-off head. Shut-off head minimum should be 10 percent greater than the design head, except for double suction pumps to shut-off head shall be 20 percent greater than design head.

3. All pump casings shall be hydrostatically tested at 1½ times design working pressure. The design

working pressure is sum of total dynamic head (TDH) plus total system static water head. 4. Pumps shall be selected to operate at or near their point of peak efficiency, thus allowing for

operation at capacities of approximately 25% beyond design capacity. In addition, the design impeller diameter shall be selected so that the design capacity of each pump (GPM and TDH) shall not exceed 90% of the capacity obtainable with maximum impeller diameter at the design speed for that model.

5. Each pump shall be driven by a constant or variable speed motor. Maximum brake horsepower at design speed shall, under no condition, exceed the nominal motor horsepower. Each pump motor shall be factory mounted. Motors shall be high-efficiency type in accordance with Section 15980.

15140-2 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

6. The pump motor should be selected as non-overloading over the entire pump curve shown by the manufacturer. Pump performance and motor characteristics shall be such that motor will not be loaded beyond its service factor.

7. Design pumping systems so that the available positive head at the pump intake will be larger than the required net positive suction head at the highest possible water temperature at the pump intake.

8. Mechanical seals shall be used on all pumps except fire pumps, where stuffing boxes shall be used and open condenser water pumps that shall have packing seals.

9. The specifications should state that the pump manufacturer shall be responsible for determining

the composition of the water before and after treatment and to provide seals which should meet these service conditions. Complete flushing arrangement shall be provided for mechanical seals and packing.

10. The specifications should require that the final coupling alignment be documented and the results

furnished in writing to the University. 11. Pumps shall be selected for parallel operation where any system is shown or piped to operate with

two or more pumps. Each pump selected should provide equal flow characteristics. 12. Stand-by pumps should be provided on chilled water and hot water building distribution systems.


1. Submit shop drawings and product data, including certified pump curves with pump and system operating point plotted. Include Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH), efficiency and horsepower curves. In addition, include weights (shipping, installed, and operating), furnished specialties, and accessories. Indicate pump’s operating point on curves.

2. Submit manufacturer’s installation instructions. 3. Submit manufacturer’s maintenance and repair data and parts list.

4. Submit wiring diagrams detailing wiring for power, signal, and control systems and differentiating between manufacturer-installed wiring and field-installed wiring.

E. QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. Provide manufacturer’s certification that materials meet or exceed the minimum requirements specified herein.

2. Fabricate and label pumps to comply with UL 778 and include NEMA listing and labeling. 3. Single-Source Responsibility: Obtain each category of pumps from a single-source and by a

single manufacturer. Include responsibility and accountability to answer questions and resolve problems regarding compatibility, installation, performance, and acceptance of pumps.

4. Install pumps and associated appurtenances in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s

requirements for maintaining satisfactory hydraulic performance.

5. It shall be the responsibility of the pump manufacturer to determine the composition of the water before and after treatment and to provide seals which shall meet these service conditions. Seals shall be guaranteed for two (2) years.

15140-3 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

6. The pump manufacturer shall be responsible for his service department aligning in the field prior to start-up of all flexibly coupled units. Alignment shall be with dial indicator with accuracy of plus or minus .002 inches.

F. GENERAL PUMP INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

1. All pumps should be installed with line size isolation valves on both sides. 2. The pump and motor should be installed on a common steel or cast iron base, isolated from the

building structure so that the unit will not transmit vibration to the building. The pump coupling to the motor should be flexible and should be equipped with a guard.

3. Valved gauges should be provided at the pump suction and discharge. 4. Piping connections to pumps should not be supported by the pump, but should be provided with

floor flanged base elbows which shall rest on the concrete pump foundation. 5. Suction inlet pipe for all pumps should be a straight section of pipe of not less than 10 pipe

diameters in direction of flow. Where space conditions will not permit suction inlet pipe of required length, provide a suction diffuser.

6. Support pumps and piping separately so that piping is not supported by pumps. 7. Suspend in-line pumps using continuous-thread hanger rod and vibration-isolation hangers of

sufficient size to support weight of pump independent of piping system.

8. Set base-mounted pumps on concrete foundation. Disconnect coupling halves before setting. Do not reconnect couplings until alignment operations have been completed.

9. Provide vibration isolation as necessary to prevent excessive noise and vibration. In general,

install large pumps located above grade on concrete inertia base with spring vibration isolators. Where an inertia base is used, support piping near pumps with spring hangers.

10. Install suction diffusers on pump inlets with ample space for basket removal. Where pumps are

mounted on inertia pads, suction diffuser will be supported with steel pipe section on inertia pad. All other installations, the suction diffuser will be supported by steel pipe section and a neoprene pad 1” thick. Remove start-up strainer after start-up and pipe cleaning.

11. Pump flanges shall be of the same weight as the connecting flanges on piping systems.

G. ALIGNMENT

1. Align pump and motor shafts and piping connections after setting them on foundations, after grout has been set and foundation bolts have been tightened, and after piping connections have been made. Alignment shall be made with dial indicator to a tolerance of ±.002”.

2. Comply with pump and coupling manufacturers’ written instructions. 3. Adjust alignment of pump and motor shafts for angular and parallel alignment by one of two

methods specified in the Hydraulic Institute’s Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary & Reciprocating Pumps, “Instructions for Installation, Operation and Maintenance.”

15140-4 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

4. After alignment is correct, tighten foundation bolts evenly but not too firmly. Fill base plate completely with nonshrink, nonmetallic grout, with metal blocks and shims or wedges in place. After grout has cured, fully tighten foundation bolts.

H. INLINE CIRCULATORS

1. Circulators shall be horizontal inline, centrifugal, separately-coupled, single-stage, bronze-fitted, radially split case design, with mechanical seals, and rated for 125 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous water temperature.

2. Cast iron casings, with threaded companion flanges for piping connections smaller than 2½”, and

threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet connections. 3. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung single-suction, fabricated from

cast bronze or bronze conforming to ASTM B584, and keyed to steel shaft. Provide slinger on motor shaft between motor and seals to prevent liquid that leaks past pump seals from entering the motor bearings.

4. Mechanical seals shall be carbon steel rotating ring, stainless steel spring, ceramic seat, and

flexible bellows and gasket. Pump shaft bearings shall be oil-lubricated, bronze journal, and thrust bearings with 50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed. Flexible pump couplings, capable of absorbing torsional vibration and shaft misalignment. Motors shall be resiliently mounted to the pump casing.

I. VERTICAL INLINE PUMPS

1. Pumps shall be centrifugal, close-coupled, single-stage, bronze-fitted, radially split case design, with mechanical seals, and rated for 175 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous water temperature.

2. Cast iron casings, with threaded companion flanges for piping connections smaller than 2½”, and

threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet connections. 3. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung, single-suction, cast bronze,

conforming to ASTM B584, and keyed to shaft. Ground and polished steel shaft, with bronze sleeve and integral thrust bearings with 50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed. Provide slinger on motor shaft between motor and seals to prevent liquid that leaks past pump seals from entering the motor bearings. Mechanical seals consisting of carbon steel rotating ring, stainless steel spring, ceramic seat, and Buna-N bellows and gasket.

J. BASE-MOUNTED, SEPARATELY-COUPLED, END-SUCTION PUMPS

1. Pumps shall be base-mounted, centrifugal, separately-coupled, end-suction, single-stage, bronze-fitted, radially split case design, and rated for 175 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous water temperature. Pumps fabrication shall conform with the Hydraulics Institute (HI) Standards.

2. Cast iron casings, with flanged piping connections, and threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet

flange connections. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung, single-suction, fabricated from cast bronze conforming to ASTM B584, keyed (steel) to shaft and secured by a stainless steel locking cap screw. Provide replaceable bronze wear rings, steel pump shaft, with bronze sleeve.

15140-5 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

3. Mechanical seals consisting of stainless steel metal parts, Ni-resist seat, and flexible Buna-N bellows and gasket. Pump bearing housing assembly shall have oil lubricated bearings with 50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed, replaceable without disturbing piping connections.

4. Provide flexible pump couplings, capable of absorbing torsional vibration and shaft misalignment; complete with metal coupling guard. Coupling shall be spacer type that allows the coupling to be removed without disturbing the piping or the motor. Spacers shall be Lovejoy flex shaft type couplings with EPDM rubber inserts or Woods equivalent.

K. BASE-MOUNTED, HORIZONTAL SPLIT CASE PUMPS

1. Pumps shall be base-mounted, centrifugal, separately-coupled, side-suction and discharge, single-stage, bronze-fitted, and rated for 175 psig working pressure and 225°F. continuous water temperature. Pumps fabrication shall conform with the Hydraulics Institute (HI) Standards.

2. Cast iron casings, with flanged piping connections, and threaded gauge tappings at inlet and outlet

flange connections. Statically and dynamically balanced impeller, closed, overhung, single-suction, fabricated from cast bronze conforming to ASTM B584, keyed (steel) to shaft and secured by a stainless steel locking cap screw. Provide replaceable bronze wear rings, steel pump shaft, with bronze sleeve.

3. Mechanical seals consisting of stainless steel metal parts, Ni-resist seat, and flexible Buna-N

bellows and gasket. Pump bearing housing assembly shall have oil lubricated bearings with 50,000 hour life, rated L10 and dust-sealed, replaceable without disturbing piping connections.

4. Provide flexible pump couplings, capable of absorbing torsional vibration and shaft misalignment;

complete with metal coupling guard. Coupling shall be spacer type that allows the coupling to be removed without disturbing the piping or the motor. Spacers shall be Lovejoy flex shaft type couplings with EPDM rubber inserts or Woods equivalent.

L. CONDENSATE COLLECTING AND PUMPING

1. Condensate pumping units should consist of two pumps, each direct connected to an electric motor, and one receiver made of heavy galvanized steel and two float switches.

2. The receiver should be mounted above the pump on a structural steel support, so that return flows

by gravity to pump suction. Receiver should be provided with an air vent relief line up to the ceiling, through a return bend fitting, and piped down to within 6” of floor.

3. Motors should be designed to operate at maximum speed of 3,600 rpm, capable of operating

continuously without undue heating, or sign of overload. 4. The unit should have two (2) float switches. Each float switch should start its respective pump at

a predetermined high water level, stopping it when the water has been discharged. The float switches should be wired so that the second pump starts in the event that the first pump fails to operate. Under a peak load condition, such as warm-up, both units should be capable of operating simultaneously.

5. The discharge connection of each pump should have a check valve and gate valve. M. CONDENSATE PUMP SET

1. Condensate pump sets should be factory-fabricated, packaged electric-drive pump units complete with receiver, pumps, and controls.

15140-6 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

2. Pumps should be mounted on the receiver and be electric, centrifugal, close-coupled, vertical design, permanently aligned, bronze-fitted, with enclosed bronze case ring and mechanical seal.

3. Factory wiring should be provided between pump and float switch for single external electrical

connection. N. CONDENSATE DRAINAGE PUMP UNITS

1. Condensate drainage pump units should be designed to transfer condensate from air handling unit

coil pans to drain. Units should be designed for in-pan mounting, and consist of tank, pump and controls.

2. Tank shall be constructed of polystyrene or other corrosion resistant plastic. 3. Pump should be centrifugal, corrosion-resistant, and have over-load thermal protection.

O. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

Acceptable manufacturers are subject to compliance with requirements set forth in Facilities Standards.

1. In-Line Circulators: a. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. (1000 Series) b. Bell & Gossett ITT (Series 60 and 80) c. Grundfos Pumps Corp. d. Taco; Fabricated Products Div. (1600 Series) 2. Compact In-Line Circulators: a. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. b. Bell & Gossett ITT; Div. of ITT Fluid Technology Corp. c. Grundfos Pumps Corp. d. PACO Pumps e. Taco: Fabricated Products Div. 3. Vertical In-Line Pumps: a. Armstrong Pumps, Inc. (4360 Series) b. Bell & Gossett ITT c. Goulds Pumps, Inc. d. Grundfos Pumps Corp. e. PACO Pumps f. Peerless Pump Co. g. Taco; Fabricated Products Div. (VC Series) 4. Flexible-Coupled, End-Suction Pumps: a. Goulds Pumps, Inc. b. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. (D-800 Series) c. PACO Pumps. d. Taco; Fabricated Products Div. e. Weil Pump Company, Inc.

15140-7 HVAC Pumps 12-15-03

5. Flexible-Coupled, Double Suction Pumps: a. Bell & Gossett ITT; Div. of ITT Fluid Technology Corp. b. Goulds Pumps, Inc. c. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. d. PACO Pumps. e. Peerless Pump Co. f. Taco; Fabricated Products Div. g. Fairbanks Morse Pump Corp. (2800 Series) 6. Steam Condensate Pump Units: a. Federal Pump b. Bell & Gossett ITT; Div. of ITT Fluid Technology Corp. c. Roth Pump Company d. Sarco Pumps 7. Condensate Drainage Pump Units: a. Beckett Corp. b. Hartell Div.; Milton Roy Co. c. Little Giant Pump Co. d. Marsh Manufacturing, Inc.

15170-1 Meters and Gauges 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15170 METERS AND GAUGES A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying thermometers, pressure gauges

and flow meters. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS Comply with applicable UL standards pertaining to meters and gauges and with applicable portions of ASME

and Instrument Society of American (ISA) standards pertaining to construction and installation of meters and gauges.

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Engineer shall indicate locations of all meters and gauges on drawings or details. 2. All buildings connected to the Central Heating Plant shall have condensate meters. All buildings

connected to a chilled water plant serving multiple buildings shall be metered. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s latest published data for instrument types, materials, accessories and

installation. E. QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. Instruments are to be factory calibrated for the temperature and pressure of the systems in which they

are installed. 2. Instruments to be industrial quality. F. THERMOMETERS AND TEMPERATURE WELLS 1. Provide duct thermometers of the dial face type, 3½” diameter, liquid-filled with averaging bulb.

Thermometers in ductwork shall be provided with suitable flanges for duct mounting, with not less than 12” stem.

2. Thermometers should be mercury, adjustable to every angle, of industrial grade, complete with

double thick glass front and separable socket. Scales shall be a minimum of 9 inches long. Where the scale is 10 feet or more above the finished floor, use a 12 inches minimum scale length.

3. Each thermometer to be installed in an extension neck brass separable socket. Extension neck length

to be coordinated with insulation thickness. Socket and thermometer insertion length to be minimum of 75% pipe diameter.

4. Accuracy is to be factory calibrated to ±1°F., for the average temperature of the system in which it is

installed.


5. Scale ranges should be as follows:-

a. Hot water, steam, - 30°F to 300°F, with 2-degree scale divisions condensate b. Chilled water - 20°F to 120°F, with 2-degree scale divisions. c. Condenser Water - 20°F to 150°F, with 2-degree scale divisions. d. Scale ranges not indicated to be selected so that normal operating point is between 35%

and 65% of full scale.

G. THERMOMETER LOCATION AND PLACEMENT GUIDELINES 1. Thermometers should be installed at the following locations: a. In inlet and outlet water connections at chilled water coil bank and hot water coils bank in

each air handling unit. b. In inlet and outlet of hot water side of heat exchangers. c. In inlet and outlet of chilled water, hot water and condenser water pumps. In return air

duct and mixed air duct to each air handling unit. d. In and out of each cooling tower. e. In and out of each chiller or boiler. f. In return secondary water and in mixed water line after bleed valves on all bleed systems. g. In inlet and outlet of each reheat coil. h. In inlet and outlet water connections at each domestic hot water heater and where

indicated on the drawings. i. Other locations deemed necessary by the design consultant. 2. Thermometers in ductwork should be installed at the following locations: a. On air handling units upstream of preheat coil bank. b. On supply air discharge ductwork of air handling units.

c. In return air duct and mixed air duct to each air handling unit. 3. Thermometers should be installed and adjustable so that the scale is easily readable from floor

level. 4. Thermometers in ductwork should be provided with suitable flanges for duct mounting, with not

less than a 12" stem. H. PRESSURE GAUGES 1. 4½" diameter pressure and/or compound gauges with a cast aluminum case, with rim and glass

over the face. 2. Gauge pipe and fittings should be brass. Piping should be 1/4" diameter. All gauges should be

provided with shutoff cocks. Pressure gauges should have a range of at least twice the working pressure, but in no case less than 0 to 30 pounds.

3. Gauges on pumps should be located directly at suction and discharge nozzle without any

intervening valves, strainers or other specialties except for nipple and gauge petcock. 4. Scale ranges should be as follows:


a. Low Pressure Steam - 0 PSI to 50 PSI b. High Pressure Steam - 0 PSI to 125 PSI c. Other Systems - 0 PSI to (2 x Operating Pressure) PSI (Minimum 0

PSI to 30 PSI) d. Compound - 30 inches Hg of vacuum to 15 PSIG of pressure

5. Provide a siphon and lever handle cock for each pressure gauge installed in the steam system.

6. Gauges in pumped systems shall have micropose pulsation dampeners (commonly called snubbers).

I. PRESSURE GAUGE LOCATION AND PLACEMENT GUIDELINES 1. Pressure gauges should be installed in the following locations: a. Upstream and downstream of pressure reducing stations. b. In inlet and outlet of each hot water reheat coil. c. In inlet and outlet of each chilled water coil bank and hot water coils. d. In inlet and outlet of each chiller, boiler, heat exchanger and condenser. e. In inlet and discharge side of each pump. f. At each expansion tank. g. At each cold water makeup to system. 2. Pressure gauges should be installed so that the scale is easily readable from floor level. Provide

extension tubing as required. J. AIR FLOW GAUGES 1. Magnehelic Gauge: 4” dial with frictionless magnetic movements. Gauge to operate without use

of fluid. Range to be compatible with service. Accuracy ±2% of scale. Die cast aluminum case with clear plastic face and “O” ring seal. Diaphragm to be silicone rubber with cobalt magnet and sapphire bearings.

2. Install across each air handling unit’s filter bank. Sensing ports shall be located on either side of

the filter to provide an accurate average static pressure drop across the entire filter bank. K. TEST PLUGS (REQUIRED UNIVERSITY APPROVAL) 1. Provide test plugs ½” NPT made of brass with Nordel core. In addition, supply six (6) kits

consisting of ¼” NPT pressure gauge, gauge adapter with 1/8” probe and protecting shield, bi-metal thermometer range 25°F. to 125°F. with 5” stem and 1¾” diameter dial, bi-metal thermometer range 20° to 240°F. with 5” stem and 1¾” diameter dial. Each kit to be provided in an impact-resistant carrying case.

2. Test plugs to be provided at inlet and outlet of each water coil (including unit heaters, cabinet

heaters, fan coil units, etc.) that are not provided with thermometers and pressure gauges. L. STEAM METER

1. A steam meter for recording entire building steam consumption should be installed at the point of connection of the campus steam main to the building’s PRV station. This meter should be either a steam vortex type or insertion style Turbine Flowmeter, as manufactured by Emco dependent on the


expected flow levels. Continuous high stream flow distribution systems should use an inline, vortex style flowmeter. Varied flow of low to high flow levels should be of the turbine type. These meters shall be manufactured under a ISO-9001 certified quality system. Additionally, any space to be utilized by users other than Columbia University or space determined to have changeable steam use should be sub-metered, in order to provide accurate information for billing purposes.

2. Inline Vortex Flowmeter

a. General

1) The flowmeter shall be an inline style vortex flowmeter. 2) The flowmeter shall be suitable for use in steam, gas or liquid applications with

line sizes ranging from 1” to 12”.

b. Sensor

1) Sensor shall have no moving parts. 2) The sensor shall utilize a separated vortex bluff body and a sensor wing with a

dual piezoelectric sensing technology to ensure maximum signal to noise rejection.

3) The flowmeter body, bluff body and the sensor wing shall be of a fully welded design with no gaskets or leak paths.

4) The piezoelectric sensor shall be removable under process pressure of up to 750 psig without process shutdown.

5) Installation of bypass piping shall not be necessary to access the piezoelectric sensor.

6) The wetted parts shall be constructed of 316L stainless steel, Carbon Steel or Hastelloy C in accordance with application suitability.

7) The flowmeter shall be available in wafer style for sizes 1” to 4”, or ANSI flanged 150#, 300# or 600# in sizes 1” to 12”

c. Electronics 1) The flowmeter meter electronics shall be microprocessor based with full

programming capability via the key pad interface and local display. 2) The local display shall provide display of rate and total with full diagnostic

capability and provide digital filtering of mechanical and electrical noise. 3) The flowmeter shall be capable of providing a field selectable loop powered 4-

20 ma or a 3 wire frequency/pulse output option. d. Performance 1) The accuracy of the flowmeter shall be +/- 0.7% of rate for liquids, +/- 1.0% of

rate for gas and steam with a minimum turndown of 10:1 and repeatable to 0.15% of rate.

2) The flowmeter shall have a temperature rating of –40 to 750 Degrees F. 3) The flowmeter shall have a pressure rating dependent on the flange rating being

used. 4) The flowmeter shall be manufactured under an ISO-9001 certified quality

system. 5) The flowmeter shall be EMCO model PhD Vortex Flowmeter.


3. Insertion Turbine Flowmeter a. General 1) The flowmeter shall be an insertion style Turbine Flowmeter. 2) The flowmeter shall be capable of being hot-tapped into a “live” flow line while

operating under process pressures and temperatures. 3) The flowmeter shall be suitable for use in steam, gas or liquid applications with

line sizes ranging from 3” to 20”. b. Sensor 1) Sensor shall be a turbine type with a low drag magnetic pick-up housed in a 316

stainless 2) The rotor shall be fabricated from one solid block of Stainless Steel material with

no welding process involved. 3) Sensor shall be insertable and retractable through a 2” full port isolation valve

without process shut down. The isolation valve shall be included with the flowmeter.

4) The retractor shall be an integral and permanent part of the flowmeter assembly to ensure maximum safety to personnel operating the flowmeter.

5) The flowmeter shall be designed such that a pressure and/or temperature transducer maybe added integral to the flowmeter probe without having to re-tap the process line.

c. Electronics 1) The flowmeter electronics shall use automatic profile factor compensation to

relate the point velocity to average flowrate and to maintain overall accuracy. 2) The flowmeter electronics shall be microprocessor based with full programming

capability via the key pad interface and local display. 3) The local display shall provide display of rate and total with full diagnostic

capability. 4) The flowmeter shall be capable of providing a field selectable loop powered 4-

20 ma or a 3 wire frequency/pulse output option. 5) Meter shall be able to operate from a power source of 15-40 VDC. d. Performance 1) The accuracy of the flowmeter shall be +/-1.5% of rate with a minimum

turndown ration of 10:1, and a repeatability of 0.25% of rate. 2) The flowmeter shall have a temperature rating of –40 to 400 Degrees F. 3) The flowmeter shall have a pressure rating of 125 psig for steam or 200 psig for

liquid and gas. 4) The flowmeter shall be manufactured under an ISO-9001 certified quality

system. 5) The flowmeter shall be the EMCO model TMP-600/60S. 4. The meter should be sized for the maximum anticipated steam load. The meter requires twenty-

five pipe diameters of straight pipe run upstream of the meter and five pipe diameters of straight pipe run downstream of the meter.


5. The meter should be tied into the University's data acquisition system for remote recording of steam consumption.

6. A flow processor capable of providing digital display of steam use should be installed. a. Flow Processor 1) The Flow Processor shall be microprocessor based containing software for

volumetric flow, mass flow and BTU usage steam. 2) The Flow Processor shall contain software to perform flow calculations for

different types of flowmeters including Turbine, Vortex, DP transmitters, PD and other types of flowmeters with 4-20 ma or scaled frequency outputs.

3) The Flow Processor shall perform mass and energy computations using pressure and temperature compensation techniques for steam.

4) The Flow Processor shall be capable of accepting up to 8 frequency v.s velocity calibration points for linearization and enhancement of the flowmeter accuracy.

5) The Flow Processor shall contain 2 resettable and 2 non-resettable totalizers for user selected values.

6) The Flow Processor shall be capable of displaying statistical values (ave, min, max) for all flow variables, pressures and temperatures.

7) The Flow Processor shall have 16-key membrane keypad with tactile feedback. 8) Display shall have a 2-line x 16 character, alpha numeric, LCD or backlit

display. 9) Display shall illustrate flow values and engineering units on the same screen. 10) The Flow Processor shall use quartz crystal time base allowing frequency

measurement of better than 0.01%. 11) The Flow Processor shall have the capability of communication via RS-232C

compatible interface with ASCII protocol. b. Electrical Specifications 1) The Flow Processor shall be provided with a factory supplied power supply of

115 Vac, or 230 Vac +/-15%, or 10.5-36 Vdc power input. 2) The Flow Processor shall be capable of receiving the following outputs: (1) 4-20

ma flow input or (1) frequency flow input in the range of 0-10 Khz, +3 to 36 Volts amplitude.

(2) 4-20 ma inputs for pressure and temperature. (2) RTD inputs, for 2, 3 or 4 wire platinum RTD with a range of 100 – 4000

ohms. (1) Direction input, +3V nominal transition level, 36 V max amplitude. 3) The Flow Processor shall be capable of providing the following outputs: Power: To power the flowmeter transmitters: 24 Vdc +/-5% at 150 ma. Analog: Isolated 4-20 ma dc. Realy: Isolated solid state DC, 1 amp max up to 60 Vdc. 4) The Flow Processor shall be available in NEMA 4 rated wall mount enclosure or

panel mount version. 5) The flowmeter shall be manufactured under an ISO-9001 certified quality

system.


6) The Flow Processor shall be the Engineering Measurements Co. (EMCO) model FP-93 Flow processor.

M. CHILLED WATER METER 1. At the connection point of the campus chilled water main, downstream of the isolation valve, an

ultrasonic type meter as manufactured by Controltron should be installed, for recording chilled water usage. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for installation with respect to pipe size, straight run of piping, location, etc.

2. The meter should be tied into the University's data acquisition system for remote recording of

chilled water consumption. 3. The meter should be of the BTU measuring type with resistance temperature devices measuring

supply and return temperature, with a flow meter and math processor to calculate energy consumption (BTU’s) based on temperature difference and flow.

N. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Thermometers a. Marsh b. Marshalltown c. Trerice – By Series d. Weiss e. Weksler – AA5 Series f. Taylor – E Series 2. Pressure Gauges a. Ashcroft – Duraguage Series b. Marsh c. Marshalltown d. Weiss – PG Series e. Weksler – AA1 Series f. WIKA g. U.S. Gauge h. Trerice – 500X Series 3. Air Flow Gauges (Magnehelic) a. Dwyer 4. Test Plugs (Requires University Approval) a. Peterson – Petes Plug b. Ernst c. Weksler d. Trerice


5. Steam Meter a. Emco 6. Chilled Water Meter a. Controlotron

15190-1 Mechanical Identification and Painting 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15190 MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION AND PAINTING A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying mechanical identification and

painting. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS Comply with ANSI A13.1 for lettering size, length of color field, colors, and viewing angles of identification

devices. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Follow established industry practice and engineering guidelines. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Shop Drawings: Submit valve tag chart; pipe, duct and equipment labels, paint and color chart. 2. Product Data: Manufacturer’s latest published data for materials, equipment and installation,

including samples of valve tags, equipment identification and piping identification, showing size of lettering.

3. Maintenance Manuals: Provide valve tag charts for inclusion in maintenance manuals. E. PIPING SYSTEMS 1. Pipe Labels a. Identify all piping systems with color coded bands per ANSI A13.1-1981, sharply

contrasting with background. Locate bands near strategic points, such as valves, items of equipment, changes in directions, wall penetrations, capped stub out for future connection and every 40 feet of straight runs. If necessary, paint a strip background of black or white to obtain contrast.

b. Each set of bands to consist of one (1) band on which the name of the service is printed in black letters not less than 1½” high, and two (2) bands on which is printed a black directional arrow located on each side of legend. Apply bands where they can be easily read and with their long dimension parallel to the axis of the pipe. Provide bands with backgrounds of different colors from the various service groups.

c. Drain piping serving mechanical equipment items for which the drain discharge is not visible from the equipment shall be marked in accordance with ANSI 13.1-1981 near the point of discharge indicating the item of equipment served.

d. Use labeling coloring as set forth in 4. “Piping System Abbreviations and Letter and Label Color”, contained herein.

2. Valve Tags


a. Provide a valve tag on every isolation valve including and control valve in each piping system. Exclude check valves, valves within factory fabricated equipment units, plumbing fixture faucets, interior and exterior hose bibs, shut off valves at plumbing fixtures, HVAC terminal devices, and similar rough-in connections of end use fixtures and units. List each tagged valve in the valve schedules for each piping system.

b. Provide 1 ½” – 2” diameter, 19 gauge, polished brass valve tags with black paint filled stamp engraved piping system abbreviation in ¼” high letters and sequenced valve numbers ½” high, and with 5/32” hole for fastener. Attach tags with chain, S-hook or split ring as appropriate. Tags shall indicate the system in which installed (using abbreviations listed in 4. “Piping System Abbreviations and Letter and Label Color”, contained herein), and valve number for systems having more than one valve.

3. Valve Charts a. Contractor shall provide valve charts that include a separate directory and drawing for each

mechanical piping system. Drawing shall be scaled as required to indicate the location of each valve.

b. Provide frames of finished hardwood or extruded aluminum plastic (Lexan) panes for each valve chart. Secure with screws for secure, removable mounting on walls of each Mechanical Equipment Room. A copy of each chart shall be included in each copy of the Operation and Maintenance Manuals.

4. Piping System Abbreviations and Letter and Label Coloring Heating and Cooling Pipe System Labels Drawing I.D. Letter and Label Color Chilled Water Return CHWR White on Green Chilled Water Supply CHWS White on Green

Condenser Water Return CWR White on Green Condenser Water Supply CWS White on Green Fuel Oil Return FOR Black on Yellow Fuel Oil Supply FOS Black on Yellow High Pressure Condensate HPC Black on Yellow High Pressure Steam HPS Black on Yellow Hot Water Heating Return HWR Black on Yellow Hot Water Heating Supply HWS Black on Yellow Low Pressure Condensate LPC Black on Yellow Low Pressure Steam (15#) LPS Black on Yellow Medium Pressure Condensate MPC Black on Yellow Medium Pressure Steam (60#) MPS Black on Yellow Pumped Condensate Return PCR Black on Yellow Compressed Air (Controls) CCA White on Green

Plumbing and Waste Pipe Systems Labels Drawing I.D. Letter and Label Color Acid Waste ACID Black on Yellow Brine BR White on Green Compressed Air A White on Blue Fire Protection FP White on Red Hazardous Waste HAZ Black on Yellow High Purity Water DI White on Green Potable Cold Water DCW White on Green Hot Water Supply, Potable DHW Black on Yellow Hot Water Return, Potable DHWR Black on Yellow


Laboratory Hot Water Supply (Non-Potable) LHWS Black on Yellow Laboratory Hot Water Return (Non-Potable) LHWS Black on Yellow Laboratory Cold Water (Non-Potable) LCWS White on Green Natural Gas G Black on Yellow Compressed Air CA Black on Yellow Laboratory Vacuum VAC White on Blue Oxygen O2 White on Green Carbon Dioxide CO2 White or Black on Gray Helium HE White on Brown Nitrogen N2 White on Black

F. EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION 1. Numbers for major mechanical equipment such as air handlers, chillers and pumps should be unique

within a building and continue the sequence established by existing equipment. As an example, if air handlers AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3 already exist, then a new air handler should be named AC-4 (not AC-1 or AHU-4 or ACU-4). Although many equipment designators are presently used through the University, the A/E is encouraged to use the designators listed below, where possible. All major equipment shall be labeled using this designator, engraved on a plastic label and permanently affixed to the unit. Where the first equipment item on a project is not named “..-1”, the equipment schedule should note that all equipment with names preceding it are existing.

2. All small equipment intended to appear on test and balance reports, including VAV boxes, should be

identified on design drawings with a unique number consistent with that labeled in field. Drawing I.D. & Drawing I.D. & Equip. Label Equipment Equip. Label Equipment ACC air cooled condenser TE toilet exhaust AHU air handling unit GE general exhaust fan CH chiller GWH gas-fired water heater CHWP chilled water pump HTX heat exchanger CP condensate pump HWB hot water boiler CT cooling tower HWHP hot water heating pump CUH cabinet unit heater P pump (other than those listed) CWP condenser water pump RF return fan EWH electric water heater SB steam boiler FHEX fume hood exhaust fan SF supply fan FP fire pump UH unit heater RHC reheat coil VP vacuum pump VAV variable air volume box CV constant air volume box VAVRH variable air volume box with reheat RV constant air volume box with reheat 3. Identify mechanical equipment by means of nameplates permanently attached to the equipment.

Provide black surface, white core laminated bakelite with engraved letters. Minimum size plates 3” long by 1” wide with white letters 3/8” high for smaller equipment.

4. Larger equipment such as air handling units, chillers and cooling tower, the lettering shall be a

minimum of ¼” wide by 6” high. Attach nameplates in a permanent manner in a location that will be


clearly visible after installation is complete. 5. Mask all labels prior to field painting of equipment. Labels that are painted over will be replaced by

Contractor at no cost to the Owner. G. DUCTWORK LABELING 1. Ductwork mains and all fume hood exhaust ductwork require labeling or stenciling. 2. Ductwork identification should be installed at all access panels or doors, both sides of floors,

ceilings and walls, all major changes in direction, and on straight lengths of duct every 40 feet. 3. Duct identification shall include associated equipment and service (supply, return, return/exhaust,

exhaust outside air) onto ducts at strategic locations. Provide arrows to show direction of flow, e.g., “Supply (AHU-1) or “return/exhaust” (RF-4).

4. Stenciling to be done after insulation and other duct coverings are completed. 5. Systems on which duct identification has been covered or is otherwise not visible will not be

accepted. H. PAINTING 1. In general, painting of mechanical components is to be done where needed for component

protection, housekeeping or aesthetics, not for identification of mechanical systems with the exception that all fire protection piping shall be painted red.

2. In concealed areas, including shafts and above acoustic ceilings, paint is not required for most

piping and ductwork. In exposed areas, including mechanical equipment rooms and labs with no ceilings, paint uninsulated pipe and ductwork the same color as the background ceiling. Insulated pipe and ductwork does not require paint, unless called for by Project Manager for aesthetic reasons.

3. Exterior Paint uninsulated pipe and ductwork the same color as the background building, or complementary

color as approved by the University. Insulated pipe and ductwork does not require paint, provided insulation material does not require paint for protection. Depending on visibility, insulated pipe and duct, and mechanical equipment may be painted to match background, as instructed by Project Manager.

4. Historic Columbia Facilities colors for piping systems are: HVAC PIPING Service Color Designation High Pressure Steam Orange HPS Medium Pressure Steam Orange MPS Low Pressure Steam Orange LPS Pumped Condensate Orange PR Chilled Water Supply Blue CHWS Chilled Water Return Cyan CHWR


Secondary Chilled Water Supply Magenta CHWS Secondary Chilled Water Return Magenta CHWR Condenser Water Supply Green CWS Condenser Water Return Green CWR Hot Water Supply Orange HWS Hot Water Return Orange HWR Compressed Air Controls Green CCA Fuel Oil Supply Black FOS Fuel Oil Return Black FOR PLUMBING PIPING Service Color Designation Compressed Air Green CA Drain Brown DR Natural Gas Magenta GAS Hydrogen Yellow H2 Nitrogen Blue N2 Oxygen Yellow O2 Vacuum Yellow VAC Domestic Cold Water (Potable) Cyan DCWS Domestic Hot Water (Potable) Orange DHWS Domestic Hot Water Return Orange DHWR Lab Cold Water (Non-Potable) Cyan LCWS Lab Hot Water (Non-Potable) Orange LHWS Deionized Water Green DI FIRE PROTECTION PIPING Service Color Designation Sprinkler Red SPRINKLER Standpipe Red STANDPIPE Halon Red HALON

15251-1 Pipe Insulation 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15251 PIPE INSULATION FOR HVAC SYSTEMS A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying pipe insulation and

accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. Manufacturer’s Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of mechanical insulation

products, of types and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar services for not less than 10 years.

2. Installer’s Qualifications: Firms with at least 5 years successful installation experience on projects

with mechanical insulation systems similar to that required for this project. 3. Composite pipe insulation (insulation covers, jackets and adhesive) should have fire and smoke

hazard ratings as tested by procedure ASTM E-84, NFPA 255 and UL 723 not exceeding a flame spread index of 25 and smoke developed index of 50 or less.

C. DESIGN CRITERIA 1. Comply with more stringent of following latest edition of Energy Conservation and Construction

Code of New York State, ASHRAE and this Guideline. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Provide product data identifying thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets, insulating elements,

mastics and adhesives for each product indicated and manufacturer’s installation instructions. E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Insulation should be applied to clean, dry surfaces at ambient room conditions. Do not install

damaged insulation. Damaged insulation should be removed from the job site. Any water-damaged insulation shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost.

2. Insulation on cold surfaces where vapor barrier jackets are used should be applied with a

continuous, unbroken vapor seal. Hangers, supports, anchors, etc. that are secured directly to cold piping should be adequately insulated and vapor sealed to prevent condensation.

3. The use of duct tape for patching insulation is prohibited. 4. Insulation should not be installed until the piping system has been tested to the satisfaction of the

University, and is signed off. 5. Existing insulation damaged or removed shall be replaced with material and workmanship as that

specified for the new work.


F. SPECIFIC INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Insulation Thickness and Type

Service Pipe Size Thickness Runouts* Type High Pressure Steam (above 15 psig)

Up to 1½” 2” & Larger

2½” 3”

- -

A A

Low Pressure Steam (15 psig & below)


1½” 3”

1 1½””

B B

Steam Condensate Return (above 15 psig)


1½” 2½”

- -

A A

Steam Condensate Return (15 psig & below) Pumped Condensate Hot Water (Heating)


1½” 2”

1” 1½”

B B

Chilled Water Up to 1½” 2” & Larger

1” 1½””

¾”” 1”

C C

Refrigerant Up to 1½” 2” & Larger

1” 1½”

- -

D D

AC Unit Drains and other piping subject to sweating

All ¾” - C

*Runouts is piping directly connected to a terminal unit and not exceeding 6’-0” in length. a. Type A Calcium Silicate For Hot Pipes

1) All high pressure (above 15 psig) steam and condensate return piping and fittings should be insulated with 11 lb/ft3 calcium silicate insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.41 at 200°F. mean temperature. Glass cloth should be applied on insulation with an approved adhesive and secured with aluminum bands 12” on center.

2) Insulate fittings, flanges, valves, etc. for services where calcium silicate insulation with mineral wool cement of equal thickness to the pipe insulation and finished with glass cloth.

b. Type B Glass Fiber For Hot Pipes

1) Insulation shall be glass fiber with a maximum thermal conductivity of .24 at 75°F. mean temperature with factory applied all-service jacket.

2) Insulation shall be rigid, molded, one-piece, fiberglass insulation that is bonded with thermosetting resin, similar to Manville Micro-Lok with AP-T Plus Jacket.

3) The longitudinal lap of the All Purpose Jacket shall have a pressure sensitive tape lap sealing system. Butt joints shall be sealed using manufacturer supplied butt strips.

4) Insulation shall be capable of continuous service at a pipe temperature of 450°F. without oxidation, burnout of binders, or development of odors or smoke.

5) All fittings, valves, flanges and pipe terminations.

a) Where manufactured, use factory premolded fittings (of the same material and thickness as the pipe insulation) for fittings, flanges and valves.

b) Where premolded insulation fittings are not manufactured, insulate fittings, flanges and valves with mitered segments of the same density as


the adjoining pipe covering. c) Flange insulation shall extend a minimum of 1” beyond the end of the

bolts, and the bolt area shall be filled with mineral wool cement.

c. Type C Glass Fiber For Cold Pipes

1) Same material and application techniques as Type B with the following addition. Vapor Barrier Jacket: Seal longitudinal joints with vapor barrier adhesive, transverse joints sealed with vapor barrier strips and adhesives. Ends of pipe insulation sealed off with vapor barrier adhesive at all flanges, valves and fittings, and at not more than 20 feet on continuous runs of pipe.

2) Maintain integrity of vapor barrier jackets on pipe insulation, and protect to prevent puncture or other damage. Special care must be made to maintain the vapor barrier at PVC fittings and with pipe covered with aluminum jackets.

3) Cover valves, fittings and similar items in each piping system with insulation as applied to adjoining pipe run. Extra care must be taken on piping appurtenances to insure a tight fit to the piping system. Valve extension stems require elastomeric insulation that is tight-fitting to the adjoining fiberglass system insulation. Pumps, strainers, air separators, drain valves, etc. must be totally encapsulated with elastomeric insulation.

4) All fittings, valves, flanges and pipe terminations a) Where manufactured, use factory premolded fittings (of the same material

and thickness as the pipe insulation) for fittings, flanges and valves. b) Where premolded insulation fittings are not manufactured, insulate

fittings, flanges and valves with mitered segments of the same density as the adjoining pipe covering.

c) Flange insulation shall extend a minimum of 1” beyond the end of the bolts, and the bolt area shall be filled with mineral wool cement.

d. Type D Foam Insulation

1) Insulation shall be premolded flexible elastomeric foam plastic with 2 lb/ft3 density and maximum thermal conductivity of .030 at mean temperature of 100°F. suitable operating range between -40°F. to 200°F.

2) Slip pipe insulation over pipe or slit the insulation and apply around pipe. Insulate fittings and valves with fabricated covers of some thickness. Miter all joints and seal with adhesive. Longitudinal seams to be located on top centerline of pipe.

2. Non-Fire-Rated Penetrations

Wherever piping penetrates walls, partitions, floor slabs, etc., the space between the piping and the sleeve shall be packed with filler and sealed with type non-hardening compound, complying with UL 1479 (ASTM E-814) and UL 723.

3. Fire-Rated Penetrations

Piping through fire-rated walls and slabs shall be provided with a Schedule 40 steel pipe sleeve. Insulation is to be omitted through the fire rated wall and slabs and the annular space between the sleeve and pipe shall be filled to prevent flame spread. Refer to Firestopping Section.

4. Protection of Insulation


a. Protect pipe covering at hangers, guides, and roller supports with 16 gauge galvanized metal shields or saddles (at least 3 times the insulation diameter in length and 1/3 the insulation circumference in width) on the outside of the insulation and vapor barrier. Hold shields in place with straps. Do not pierce the insulation with hangers. Fill each pipe covering protection saddle with same insulation as specified for respective pipe or with suitable insulating cement.

b. Insulation “inserts” shall be installed at hangers for glass fiber insulated piping 3” and larger and as an option to reduce shield length on pipes below 3”. Inserts between the pipe and pipe hangers shall consist of either high density fiberglass (7 lb/ft3) or calcium silicate insulation of equal thickness to the adjoining insulation and shall be provided with vapor barrier where required. Inserts shall have sufficient compressive strength so that when used in combination with a sheet metal shield, they support the weight of the pipe and the fluid in it without crushing the insulation.

c. Shield Lengths

Pipe Diameter

Shield Length With Insert

Shield Length Without Insert

3” and below 6” 12” 4” to 6” 8” 18” 8” and larger 12” 24”

d. Inserts shall be a minimum of 6” longer than shield length, be half round where pipe is hung

and full round where clamped. A second shield will be required on clamped pipes that have vapor barriers.

e. Pipes Subject To Freezing and Piping Exposed to Outdoors: Cover any piping subject to freezing with an additional layer of 2” glass fiber insulation of the same finish scheduled for the particular service when not subject to freezing, but not less than 3” total thickness. Cover insulated piping exposed to outdoors in addition to finishes scheduled with an aluminum jacket similar to Manville “Metal-Lok” or as approved, including all fittings.

f. Insulate heat-traced pipes as indicated for pipes subject to freezing. Cover with an aluminum jacket, as specified for piping exposed to the outdoors.

g. Exposed insulated piping within 36” of a mechanical equipment room floor and other open areas subject to abuse such as parking garages shall be protected with an aluminum insulation jacket similar to “Johns-Manville” “Metal-Lok.”

G. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Pipe Insulation Type A Calcium Silicate a. Owens-Corning, Kaylo 10 b. Manville, Thermo 12 2. Pipe Insulation Types B and C Glass Fiber a. Owens-Corning, Type 25 ASJ b. Knauf – Pipe Insulation With ASJ c. Certainteed – Type 500 Snap-on with ASJ d. Manville – Micro-Lok 650 With AP-T Plus Jacket


3. Pipe Insulation Type D Foam Insulation a. Armstrong – Type AP ARMAFLEX b. Nomaco, Inc. – Type THERMA-CEL 4. Pipe Inserts a. Grinnell b. B-Line c. F & S 5. PVC Covering, Elbows and Fittings a. Protto b. Zeston c. Ceelco 6. Shields a. Grinnell Figure 186

15252-1 Duct Insulation 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15252 DUCT AND BREECHING INSULATION FOR HVAC SYSTEMS A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying duct insulation and





with mechanical insulation systems similar to that required for this project. 3. All insulation should have composite (insulation, jacket and adhesive) fire and smoke hazard

ratings as tested by procedure ASTM E-84, NFPA 255 and UL 723 not exceeding a flame spread of 25 and smoke developed of 50.


Code of New York State, ASHRAE and this Guideline. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Provide product data identifying thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets, insulating elements,

mastics and adhesives for each product indicated and manufacturer’s installation instructions. E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Insulation should be applied to clean, dry surfaces. Do not install damaged insulation. Damaged

insulation shall be removed from the job site. Any water-damaged insulation shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost.



3. The use of duct tape for patching insulation is prohibited. 4. Insulation should not be installed until the duct system has been tested to the satisfaction of the

University and signed off. 5. Install insulation products in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions, and in

accordance with recognized industry practices to ensure that insulation serves the intended purpose.


6. Maintain integrity of vapor barrier on ductwork insulation, and protect it to prevent puncture and other damage. Where punctures occur, patch tears with a tape of the same facing. Excessive damage will require the insulation to be replaced.

7. Do not insulate lined or double wall ductwork. F. SPECIFIC INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Insulation Thickness and Type a. Supply air ductwork used for heating and/or cooling from air handing unit discharge to air

distribution outlets shall be 1 ½” Type A. For concealed ducts and 1” Type B for exposed ducts.

b. Return ductwork in non-conditioned spaces shall be insulated similar to supply air ductwork. Return ductwork does not require insulation in ceilings of conditioned spaces.

c. All outside air intake (OAI) plenums and ductwork shall be insulated with 2” Type B. Concealed Outdoor Air Intake ductwork outside confines of mechanical equipment room can utilize 2” Type A.

d. All exhaust air plenums and ductwork shall be insulated with 2” Type B. Concealed exhaust discharge ductwork outside confines of mechanical equipment room can utilize 2” Type A.

e. Type A Flexible Duct Insulation 1) Flexible duct insulation shall be 1.5 lbs/ft3 density glass fiber insulation with a

maximum thermal conductivity of 0.24 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in., at a mean temperature of 75°F. Insulation shall have a reinforced, foil-faced, flame-resistant, Kraft vapor barrier.

2) Insulation shall be secured with duct adhesive and wire-wrapped on 12” centers. All joints shall be sealed by adhering a 2” sealing lap at all joints with vapor barrier adhesive or 3” strips of vapor barrier jacket applied with vapor barrier adhesive.

f. Type B Rigid Duct Insulation 1) Rigid duct insulation shall be 4.2 lbs/ft3 density rigid glass fiber insulation, with

a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.24 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in. at a mean temperature of 75°F. Insulation shall have a white reinforced foil vapor barrier facing.

2) Insulation shall be impaled over welded pins applied to duct surface on 12” to 18” centers. Use a minimum of two rows of fasteners on each side of duct. Secure insulation with suitable speed washers or clips firmly imbedded into insulation. All joints and breaks in the vapor barrier shall be sealed with 3” wide strips of the vapor barrier facing adhered with vapor barrier adhesive.

2. Non-Fire-Rated Penetrations

Wherever ductwork penetrates walls, partitions, floor slabs, etc., the space between the piping and the sleeve shall be packed with filler and sealed with type non-hardening compound, complying with UL 1479 (ASTM E-814) and UL 723.


3. Fire-Rated Penetrations

Cold ducts passing through fire-rated walls and slabs shall be provided with a steel sleeve. Insulation is to be omitted through the fire rated wall and slabs and the annular space between the sleeve and duct shall be filled to prevent flame spread. Refer to Firestopping Section.

4. Protection of Insulation

a. Outdoor ductwork should be weatherproofed with an emulsion type material, Johns-Manville Insulkote ET (black), or equal. 1) Apply one coat of Insulkote Primer E over calcium silicate, mineral fiber,

fiberglass, etc. 2) Apply one 1/8 inch coat of Insulkote ET while primer is still tacky. Cover with one

inch hexagonal wire mesh or open weave grass cloth and cover with second 1/8 inch coat while first coat is still tacky.

G. INSULATION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS INCLUDING BREECHING,

KITCHEN EXHAUST AND EMERGENCY GENERATOR EXHAUST PIPE 1. High temperature applications should be insulated with 11 lbs/ft.3 calcium silicate insulation with a

maximum thermal conductivity of 0.42 at a mean temperature of 20°F. Thickness is dependent upon exhaust temperature but no less than 4” thick.

2. Cut insulation to fit the shape and contour of the breeching.

3. Secure insulation to breeching with No. 16 gauge galvanized wire of ½ inch galvanized strapping spaced 18 inches on centers maximum.

4. Fill all joints with mineral wool cement.

5. Apply a ¼ inch layer of insulating cement troweled to a smooth finish.

6. For kitchen exhaust ducts exposed in finished spaces, cover the cement finish with glass cloth set in adhesive.

7. Sections of equipment requiring periodic servicing shall be insulated with aluminum covers lined with the same thickness of material as the adjoining insulation.

H. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Flexible Glass Fiber Duct Insulation a. Owens-Corning Fiberglass – Foil-faced duct wrap. b. Knauf – Type FSK. c. Schuller – Type 800 duct board. d. Certainteed – Type iB600


2. Rigid Glass Fiber Duct Insulation a. Owens-Corning – Type ASJ-705 b. Schuller – Type 800 duct board c. Certainteed – Type iB600 3. High Temperature Applications Calcium Silicate a. Owens-Corning b. Schuller c. Pabco

15253-1 Equipment Insulation 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15253 EQUIPMENT INSULATION A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying equipment insulation and





with mechanical insulation systems similar to that required for this project. 3. All insulation should have composite (insulation, jacket and adhesive) fire and smoke hazard

ratings as tested by procedure ASTM E-84, NFPA 255 and UL 723 not exceeding a flame spread of 25 and smoke developed of 50.


Code of New York State, ASHRAE and this Guideline. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENT 1. Submit product data identifying thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets (both factory and field

applied, if any) insulating cements, mastics and adhesives for each type of product indicated and manufacturer’s installation instructions.

2. Submit shop drawings showing fabrication and installation details for the following: a. Field application for each equipment type. b. Removable insulation sections at access panels. c. Application of field-applied jackets. d. Special shapes for cellular-glass insulation. E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Insulation should be applied to clean, dry surfaces. Do not install damaged insulation. Damaged

insulation shall be removed from the job site. Any water-damaged insulation shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost.




3. The use of duct tape for patching insulation is prohibited. 4. Install equipment thermal insulation products in accordance with manufacturer’s written

instructions, and in compliance with recognized industry practices to ensure that insulation serves the intended purpose.

5. Install insulation materials with smooth and even surfaces and on clean and dry surfaces. Redo

poorly fitted joints. Do not use mastic or joint sealer as filler for gapping joints and excessive voids resulting from poor workmanship.

6. Maintain integrity of vapor barrier on equipment insulation and protect it to prevent puncture and

other damage. 7. Do not apply insulation to equipment while hot or cold. 8. Apply insulation using the staggered joint method for both single and double layer construction,

where feasible. Apply each layer of insulation separately. 9. Coat insulated surfaces with layer of insulating cement, troweled in workmanlike manner, leaving a

smooth continuous surface. Fill in scored block, seams, chipped edges and depressions, and cover over wire netting and joints with cement of sufficient thickness to remove surface irregularities.

10. Cover fiberglass insulated surfaces with all-service jacketing neatly fitted and firmly secured. Lap

seams at least 2”. Apply over vapor barrier where applicable. 11. Do not insulate manholes, handholes, cleanouts, ASME stamp, and manufacturer’s nameplate.

Provide neatly beveled edge at interruptions of insulation. 12. Provide removable insulation sections to cover parts of equipment that must be opened

periodically for maintenance; include metal vessel covers, fasteners, flanges, frames and accessories.

13. Protect outdoor insulation from weather by installation of weather-barrier mastic protective finish,

or jacketing, as recommended by the manufacturer. E. SPECIFIC INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. Tank Enclosures and Accessories a. Semi-rigid tank insulation shall be 3 lb/ft3 density glass fiber insulation with a maximum

thermal conductivity of 0.30 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in, as a mean temperature of 200°F., unfaced. b. Service: Thickness: Inline air separators 1” Irregularly shaped pipe accessories 1” Shell and tube heat exchangers Greater than 200°F. in shell 2” Less than 200°F. in shell 1” Domestic water storage tank 1” Condensate pump receivers 1” Expansion tank 1” Flash tank 1”


c. Point joints with lagging cement prior to application of finish. Finish with two layers of 8

oz. glass mesh weave. Coat each layer with vapor barrier adhesive. d. Insulation shall be fastened with welded pins or stick clips on flat surfaces and with

stainless steel bands on irregular surfaces. Note: Do not weld attachment pins to ASME rated heat exchangers.

e. Provide removable insulation segments at heat exchanger heads to allow removal and reinstallation of tube bundles.

2. Pump Enclosures (Chilled Water, Secondary Water, Condenser Water) a. Encase pumps in No. 20 gauge removable aluminum (or 18 gauge galvanized) cover lined

with two inch thick 6 lb/ft3 density rigid glass fiber insulation with a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.30 BTU/hr-ft2-°F.-in at a mean temperature of 75°F.

b. Fabricate the enclosure with a division coinciding with the pump split case so that part of the enclosure can be removed and the pump serviced and dismantled without destroying the insulation.

c. Fill voids in the interior of the insulated enclosure with scraps of fiberglass insulation. d. Vapor seal closure joints of metal casing. 3. Chillers, Absorbers and Boilers a. Manufacturer of equipment shall provide factory installed and applied insulation on all

hot and cold surfaces. b. Water Boxes 1) Insulate water boxes with one inch thick closed cell panel cut and mitered to

conform to the water box geometry. Spacing behind flange plate shall have insulation built up to height equal to that of the flange plate with minimum width of three inches.

2) Prefabricate removable, 20 gauge aluminum cover for water box head plate, lined with one inch thick closed cell panel. Cover shall be constructed for a snug fit over water box flanges to a point even with built up insulation behind flange plate.

3) Vapor seal fixed closure joints of metal cover. F. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Tank Enclosures and Accessories – Semi-Rigid Glass Fiber a. Owens-Corning – Type 703 b. Certainteed – Type IB c. Knauf – Type elevated temperature board d. Manville – Type Spin Glass 2. Pump Enclosures – Rigid Glass Fiber a. Owens-Corning – Type 705 b. Manville – Type 800 c. Certainteed – Type iB600

15542-1 Water Treatment 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15542 WATER TREATMENT A. GENERAL

All chemicals used for the cleaning and treatment of utility water systems at the University must meet the following criteria:

1. All chemicals must be ecologically acceptable so that any discharge or spill will not create any

environmental problem. 2. In order to minimize the exposure of personnel and equipment to potentially hazardous conditions,

all chemicals used for water treatment should not be toxic. 3. The use of any chemicals for water treatment must have prior approval of the University’s

environmental personnel and facilities management. Material Safety Data Sheets and Product Data Sheets should be submitted for their evaluation.

4. All chemicals must be approved for use in New York City. The use of chromate-based chemicals

is specifically prohibited. B. PROCEDURES As a minimum, the following procedures must be followed:- 1. Cleaning of all systems: Fill the system and add standard 12% hypochlorite bleach (approximately

one quart of bleach per 10,000 gallons of water) for a residual of 2-3 ppm of chlorine. Test for concentration. Add a general dispersant such as Drewsperse 738 at 500-1000 ppm (approximately 7 gallons of Drewsperse per 10,000 gallons of water) for mud, silt and microbiological matter. This solution should be circulated for a minimum of eight hours and then emptied into the sanitary waste system.

2. Secondary hot water systems: Corrosion inhibitor for hot water systems shall be a combination of

sodium molybdate, sodium hydroxide, polytriozole and organic polymers, and compatible with Drewguard 315. The concentration of the solution should be approximately 100 ppm of molybdate (approximately 10 gallons of Drewguard 315 per 10,000 gallons of water).

3. For treatment of chilled water systems that are not isolated from the main campus chilled water

loop, contact Plant Engineering personnel. 4. Chilled water systems that are isolated from the main campus chilled water loop should be treated

as described in Paragraph 2 (Secondary Hot Water Systems).

15545-1 Chilled Water System 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15545 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM A. GENERAL 1. The campus chilled water system presently serves the main campus of the University. Buildings

on the east campus are served by individual chiller plants, generally located within the buildings themselves.

2. Chilled water distribution within some buildings is via a secondary chilled water pumping system;

other buildings utilize the main chilled water loop pressure to deliver primary loop water. 3. Isolation valves must be provided where supply and return piping enters the building. Isolation

valves should be motorized high performance butterfly valves as manufactured by Jamesbury, Rockwell, L&G Powers or Duriron. The valves will be under the control of the Campus Building Management System.

4. Provide chilled water meter at each building and tie into centralized system down stream of

isolation valve, in accordance with 15170. Chilled water usage is monitored and recorded by the campus data acquisition system.

5. The University has a computer hydraulic model of the entire chilled water system that provides

information on flows, pressures, etc. This information is maintained by an independent consultant. This model shall be utilized where the use of centralized chilled water is planned to determine subsequent system-wide effects.

6. Chilled water is presently available from April 15 thru November 1. B. DESIGN GUIDELINES 1. The designer’s goal should be to design a system that can function as close as possible to variable

flow, constant temperature drop over the entire load range. 2. Buildings with high static heads should not be directly connected to the chilled water system, but

hydraulically isolated via a plate heat exchanger(s). 3. All piping and components installed in the chilled water system must be rated for and tested to 200

psig. 4. Chilled water coils should be selected for an entering water temperature of 45°F and a 16°F

temperature rise. 5. Fan coil units should have 3 row coil high capacity coils.

15720-1 Modular Air Handling Units 12-15-03

DIVISION 15

15720 MODULAR AIR HANDLING UNITS

A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying modular air handling units and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes modular central station air-handling units with coils.

3. The decision to use modular central station air handling units versus custom will be made on a project-by-project basis. However, for general duty up to approximately 20,000 CFM modular is acceptable.

B. REFERENCE STANDARDS

1. Electrical component devices and accessories should be listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70,

Article 100.

2. Modular indoor air-handling units and components should be designed, fabricated, and installed in compliance with NFPA 90A, “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”

3. Modular air handling units and their components should be factory tested according to ARI 430,

“Central-Station Air-Handling Units,” and should be listed and labeled by ARI. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1. The Engineer will submit pressure drop calculations justifying the static pressure selection for each unit upon the University’s request.

2. The Engineer will submit a psychometric chart for each air handling unit with the following temperatures plotted: outside and indoor design condition, entering and leaving coil conditions and room sensible heat factor line, for each unit upon the University’s request.

3. Indicate on machine room drawings an accurately scaled air handling unit, include with subdivisions indicating individual sections and access sections.

4. Indicate coil pull space on Drawings. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Product data should be submitted for each air-handling unit specified, including the following:

a. Certified fan-performance curves with system operating conditions indicated. b. Certified fan-sound power ratings. c. Certified coil-performance ratings with system operating conditions indicated. d. Motor ratings and electrical characteristics plus motor and fan accessories. e. Material gauges and finishes. f. Filters with performance characteristics. g. Dampers, including housings, linkages, and operators.


2. Shop drawings should be submitted from the manufacturer detailing equipment assemblies and indicating dimensions, weights, loadings, required clearances, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection.

3. Wiring diagrams should be submitted detailing wiring for power and control systems and

differentiating between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring. E. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1. When sizing air handling unit, the Engineer shall include in their consideration duct leakage (55°),

resistance to loaded filters, and additional capacity. 2. Designer shall coordinate the locations of AHU’s with consideration to objectionable noise and access.

Units located on other than slab on grade, shall be supported on materials that provide a sound deadening mass. Maximum structural deflection shall not exceed ¼:

3. When variable airflows are required, use variable frequency drives, not inlet vanes. 4. Specify air blenders wherever the risk of air stratification can occur. 5. Insure that the steam coil location or unit mounting height above the floor will allow a minimum

vertical drop of 12” from the discharge of the steam coil to the trap inlet. The discharge from the steam trap shall then be pitched away from the trap so it can drain by gravity. Vertical lifts are not allowed.

6. Coordinate with the plumbing designer so that there is a floor drain in the immediate proximity of the

AHU cooling coil. Arrange piping so that it does not create a trip hazard. 7. Design installation of units to allow access space around air handling units for service and maintenance

and to allow a coil replacement. The isolation valves shall be arranged in such a way that they can be closed and piping between the valve and coil can be removed and the coil pulled out and replaced.

8. Cooling coils should not be selected for velocity exceeding 500 feet per minute. Where velocities are

higher moisture eliminators should be considered to minimize potential of moisture carry over. 9. Heating coils should not be selected for velocities exceeding 600 FPM. F. GENERAL AHU REQUIREMENTS 1. AHU’s shall be entirely of double wall galvanized steel construction (conforming to ASTM A525

(G90)). 2. AHU’s shall be fully assembled by the manufacturer in the factory in accordance with the arrangement

shown on the drawings. The unit shall be assembled into the largest sections possible subject to shipping and rigging restrictions.

3. Structural Rigidity: Provide structural reinforcement when required by span or loading so that the

deflection of the assembled structure shall not exceed L/200 of the span when the unit is operating at a differential static pressure of 1 ½ times the design static pressure but not less than 8” water gauge minimum. In addition to all mechanical dead loads, exterior units shall be designed to a minimum of a simultaneous 50 psf roof live load and 20 psf wind load, or as required by code, whether or not the unit is operating.


4. All piping connections for the unit shall be run to outside the casing from the factory. Grommets and other air seals shall be installed by the factory.

5. AHU cross sectional area shall be consistent throughout units length. Coil extensions outside unit

profile are not acceptable. G. UNIT CASING 1. Formed and reinforced galvanized 18 gauge outer steel panels and floor, fabricated to allow removal

for access to internal parts and components, with joints between sections sealed. Panels shall be removable without affecting the structure of the unit.

2. 20 gauge solid galvanized steel liner in all sections, except fan and discharge sections shall be

perforated. Floor liner is below unit to hold and protect insulation. 3. Access panels and doors shall have the same materials, thickness, construction, and finishes as the

cabinet and be complete with hinges, latches, handles, and gaskets. All doors shall have a 9” x 9” double pane view window. Door latch motion shall not exceed 180° and shall pull the panel snug to the frame door. Latches shall be metal.

4. Fan section shall have inspection and access panels and doors sized and located to allow periodic

maintenance and inspections. Access doors into plug fan shall open into the fan section. 5. Casing construction and finish for outdoor units shall be suitable for exterior, rooftop installation with

no leakage or other weather penetration. Roof shall have canting to allow proper draining. Provide structural reinforcement when required by span or loading so that the deflection of the assembled structure shall not exceed L/200 of the span when the unit is operating at a differential static pressure of 1 ½ times the design static pressure. In addition to all mechanical dead loads, exterior units shall be designed to a minimum of a simultaneous 50 psf roof live load and 20 psf wind load, or as required by code, whether or not the unit is operating. Units shall be finished with an exterior grade paint, color selection by University Architect.

6. When tested in accordance with ASTM-B-117, the unit shall withstand 125 hour salt spray solution

(5%) without any sign of rust. 7. Unit shall be designed such that when the modules are connected together, the gasket seal shall be

made tighter. H. UNIT BASE 1. The entire unit shall be mounted on factory fabricated or field erected continuous, base rail channels,

or a housekeeping pad. 2. Outdoor units will be mounted onto the roof curb or steel dunnage, depending upon specific project

requirements. I. COILS 1. Cooling and heating coils shall be factory tested for rating in accordance with ARI 410 – Standard for

Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils.


2. Coil section shall be designed and constructed to facilitate removal of coil for maintenance and replacement and to assure full air flow through coils. All coils shall be drainable, rigidly supported across the full face of the coil, and pitched to allow drainage.

3. Fins should not be spaced more than 11 per inch. 4. Coils should be proof tested to 300 psig and leak tested to 200 psig air pressure under water. 5. Water Coils

a. All coil capabilities, pressure drops and selections procedures should be certified in accordance with ARI Standard 410.

b. Plate fin type coils are preferred. c. Water coils should have 5/8” O.D., 0.035” thick copper tubes with aluminum plate fins.

Headers should be round copper pipe. Steel pipe headers are unacceptable. Coil frames should be galvanized steel.

d. Chilled water coils that utilize central campus chilled water should be selected for a temperature rise of 16F (45°F – 61°F).

e. Coils shall have a threaded connection for air vent at high point in header.

6. Steam Heating Coils

a. Distribution header coil fabricated according to ARI Standard 410. b. Non-freeze, distributing type steam coils should be pitched in the unit casing to allow for

proper drainage of steam condensate. c. Tube arrangement should be 1” O.D. copper outer tube with 11/16” O.D. copper inner tube.

Headers should be cast iron with internal threaded connection. Steel pipe headers are unacceptable.

7. Refrigerant Coils

a. Direct-Expansion Refrigerant Coils: Designed and fabricated in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 15, “Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.” Provide seamless copper suction headers and distributor tubes. Venturi-type refrigerant distributor, designed for low pressure drop, arranged for down feed with solder connections, and having a maximum of 12 circuits for each distributor. Coils with more than 12 circuits shall have two distributors. Split circuit coils shall have two distributors.

b. Coils shall be burst tested to 450 psig and proof tested to 300 psig air pressure under water. c. After testing, insides of coils are to be dried, all connections are to be sealed, and coil shall

be shipped with a charge of dry nitrogen.

J. DRAIN PAN

1. Drain pans should be formed sections of 316 stainless steel (where not available provide 10 gauge galvanized steel). The drain pan shall be sloped in two directions with the lowest single point at the drain connection(s). The cooling coil shall have a full width, sloped drain pan that extends downstream of the coil to provide sufficient amount of space to collect moisture carryover.

2. Coils with finned height greater than 48” shall have an intermediate 316 stainless steel drain pan extending the entire length of the coil.

3. Drain pan to be located high enough to function at design static pressure, with a trap and 2 inch air gap to floor drain.


K. SUPPLY/RETURN FAN

1. Fan should be an AMCA rated double width, double inlet or plug centrifugal type mounted on a single shaft. Fan blades shall be backwardly inclined or backwardly curved air foil type. The University will consider using forward curves fans on systems less than 3,000 CFM.

2. The fan should be statically and dynamically balanced as an assembly, at the design RPM.

3. Fan drives should be of the “V” belt type, rated at 150 percent of maximum fan motor horsepower and should provide for adjustment of both belt tension and alignment. Belt speeds should not exceed 5100 fpm.

4. Provide variable-pitch sheaves on fans of 5 HP and smaller. Sheaves shall be cast iron, with multiple grooves for multi-belt applications.

5. Provide one spare sets of belts for each AHU fan.

6. The following factory tests are required: a. Sound power level ratings shall comply with AMCA Standard 301 “Method for Calculating

Fan Sound Ratings From Laboratory Test Data,” and shall be the result of tests made in accordance with AMCA Standard 300, “Test Code for Sound Rating.” Fans shall be licensed to bear the AMCA Certified Sound Ratings Seal.

b. Unit’s fans performance ratings for flow rate, pressure, power air density, speed of rotation, and efficiency shall be factory tested and ratings established in accordance with AMCA Standard 210/ASHRAE Standard 51 – Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating.

7. Fan section shall be equipped with a formed steel channel base for integral mounting of fan, motor,

and casing panels. Fan and motor shall be mounted on an independent frame with the frame mounted on spring vibration isolators to isolate fan and motor vibration from the unit frame with seismic restraints.

8. Grease-lubricated ball bearings selected for L (50) 200,000-hour average life, with grease fittings

extended to an accessible location outside the fan section.

9. Design fan drive for a 1.3 service factor and factory mounted with final alignment and belt adjustment made after installation.

10. See Section 15860 “Fans” for additional requirements. L. INSULATION

1. All factory fabricated air handling units should be factory insulated with 1” thick, 1-1/2 lb. density fiberglass insulation.

M. ACCESS SECTIONS

1. Access sections should be provided for access to filters, both faces of coils, and fan. Each access section should have a full height, hinged, removable access door of a sufficient size (18” x 48”) to accommodate a moderately sized man to service and repair the equipment. Each access door shall be properly gasketed to minimize air leakage. The door should have “Ventlock” style metal handles operable from the inside and outside.


2. All access sections should have a light and an 8” glass and wire inspection window. The light switch with red indicator light should be located externally adjacent to the door.

3. Access door swing should open in the direction of higher pressure. Doors that do not open against unit operating pressure shall be provided with safety “Ventlock” style latches that allow the door to open approximately three inches and then require approximately 45-degree further movement of the handle for complete opening. Latch shall be capable of restraining explosive opening of door with a force equal to minimum of 12” of differential static pressure of 1½ times operating differential pressure, whichever is greater. Latch motion shall not exceed 180 degrees and shall seal and pull the unit snug to frame.

N. ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

1. Vapor-proof lights using cast aluminum base style with glass globe and cast aluminum guard and 60 watt light bulb, shall be installed in each section where there is access for maintenance, including service vestibules and fan section. A switch with pilot light outside the unit shall control the lights in each compartment with a red pilot light mounted outside the respective compartment access door. Wiring between switches and lights shall be factory installed in metallic conduit. All wiring shall run in neatly installed electrical conduits and terminate in a junction box for a single point, 115 volt field connection to the building system.

2. Provide a factory wired convenience GFI duplex outlet next to one light switch. O. DAMPERS 1. Leakage rate according to AMCA 500 entitled “Laboratory Methods For Testing Dampers For Rating”

should not exceed 2% of air quantity at 2,000 fpm face velocity through damper and 4 inch w.g. pressure differential.

2. Outside air dampers should be low-leakage, double skin, airfoil-blade galvanized steel dampers with

compressible jamb seals and extruded-vinyl blade edge seals in opposed-blade arrangements with steel operating rods rotating in sintered bronze bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame, and with operating rods connected with a common linkage. Leakage rate should not exceed 5 cfm/sq. ft. at 1-inch w.g., and 9 cfm/sq.ft. at 4-inch w.g.

3. Face-and-bypass dampers should be opposed blade galvanized-steel dampers with steel operating rods

rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame and with operating rods connected with a common linkage. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and edge seals, and mechanically fasten to operating rod.

4. Multi-zone dampers should utilize two single-blade galvanized-steel dampers offset 90 degrees from each other on steel operating rod rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and edge seals, and mechanically fasten to operating rod.

5. Damper actuators shall be sized for 1 ½ times the actual damper required static pressure differential. Actuators subject to freezing temperatures shall be electric type.

P. FILTER SECTION 1. Filters should comply with NFPA 90A.

2. Provide filter holding frames arranged for flat or angular orientation, with access doors on both sides


of unit. Filters should be removable from one side. 3. Disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated, viscous-coated, flat panel-type, disposable air

filters with holding frames. Media shall be interlaced glass fibers sprayed with nonflammable adhesive. Frames should be galvanized steel with metal grid on outlet side, steel rod grid on inlet side, hinged, and with pull and retaining handles.

4. Extended-surface, disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface filters with hold frames. Medias should be fibrous material formed into deep-V shaped pleats and held by self-supporting with grid. Media and media-grid fame should be galvanized steel.

5. Extended surface, nonsupported-media filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface, self-supporting filters with holding frames. Media should be fibrous material constructed so individual pleats are maintained in tapered from by flexible internal supports under rated-airflow conditions. Filter-media frame should be galvanized steel.

6. Pre-filters shall be 30% efficient based on ASHRAE 52-76 test procedure.

7. Final filters to have an average efficiency rating of 85% as measured by ASHRAE Standard 52-68. Initial resistance not greater than 0.65” of W.G. at 500 feet per minute face velocity.

8. Install a differential pressure gauge (Magnehelic 2002AF) in all central air handling units across each set of filter banks. The sensing ports shall be so located on either side of the filter to provide an accurate average static pressure drop across the entire filter bank.

9. Furnish one additional complete set of pre and final filters for each air handling (AHU) unit. Q. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Trane Modular Series 2. Carrier 3. York

15725-1 Custom Air Handling Units 12-15-03

DIVISION 15

15725 CUSTOM AIR HANDLING UNITS

A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying custom air handling units and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes custom central station air-handling units with coils.

3. The decision to use custom air handling units or modular type will be made on a project by project basis. However, where special duty units and units above 20,000 CFM are required, custom is preferable.

B. REFERENCE STANDARDS

1. Electrical component devices and accessories should be listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article 100.

2. Custom air-handling units and components should be designed, fabricated, and installed in compliance

with NFPA 90A, “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”

3. Custom air-handling units and their components should be factory tested according to ARI 430, “Central-Station Air-Handling Units,” and should be listed and labeled by ARI.

C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. The Engineer will submit pressure drop calculations justifying the static pressure selection for each

unit upon the University’s request. 2. The Engineer will submit a psychometric chart for each air handling unit with the following

temperatures plotted: outside and indoor design condition, entering and leaving coil conditions and room sensible heat factor line, for each unit upon the University’s request.

3. Indicate on machine room drawings an accurately scaled air handling unit, include with subdivisions

indicating individual sections and access sections. 4. Indicate coil pull space on drawings. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Product data should be submitted for each air-handling unit specified, including the following:

a. Certified fan-performance curves with system operating conditions indicated. b. Certified fan-sound power ratings. c. Certified coil-performance ratings with system operating conditions indicated. d. Motor ratings and electrical characteristics plus motor and fan accessories. e. Material gauges and finishes. f. Filters with performance characteristics. g. Dampers, including housings, linkages, and operators.


2. Shop drawings should be submitted from the manufacturer detailing equipment assemblies and indicating dimensions, weights, loadings, required clearances, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection.

3. Wiring diagrams should be submitted detailing wiring for power and control systems and

differentiating between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring. E. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1. When sizing air handling unit, the Engineer shall include in their consideration duct leakage (55°),

resistance to loaded filters, and additional capacity. 2. Designer shall coordinate the locations of AHU’s with consideration to objectionable noise and access.

Units located on other than slab on grade, shall be supported on materials that provide a sound deadening mass. Maximum structural deflection shall not exceed ¼:

3. The space below roof top units shall be solid. Only duct, pipe and conduit openings are allowed under

the unit. Seal all openings with resilient type seal. 4. When variable airflows are required, use variable frequency drives, not inlet vanes. 5. Specify air blenders wherever the risk of air stratification can occur. 6. Insure that the steam coil location or unit mounting height above the floor will allow a minimum

vertical drop of 12” from the discharge of the steam coil to the trap inlet. The discharge from the steam trap shall then be pitched away from the trap so it can drain by gravity. Vertical lifts are not allowed.

7. Coordinate with the plumbing designer so that there is a floor drain in the immediate proximity of the

AHU cooling coil. Arrange piping so that it does not create a trip hazard. 8. Avoid fan speeds in excess of 2500 RPM. 9. Design installation of units to allow access space around air handling units for service and maintenance

and to allow a coil replacement. The isolation valves shall be arranged in such a way that they can be closed and piping between the valve and coil can be removed and the coil pulled out and replaced.

10. Cooling coils should not be selected for velocity exceeding 500 feet per minute. Where velocities are

higher moisture eliminators should be considered to minimize potential of moisture carry over. 11. Heating coils should not be selected for velocities exceeding 600 FPM. F. GENERAL AHU REQUIREMENTS 1. AHU’s shall be entirely of double wall galvanized steel construction (conforming to ASTM A525

(G90)). 2. AHU’s shall be fully assembled by the manufacturer in the factory in accordance with the arrangement

shown on the drawings. The unit shall be assembled into the largest sections possible subject to shipping and rigging restrictions.

3. At the University’s request, select units shall be fully assembled, factory tested and then split to

accommodate shipment and jobsite rigging. Clear instructions on how to assemble the unit shall be


provided. A manufacturer’s representative shall oversee assembly. 4. Structural Rigidity: Provide structural reinforcement when required by span or loading so that the

deflection of the assembled structure shall not exceed L/200 of the span when the unit is operating at a differential static pressure of 1 ½ times the design static pressure but not less than 8” water gauge minimum. In addition to all mechanical dead loads, exterior units shall be designed to a minimum of a simultaneous 50 psf roof live load and 20 psf wind load, or as required by code, whether or not the unit is operating.

5. All piping connections for the unit shall be run to outside the casing from the factory. Grommets and

other air seals shall be installed by the factory. 6. AHU cross sectional area shall be consistent throughout units length. Coil extensions outside unit

profile are not acceptable. G. CASING 1. AHU shall be designed and constructed such that removal of any panel shall not affect the structural

integrity of the unit. Plug panels may be used to enhance structural stability provided access space is not reduced. Panel shall be removable to allow service access.

2. Casing shall be double wall galvanized steel, minimum 2” thick, constructed of minimum 16 gauge

outer skin and 20 gauge solid inner skin. Provide perforated inner skin in the fan, supply discharge section and the return air sections.

3. Inner panel of floor shall be 16 gauge, with a 20 gauge insulation protector (below unit). 4. Provide blank-offs where required to insure no air bypass between sections, through perforated panels

or around coils or filters. Blank-offs shall be installed at each component of the AHU unit and also at the internal panels to prevent recirculation of the air through perforated panels. Seal any holes where bypass occurs.

5. AHU’s shall be designed to insure that there is no condensation on the exterior of the unit based on

outside design conditions. Through metal connections between inner and outer panels shall be kept to an absolute minimum. If tubular structural members are used inside of the tube shall be insulated equal to casing.

6. Provide adequate structural base members beneath floor in service access sections to support typical

service foot traffic and to prevent damage to unit floor or internal insulation. Unit floors in casing sections which may contain water or condensate shall be watertight with drain pan.

7. Exterior and interior panels shall be secured to the support channels with stainless steel or zinc-

chromate plated screws and gaskets installed around the panel perimeter. Panels shall be completely removable to allow removal of fan, coils, and other internal components for maintenance, repair, or modifications.

8. Casing construction and finish for outdoor units shall be suitable for exterior installation with no

leakage or other weathered penetration. Roofs shall be sloped to allow proper draining. Provide a ten year, non-prorated labor and material warranty protecting the owner for water leakage or material rusting.

9. Provide sealed sleeves or grommets with metal or plastic escutcheons for penetrations through casing

for pipes, wiring, and pneumatic tubing; coordinate number and location with electrical and


temperature control subcontractors. Coordinate lights, switches, duplex outlets and disconnect switch location and mounting. All field penetrations shall be neatly performed by drilling or saw cutting; cutting by torches is not allowed. Neatly seal all openings airtight. All piping connections shall be outside the casing from the factory.

10. Exterior of units shall be primed and painted color as directed by Owner/Owner’s representative at

time of purchase. Submit color chart. H. BASE 1. Provide a heavy-duty base for supporting all AHU major components. Bases shall be constructed of a

minimum 6” high wide-flange steel I-beams, channels, or minimum 3/16” wall tubular steel base members. Welded or bolted cross members shall be provided as required for lateral stability. Contractor shall provide supplemental steel supports as required to obtain proper operation heights for steam coil condensate and return trap.

2. AHU’s shall be completely self-supporting for installation on structural steel support frame as

appropriate. I. PIPE CHASE ENCLOSURE 1. Piping to roof top units must be protected with a weatherproof, insulated, piping enclosure furnished

with the units and extending down to the base of the unit. J. COILS 1. Cooling and heating coils shall be factory tested for rating in accordance with ARI 410 – Standard for

Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils. 2. Coil section shall be designed and constructed to facilitate removal of coil for maintenance and

replacement and to assure full air flow through coils. All coils shall be drainable, rigidly supported across the full face of the coil, and pitched to allow drainage.

3. Fins should not be spaced more than 11 per inch. 5. Coils should be proof tested to 300 psig and leak tested to 200 psig air pressure under water. 6. Water Coils

a. All coil capabilities, pressure drops and selections procedures should be certified in accordance with ARI Standard 410.

b. Plate fin type coils are preferred. c. Water coils should have 5/8” O.D., 0.035” thick copper tubes with aluminum plate fins.

Headers should be round copper pipe. Steel pipe headers are unacceptable. Coil frames should be galvanized steel.

d. Chilled water coils that utilize central campus chilled water should be selected for a temperature rise of 16F (45°F – 61°F).

e. Coils shall have threaded connection for air vent at high point in header. 7. Steam Heating Coils

a. Distribution header coil fabricated according to ARI Standard 410.


b. Non-freeze, distributing type steam coils should be pitched in the unit casing to allow for proper drainage of steam condensate.

c. Tube arrangement should be 1” O.D. copper outer tube with 11/16” O.D. copper inner tube. Headers should be cast iron with internal threaded connection. Steel pipe headers are unacceptable.

8. Refrigerant Coils

a. Direct-Expansion Refrigerant Coils: Designed and fabricated in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 15, “Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.” Provide seamless copper suction headers and distributor tubes. Venturi-type refrigerant distributor, designed for low pressure drop, arranged for down feed with solder connections, and having a maximum of 12 circuits for each distributor. Coils with more than 12 circuits shall have two distributors. Split circuit coils shall have two distributors.

b. Coils shall be burst tested to 450 psig and proof tested to 300 psig air pressure under water. c. After testing, insides of coils are to be dried, all connections are to be sealed, and coil shall

be shipped with a charge of dry nitrogen.

K. DRAIN PAN

1. Double wall drain pans should be formed sections of 316 stainless steel. The drain pan shall be sloped in two directions with the lowest single point at the drain connection(s). The cooling coil shall have a full width, sloped drain pan that extends downstream of the coil to provide sufficient amount of space to collect moisture carryover. The drain pan shall be double wall construction with a 316 stainless steel liner and have a minimum of 2” insulation. The pan shall have a minimum depth of 4 inches.

2. Coils with finned height greater than 48” shall have an intermediate 316 stainless steel drain pan extending the entire length of the coil.

3. Drain pan to be located high enough to function at design static pressure, with a trap and 2 inch air gap to floor drain.

L. SUPPLY/ RETURN FAN

1. Fan should be an AMCA rated double width, double inlet or plug centrifugal type mounted on a single shaft. Fan blades shall be backwardly inclined or backwardly curved air foil type only.

2. Supply fan shall be minimum Class II construction, double width, double inlet centrifugal air foil, or backward inclined type. Return fans shall be minimum Class II construction, vertical plenum fan. All fans shall be factory balanced and rated in accordance with AMCA 210.

3. Fan drives should be of the “V” belt type, rated at 150 percent of maximum fan motor horsepower and should provide for adjustment of both belt tension and alignment. Belt speeds should not exceed 5100 fpm.

4. Provide one spare sets of belts for each AHU fan.

5. Provide variable-pitch sheaves on fan 5 HP and smaller. Sheaves shall be cast-iron, with multiple grooves for multi belt applications.

6. The following factory tests are required:


a. Sound power level ratings shall comply with AMCA Standard 301 “Method for Calculating Fan Sound Ratings From Laboratory Test Data,” and shall be the result of tests made in accordance with AMCA Standard 300, “Test Code for Sound Rating.” Fans shall be licensed to bear the AMCA Certified Sound Ratings Seal.

b. Unit’s fans performance ratings for flow rate, pressure, power air density, speed of rotation, and efficiency shall be factory tested and ratings established in accordance with AMCA Standard 210/ASHRAE Standard 51 – Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating.

7. Fan section shall be equipped with a formed steel channel base for integral mounting of fan, motor,

and casing panels. Fan and motor shall be mounted on an independent frame with the frame mounted on spring vibration isolators to isolate fan and motor vibration from the unit frame with seismic restraints.

8. Provide self-aligning, pillow block, grease type ball-type bearings selected for a B(10) life of not less

than 80,000 hours and an L(50) average fatigue life of 400,000 hours per AFBMA Standard 9. Extend bearing grease lines to motor and drive side of fan section. Fan shall be located in air stream to assure proper air flow.

9. Design fan drive for a 1.3 service factor and factory mounted with final alignment and belt adjustment made after installation.

10. Fan drive and belts shall be factory mounted with final alignment and belt adjustment to be made by

the Contractor after installation. Unit manufacturer shall provide additional drive(s) if required during balancing, to achieve desired airflow.

11. See Section 15860 “Fans” for additional requirements. M. AIR BLENDER

1. A factory installed air blender should be provided on all air handling units, in order to decrease the possibility of air stratification.

N. INSULATION

1. The walls, roof and floor of the AHU shall be insulated. Insulation shall be held securely in position between the inner and outer skin of casing.

2. Insulation shall completely fill the void of the AHU casing, 1½ pound density for interior units, 3

pound density for exterior units, rigid glass fiber. Insulation shall meet ASTM 1071 requirements. Secure the insulation to prevent settling or separation.

O. ACCESS SECTIONS

1. Access sections should be provided for access to filters, both faces of coils, and fan. Each access section should have a full height, hinged removal access door of a sufficient size (18” x 48”) to accommodate a moderately sized man to service and repair the equipment. Each access door shall be properly gasketed to maximize air leakage. The door should have “Ventlock” style metal handles operable from the inside and outside.

2. All access sections should have a light and 8” glass and wire inspection window. The light switch with

red indicator light should be located externally adjacent to door.


3. Access door swing should open into direction of higher pressure. Doors that do not open against unit operating pressure are not acceptable.

P. ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING (FOR UNIT SECTIONS AND SERVICE VESTIBULE)

1. Vapor-proof lights using cast aluminum base style with glass globe and cast aluminum guard and 60 watt light bulb, shall be installed in each section where there is access for maintenance, including service vestibules and fan sections. A switch with pilot light outside the unit shall control the lights in each compartment with a red pilot light mounted outside the respective compartment access door. Wiring between switches and lights shall be factory installed in metallic conduit. All wiring shall run in neatly installed electrical conduits and terminate in a junction box for a single point, 115 volt field connection to the building system.

2. Provide a factory wired convenience GFI duplex outlet on a separate circuit next to one light switch. Q. DAMPERS

1. Leakage rate according to AMCA 500 entitled “Laboratory Methods for Testing Dampers for Rating” should not exceed 2% of air quantity at 2,000 fpm face velocity through damper and 4-inch w.g. pressure differential.

2. Outside air dampers should be low-leakage, double skin, airfoil-blade galvanized steel dampers with compressible jamb seals and extruded-vinyl blade edge seals in opposed-blade arrangements with steel operating rods rotating in sintered bronze bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame, and with operating rods connected with a common linkage. Leakage rate should not exceed 5 cfm/sq. ft. at 1-inch w.g. and 9 cfm/sq. ft. at 4-inch w.g.

3. Face-and-bypass dampers should be opposed blade galvanized-steel dampers with steel operating rods rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame and with operating rods connected with a common linkage. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and edge seals, and mechanically fasten to operating rod.

4. Multi-zone dampers should utilize two single-blade galvanized-steel dampers offset 90 degrees from each other on steel operating rod rotating in sintered bronze or nylon bearings mounted in a single galvanized-steel frame. Break-form damper blades, provide gaskets and edge seals, and mechanically fasten to operating rod.

R. FILTER SECTION 1. Filters should comply with NFPA 90A.

2. Provide filter holding frames arranged for flat or angular orientation, with access doors on both sides of unit. Filters should be removable from one side.

3. Disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated, viscous-coated, flat panel-type, disposable air filters with holding frames. Media shall be interlaced glass fibers sprayed with nonflammable adhesive. Frames should be galvanized steel with metal grid on outlet side, steel rod grid on inlet side, hinged, and with pull and retaining handles.

4. Extended-surface, disposable panel filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface filters with hold frames. Medias should be fibrous material formed into deep-V shaped pleats and held by self-supporting with grid. Media and media-grid fame should be galvanized steel.


5. Extended surface, nonsupported-media filters should be factory-fabricated dry, extended-surface, self-supporting filters with holding frames. Media should be fibrous material constructed so individual pleats are maintained in tapered from by flexible internal supports under rated-airflow conditions. Filter-media frame should be galvanized steel.

6. Pre-filters shall be 30% efficient based on ASHRAE 52-76 test procedure.

7. Final filters to have an average efficiency rating of 85% as measured by ASHRAE Standard 52-68. Initial resistance not greater than 0.65” of W.G. at 500 feet per minute face velocity.

8. Install a differential pressure gauge (Magnehelic 2002AF) in all central air handling units across each set of filter banks. The sensing ports shall be so located on either side of the filter to provide an accurate average static pressure drop across the entire filter bank.

9. Furnish one additional complete set of pre and final filters for each air handling (AHU) unit. S. HUMIDIFERS

1. Provide factory fabricated humidifier section of the same construction and finish as the AHU casing including humidifier supports and hinged double wall access doors.

2. Furnish humidifiers pre-installed in section for final piping connections by contractor.

3. Distribution Manifold: Provide stainless steel manifold with provision to return condensate to steam trap. Construct with steam nozzles designed to provide even steam distribution over entire length, from 0 to 100% capacity. Provide stainless steel mounting plate for duct attachment and mounting flange for separator attachment.

T. MANUFACTURER’S FIELD SERVICE

1. The Contractor shall arrange and pay for a factory-authorized service representative to perform the requirements of this section.

2. Inspect the field assembly of components and installation of custom air-handling units including piping, ductwork, and electrical connections.

3. Prepare a written report on findings and recommended corrective actions. Copy of the report shall be left on the site for the Contractor to share with the Owner.

4. Demonstrate procedures and schedules related to start-up and shut down, troubleshooting servicing, preventative maintenance, and how to obtain replacement parts.

5. Schedule training with at least 7 days’ advance notice. U. FIELD TESTING

1. Provide field test to confirm that fan operates within the allowable vibration tolerances as described in this section. Test must be performed by qualified technicians with a full written report submitted to the engineer.

2. Provide a field pressure test at 1½ times the scheduled pressure in all air conveying sections. The maximum allowable leak rate is 2% of the airflow. This will be measured by comparing inlet and outlet airflows. If the leak rate is uncertain, testing will be performed by sealing the unit and pumping


in a measured air quantity into the unit under maximum design pressure.

3. Notify Owner and Engineer 7 days in advance of testing. Notice shall include a full schedule of tests with test procedures described.

V. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Buffalo Forge. 2. Climate Craft.

15730-1 Heat Exchangers 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15730 HEAT EXCHANGERS A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying heat exchangers and


B. STANDARDS 1. Heat exchangers should be in accordance with the requirements and criteria of ASME and TEMA. 2. Fabricate and label heat exchangers to comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:

Section VIII, “Pressure Vessels,” Division 1. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Consultant shall schedule all parameters of the heat exchanger, including the fouling factor. 2. Consultant shall indicate on the drawings the area for the tube pull. 3. Large steam to hot water exchangers that undergo variable load should utilize a 1/3, 2/3 control

valve setup that includes a manual bypass. The 1/3 valve shall be initial operating valve with the 2/3 valve opening after the 1/3 valve is fully open.

4. Where two heat exchangers are used in a building and are redundant, use one set of control valves

and a bypass valve. In critical applications, 100 percent back-up should be provided. 5. Indicate on drawings tube pull space. 6. Provide minimum 12” vertical height from over steam traps. The discharge of the steam trap shall

then be pitched away from the trap so it can drain by gravity. Vertical lifts are not allowed on low pressure systems with control valves. A vacuum breaker and a safety valve on shell should be provided on steam to water systems. A relief valve on tube side should be provided before the isolation valves.

D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Submit shop drawings and product data including the fouling factors, heating surface and

input/output data for each heat exchanger. E. U-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS, STEAM TO WATER AND WATER TO WATER 1. Heat exchangers used to generate hot water from steam should be shell and tube type with

removable U-bend tube bundles. Steam should be circulated in the shell and water in the tubes. Heat exchangers should be furnished with mounting legs and should rest upon substantial angle iron supports. Small exchangers can be mounted on trapeze hangers.

2. Heat exchangers should be constructed with a steel shell, minimum Number 18 AWG, 3/4" copper


tubes and a removable cast iron or steel head. Water velocity in the tubes should not exceed 7.5 feet per second, nor be less than 2 feet per second. The shell should be provided with inlet and outlet tappings, tappings for a pressure gauge, and tappings for a pressure relief valve.

3. Heat exchangers must be of ASME construction and stamped, with the shell rated at a test pressure

of 300 psig and a working pressure of 125 psig at 375° for steam to water and 125 psig at 300°F for water to water. The specifications should require that a manufacturer's data sheet report for unfired pressure vessels (Form U-1 in the ASME Code) be submitted.

4. A fouling factor of 0.0005 should be utilized in the selection of all converters. F. PLATE AND FRAME WATER TO WATER HEAT EXCHANGERS 1. Where U-tube heat exchangers are no longer practical, water to water heat exchangers should be

plate & frame type. 2. The plate and frame heat exchanger should have heat transfer plates pressed out of Type 304

stainless steel. The number of plates should provide the total square footage of effective heat transfer area to meet the required design conditions. All components in fluid contact on the primary and secondary circuits should be fabricated of Type 304 stainless steel.

3. Each heat transfer plate should have herringbone corrugations to optimize heat transfer with

nominal pressure losses. 4. The complete assembly should be factory assembled, stamped and tested in accordance with the

ASME code, Section VIII, Division I for a design pressure of 250 psig at 100°F for both circuits. The specifications should require that a manufacturer's data sheet report for unfired pressure vessels (Form U-1 in the ASME Code) be submitted.

5. All plate and frame heat exchangers should be selected so that the frame can accommodate the

addition of 25% extra heat transfer plates. 6. A fouling factor of 0.0005 on both sides of the plate should be utilized in the selection of all plate

and frame heat exchangers. G. STEAM TO STEAM HEAT EXCHANGER (CLEAN STEAM GENERATOR) 1. All components subject to the steam side should be carbon steel. All components in contact with

the clean steam side should be 304 stainless steel. 2. An ASME Code Section I pressure relief valve with a capacity to relieve the total BTU output of

the steam generator should be provided. 3. An electronic level controller, blow off valve and steam separator should be provided. 4. A feed water solenoid valve sized to feed the capacity of the generator with a maximum pressure

drop of 5 psi is required. The solenoid valve should be wired to the level controller. A check valve between the solenoid valve and converter should be provided.

5. The steam generator should be specified with an automatic, timed blowdown system. 6. Steam to steam heat exchangers should be ASME constructed and stamped in accordance with


Section VIII, Division I. The specifications should require that a manufacturer's data sheet report for unfired pressure vessels (Form U-1 in the ASME Code) be submitted.

7. A fouling factor of 0.0005 should be utilized in the selection of all converters. H. U-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AND STEAM TO STEAM EXCHANGER (CLEAN STEAM

GENERATOR) INSTALLATION 1. Mount heat exchangers on steel floor stands or on trapeze hangers, located for required clearance

for tube bundle removal. Insure steam to water heat exchangers are sufficiently high enough to provide a minimum 12” to the steam trap inlet and to provide gravity drain to the condensate return system.

I. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. U-Tube Heat Exchangers (Steam to Water) a. Bell & Gossett ITT; Fluid Handling Div. – Type ‘SU’ b. Taco, Inc. – ‘Steam to Liquid Heat Exchanger.’ 2. U-Tube Heat Exchangers (Water to Water) a. Bell & Gossett ITT; Fluid Handling Div. – Type ‘WU’ b. Taco, Inc. – ‘Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchanger.’ 3. Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers a. Alfa Laval b. Tranter c. American Vicarb 4. Steam-to-Steam Heat Exchangers (Clean Steam Generators) a. Cemline b. Patterson-Kelly

15845-1 Ductwork Supports and Sleeves 12-15-03

DIVISION 15

15845 DUCTWORK SUPPORTS AND SLEEVES

A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying ductwork supports and sleeves. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS 1. Supports and seals should conform to the following standards:

a. Duct hangers should comply with the following SMACNA standards: 1) SMACNA “HVAC Duct Construction Standards: Chapter 4 – Hangers &

Supports.” 2) SMACNA “Thermoplastic Duct Construction Manual: Section I-3.5 Duct

Hangers and Supports.” 3) SMACNA “Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards: Section V – Hangers

and Supports.”

b. Hanger rods should comply with ASTM A575. c. Concrete inserts should comply with FS WWH-171. d. Concrete expansion anchors should be equal to Hilti Type “HDI” (BS & A Calendar No.

469-74-SM). C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Prior to beginning design, the Engineer should review building design and construction and design

suitable building attachment. 2. The Engineer should include the following in ductwork designs: a. Duct hanger details, including components, hanger spacing. b. Details of building attachments, including clarifying when support of ductwork from

concrete slab using expansion anchors is acceptable. 3. Suspend all ductwork properly supported from the building structure. The duct hanging system is

composed of three elements: the upper attachment to the building, the hanger itself, and the lower attachment to the duct. Construct the attachments, hangers and supports for all ductwork in accordance with SMACNA Manual.

D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS Provide shop drawings. Include in “Fabrication Shop Standards Manual” shop drawings and product data for

all duct sizes and materials include type and model for all manufactured duct support components including building attachment, hanger and duct attachment, sleeve dimensions and gauges.


E. HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

1. Install ducts and casings level. 2. Support each duct independently.

3. Support ducts using metal hangers and brackets. Hangers should have sufficient strength and durability and sufficient resistance to the corrosive effects of the atmosphere to which they will be exposed, and to properly and safely support the ductwork. Hangers should not be used in direct contact with a dissimilar metal that would cause galvanic action in the hanger, duct, fastenings or structure.

4. Support vertical ducts securely at each floor level by continuous lengths of structural angles of a size

at least equivalent to that for stiffening. The angles should be fastened to the opposite sides of the duct and should extend across the opening and bear upon the structure of slab on both sides of the opening.

5. Provide sections of ducts containing filters, coils or fans with metal framing and hangers of adequate

strength to support such equipment.

6. Support substantially and securely fasten all ducts and all parts of the duct system to the structural members of the building with approved devices of noncombustible material designed to carry the required loads. The use of expansion bolts in cinder concrete is prohibited. Connections should not impair the effectiveness of the fire protection of structural members.

7. Avoid supporting ducts from suspended ceilings, except ducts with a cross-sectional area not

exceeding 1 sq. ft. may be hung directly from or may be directly supported by the purlins (black iron) of a suspended ceiling designed and constructed of sufficient strength.

8. Prime coat exposed steel hangers and supports.

9. Cover all open ends of installed ductwork during construction. 10. Seal the space around the duct, where ducts pass through floor and walls, with non-combustible

material to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. 11. Hangers, supports, anchors and guides for stainless steel duct are to be plastic coated where the

support is in contact with the duct.

12. Provide vibration isolation hangers and supports for all supply ducts in the Equipment Rooms and for 50 feet from the equipment connection, where the 50 foot dimension extends beyond the Equipment Room.

a. The hangers should be the spring and neoprene type. b. Floor supported ducts should rest on spring and neoprene mounts.


13. Duct Hanger and Support Schedule (New York City)

DUCT CROSS-SECTIONAL MIN. STRAP MAX. HANGER AREA, SQ. FT. SIZE, IN. SPACING FT. 2 OR LESS 1 x 1/16 8 2 TO 4 1 x 1/8 8 4 TO 10 1x1/8 6

Fasten hangers to sides of duct. For ducts over 48 inches wide, turn hangers under duct, minimum of 2 inches. Fasten hanger to duct

bottom as well as duct sides.

14. Where ducts are stacked, they shall be independently supported as above or shall be supported on minimum 1¼” x 1¼” x 1/8” angle cradle hung by either 1¼” x 1¼” x 1/8” angles or 3/8” diameter threaded rod.

15. Rectangular ducts over 6 inches in width shall be hung with galvanized rods fastened to galvanized

angles running under the duct. The duct shall not be secured to the hanger. 16. Provide inserts, fishplates and other methods recommended by SMACNA, and as approved, for

supporting hanger straps and trapeze hangers. Do not use or submit power-actuated fasteners, expansion nails or pins for supporting duct hangers.

17. Provide supplementary steel as required to support ductwork with a maximum deflection of 0.08”

with the supported load acting at the mid-span of the steel. 18. Do not suspend ductwork or any device, or allow work installed by any trade to be suspended from

ductwork (for example: lighting conduit, lighting fixtures, piping, ceiling construction, etc.). F. INSERTS

1. Set inserts in position in advance of concrete work. a. Provide reinforcement rod in concrete for inserts carrying ducts over 60 inches wide.

2. Finish inserts flush with slab surface where concrete slabs from finished ceiling.

3. Drill through concrete slab from below and provide rod with recessed square steel plate and nut above slab where inserts are omitted.

G. SLEEVES AND SEALS

1. Install sleeves and seal and bare duct or insulated duct as specified herein and as shown in the details on the Drawings.

2. Above Grade Masonry Floors and Walls

a. Duct Penetrations 1) Provide structural support at floor opening as required, or for walls, provide steel

lintel to support masonry above opening.


2) Provide No. 14 gauge galvanized sheet metal sleeves. 3) Provide escutcheon on both sides. 4) For insulated ducts, provide calcium silicate duct insulation through floor or wall

opening. 5) For fire-rated ducts, fill voids to full depth with intumescent fire stopping material

as indicated.

3. Gypsum Board, Plaster or Wood Partitions a. Duct Penetrations 1) Provide No. 25 gauge galvanized steel stud header and support. 2) Provide No. 20 gauge galvanized steel sheet metal sleeves. 3) Provide escutcheon on both sides. 4) For insulated ducts, provide calcium silicate duct insulation through wall opening. 5) For fire-rated ducts, fill voids to full depth with intumescent fire stopping material

as indicated.

4. Floor Sleeves a. On dry floors, extend sleeve ½ - inch above floor. b. In mechanical equipment rooms, toilet rooms, kitchens, laboratories, etc., extend sleeve 1

inch above floor.

15850-1 Ductwork and Duct Accessories 12-15-03

DIVISION 15

15850 DUCTWORK AND DUCT ACCESSORIES

A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying ductwork and ductwork accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. Ductwork shall mean all ducts, supports, fittings, elbows, access doors, dampers, housing, casings, plenums, hardware and other required accessories, as indicated in this section.

B. STANDARDS

1. Comply with SMACNA “HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible, Second Edition (1995)” for fabrication and installation of metal ductwork. Comply with SMACNA “HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual” for sealing requirements of metal ductwork.

2. All ductwork shall comply with NFPA 90A, “Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems,” and NFPA 90B “Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems.”

3. Construct, test and label fire dampers in accordance with UL Standard 555 and 555S, “Fire Dampers and Ceiling Dampers.”

4. Comply with the North American Insulation Manufacturer’s Association, “Fibrous Glass Duct Liner Standard”, First Edition.

5. Provide flexible duct assembly listed as Class 1 air duct by the Underwriters Laboratories under UL-181 “Standard for Factory-Made Air Duct Material and Air Duct Connections” at a flame spread of not over 25 and a smoke developed rating of not over 50 complying with NFPA Standard 90A.

6. Flexible air ducts to have a heat loss per foot of duct as measured by Air Diffusion Council Flexible Air Duct Test Code FD 72-R1 and be UL listed as Class I under UL-181.


1. The Consultant shall verify system pressure classifications and conform will following minimum requirements: a. Low static pressure classifications shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA to

minimum 2” water gauge. b. Medium static pressure classifications (including all fume hood exhaust systems, supply

ductwork upstream of terminal boxes, AHU outside air ductwork and AHU relief air ductwork.) shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA to a minimum 4” water gauge

c. High static pressure shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA to a minimum 10” water gauge.


2. Ductwork should be laid out to allow for tight joints. Special attention should be paid to the ductwork either routed through shafts or otherwise inaccessible after construction.

3. The design documents shall indicate the clear inside dimensions of lined or double wall ducts. It should be noted on the drawings that actual sheetmetal size can be determined by adding the thickness of the liner to both duct dimensions.


1. Submit ductwork Fabrication Shop Standards Manual indicating gauges, reinforcing, and similar information for ductwork, fittings, accessories, etc., for the required sizes and static pressure classes to fully demonstrate compliance with SMACNA “HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible, Second Edition (1995)”. The Manual shall be shop specific and submitted for review well in advance of sheet metal installation.

2. Submit shop drawings indicating duct runs, material, extent of internal lining, fire dampers, volume dampers, access doors, and elevation of all ducts.

3. Submit layouts and drawings of all ductwork drawn to a scale of 3/8” to the foot detailing: a. Fabrication, assembly and installation details, including plans, elevations, sections, details

of components, and attachments to other work. b. Duct layout for all areas of work, indicating pressure classification and sizes in plan view.

For exhaust duct systems, indicate the classification of the materials handled as defined in this Section.

c. Fittings. d. Reinforcing details and spacing. e. Seam and joint construction details. f. Penetrations through fire-rated and other partitions. g. AC unit, equipment, terminal unit, coil installations. h. Hangers and supports, including methods for building attachment, seismic restraint,

vibration isolation, and duct attachment.

4. Product data including details of construction relative to materials, dimensions of individual components, profiles, and finishes for the following items:

a. Duct liner. b. Sealing Materials. c. Fire-Stopping Materials. d. Dampers, turning vanes, access doors, plenums, flexible connectors, etc.

E. MATERIALS FOR VARIOUS DUCT SYSTEMS

1. Construct all ducts exhausting humid air from dishwashers, glasswashers, showers, driers, pools and as called for on the drawings of Type 304 (316) welded stainless steel. On horizontal ducts, provide pan construction with longitudinal seams at the side or on top. Provide drain pipes to indirect waste at all low points of the ductwork.

2. All exhaust ductwork serving fume hood exhaust systems fans shall be constructed of ANSI Type 304 Stainless Steel, conforming to SMACNA 3” w.g. standards (as a minimum). All seams and joints shall be continuously welded. On welded stainless steel ductwork, use extra low carbon grade steel (316 L). All welds to be picked to remove weld oxide. Passivate stainless surface after


welding to remove embedded foreign material.

3. Kitchen exhaust ductwork should be constructed from No. 16 gauge black iron or stainless steel. All longitudinal seams should be continuously welded liquid tight.

4. Ducts that are used for toilet exhaust should be of aluminum.

5. All other ductwork should be fabricated from either galvanized sheet metal or aluminum.

6. Gaskets should be used at bolted, flanged duct joints, and for all access doors. Gaskets should be ASTM D 1056 GR SCE-45 neoprene.

7. Galvanized sheet steel should be lock-forming quality, complying with ASTM A 653/A 653M and having G-90 coating designation. Ducts should have mill-phosphatized finish for surfaces exposed to view.

8. Carbon-steel sheets should comply with ASTM A 366/A 366M and should be in cold-rolled sheets. They should be of commercial quality with oiled, matte finish for exposed ducts.

9. Stainless steel should comply with ASTM A 480/A 480M. It should be Type 304, and have a No. 2D finish.

10. Aluminum sheets should comply with ASTM B 209 (ASTM B 209M). They should be alloy 3003 and temper H14, with mill finish for concealed ducts and standard, 1-side bright finish for exposed ducts.

F. DUCT SEALANTS 1. All joints and seams for supply and return air ductwork should be sealed airtight with a New York

City approved non-hardening resilient caulking compound. Duct leakage should not exceed 5% of the design air quantity. The specifications should state that if duct leakage exceeds this limit, the Contractor will reseal and rebalance the systems at no cost to the University. All ductwork should be sealed with a high pressure duct sealant. Seal Class A, as defined by SMACNA, should be provided for duct static pressure classifications greater than 2”.

2. The term “sealant” is not limited to materials of adhesive or mastic nature but includes tapes and

combinations of open-weave fabric strips and mastics. Seal ducts seams and joints according to SMACNA’s “HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible” for duct pressure class indicated. Seal ducts before external insulation is applied.

G. FLEXIBLE DUCTWORK

1. Provide flexible duct as a factory glass fiber insulated assembly with vapor barrier jacket and a

minimum thermal conductance (C-factor) of 0.23 Btu per Hr per SF per °F at 75°F. Construct flexible duct of machine wound spiral aluminum helix, or two-ply polyester core encapsulating a galvanized steel wire helix suitable for a positive working pressure of at least 10” w.c.

2. Install in accordance with Section III of SMACNA’s, “HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible, Second Edition (1995)”, maximum 5’-0” extended length, with a maximum of one (1) 90° bend. Attach flexible duct to metal duct and end terminals with drawbands on both the inner sleeve and the outer jacket.


H. FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS 1. Flexible connectors should be provided at all duct connections to air handling units (intake and

discharge side), for each ductwork connection to equipment mounded on vibration isolators and/or equipment containing rotating machinery, in order to isolate the ductwork system from vibrations in the unit.

2. Flexible connectors should be not less than 6 inches long nor more than 10 inches long.

3. Use flame-retardant or noncombustible fabrics, coatings, and adhesives complying with UL 181, Class 1.

4. For indoor system, flexible connector fabric use glass fabric double coated with neoprene,

minimum weight: 26 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 480 lbf/inch in the warp and 360 lbf/inch in the filling. Service temperature: minus 40 to plus 200 deg F.

5. For outdoor system, flexible connector fabric use glass fabric double coated with weatherproof,

synthetic rubber resistant to UV rays and ozone, minimum weight 24 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 530 lbf/inch in the warp and 440 lbf/inch in the filling. Service temperature: minus 50 to plus 250 deg F.

6. For high-temperature system, flexible connectors use glass fabric coated with silicone rubber,

minimum weight: 14 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 450 lbf/inch in the warp and 340 lbf/inch in the filling. Service temperature: minus 50 to plus 500 deg F.

7. For high-corrosive-environment system, flexible connectors use glass fabric with chemical

resistant coating, minimum weight: 14 oz./sq. yd., tensile strength: 450 lbf/inch in the warp and 340 lbf/inch in the filling. Service temperature: minus 50 to plus 500 deg F.

I. VOLUME CONTROL DAMPERS

1. Volume control dampers should be installed at each main branch take-off and in other locations where required to properly balance the air systems.

2. Volume control dampers should be of the opposed blade, multi-louvered type. Single blade

dampers are acceptable up to a duct size of 12” x 12” or 12” in. diameter on low pressure systems down stream of terminal boxes. Dampers shall have indicating quadrants and set screws. The thickness of blades shall not be less than 16 gauge.

3. Volume control dampers should be factory fabricated, with required hardware and accessories.

Stiffen damper blades for stability. Include locking device to hold single-blade dampers in a fixed position without vibration. Close duct penetrations for damper components to seal duct consistent with pressure class.

a. For pressure classes above 2-inch w.g. or higher, there should be end bearings or other

seals for ducts with axles full length of damper blades and bearings at both ends of operating shaft.

4. Construction shall conform to latest SMACNA standards. When installing dampers in ducts to be

insulated provide raised bracket for damper quadrant with height equal to insulation thickness.


J. FIRE DAMPERS

1. Fire dampers are required whenever a duct penetrates any fire rated assembly. In New York City, the requirements for fire dampers are described in Article 27-343 of Sub-chapter 5, and Article 3-3 of Reference Standard 13 of the New York City Building Code.

2. Fire dampers are not required when a duct penetrates a one hour rated wall for building occupancy classifications of C (Mercantile), E (Business) and H-2 (Hospitals), provided complete sprinkler protection is provided for the entire floor.

3. Fire dampers should be in accordance with NFPA-90A. Fire dampers must be UL-555 listed and

bear a BS&A number. (Board of Standards & Appeals approved type for use in New York City).

4. Comply with U.L. recommendations for break away connections at maximum distance of 6” from wall, and all other U.L. recommendations and local code requirements. Retaining angles must be wide enough to have sufficient bearing on wall (minimum surface contact of 1”).

5. Each fire damper wall penetration should be provided with a code approved sheet metal sleeve.

The space between the fire damper sleeve and wall sleeve should be packed with mineral wool.

6. Fire dampers should have fire ratings of either 1-1/2 or 3 hours.

7. Frame should be curtain type with blades outside airstream fabricated with roll-formed, 0.034-inch thick galvanized steel; with mitered and interlocking corners. Units with blades in the air stream shall be utilized only when space limitations preclude used standard damper and the Engineer approves each specific instance.

8. Fusible links should be replaceable, and either 165 deg. F. or 212 deg. F. rated, as indicated. At

each fire damper an access door in the duct is necessary for access to the fusible link.

9. Fire dampers in stainless steel duct systems shall be type 316 stainless steel.

K. CEILING FIRE DAMPERS 1. Ceiling fire dampers should be labeled according to UL 555C and should comply with

construction details for tested floor- and roof-ceiling assemblies as indicated in UL’s “Fire Resistance Directory.”

2. Frame should be of galvanized sheet steel, round or rectangular, style to suit ceiling construction.

3. Blades should be of galvanized sheet steel with refractory insulation.

4. Fusible links should be replaceable, and 165 deg F, 212 deg F, or 285 deg F rated, as determined by application.

L. SMOKE DAMPERS

1. For projects in New York City, the requirements for smoke dampers are described in Article 27-

777.01 of Sub-chapter 13, and Chapter 3 of Reference Standard 13 of the New York City Building Code.

2. In general, smoke dampers are required at the following locations:


a. At all duct penetrations of fire rated construction. b. At all duct penetrations of required smoke barriers. c. In main return and supply ducts of air handlers of greater than 15,000 cfm capacity.

3. Smoke dampers should be in accordance with NFPA-90A. Smoke dampers must be UL-555S listed and bear a BS&A number. Combination fire and smoke dampers should be labeled according to UL 555 for 1-1/2 hour rating. Unit and operator shall be rated for 350° F.

4. At each smoke damper an access door in the duct is necessary for access to the damper.

5. Unit shall incorporate blade end switches (open and closed), and outside the duct mounted UL listed motor. Provide manufacturer’s standard U.L. listed open – close – reset switch and position pilot lights in unit mounted enclosure. Enclosure to be capable of being removed for remote mounting to ensure visibility after system installation.

6. Frame and blades should be 0.064-inch thick, galvanized sheet steel.

7. Mounting sleeve should be factory installed, 0.052-inch thick, galvanized sheet steel; length to suit

wall or floor application.

8. Provide damper motors for modulating or two-position action.

a. Permanent-Split-Capacitor or Shaded-Pole Motors: With oil-immersed and sealed gear trains.

b. Spring-Return Motors: Equip with an integral spiral-spring mechanism where indicated. Enclose entire spring mechanism in a removable housing designed for service or adjustments. Size for running torque rating of 150 in. x lbf and breakaway torque rating of 150 in. x lbf.

c. Outdoor Motors and Motors in Outside-Air Intakes: Equip with O-ring gaskets designed to make motors weather proof. Equip motors with internal heater to permit normal operation at minus 40 deg F.

d. Nonspring-Return Motors: For dampers larger than 25 sq. ft., size motor for running torque rating of 150 in. x lbf and breakaway torque rating of 300 in. x lbf.

e. Electrical Connection: 115 V, single phase, 60 Hz. M. COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS 1. The requirements for combination fire/smoke dampers are described in Article 27-777.01 of Sub-

chapter 13 and Chapter 3 of Reference Standard 13 of the New York City Building Code. 2. Where there is a requirement for both a smoke damper and fire damper, it is preferred to utilize

one combination fire smoke damper rather than a fire damper and separate smoke damper. 3. Furnish at locations shown on Drawings combination fire and smoke dampers meeting the

following specifications: a. Frame shall be a minimum of 16 gauge galvanized steel formed into a structural hat

channel shape with tabbed corners for reinforcement. The blades shall be single skin 16 gauge minimum galvanized with three longitudinal grooves for reinforcement. Bearings shall be stainless steel sleeve turning in an extruded hole in the frame. Jamb seal shall be stainless steel flexible metal compression type.


b. Each combination fire smoke damper shall be 1-½ hour fire rated under UL Standard 555 of 1992, and shall further be classified by Underwriters Laboratories as a Leakage Rated Damper for use in smoke control systems under the latest version of UL555S, and bear a UL label attesting to same. Damper manufacturer shall have tested, and qualified with UL, a complete range of damper sizes covering all dampers required by this specification. Testing and UL qualifying a single damper size is not acceptable. The leakage rating under UL555S shall be leakage Class II (10 cfm/ft. per sq. ft. at 1” w.g., and 20 cfm/ft. per sq. ft. at 4” w.g.).

c. As part of the UL qualification, dampers shall have demonstrated a capacity to operate (to open and close) under HVAC system operating conditions, with pressures of at least 4” w.g. in the closed position, and 3500 fpm air velocity in the open position.

d. In addition to the leakage ratings already specified herein, the dampers and their operators shall be under UL555S to an elevated temperature of 250°F., 350°F., or 450°F. depending upon the operator. Appropriate 120 VAC electric operators shall be installed by the damper manufacturer at time of damper fabrication. Damper and operator shall be supplied as a single entity which meets all applicable UL555 and UL555S qualifications for both dampers and operators. Manufacturer shall provide factory assembled sleeve of 16” minimum length (Contractor to verify requirement). Sleeve shall be 16 gauge for dampers. Damper and operator assembly shall be in factory cycled 10 times to assure operation.

e. Each combination fire smoke damper shall be equipped with a UL Classified “Fire Stat” equal to Model TS-150. “Fire Stat” shall permit damper modulation during normal conditions and shall mechanically and electrically lock damper in a closed position when a duct temperature exceeds 212°F. Damper can be opened via the Fire Alarm System for smoke purge. The damper operation and construction shall meet requirements of UL555S, latest edition.

4. It is the University’s intent that dampers shall cycle (open and close) only on call from fire alarm

panel and not during units normal on/off (Day/Night) schedule.

N. DUCT SILENCERS 1. Duct silencers should be factory-fabricated and tested.

2. Adhesives, sealants, packing materials, and accessory materials shall have fire ratings not

exceeding 25 for flame-spread index and 50 for smoke-developed index when tested according to ASTM E 84.

3. Fabricate casings with a minimum of 0.034-inch thick, solid galvanized sheet metal for outer

casing and 0.022-inch thick, ASTM A 653/A 653M, G90, perforated galvanized sheet metal for inner casing.

4. Sheet metal perforations should have 1/8-inch diameter for inner casing and baffle sheet metal.

5. Fill material should be either inert and vermin-proof fibrous material, packed under not less than 5 percent compression, or moisture-proof nonfibrous material.

6. Fabricate silencers to form rigid units that will not pulsate, vibrate, rattle, or otherwise react to

system pressure variations.

7. Source Quality Control:


a. Acoustic Performance: Test according to ASTM E 477. b. Record acoustic ratings, including dynamic insertion loss and self-noise power levels with

an airflow of at least 2000-fpm face velocity. c. Leak Test: Test units for airtightness at 200 percent of associated fan static pressure or 6-

inch w.g. static pressure, whichever is greater.

O. TURNING VANES

1. Fabricate to comply with SMACNA’s “HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible” for vanes and vane runners. Vane runners shall automatically align vanes.

2. Turning vanes should be installed in short radius elbows and square elbows. Turning vanes in

mitered elbows should be double thickness. 3. Manufactured Turning Vanes: fabricate 1-1/2-inch wide, single- or double-vane, curved blades of

galvanized sheet steel set ¾ inch on center; support with bars perpendicular to blades set 2 inches on center; and set into vane runner suitable for duct mounting.

4. Acoustic Turning Vanes: fabricate airfoil-shaped aluminum extrusions with perforated faces and fibrous-glass fill.

P. DUCT TAPPINGS AND TEST CONNECTIONS

1. Provide tappings in ducts for thermometers where specified. In addition, provide an airtight

plugged tapping located as follows: upstream of each reheat coil, downstream of each reheat coil, in each main supply and return air duct at each floor.

2. Provide test connection on the discharge duct from each air handling unit downstream at least 5’-

0” from unit if duct is accessible, or closer to unit if necessary, install a #699 Ventlock Instrument test hold device for balancing and testing of system.

Q. LOUVERS

1. Construct louvers provided by Mechanical Contractor of 0.125” thick extruded aluminum

stationary hook blades. Louver depth is 4”. Maximum allowable span between mullions is 10 feet. Design louvers with a net 50% free area. There shall be no water penetration at 700 FPM free area velocity. Provide for noiseless expansion and contraction of all materials and assemblies due to temperature changes.

2. Provide safing consisting of 2” rigid insulation on an aluminum panel for all unused portions of the

louver. 3. Provide aluminum mesh bird screen in removable U-type aluminum frame attached in place with

stainless steel or cadmium plated sheetmetal screws. Make bird screen removable from the inside.

R. PLENUMS 1. Provide air plenums for large return, exhaust fans, discharge and intake air plenums for connecting

the fresh air intake and discharge openings, of “single casing” construction of No. 16 gauge galvanized iron braced and stiffened on outside by means of 2 inches by 2 inches by ¼ inch steel angles, or with standing seam panels not to exceed 26 inches in width.


2. Provide drains in air intake and discharge plenums. Bottom of plenums to be constructed as drain pans. Apply two (2) coats of mastic sealant to all joints; pitch bottoms for effective drainage.

S. AUXILIARY DRAIN PANS

1. Under any equipment for which a pan is shown on the Drawings, and under all ceiling hung

horizontal air handling units, duct mounted hot water or chilled water coils located above hung ceilings or electrical equipment, piping over electrical equipment, etc., furnish and install auxiliary drain pans. Construct drain pans of 16 gauge galvanized steel with all joints brazed. Construct pans watertight with hemmed edges. Extend the auxiliary drain pan at least 6” beyond the equipment it is serving and be at least 2” high. Route a ¾” IPS galvanized steel or Type “L” copper tube to the nearest equipment room floor or hub drain independent of any air handling unit drains.

T. ACOUSTICAL LINING

1. Fabricate lined ductwork in accordance with SMACNA “Duct Construction Standards” and the

NAIMA “Fibrous Glass Duct Liner Standard.” Duct liner is allowed in return and exhaust (except kitchen, moisture laden, and rest room) systems only. Supply systems with duct liner shall be double walled with perforated inner wall. Secure the liner to the duct with minimum 95% coverage of adhesive and weld type pins. Provide metal nosings for transversely oriented liner edges facing the air stream.

2. Interrupt lining at fire dampers. Insulate exterior of duct at liner interruption if duct requires

insulation. Refer to Section 15252. 3. Duct mounted items such as dampers, turning vanes, and coils shall be installed on a continuous

circumferential hat section of height equal to liner thickness and width to accommodate them. Provide liner section behind hat section or provide external duct insulation.

4. Provide continuous circumferential sheet metal protection nosing at all leading edges of lining.

U. ACCESS DOORS 1. Provide in all ducts, for access to smoke detectors, valves, fire dampers, flow metering devices,

instruments, automatic dampers, coils (each side), fan motors and bearings, etc., suitably sized access doors with hinges and cam fasteners.

2. Provide access doors not smaller than 18 inches by 18 inches for ducts 36” and wider. Ducts

smaller than 36” are to be provided with access doors 12 inches by 12 inches. Ducts smaller than 12 inches, the access door shall be square 2 inches smaller than the width, but not less than 8 inches by 8 inches.

3. Where removable hung ceiling panels are installed below access doors, provide markers showing

the access door location clearly. 4. All access door in ductwork handling conditioned air shall be of the double panel type, flush

interior with 1” fiberglass board set in between 18 gauge exterior and 22 gauge interior casing. 5. Single panel access doors shall be fabricated of 18 gauge up to 12” x 12” and 16 gauge when

larger.


6. Access doors shall be provided with heavy angle iron frames and shall be fitted with two (2) hinges and window type fasteners. Access doors located on the bottom of ducts shall have cam fasteners in lieu of hinges in order to avoid interference with ceiling channel supports.

7. Install hinged walk-in type casing access doors in large plenums. Construct casing access doors

48” high x 18” wide (larger where possible) complete with heavy duty hinges, hardware, and Ventlok #260 latch handles.

8. Install access doors to open against system air pressure.

V. ACCESS DOORS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS 1. At each control and balancing damper in ductwork, at each fire damper and volume box when

located above ceiling or inside the wall not accessible by removal of grille or from the air shafts, furnish an access door for installation by the general contractor. Access doors shall be 18” x 18” (minimum) unless otherwise indicated on plans; rigid construction with two hinges and a latch. In plenum ceilings, provide felt between the door and frame to make an airtight seal.

2. Door shall be suitable for flush mounting, prime coated with rust inhibitive paint, concealed frame,

flush screwdriver operated locks with metal cams and anchors as required.

W. DUCTWORK INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 1. Ductwork passing through waterproof walls or roof construction shall have counterflashing. 2. Provide approved fire stopping material around all ducts penetrating floors, walls, roofs, etc., in

accordance with local codes, NFPA, and Consultant’s requirements. 3. Replace, without any additional cost to the contract, any ductwork or components found to be

noisy after installation, with said noise resulting from faulty materials or workmanship. 4. Open ends of ducts that are not actively being worked shall have a temporary closure of

polyethylene film or other covering that will prevent entrance of dust and debris until connections are to be completed.

5. Thoroughly clean the interior of all ductwork after installation, and prior to use. Operate all fans

and remove all debris and foreign matter from the duct. 6. Wherever it may be necessary to make provision for vertical hangers of the ceiling construction

passing through ducts, provide steamlined shaped sleeves around such ceiling construction hangers. Make all such streamlined sleeves airtight at top and bottom of ducts.

7. Where ducts pass through interior partitions and exterior walls, and are exposed to view, conceal

space between construction opening and duct or duct insulation with sheet metal flanges of same gauge as duct. Overlap opening on all four sides by at least 1½”. Fasten flange to duct or substrate, not both.

8. Make joints and seams smooth on the inside and a neat finish on the outside. Make duct joints

airtight with laps made in the direction of air flow and no flanges projecting into the air steam. Provide ducts adequately braced to prevent vibration. Provide intermediate reinforcing and/or tie rod construction, where necessary. Seal joints and seams according to SMACNA Standards.


9. Where the trade elects to use “Duct-Mate” for joints or similar product, PVC clips are not permitted (use metal) and all corners shall be bolted (boltless connectors are not permitted) except where local codes permit Duct-Mate joints as breakaway connection at fire dampers. Only gaskets manufactured by Duct-Mate are acceptable.

10. Sheet metal transitions should be made with slopes not exceeding one to seven. The inside radius

of all curves and bends should not be less than the width of the duct in the plane of bend, otherwise square elbows, with vanes, should be used.

11. Volume extractors shall be used where radius tap or split is not possible or where square elbows

inlet and outlet throat radii vary by more than 15%. 12. Coat galvanized ductwork exposed to the weather with a coat of CAD-A-MASTIC 800, Fibrated

Asphalt Emulation, as manufactured by EPOLUX; cover joints with glass fabric tape and apply a second coat of CAD-A-MASTIC 800.

13. Provide flush seam ductwork for all ductwork where un-insulated and exposed in finished spaces

or where required to maintain clearances. 14. Ductwork connected to intake or discharge louvers shall be galvanized steel, painted for the first

10 feet with bitumastic, pitched to a low point, and provided with a 1-1/2” copper drain piped by this trade to a building drain.

X. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

1. Flexible Ductwork: a. Genaflex b. Thermaflex c. Flexmaster

2. Volume Dampers: a. Single Blade: Device Manufacturer Model Rectangular Air Balance AC-111 Greenheck MBD-15 Ruskin MD25 Round Air Balance AC-112 Greenheck MBDR50 Ruskin MDRS25 b. Multiple Blade Dampers: Approved products for pre-manufactured devices are as follows: Device Manufacturer Model Opposed Blade Air Balance AC-2 Greenheck MBD-15 Ruskin MD35OB


3. Volume Extractor: Manufacturer: Model Titus AG-45/AG-225

4. Fire Damper (Fusible Link): Manufacturer Model Air Balance Inc. Series D19, D19 Imperial Prefco Products Series 5500 Ruskin Series DIBD2, DIBD23

5. Smoke Damper – Airflow Blade: Manufacturer Model Air Balance Inc. SA1 Greenheck SD33 Ruskin SD60 Imperial

6. Combination Fire and Smoke Damper: Manufacturer Model Ruskin FSD60, FSD36

7. Duct Sealant: Acceptable Manufacturers: a. 3M Fastbond 900 b. Foster 32-14 c. MEI 44-50 d. Hardcast Sure Grip 404, Hardcast Iron Grip 601

8. Louvers: Acceptable Manufacturers: a. Ruskin b. Arrow c. Air Balance

9. Access Doors in Wall and Ceilings: Manufacturer Model Cesco J L Industries Karp Milcor M

15855-1 Air Outlets 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15855 AIR OUTLETS A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying air outlets and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

1. Design and performance of air devices should comply with applicable provisions of the Air Diffusion Council Standards and recommendations.

2. Install diffusers, registers, and grilles according to NFPA 90A, “Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.”


1. Check location of outlets and make necessary adjustment in position to conform with architectural features, symmetry and lighting arrangement.

2. Size diffusers, registers and grilles for a maximum space noise criteria of 30 in classrooms and meeting rooms, and 40 elsewhere.

3. In VAV systems consider sizing to 80 percent design flow to prevent dumping at low flow.


1. Submit product data for each model indicated, including the following: a. Data Sheet: For each type of air outlet and inlet, and accessory furnished, indicate

construction, finish, and mounting details. b. Performance Data: Include throw and drop, static-pressure drop, and noise ratings for

each type of air outlet and inlet. Manufacturer should certify catalog performance data and ensure correct application of air outlet types.

c. Schedule of diffusers, registers, and grilles indicating drawing designation, room locations, quantity, model number, size, and accessories finished.

d. Assembly Drawing: For each type of air outlet and inlet, indicate materials and methods of assembly of components.

2. Submit coordination drawings, including reflected ceiling plans and wall elevations drawn to scale

to show locations and coordination of diffusers, registers, and grilles with other items installed in ceilings and walls.

E. GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

1. Install all items in accordance with manufacturer’s printed instructions.

2. Paint ductwork visible behind air outlets, matte black.

15855-2 Air Outlets 12-15-03

F. AIR DEVICE DESCRIPTION

1. Directional Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “A” (Constant Volume Systems) a. Multi-pattern, square or rectangular neck and face. b. Material should be steel or aluminum. c. Frame type should be surface mount, snap-in, lay-in, concealed-spline, dropped face, or

beveled drop face. d. Ceiling module size should be 12” x 12”, 24” x 24”, or 24” x 48”, if applicable. e. Frame and/or border type should be verified. Center core pattern for 1-, 2- or 3-way blow

should be provided. Blank-off safing is not acceptable.

2. Fixed Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “B” (VAV or Constant Volume System) a. Circular pattern, round neck, square face. b. Material should be steel. c. Face size should be 12” x 12” or 24” x 24”. d. Panel size should be 24” x 24”, if applicable. e. Frame and/or border type should be verified. Blank-off safing for 1-, 2- or 3-way blow

should be provided.

3. Perforated Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “C” (VAV or Constant Volume System) a. Perforated face, multi-pattern, flush face. b. Material should be steel. c. Face or ceiling module size should be 12” x 12”, 16” x 16”, 20” x 24”, 12” x 24”, 24” x

24”, or 24” x 48”. d. Frame and/or border type should be verified.

4. Perforated Directional Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “D” (Constant Volume System) a. Perforated face, multi-pattern, flush face. b. Material should be steel. c. Face or ceiling module size should be 12” x 12” or 12” x 24”. d. Frame and/or border type should be verified. Directional blow, model DB for 1-, 2- or 3-

way blow should be provided.

5. Ceiling Supply Air Linear Diffuser - Type “E” (VAV or Constant Volume System) a. Linear with pattern control vanes. b. Material should be aluminum. c. Diffuser should have 1 to 8 slots. d. Slots should be ½-, ¾-, or 1-inch wide. e. Frame and/or border type should be verified. f. Diffuser may have mitered corners.

6. Sidewall, Sill, Or Floor Supply Linear Air Diffuser - Type “F” (VAV or Constant Volume System)

a. Linear, fixed pattern, fixed bar. b. Material should be aluminum. c. Bar spacing should be ¼-inch. d. Bar width should be 1/8-inch. e. Deflection angle should be 0° or 15°,

15855-3 Air Outlets 12-15-03

f. Diffuser may have mitered corners. g. Frame and/or border type should be verified.

7. Fixed Supply Air Register - Type “G” (VAV or Constant Volume System) a. Double deflection, ¾-inch spaced louvers, vertical face louvers, opposed blade damper. b. Material should be steel. c. Border type should be verified.

8. Perforated Ceiling Return Air Diffuser - Type “H” a. Perforated, flush face. b. Material should be steel. c. Face or ceiling module size should be 12” x 12”, 16” x 16”, 20” x 20”, 12” x 24”, 24” x

24”, 24” x 48”. d. Frame and/or border type should be verified.

9. Ceiling Return Linear Air Diffuser - Type “I” a. Linear. b. Material should be aluminum. c. Bar spacing should have 1 to 8 slots. d. Slots should be ½-, ¾- or 1-inch wide. e. Diffuser may have mitered corners. g. Frame and/or border type should be verified.

10. Return, Exhaust Or Transfer Fixed Air Register - Type “J” a. Fixed 35°, ¾-inch spaced horizontal louvers, opposed blade damper. b. Material should be steel. c. Frame and/or border type should be verified.

11. Perforated Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Air Register - Type “K” a. Perforated 3/16-inch staggered holes, opposed blade damper. b. Material should be aluminum. c. Border type should be verified.

12. Laboratory Perforated Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “L” a. Perforated face, 51% free area. b. Material should be steel. c. Tow chamber back pan, 6” tall, separated by induction plate. d. The face, lower air chamber, directional blades and pressure induction plate is one

removable accessory. e. Full radial air diffusion (2-way) or half radial (1-way).

13. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Fixed Air Grille - Type “M” a. Fixed 35°, ¾-inch spaced horizontal louver. b. Material should be steel. c. Border type should be verified.

15855-4 Air Outlets 12-15-03

14. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Perforated Air Grille - Type “N” a. Perforated, 3/16-inch staggered holes. b. Material should be aluminum. c. Border type should be verified.

15. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Eggcrate Air Grille - Type “O” a. Eggcrate. b. Border should be of aluminum material and grid should be of plastic. c. Grid size should be ½” x ½” x ½”. d. Border type should be verified.

16. Filter Return Grille - Type “P” a. Fixed 45°, ½-inch spaced horizontal louvers. b. Material should be aluminum or steel. c. Filter should be 1-inch thick. d. Border type should be verified.

17. Ducted HEPA Filter Supply Terminal - Type “Q” a. Mounting type should be gypsum board ceiling. b. Dimensions (LxW) should be 12” x 36”, 24” x 24”, or 24” x 48”. c. Diameter of inlet collar should be 8”, 12”, or 14”. d. Material should be 14-gauge terminal. e. Damper should be of the butterfly type. f. Diffuser thickness should be 0.063 inches. g. Static pressure port connection should be 5/16” rivnut with slotted head screw. h. Grille should be of perforated metal with 40% open 22-gauge stainless steel. Grille

should be mounted flush to housing and retained by stainless steel acorn nuts and washers attached to the filter retaining studs.

i. Seal type should be leaktight utilizing silicone gel (BLU-GEL) at perimeter channel of filter on air leaving side.

j. Filter: 1) Type: HEPA. 2) Efficiency: 99.99. 3) Standards: IES-RP-CC-001.3 as a Type C filter, MIL STD-282, MIL-F-51079. 4) Certification: Scan tested for pinhole leaks greater than 0.01% of an upstream

challenge of cold DOP and tested by the hot DOP method on the manufacturer’s Q-107 penetrometer.

5) Design: Separatorless, pleated. 6) Frame: Anodized aluminum. 7) Sealant: Urethane. 8) Recommended manufacturer and model for filter is Flanders Filter Co., Model

0-007-4-19-06-SU-52-00. k. Factory insulation should be provided.

15855-5 Air Outlets 12-15-03

G. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Directional Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “A” a. Titus TDC, with AG-65S damper and equalizer grid. b. Krueger Series SH, with S-11 damper and equalizer grid. c. Anemostat SD, with DOB or DED damper and equalizer grid. 2. Fixed Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “B” a. Titus TMS, with AG-65 damper and equalizer grid. b. Krueger Series 1400, with R-11 damper and equalizer grid. c. Anemostat E, with CU-1 damper and equalizer grid. 3. Perforated Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “C” a. Titus PAS, with AG-65 damper and equalizer grid. b. Krueger Series 1100, with R-11 damper and equalizer grid. c. Anemostat PR. 4. Fixed Ceiling Supply Air Diffuser - Type “D” a. Titus TMS, with AG-65 damper and equalizer grid. b. Krueger Series 1400, with R-11 damper and equalizer grid. c. Anemostat E, with CU-1 damper and equalizer grid. 5. Ceiling Supply Air Linear Diffuser - Type “E” a. Titus ML-37, ML-38, or ML-39. b. Krueger Series 1500-1600. c. Anemostat AL. 6. Sidewall, Sill, Or Floor Supply Linear Air Diffuser - Type “F” a. Titus CT-480 or CT-481. b. Krueger Series 1500-1600. c. Anemostat AL. 7. Fixed Supply Air Register - Type “G” a. Titus 300RS with AG-15 damper. b. Krueger 880V with OBD damper. c. Anemostat S2VO. 8. Perforated Ceiling Return Air Diffuser - Type “H” a. Titus PAR. b. Krueger Series 1190. c. Anemostat 3P.

15855-6 Air Outlets 12-15-03

9. Ceiling Return Linear Air Diffuser - Type “I” a. Titus ML-37, ML-38, or ML-39. b. Krueger Series 1900. c. Anemostat SLAD. 10. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Fixed Air Register - Type “J” a. Titus 300RS with AG-15 damper. b. Krueger S80H with OBD damper. c. Anemostat S30D. 11. Perforated Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Air Register - Type “K” a. Titus 8F with AG-35 damper. b. Krueger S80P with OPD damper. 12. Laboratory Perforated – Ceiling Supply and Diffuser - Type “L” a. Titus Tritec 13. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Fixed Air Grille - Type “M” a. Titus 350RL. b. Krueger S80H. c. Anemostat S3HD. 14. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Perforated Air Grille - Type “N” a. Titus 8F. b. Krueger S80P. 15. Return, Exhaust, Or Transfer Eggcrate Air Grille - Type “O” a. Titus 50P. b. Krueger EGC-5. c. Anemostat GC5. 16. Filter Return Grille - Type “P” a. Titus 4FF. b. Krueger S80P5FF-1. c. Anemostat 35HO. 17. Ducted HEPA Filter Supply Terminal - Type “Q” a. Flanders Filter Company Model 22.

15857-1 Air Terminal Units 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15857 AIR TERMINAL UNITS A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying ductwork supports and sleeves. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

1. Material and installation shall comply with latest editions of applicable codes, recommended practices and standards, including: a. ARI Compliance: Test and rate air devices in accordance with ARI Standards. b. ASHRAE Compliance: Test and rate air devices in accordance with ASHRAE

Standards. c. ADC Seal: Provide devices bearing ADC Certified Rating Seal. d. AMCA Compliance: Test and rate air devices in accordance with AMCA Standards and

shall bear AMCA Certified Rating Seal. e. NFPA Compliance: Install air devices in accordance with NFPA 90A “Standard for the

Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.” f. UL Compliance: The complete device must be labeled and listed by UL and must be

installed to meet their requirements. g. All devices must be tested and approved for safety in accordance with the latest N.E.C.


1. Boxes should be located in corridors directly above the suspended ceilings, with unobstructed access for maintenance and removal.

2. Do not oversize boxes more than 20 percent.

3. All terminal units should be permanently marked with the room number of the occupied space served.

4. In general, minimum settings on VAV boxes should be minimum 35 percent of peak air flow.

5. The reheat coil should be sized to provide design leaving air temperature at maximum design cfm on a design winter day. This will allow the box to be converted to constant volume at maximum design flow should the future need arise.

6. Provide no more than 11 fins per inch on reheat coils. (8 fin/inch is preferred).

7. Air terminal units radiating higher than the project specific noise levels shall be insulated with 2” thick 4 lbs. density board insulation, with removable access cut-outs.

8. The normally open damper assembly should be capable of operating in an early morning warm-up procedure without being fitted with additional controls.



1. Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s technical product data for air outlets and inlets including the following: a. Manufacturer’s technical product data, including performance data for each size and type

of air distribution device furnished; schedule showing drawing designation, room location, number furnished, model number, size and accessories furnished and installation and start-up instructions.

b. Data sheet for each type of terminal unit, and accessory furnished, indicating construction, finish and mounting details.

2. Shop Drawings: Submit manufacturer’s assembly-type shop drawings indicating dimensions, weight loadings, required clearances, and methods of assembly of components. Provide a labeling system for each terminal unit.

3. Wiring Diagrams: Submit ladder-type wiring diagrams for electric power and control components, clearly indicating required field electrical connections.

4. Maintenance Data: Submit maintenance data and parts list for each type of air terminal, including “trouble shooting” maintenance guide.

E. ALL TERMINAL UNITS (CONSTANT VOLUME AND VARIABLE AIR VOLUME) 1. (Constant Volume Terminal Box Only) The units shall be pressure independent and shall

maintain to any cfm setting within ± 5% regardless of changes in upstream static pressure. The terminal air valve shall be normally open on loss of electrical power or control air. (Variable Air Volume (VAV) Terminal Box Only) The units shall be pressure independent and shall reset cfm air volume within ± 5% of required air flow, as determined by the space thermostat, regardless of changes in system air pressure. Devices utilizing cfm limiters will not be acceptable. The terminal air valve shall be normally open on loss of electrical power or control air.

2. The internal resistance of the terminal shall not exceed 0.4 inch w.g. for all sizes when handling

maximum air volume shown on schedules.

3. A Diamond-Flow sensor shall be incorporated within the terminal. Differential pressure taps (separate from the control pressure taps) shall be provided for air flow measurement with a 0-1 inch gauge. Each terminal shall have a flow chart attached.

4. The units shall be designed, installed and field adjusted, if necessary, to maintain controlled pressure independent air flow.

5. Features to accommodate field calibration and readjustment of air volume settings shall include gauge taps for balancing with a standard pressure gauge and adjustable flow settings at the controller. Air units to be provided with access doors for access to interior of unit.

6. Unit casing shall be 22 gauge galvanized steel with round or flat oval inlets meeting SMACNA or ASHRAE standards. Outlets shall be rectangular with slip and drive connections. Valve assemblies of 16 gauge steel are to have opposed blade dampers to reduce air turbulence and fitted with special seals for tight closure and minimized sound generation. In the fully closed position, air leakage past the closed damper shall not exceed 3% of the nominal catalog rating at 3” inlet static pressure, as rated by the Air Diffusion Council test procedure.


7. All units are lined with ¾”, 1½ lb. density fiberglass insulation. Edges are sealed against air flow erosion. Materials are to be in accordance with NFPA 90A and 90B and UL 181 standards.

8. All insulation/sound absorbing material shall be fully covered by a protective plastic film (Tedlar) to prevent any contact between the air stream and the insulation.

9. Coordination of Trades a. The ATC (Automatic Temperature Controls) Contractor shall furnish and ship the DDC

controller and actuator to the terminal unit manufacturer for installation at the factory. The ATC Contractor shall supply written instructions and drawings containing sufficient information to enable the terminal unit manufacturer to undertake the installation satisfactorily. (The DDC assemblies and control devices should be capable of incorporating early morning warm-up, night set-back, alarm and other advantages offered by this type system.)

b. The ATC Contractor shall also furnish and ship all room type thermostat (one stat per VAV terminal box).

c. (Electric Actuators Only) The VAV terminal box manufacturer shall provide a 24 VAC transformer, flow sensor, electric heat SCR controller, and controls enclosure. The VAV box manufacturer shall install and connect all controls in the factory.

OR Terminal box damper actuator shall receive 24 volt current provided by the Mechanical Contractor. Mechanical Contractor to provide all 120 volt to 24 volt transformers as required to power dampers and control valves.

d. Box manufacturer shall provide field calibration and check-out of all control components and shall furnish wiring or pneumatic diagrams and provide one year’s free service on the box and control components.

e. Where indicated provide hot water reheat coils of capacities on the terminal unit schedule. Heating coils shall be furnished as part of the terminal unit. Two-way water control valve shall be furnished by the Automatic Control Contractor and field installed by the Mechanical Contractor. The automatic control valves shall be designed for operation with the DDC controller installed on the terminal box.

10. Terminal Unit With Hot Water Heating Coils:

a. Hot water heater coils shall be integral to the unit, not an add-on. b. The heating coils shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements

of the local authorities and shall be ETL listed as component of box. c. The heating coils shall be fabricated from round seamless copper tubes rolled into

headers to form a permanent pressure tight joint. Coils are to be self-venting type. A vent connection is to be provided in the supply header and a drain connection in the return header. Coil finned tube shall be fabricated to permit expansion without transmitting stresses to casing. Provide even distribution of water to each tube.

d. Headers: constructed of close-grained gray cast iron, heavy wall copper, having pipe threads for supply and return connections.

e. Tubes: seamless deoxidized copper, 5/8” O.D. and 0.020” minimum wall thickness. f. Fittings: return bends and expansion bends to be fabricated from 5/8” O.D. or 1” O.D.

seamless deoxidized copper tubing. Wall thickness, after forming, must be equal to or greater than the tube wall thickness.

g. Fins: aluminum or copper plate type or helically wound on the tubes. The plate type fins shall be continuous across entire coil width. Provide efficient bond between fin and tube, making each fin perform as an integral part of the tube.


h. The coils are to be designed, tested and guaranteed for operation with steam or water pressure and temperature as per system pressures for valves and fittings.

i. Coil Performance: all data pertaining to coil performance is shown on drawings. Pipe all coils counterflow. All water coils to have not more than 6 feet/second water velocity and not more than 11 fins per inch.

F. INSTALLATION OF AIR TERMINALS (VAV BOXES)

1. Install air terminals level and with the manufacturer’s recommended straight run of metal ductwork at inlet and outlet, flexible connectors may be installed on the outlet side of the box. Install so that damper operator, damper actuator, and hot water control valve actuator (where provided) can be readily serviced.

2. Provide access doors in ductwork to both faces of reheat coils. G. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

1. Anemostat 2. Titus 3. Environmental Technologies 4. Krueger

15860-1 Fans 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15860 FANS A. GENERAL

1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying HVAC fans and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes the following categories of fans:

a. Cabinet and ceiling fans. b. Square in-line centrifugal. c. Tubular centrifugal d. Centrifugal utility fans e. Belted utility vent sets f. Belted utility vent sets for laboratory exhaust g. Roof/wall exhauster h. Axial propeller wall fan i. Vaneaxial

B. STANDARDS

1. Construct all fans, except vaneaxial adjustable blade, to comply with the requirements of the latest editions of the Air Moving and Conditioning Association (AMCA) Standards and Bulletins. Certify these fans by AMCA for performance ratings and provide the AMCA Performance and Construction Seal.

2. Fan performance shall be based on tests conducted in accordance with AMCA Standard 210 test code for air moving devices.

3. Install fans, with their accessories, to comply with state and local Codes and with the recommendations of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

4. Fan motors shall comply with NEMA MG 1 “Standard for Motors and Generators.” Include NEMA listing and labeling.

C. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Submit full technical rating data based on tests in accordance with current AMCA approved laboratory. Include manufacturer’s certified fan performance curves, and certified sound power ratings. Correct all ratings and curves for altitude and temperature where applicable.

2. Certified fan sound power ratings in all octave bands (including 63 Hz) for fan inlet, fan discharge, and radiated casing.

3. Motor ratings and electrical characteristics plus motor and fan accessories.

4. Submit manufacturer’s installation instructions.

5. Submit manufacturer’s maintenance and repair data and parts list.

15860-2 Fans 12-15-03

D. QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. Provide manufacturer’s certification that materials meet or exceed the minimum requirements specified herein.

2. Fabricate and label fans to comply with UL and include NEMA listing and labeling.

3. Single-Source Responsibility: Obtain each category of fans from a single source and by a single manufacturer. Include responsibility and accountability to answer questions and resolve problems regarding compatibility, installation, performance, and acceptance of pumps.

4. Install fans and associated appurtenances in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements for maintaining satisfactory performance.

E. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1. The Consultant shall include such considerations as duct leakage (expect 10 percent), temperature heat gain in supply ducts (expect at least 1°F.), resistance through dirty filters, and effect on inlet vanes when sizing the fans. Also consider providing additional capacity. VAV systems shall be furnished with variable speed drives, not variable inlet vanes.

2. Where available, fan wheel should have backward inclined blades or air foil type fan blades of the non-overloading type. When laying out fans, the Consultant shall take into consideration duct inlet and outlet conditions to minimize fan effect.

3. Adequate space and access shall be provided for all fan locations.

4. Sound criteria shall be considered in the selection process for all fans.

5. Provide a drain at the bottom of the housing for fans discharging upward from the roof.

6. Provide proper vibration isolation and seismic restraints.

7. Electrically ground fan and drive to prevent accumulation of static charge.

8. Centrifugal incline fan is preferred to axial or vaneaxial fans. Use of axial or vaneaxial requires University approval.

F. FAN SELECTION

1. In order to insure stable operation and prevent any possibility of hunting, the fan curve shall be continuously rising from maximum capacity up to the shut-off pressure. Shut-off pressure minimum should be 10 percent greater than the design pressure.

2. Fans shall be selected to operate at or near their point of peak efficiency, thus allowing for operation at capacities of approximately 15% beyond design capacity.

3. Each fan shall be driven by a constant or variable speed motor. Maximum brake horsepower at design speed shall, under no condition, exceed the nominal motor horsepower. Each fan motor shall be factory mounted. Motors shall be high-efficiency type in accordance with Section 15980.

4. Provide fan motors in accordance with section entitled “Electric Motors.” Size motor to drive its respective fan when the fan is operating at a speed 5% in excess of that required to meet the scheduled fan performance. Do not select motors within the service factor for this range.

15860-3 Fans 12-15-03

5. On fans driven by belt drive, provide standard “V-groove” type belts and sheaves suitable for the service intended. Fan sheaves are non-adjustable type with removable machined bushings. Provide adjustable pitch type motor sheaves with double locking feature to 10% above and below the rated fan speed. Dynamically balance sheaves with over three grooves. For fan motors over 10 horsepower, provide at least two belts. Design multiple belt drives capable of carrying the entire load with one belt broken. Provide preformed expanded metal or sheet metal belt guards, with grommeted tachometer ports at the fan and motor shafts, for all exposed sheaves and belts.

G. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

1. Fans and shafts shall be statically and dynamically balanced at the factory and so certified and be designed for continuous operation at the maximum rated fan speed and motor horsepower.

2. Provide bearings with service life in excess of 200,000 hours at maximum cataloged fan operating conditions.

H. SERVICE ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS

1. Select wheels/impellers exposed to normal atmospheres constructed of mild steel, hot dip galvanized, and finished with two layers of factory applied non-scaling paint.

2. Select fans exposed to corrosive atmospheres constructed of corrosion-resistant materials suitable for intended use, and factory finished with epoxy or other approved corrosion-resistant coatings.

3. Select fans exposed to elevated temperatures constructed of components rated for high temperature service. Do not use belt drive assemblies exposed to the airstream. Use direct drive motors certified for high temperature service.

4. Select fans used to convey flammable vapors constructed of non-sparking (non-ferrous) materials, and use explosion-proof motors.

5. Select fans used to exhaust grease-laden vapors with motor drive and bearings completely external of air stream.

I. GENERAL FAN INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

1. Motors and fan wheel pulleys shall be adjustable pitch for use with motors through 15 HP; fixed pitch for use with motors larger than 15 HP. Select pulley so that pitch adjustment is at the middle of the adjustment range at fan design conditions.

2. Provide steel belt guards for motors mounted on the outside of the fan cabinet.

3. Fans requiring grease shall be installed such that the grease fittings are easily accessible. Install copper extension lubrication lines if required.

4. Provide sufficient clearances around fans for access and servicing of components. Install fans such that access doors, motors, belts, lubrication lines, electrical connections, etc. are readily accessible and not obstructed by other installations or structures.

5. Bump start fans to check that fan wheel/impeller rotation corresponds to the desired direction of air flow. Correct fans found to be rotating in a direction opposite to that desired.

15860-4 Fans 12-15-03

6. Provide flexible connections as described in Specification Section 15850 entitled “Ductwork and Ductwork Accessories” to provide sufficient separation of ductwork from fan assembly to prevent metal-to-metal contact.

7. Install fans and motors with proper support and vibration isolation as specified in section entitled “Vibration Isolation.”

8. Install fans level and plumb in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions. J. FAN TYPES 1. Cabinet and Ceiling Fans

a. Centrifugal forward curved direct-drive or belt-drive fan with integral backdraft damper. Discharge arrangement shall be convertible from angled to in-line. Motors shall be mounted on vibration isolators and shall be removable without disturbing attached ductwork. Housing and wheel shall be galvanized steel.

2. Square In-Line Centrifugal

a. Fan housing shall be galvanized steel or factory finished cold rolled steel. Fan wheels shall be centrifugal backward inclined aluminum, belt- or direct-drive fan. Fan housing shall be square with removable or hinged panels for access. Bearings shall be permanently lubricated, pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours. Provide factory mounted disconnect switch accessible from the exterior of the fan.

3. Tubular Centrifugal

a. The housing and bearing support shall be constructed of structural steel members. The wheel shall be of the airfoil centrifugal type with welded straightening vanes. Bearings shall be heavy duty, grease lubricated, roller pillow block type. Extended lubrication lines shall be provided with external grease fittings. Bearings shall be selected for a minimum average of 200,000 hours life at maximum operating speed for each pressure class.

4. Centrifugal Utility Fans

a. Steel centrifugal fan set with rotatable housing. Housing shall be galvanized steel or factory finished cold rolled steel and include an integral drain and removable or hinged access panel. Fan wheel shall be backward inclined (BI) or airfoil (AF) [forward curve (FC) allowed only on small sizes where BI and AF not available], single width single inlet (SWSI), or double width double inlet (DWDI). Bearings shall be grease lubricated, self-aligning pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours.

5. Belted Utility Vents Sets

a. Fans shall be of the centrifugal type with non-overloading, backward-inclined blades. They shall have self-aligning ball bearings (L50) life of 200,000 hours with serviceable grease boxes. Fans and motors shall be provided with variable pitch. V-belt pulleys, V-belts, motor angle iron base rails, vibration isolators and welded sheet steel protective hood over the belt and motor assembly.

15860-5 Fans 12-15-03

6. Belted Utility Vent Sets For Laboratory Exhaust

a. Fume hood exhaust fans shall be belted vent sets. Substitutes will not be accepted. Fans shall be of the centrifugal type with non-overloading, backward-inclined blades. They shall have self-aligning ball bearings with serviceable grease boxes. Fans and motors shall be provided with variable pitch, V-belt pulleys, V-belts, motor angle iron base rails, vibration isolators and welded sheet steel protective hood over the belt and motor assembly. Motor to be explosion-proof, bearing (L50) life of 200,000 hours.

b. Minimum ¾” shaft. c. The fan scroll housing and fan wheel shall be coated with Heresite V504 coating of not

less than 5 mils, achieved in a two-coat application. d. Each fan shall have an electric motor with fan and motor mounted on common base; V-

belt drive shall be capable of handling 150% of motor rating, and shall have provision for belt-tension adjustment and shall have at least two V-belts. Sheaves shall be cast iron variable pitch type permitting 10% increase and 10% decrease in design RPM as desired. V-belt drive and pulleys shall have a sheet metal belt guard with 1½ inch diameter holes opposite each motor and fan wheel axle for insertion of a tachometer.

e. Provide scroll access doors, belted shaft guards, spark-resistant construction (AMCA Type C) and aluminum and neoprene shaft seal.

7. Roof/Wall Exhauster

a. Belt- or direct-driven fans for roof or wall mounting with integral domed housing. Motor assembly shall be mounted on vibration isolators. Housing shall be seamless spun aluminum; fan scroll shall be backward inclined aluminum. Bearings shall be pillow block type with minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours. Provide a disconnect switch with a NEMA 1 enclosure within motor compartment.

b. Where grease exhaust service is scheduled on the Drawings, provide NEMA 3R external disconnect, grease collection, and other accessories as required to meet UL 762 listing and the requirements of NFPA 96.

8. Axial Propeller Wall Fan

a. Belt-driven or direct-drive propeller fans as indicated consisting of fan blades, hub, housing, orifice ring, motor, drive, and accessories. Fan housing shall be galvanized steel or factory-applied primer with enamel paint on cold rolled steel. Fan wheels shall be steel or aluminum blade riveted to a steel spider and reinforced. Bearings shall be ball-bearing pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 100,000 hours. Provide OSHA-approved belt guards.

9. Vaneaxial

a. (Centrifugal in-line fans are preferred to axial and vaneaxial fans. Use of axial or vaneaxial requires University approval.) Belt-driven vaneaxial fans as indicated consisting of fan blades, hub, housing, orifice ring, motor, drive, and accessories. Fan housing shall be galvanized steel or cold rolled steel. Rotor blades and hub shall be aluminum blade attached to the hub with steel studs and self-locking nuts. Bearings shall be ball-bearing pillow block type, minimum (L50) life of 200,000 hours. Rotor blade pitch shall be manually adjustable.

K. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

Acceptable manufacturers are subject to compliance with requirements set forth in this Section. Provide products by one of the following:

15860-6 Fans 12-15-03

1. Cabinet and Ceiling Fans a. Cook Gemini Series b. Greenheck Model SP, CSP and BCF c. Penn Zephyr Series

2. Square In-Line Centrifugal a. Cook SQI or SQN Series b. Greenheck Model SQ or BSQ c. Penn Centrex Inliner SX

3. Tubular Centrifugal a. Greenheck TCB Series b. Peerless

4. Centrifugal Utility Fan

5. Belted Utility Vent Sets a. Loren Cook

6. Belted Utility Vent Sets for Laboratory Exhaust a. Loren Cook b. Buffalo Forge

7. Roof/Wall Exhauster a. Cook AC Series b. Greenheck Models G, GB and C Series c. Penn Domex, Fumex

8. Axial Propeller Wall Fan a. Cook S Series Wall Ventilators b. Greenheck SB and S Series c. Penn Breezeway Series

9. Vaneaxial a. Greenheck VA Series b. Cook Series VAD and VAB

15875-1 Fan Coil Units 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15875 FAN COIL UNITS A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying fan coil units and accessories. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS

1. All models and sizes specified for this project shall be in accordance with ARI Industry Standard for Room Fan Coil Air Conditioners, 441-66.

2. Units shall be acoustically tested and rated in accordance with ARI Standard 443-70.

3. Cabinet enclosures shall be included. Cabinet finish for fan coil units shall comply with the Corp. of Engineers 500 hours salt spray test specification, CE301.35 and CE301.37.

4. Fan coil units should be UL listed and in accordance with the National Electric Code. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1. All fan coil units shall be sized to meet design load while operating at medium speed. In noise sensitive areas, low speed will be the design speed.

2. Temperature control shall be accomplished through modulation of control valve at constant fan speed.

3. Finished backs to be provided where unit backs are visible from within the building and from the exterior of the building.

4. Four pipe systems are standard for new building construction and are encouraged in renovations where practical.

5. Fan coil units with custom enclosures should be avoided. However, where required, architecture enclosures shall be designed and fabricated to facilitate quick filter replacement without the need for tools and simple enclosure disassembly procedure, without the need for tools, that offer sufficient space to service and/or replace all unit components. Design for access of unit mounted controls.

6. Fan coil units with custom enclosures shall be provided with discharge collars connected to enclosure discharge air device. Fan coil capacity reduction caused by additional fan static pressure should be accounted for in design.

7. The Designer should clearly specify on the construction documents that the units must be installed to allow free maintenance of all serviceable components within the unit through the designated service panels without the need to remove or relocate ducts, piping or other adjacent systems such as light fixtures.

8. All fan coil units that are to be connected to the central campus chilled water system should be selected for a water temperature rise of 16°F, and shall be a minimum of 3 rows.

15875-2 Fan Coil Units 12-15-03

9. The Consultant is responsible for verifying that the valves specified are capable of withstanding the maximum differential pressures expected to be experienced in actual use when shut off without allowing any “blow-by”, when in doubt, specify the higher differential valve. Verify pressures with plant engineering department.

10. Where space permits, extra wide piping pockets shall be provided.

11. Where horizontal piping distribution system is utilized, consider additional height kick space to facilitate pitch of condensate drainage.

12. Provide a mock-up of each typical fan coil unit installation. Provide all piping, controls, air outlets, fan switch, etc. with each typical fan coil unit installed as directed by the Owner for coordination with other trades and for examination prior to proceeding with each basic unit installation.

13. Minimum pipe size to an individual fan coil unit shall be ¾” for supply, return and condensate drainage.

14. The preferred location of ceiling mounted fan coil units is above corridors to allow service without disrupting the occupied space.

15. Service clearances shall be identified on plans. D. SUBMITTAL

Submittals shall be project specific, clearly indicating the size, model, capacity, sound data and electrical data for the units proposed.

E. FAN COIL UNIT – GENERAL

1. Furnish and install factory-packaged fan coil units, complete with fan, motor, coils, drain pan, piping, transformers, controls and housing. Units shall be vertical or horizontal as shown.

2. Unit shall be of draw-thru configuration with access to controls, service valves, motor, drain pan, drain line, and coils, through return air opening. Blow-thru configurations are acceptable on high-rise style units.

3. Fan coil units should have primary (for coil) and auxiliary (for piping package) insulated galvanized (or other non-corrosive material) drain pans.

4. Fans should be centrifugal, forward curved, double width type. Fan and motor assembly should

be direct drive. Motor and fan supports should be steel with galvanized steel fan scroll and aluminum wheel.

5. Motors should have integral thermal overload protection and shall operate satisfactorily at 90 percent of rated voltage on all speed settings, and at 10 percent overvoltage without undue magnetic noise. Motors should be high efficiency, three-speed tap wound, permanent split capacitor type, with efficiencies consistent with Con Edison’s rebate program.

6. Cabinets should be galvanized steel, with 18 gauge end panels and 16 gauge front panels with thermal and acoustical insulation over entire coil section. Side panels should be removable for access to internal components. Cabinet panels should be painted with a baked-on enamel finish. Color shall be as selected by the Owner.

15875-3 Fan Coil Units 12-15-03

7. For concealed installation, cabinet shall be constructed of 16 gauge galvanized steel with frames and panels fully insulated. Under-window units shall have 16 gauge steel.

8. On vertical units the top panel of the unit should be galvanized steel with integral discharge grille. Unit levelers should be furnished with each unit.

9. Ceiling recessed units shall be equipped with flanged duct connectors for both the supply and return sides. The pre-finished bottom panel shall be designed to provide access to the entire unit and be exposed in the occupied space. The fan selector switch shall be wall mounted.

10. Ceiling exposed units shall be pre-finished on all six sides. Pipe appurtenances shall be located on the interior of the unit. The bottom panel shall swing down to allow access to the filter and motors. The fan selector switch shall be wall mounted.

11. Filters should be throwaway type.

12. The speed switch and thermostat should be completely factory wired.

13. All fan coils should have a factory-installed toggle disconnect switch. F. FAN COIL UNIT COILS AND PIPING PACKAGES

1. Unit coil shall be constructed of 5/8 inch O.D. seamless copper tubes mechanically bonded to configurated plate type aluminum fins.

2. Fan coil units should be furnished with an electric motorized two-way valve for each coil (normally closed valve for chilled water, normally open valve for hot water and dual temperature water systems). Valves shall be factory installed and wired.

3. The fan coil unit shall include a factory installed piping package for the coil consisting of a manual air vent, motorized two-position electric control valve, flow control valve with readout ports (for handheld flow indication device), globe stop valves on supply and return unions (between stop valves and coil), and all interconnecting piping. The entire coil and piping package shall be factory tested and rated for 300 psig design working pressure.

4. Combination balancing and shut-off valve are acceptable but must meet requirements as set forth above. Valves to have memory stop feature to allow valve to be closed for service and then re-opened to setpoint without disturbing balance position.

5. Fan coil unit with supplemental electric heat shall be provided with control to prevent electric coil operation when hot water is in the system.

G. FAN COIL UNIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL

1. The manufacturer should furnish either a unit mounted or electric two-stage thermostat capable of opening the electric chilled water or hot water valve in order to satisfy the thermostat setpoint. The thermostat should have a 2°F. dead band between the heating and cooling position. A rotary type fan motor controller shall permit manual selection of the fan speed at “OFF-HIGH-MEDIUM-LOW”. The fan should run continuously unless the switch is in the “Off” position.

15875-4 Fan Coil Units 12-15-03

H. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. Vertical and Ceiling Hung Internal Environmental a. Trane b. Custom Air c. York d. International Environmental 2. High Rise Style a. Williams b. Air Therm

15880-1 Heating Terminal Units 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15880 HEATING TERMINAL UNITS A. GENERAL

In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying heating terminal units. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. STANDARDS Comply with the latest applicable ARI, UL, ASHRAE, and I=B=R standards. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Follow established industry practice and engineering guidelines. D. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

Submit manufacturer’s product data that is project specific clearly indicating the size, model, capacity and sound data and electric data for motor-driven equipment.

E. FINNED TUBE RADIATION

1. Commercial radiation shall be a minimum 18 gauge cold-rolled steel full backplate, minimum 16 gauge front. Brace and reinforce front minimum of 4’-0” o.c. without visible fasteners. Elements shall be copper tube and aluminum fins, with tube mechanically expanded into fin. Exposed parts shall be factory finished baked enamel, color to be selected from manufacturer’s offering of standard colors. Include all accessories as required to install a complete system including end caps, access panels, inside corners, outside corners, etc.

2. Install end caps where units butt against walls. Install access panels centered in front of each shutoff valve, steam trap and temperature control valve.

F. CONVECTORS

1. Minimum 16 gauge painted steel front and top panels, 18 gauge painted side panels, and 20 gauge galvanized back panels. Secure fronts in place with quick opening slide bolts or camlock fasteners. Elements shall consist of aluminum fins on copper tubes, and cast iron headers suitable for use in steam or hot water systems. Convectors shall be pre-finished, color to be selected from manufacturer’s offering of standard colors.

G. UNIT HEATERS

1. Horizontal unit heaters shall be constructed of steel, phosphatized inside and out, and finished with baked enamel. Provide motor-mounted panel, minimum of 18 gauge steel. Fabricate casing to enclose coil, louvers, and fan blades. Fans shall be constructed of aluminum, and factory balanced.

2. Vertical unit heaters shall be constructed of steel, phosphatized inside and out, and finished baked enamel. Design casing to enclose fan, motor, and coil, design fan orifice formed into discharge

15880-2 Heating Terminal Units 12-15-03

panel. Fans shall be constructed of aluminum and factory balanced. Motor and fan assembly is removable through fan outlet panel.

3. Coils shall be constructed of plate type aluminum fins, mechanically bonded to copper tubes. Design coil for use in steam or hot water applications. Provide totally enclosed motors with built-in overload protection.

4. Hang units from building substrate, not from piping. Mount as high as possible to maintain greatest headroom possible.

H. CABINET HEATERS

1. Minimum 16 gauge painted steel front and top panels, 18 gauge painted side panels, and 20 gauge galvanized back panels. Secure fronts in place with quick opening slide bolts or camlock fasteners. Elements shall consist of aluminum fins on copper tubes, and cast iron headers suitable for use in steam or hot water systems. Provide 1” thick throwaway type filters. Cabinet heaters shall be pre-finished, color to be selected from manufacturer’s offering of standard colors.

2. Provide centrifugal, forward curved double width fans. Construct fan scrolls of galvanized steel. Motors shall be shaded pole motors with integral thermal overload protection.

I. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products manufactured by one of the following:

1. Fin Tube Radiation a. Dunham-Bush, Inc. b. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp. c. Vulcan Radiator Co. 2. Convectors a. Airtherm Mfg. Co. b. Dunham-Bush, Inc. c. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp. 3. Unit Heaters a. Airtherm Mfg. Co. b. Dunham-Bush, Inc. c. Modine Mfg. Co. d. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp. 4. Cabinet Heaters a. Airtherm Mfg. Co. b. Dunham-Bush, Inc. c. McQuay Inc. d. Sterling Radiator, Div. of Reed National Corp.

15886-1 Filters 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15886 FILTERS A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying filters. Unless specifically

indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment. 2. This Section includes the following categories of filters: a. Bag filters b. Cartridge-type rigid filters with extended service life c. HEPA filters B. STANDARDS 1. Electronic Air Cleaners and Electrical Devices and Accessories should be listed and labeled as

defined in NFPA 70, Article 100 by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction. 2. Filters should comply with NFPA 90A and NFPA 90B. 3. Filters should be rated in compliance with ASHRAE 52.1 for method of testing and rating air filter

units. 4. All electronic and electrical devices should comply with NFPA 70 for installing electrical

components. 5. All filters should be listed as Class 1 for Underwriter’s Laboratories Standard 900. C. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. All air supplied by a forced air type unit or system should be filtered. Filters should be provided

upstream of all coils. The types of filters should be consistent with the type of system served by the system.

2. Adequate clearances should be provided for cleaning or changing filters. 3. The specifications should require the Contractor to provide a new set of filter media prior to

turnover of the equipment to the University. 4. Each bank of filters should be provided with a air filter gauge for measuring the resistance to air

flow through the filter. The gauge should have a scale of 0 to 2 in. w.g, calibrated in 0.02 in w.g. increments.

5. All filters must be identified by a Columbia University Filter ID Number. The manufacturer, model

number, U.L. Class and size should be marked on the filter frame. 6. Install filter frames according to manufacturer’s written instructions. 7. When bag, cartridge or HEPA filters are used, 2” thick disposable pre-filters should be provided.

15886-2 Filters 12-15-03

8. In general, air handling units should have either bag or cartridge type filters. 9. Roll-type filters and electrostatic filters should not be used unless specifically approved by the

University. D. FILTER EFFICIENCY 1. Filter efficiency shall be protect specific. However, the University is striving to maintain a high

indoor air quality and as a general requirement 80-85% efficient should be considered minimum. Review parameters with University Engineering Staff.

E. BOX TYPE FILTER CLASS 1 (80-85% EFFICIENCY) 1. The filter element should be factory connected by pleating a continuous sheet of water resistant

fine fibered glass media into closely spaced pleats with double thickness safe edge aluminum separators.

2. The frame should be constructed of galvanized steel not more than 12” deep. 3. Filters should be approved and listed as U.L. Class 1. 4. Filters should have a minimum average efficiency of 80-85% per ASHRAE Standard 52-76 test

method. 5. Filters must have a gross media area of not less than 105 ft2 for 24 x 24 x 12 size 50 ft2 for 24 x 24 x 6 size 47 ft2 for 12 x 24 x 12 size 22 ft2 for 12 x 24 x 6 size 6. Initial pressure drop should not exceed 0.50” w.g. when operating at rated cfm and a face velocity

of 500 fpm, and should be capable of reaching 1.2” w.g. without unloading or collapsing. F. BAG TYPE FILTER CLASS 1 OR 2 (80-85% AND 90-95% EFFICIENCY) 1. Filters should be approved and listed as U.L. Class 1 or Class 2, and should have headers of

galvanized steel construction. 2. All seams should be sealed on both sides of stitches with a thermoplastic sealer. Staples are

unacceptable. 3. Filters should have a minimum average efficiency of 80-85% or 90-95% per ASHRAE Standard

52-76 test method. 4. Filters must have the minimum capacities as follows: 24 x 24 x 30, 6 pockets - 2000 cfm @ 500 fpm 12 x 24 x 30, 3 pockets - 1000 cfm @ 500 fpm 24 x 24 x 15, 10 pockets - 1500 cfm @ 375 fpm 12 x 24 x 15, 5 pockets - 750 cfm @ 375 fpm

15886-3 Filters 12-15-03

5. Individual pockets should be divided into channels by the use of Aspan™ stitching for proper inflation of pockets at rated load.

6. The fiberglass media should be manufactured by Owens Corning or The Manville Co. 7. Filters should be run to a final resistance of 1” w.g.. All filters should be capable of reaching 1.5”

w.g. without unloading or collapsing. G. PLEATED PANEL TYPE FILTER CLASS 2 (30% EFFICIENCY) 1. Filters should be approved and listed as Class 2. Filter frame should be constructed of high wet

strength, moisture-resistant beverage board. The pleated media should be bonded to the inside of the frame on all four edges.

2. The filter media should form a contoured pleats shape with a metal pleat support behind the media.

The support retainers should be bonded to the pleats on both the entering and leaving air sides. 3. The filter media should be a blend of non-woven cotton and synthetic fibers. 4. Filters should have a minimum average efficiency of 25-30% per ASHRAE Standard 52-76 test

method. H. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

1. Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products manufactured by one of the following:

a. AAF International b. Farr Company c. Flanders Filters, Inc. d. Koch Filter Corporation

15900-1 Building Automation Systems 12-15-03

DIVISION 15

15900 BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (BAS)

A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying the installation of building

automation systems (BAS). Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes the following BAS components: a. Sensors, transmitters. b. Automatic control valves. c. Automatic dampers. d. Pneumatic instruments. B. STANDARDS 1. Codes: All work shall conform with the following codes and standards, where applicable; when a

conflict occurs, follow the most stringent requirements. a. National Electrical Code (NEC) b. Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL) c. Factory Mutual (FM) d. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) e. National Electric Manufacturers’ Association (NEMA) f. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) g. Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) h. Electronics Industries Association (EIA) i. Electrical Code of the City of New York j. Building Code of the City of New York k. Conform to standards of good practice 2. Components to conform to industry-wide standards for identification of values of capacitance and

resistance. Solid-state components to be identified with standard American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Detail special components in submittals; attentively source and cross-reference them to nearest applicable standard components.

3. System listed, labeled, or approved by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. and/or Factory Mutual

System. System shall comply with applicable provisions of following NFPA standards for local building codes, and meet requirements of local authorities having jurisdiction:

a. NFPA 72A Local Protective Signaling System b. NFPA 72D Proprietary Protective Signaling System c. NFPA 72E Standard for Automatic Fire Detectors d. NFPA 90A Air Conditioning and Ventilating System 4. In accordance with Article 760 of National Electrical Code (NFPA 70).


C. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS 1. The University has standardized on Andover Controls and Siemens Building Technologies as the

acceptable manufacturers for building automation systems in campus buildings. Other systems should not be considered. The Andover Controls Continuum Series or Siemens Synco Series controller systems should be specified.

D. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. The design of the BAS should network operator workstations and stand-alone direct digital control

(DDC) panels on a peer-to-peer communications network. 2. Operator workstations and DDC panels should directly reside on a local area network (LAN) such

that communications may be executed directly between controllers, directly between workstations, and between controllers and workstations on a peer-to-peer basis at a minimum speed of 10 megabaud.

3. All operator devices, either network resident or connected via dial-up modems, should have the

ability to access all point status and application report data, or execute control functions for any and all other devices, via the local area network.

4. General network design should provide for the following:

a. High speed data transfer rates for alarm reporting, quick report generation from multiple controllers, and upload/download efficiency between network devices.

b. Support of any combination of controllers and operator workstations directly connected to the local area network.

c. Detection and accommodation of single or multiple failures of either workstations, DDC panels or the network media. The network should include provisions for automatically reconfiguring itself to allow all operational equipment to perform their designated functions as effectively as possible in the event of a single or multiple failures.

d. Message and alarm buffering to prevent information from being lost. e. Error detection, correction, and retransmission to guarantee data integrity. f. Default device definition to prevent loss of alarms or data. g. Automatic synchronization of the real-time clocks in all DDC panels.

5. Auto-dial/auto-answer communications should be provided to allow stand-alone DDC panels to

communicate with remote operator devices on an intermittent basis via telephone lines.

6. Control software should include: a. Pretest control algorithms, including:

1) Two-position control 2). Proportional control 3) Proportional plus integral control 4) Proportional, integral, plus derivative control 5) Control loop tuning.

b. Equipment cycling. c. Heavy equipment delays. d. Powerfail motor restart.


7. Energy management application software should include the following routines: a. Time of day scheduling. b. Calendar based scheduling. c. Holiday scheduling. d. Temporary schedule overrides. e. Optimal start. f. Optimal stop. g. Night setback. h. Enthalpy switchover (economizer operation) i. Peak demand limiting. j. Temperature compensated load rolling. k. Fan speed/CFM control l. Heating/cooling interlock m. Cold deck reset n. Hot deck reset o. Hot water reset p. Chilled water reset q. Chiller sequencing

8. DDC panels should be able to execute custom, job specific processes, defined by the operator to automatically perform calculations and special control routines.

9. Alarm management should be provided to monitor, buffer and direct alarm reports to operator

devices and memory files. 10. Totalization capability should be provided for runtime, analog/pulse and event totalization. 11. Operator interface software should provide the following features:

a. English language prompting b. Graphical and text-based display of all system point and application data. c. Multiple, concurrent displays d. Live BAS data exchange e. Password protection f. Operator commands g. Logs and summaries h. Third party interface capability for database and spreadsheet applications. i. Remote paging. j. Multi-color printing k. Color graphic display l. System configuration and definition

E. BACNET COMPATIBILITY 1. Building automation systems specified for installation should be ASHRAE BACnet compatible to

allow interoperability between different manufacturers of systems. System level controllers should be specified to be BACnet compatible or fully BACnet compliant utilizing BACnet protocol software. Workstations should be specified with operator-interface software containing BACnet driver software to allow communication with other BACnet compatible systems.


F. SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Submit shop drawings and product data, including the following for each proposed BAS:

a. System architecture diagrams. b. Descriptive literature for workstation computers and all DDC controllers and input/output

cards. c. Point list. d. Descriptive literature on all field instrument components, including thermostats,

thermistors, pressure sensors, humidistats, freezestats, enthalpy sensors, etc. e. Panel wiring diagrams. f. Network wiring diagrams. g. System operating software. h. System applications software. i. Graphical display screens. j. Security access levels. k. Form of guarantee and warranty.

2. Upon completion of the project, require the Contractor to submit “as-built” drawings, both on

electronic media (i.e., CD-ROM) as well as mylar drawing reproducibles.

3. Upon completion of the project, require the Contractor to submit operating and maintenance manuals for all equipments, components and software provided.

4. Upon completion of the project, require the Contractor to submit duplicate copies (2) of a CD-ROM of system operating and applications software with setpoint and alarm values for all points installed.

G. QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. Provide manufacturers certification that all materials meet or exceed the minimum requirements

specified herein. 2. Require all BAS work to comply with the following:

a. New York City Building Code. b. New York State Energy Conservation Construction Code. c. National Electric Code. d. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes.

H. FIELD INSTRUMENTATION 1. General a. Provide field I/O devices as indicated on Contract Drawings and Specifications. b. Where performance specifications exceed capabilities of hardware specified, performance

governs. c. Distance from analog input sensors to direct digital control panels should not exceed 200 ft.

All analog input signals should be converted to 4-20 mA current output at sensing point. d. Minimum Contact Rating: 5 amp, 24 volts resistive. e. Switching differential should be adjustable as required to provide proper system control. f. Transmitter power supplies in direct digital control panel.


g. Devices UL listed for electrical safety where applicable. h. All components of sensors exposed to process should be rated to withstand 150 percent of

maximum process temperature and pressure. 2. Sensors, Transmitters a. General: Contractors are encouraged to submit alternate cost-saving equipment to be

reviewed by Columbia University. 1) Accuracy, from sensed parameter to digital readout at direct digital control panel

should include inaccuracies introduced by sensor, transmitter, wiring, I/O module and analog-to-digital convertor.

a) Temperature and Pressure: plus or minus 1½ percent of span (or as

noted). b) Humidity: plus or minus 2 percent of span (or as noted). 2) Maximum transmitter spans (normal operating point at mid-scale): a) Room Temperature: 50°F. b) Chilled Water: 50°F. c) Condenser Water: 100°F. d) Duct Air Temperature: (1) Heating: 100°F. or as required by maximum duct temperature. (2) Cooling: 50°F. e) Dewpoint Temperature: 100°F. f) Room Air and Return Air Humidity: 60 percent RH g) Outside Air Temperature: 150°F. (-30°F. to 120°F.) 3) Transmitters should have built-in circuit protection against reverse polarity and

supply voltage transients. b. Temperature Transfer Assembly: Liquid Insertion 1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD and a solid-

state, 2- wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for pipe mounting.

2) The transmitter should be compatible with the temperature element and the direct digital control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or minus 1°F. over the entire operating span, as noted.

3) Include a stainless steel thermowell with a variable extension for pipe insulation and threaded connection to pipe, maximum length should be 6 in. or ¾ of pipe diameter, whichever is smaller.

c. Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Air Stream, Averaging 1) The assembly should consist of an averaging type 100 or a 1000 OHM RTD

housed in a flexible sheath and a solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for duct mounting.


2) The transmitter should be compatible with the temperature element and DDCP. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or minus 1.0°F. over the entire operating span. Span should be as specified.

3) Probe Length: 1 ft. per 4 square feet of duct area. d. Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Air Stream, Non-Averaging 1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD mounted on a

rigid probe and a solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for duct mounting.

2) The transmitter should be matched to the temperature element and compatible with the DDCP. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or minus 1.0°F. over the entire operating span. The span should be as specified.

3) Probe Length: 18 in. or ½ duct diameter, whichever is smaller. e. Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Space 1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD and a solid-

state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a decorative ventilated enclosure, similar in appearance to room thermostats.

2) The transmitter should be compatible with the temperature element and the direct digital control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or minus 1°F. over the entire operating span.

f. Humidity and Temperature Transmitter Assembly: Outside air 1) The assembly should consist of a 100 or a 1000 OHM platinum RTD and a chilled

mirror dewpoint assembly, two solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitters mounted in a housing suitable for outdoor installation. The sensing elements should be installed in a ventilated weatherproof enclosure.

2) The transmitters should be matched to their respective sensing elements and compatible with the DDCP. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy plus or minus 1°F. dewpoint over a range of 10 percent – 95 percent RH and an accuracy of plus or minus 1°F. dry bulb over the entire operating span.

g. Humidity Transmitter Assembly: Space 1) Assembly should consist of a capacitive type humidity sensing element and a solid-

state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a decorative ventilated enclosure similar in appearance to room thermostats.

2) The transmitter should be compatible with the sensing element and the direct digital control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of plus or minus 3 percent RH over a range of 10 percent – 95 percent RH.

h. Humidity Transmitter Assembly: Air Stream 1) The assembly should consist of a capacitive type humidity sensing element and a

solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for duct mounting.

2) The transmitter should be compatible with the sensing element and the direct digital control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of


plus or minus 3 percent RH over a range of 10 percent – 95 percent RH or plus or minus 2°F. over a range of minus 40°F. to 150°F. dewpoint.

3) Probe Length: 8 in. (minimum). i. Magnetic Flow Transmitter Assembly: Water 1) The assembly should consist of a magnetic type flow meter, and a solid-state, 2-

wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for mounting in the central plant.

2) The transmitter should be compatible with the meter and with the direct digital control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated and field-installed to an accuracy of plus or minus 1.5 percent of the actual flow rate over the entire operating span.

3) The meter should be rated for temperature and pressure conditions of piping in which it is installed.

j. Flow Transmitter Assembly – Ultrasonic 1) The assembly should consist of a transit time ultrasonic type flow meter, and a

solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20 mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for mounting in an exposed mechanical space.

2) The transmitter should be compatible with the meter and the FPS. The assembly should be factory-calibrated and field-installed to an accuracy of plus or minus 1.5 percent of the actual flow rate over the entire operating span.

3) Transmitter should have built-in circuit protection against reverse polarity and supply voltage transients.

4) The meter should be strap-on type. Provide with mounting hardware and verification of installation by manufacturer.

5) Manufacturer: Controlatron – System D45. k. Flow Measuring Assembly: Air (Pitot) 1) Multiple manifolded, pitot type sensing average velocity pressure. Each station

should be complete with air directionalizer and parallel cell profile suppressor. Designed for installation at fan discharge and short approach conditions.

2) Provide with transducer and 4-20 mA transmitter for connection to direct digital control panel. Accuracy plus or minus 0.25 percent of span. Temperature compensated. Provide adjustable span or fixed spans as follows: 0-.10, 0-.25, 0-.50 in W.C.; select span which most closely matches station flow range.

3) Total Accuracy: Plus or minus 2 percent of design CFM from 550 to 3000 FPM. l. Pressure Transmitter Assembly: Air Streams 1) The assembly should consist of a pressure sensor and a solid-state, 2-wire, 4-20

mA transmitter contained in a housing suitable for duct mounting. 2) The transmitter should be compatible with the pressure sensor and the direct digital

control panel. The assembly should be factory-calibrated to an accuracy of 0.05 in W.G. over a range of 0-4 in W.G.

3) Probe: 8 in. pitot tube, brass.


m. Differential Pressure Transmitter Assembly: Water. 1) Should consist of a differential pressure sensor and an electronic 2-wire, 4-20 mA

transmitter assembly. Should be enclosed in a gasketed, dust and watertight case. All bodies open to the process fluid should be provided with drain ports and the cavity bottom and vent ports at the top of the cavity. Both drain and vent ports should be minimum ¼ in. NPT.

2) The differential pressure range span should be adjustable to permit elevation of a minimum of 50 percent of range. This adjustment should be made within the transmitter housing without a change of parts. The transmitter should be capable of sustaining differential pressures in either direction, up to the body rating without damage to the instrument or a loss of accuracy or zero shift.

3) The transmitter should be fully compensated for both process and ambient temperature variations. The transmitter should be furnished complete with input gauges and factory mounted, 5-valve manifold as manufactured by Anderson-Greenwood, Model MGAV-S4, or approved equal.

n. Differential Pressure Switch: Water 1) Brass bellows should operate snap-acting SPDT contacts. 2) High and low sensing ports should be ¼ in. NPT. 3) Adjustable operating range capable of sustaining 75 psig in either direction. o. Current Monitor Switch 1) Provide current monitor relay to detect status of pumps, fans, and as required.

Install in existing motor control centers by inserting wire through magnetic current transformer or direct to terminals for less than 20 amp rating.

2) Provide current transformer to match motor run current, 600 volt rating. 3) Provide 120 VAC, 60 Hz. 4) Output contact rating, minimum, 5A, 110V, resistive. 5) UL listed. 6) Adjustable trip point and dropout to prevent nuisance tripping, with automatic

reset. p. Differential Pressure Switch: Air 1) Should be diaphragm-operated and actuate an SPDT snap-acting switch. Operating

point should be adjustable. Range should suit application. 2) High and low sensing ports should be 1/8 in. NPT connected to angle type tips

designed to sense pressure. q. Differential Pressure Switch: Filters, Non-Indicating 1) Should be diaphragm-operated to actuate SPDT snap-acting switch. Operating

point should be adjustable. Range should suit application. 2) High and low sensing ports should be 1/8 in. NPT connected to angle type tips

designed to sense pressure. r. Damper End Switch 1) Should be oil-tight, roller type, SPDT snap-acting switch.


2) Mechanism to provide ample travel to prevent stress on damper and control equipment.

s. Low Limit Thermostat 1) Should have a 20-foot flexible vapor charged element. When temperature sensed

by any 12 in. segment of the element falls below setpoint (usually 35°F.), thermostat should operate SPDT or DPDT contacts as required.

2) One per every 16 sq. ft. of coil. 3) Manual reset. t. Electric Room Thermostat 1) Should consist of a bi-metal sensing element and snap-acting SPDT contacts

housed in a ventilated enclosure suitable for wall mounting. 2) Setpoint should be adjustable. u. Electric Switches 1) Provide panel-mounted electric switches as required. 2) Manufacturer: a) Allen Bradley. b) Square D. c) Or approved equal. v. Control Relays 1) DPDT contacts or as required. 2) LED indicator light. 3) 11 pin plug-in base. 4) Contacts rated 5 amps at 110 VAC minimum. 5) UL listed as an electric appliance. w. Auxiliary or Alarm Contacts 1) Contact and sensing device provided by others. 2) Interface hardware and wiring under this Contract. 3. Automatic Control Valves a. All automatic control valves should be fully proportioning with modulating plug of v-port

inner guides, unless otherwise specified. b. The valves should be quiet in operation and fail safe in either normally open or normally

closed position in the event of the control air failure. Valves capable of operating at varying rates of speed to correspond to the exact dictates of the controllers and variable load requirements and should be capable of operating in sequence when required by the sequence of operation.

c. Should be sized by the control manufacturer and should be guaranteed to meet the coil loads as specified. All control valves should be suitable for the pressure conditions as noted for piping system in which installed and should close against the differential pressures involved.


All control valves should have throttling guides and renewable seats and discs with stainless steel polished stems.

d. Valve operators (industrial type) should be of the motorized type sized to insure tight seating against maximum design differential pressure plus 25%.

e. Valves 2 in. and smaller should have bronze bodies with screwed ends. Valves 2½ in. and larger should have iron bodies with flanged ends. Valves should have sufficient stuffing box protection to insure against leakage at hydrostatic head involved.

f. Characteristics: 1) Chilled Water Service: Equal percentage flow characteristics, single seated type. 2) Hot Water Service: Equal percentage, single seated. For water temperature 250°F.

or greater, provide stainless steel plug. 3) Steam Service: Equal percentage flow characteristics, single seated. For steam at

50 psi or greater, provide stainless steel plug. 4) Bypass Service: Linear flow characteristics. Double seated. g. Valve Action 1) Cooling valves normally closed. 2) Preheat valves normally open. 3) Reheat valves normally closed. 4) Humidity control valve normally closed (spring return type). h. Sizes 1) Two position Valves: Line size unless noted. 2) Throttling Valve a) Water Service: Maximum pressure drop should be equal to the pressure

drop of the associated coil or exchanger, or 5 psi, whichever is greater. b) Steam Service: Minimum pressure drop equal to 80 percent of steam inlet

pressure but not greater than 50 percent of absolute pressure. c) Relief and Bypass Valves: Sized according to pressure available. d) Chilled Water Service: Where load exceeds capacity of 4 in. control

valve, provide two valves operating in sequence. The larger valve should have a coefficient of flow (CV) that is between 2 and 3 times larger than the smaller valve.

e) Steam and Hot Water Service: Where load exceeds capacity of 2½ in. valve, provide two valves. The larger valve should have a coefficient of flow that is between 2 and 3 times larger than the smaller valve.

i. Provide mechanical direct reading movement indicators on all valves located in mechanical

rooms and any valves 2½ in. or larger. j. Valve actuators should be pneumatic type operating in a 3 to 15 psi range. 1) Actuators should be spring return to normal. 2) Actuators should operate over the full range unless otherwise noted. 4. Automatic Dampers a. Construction


1) Blades a) Extruded aluminum air foil type. b) Width: (1) Minimum: 4 in. (2) Maximum: 8 in. c) Length: Maximum 48 in. d) Gauge: 16 minimum. e) Modulating Dampers: Opposed-blade type. f) At Points of Contact: Interlocking edges of compressible seals, selected

for temperature of (minus –50 to 180°F.) at specified leakage rate. g) Leakage When Closed: Guaranteed less than 10 CFM per square foot at

4 in. W.G. static pressure, less than 5 CFM per square foot at 1 in. W.G. static pressure.

2) Operators: With sufficient power to limit leakage to specified rate. 3) Operating Linkages: a) Factory-assembled. b) Capable of withstanding load equal to twice maximum operating force of

damper operator, without deflection. 4) Frames: a) Should match material of ductwork. b) Gauge: 13 minimum. c) Corner bracing for dampers above 4 square feet. d) Full size of duct or opening in which installed. 5) Trunions: Steel 6) Bearings: a) Bronze sleeve, nylon or ball. b) Thrust bearings for vertically mounted dampers. c) Maximum Spacing: 48 in. 7) Steel Parts: Zinc-crossed or with two coats of rust-inhibitive paint. 8) Smoke Control Dampers: Same as control dampers except classified under UL

Standard 555-S for use in smoke control systems. 9) Coordinate with mechanical drawings for all damper locations and quantities. 5. Pneumatic Instruments a. Positive Positioning Relays 1) Provide for modulating valves and/or dampers operating in sequence. Provide on

all valves 2½ in. and larger. 2) Adjustable starting point and operating range. b. Damper Actuator: Variable inlet vanes.


1) Should be spring return piston type with rolling diaphragm or double-acting cylinder type. Provide with factory-installed positive position relay.

2) Provide actuators capable of operating inlet vanes in accordance with fan manufacturers recommendations.

3) Main air, high pressure and control air, and all required interface hardware/tubing provided under this Contract.

c. Damper Actuator: Controllable pitch blades. 1) Actuator and positioner provided by others. 2) High pressure main air, control air, and all required interface hardware/tubing

provided under this Contract. 6, Materials, Pneumatic Tubing a. Copper tubing should be round seamless per ASTM B-75, CA Alloy 122, hard drawn and

soft annealed, eddy current tested, free from contamination per ASTM B-68. For sizes ½” or less: .022 wall thickness minimum; for sizes greater than ½ inch: Class M minimum.

b. Use hard drawn type, except soft annealed type may be used for concealed areas. c. Support should be by means of non-ferrous clamps and hangers fastened to the building

structure. d. All tubing should be supported at regular intervals to prevent sagging. e. Plastic tubing should be black single, twin or jacketed bundled multi-tube, virgin low density

polyethylene ASTM D-1248, Type 1, Category 4, Class C, self-extinguishing (FR) plastic, UL 94-V2 flammability classification, UL listed.

f. Exposed tubing should be copper and plastic in EMT. g. Copper tubing must be used in MER’s and outdoor applications. h. Concealed But Accessible Locations: Tubing should be copper and plastic in EMT and

jacketed bundled multitube. i. Concealed Inaccessible Areas: Tubing should be copper, plastic in EMT and jacketed

bundled multitube. Provide for 30 percent spares. j. Thermostat Mains and Branches: While run vertical in a wall may be copper and jacketed

bundled multitube plastic. 7. Tags (Nameplates) a. Provide nameplates for the following list of all equipment provided. The tags will be

lamicoid plates with sticky back to identify all supplied equipment. The tags will be a minimum of 1” by 2”.

1) Filter pressure sensors. 2) Temperature sensors. 3) Flow transmitters. 4) Temperature low limits. 5) Pressure differential switches. 6) Duct static pressure sensors. 7) Accessory panels. 8) DDC panels. 9) Pneumatic devices. 10) Air flow stations and sensors. 11) Reheat control valves. 12) Finned tube radiator valves.


8. Accessories a. Compressed Air System 1) Compressors a) Quantity: 2 b) Capacity of Each Compressor: Sufficient to supply required air volume;

operating maximum 1/3 of time. Submit all sizing calculations. c) Motors: Minimum of 10 horsepower required, 90% efficiency. d) Lubricated reciprocating type. 2) Air Storage Tanks a) Quantity: 1 b) Total Capacity: Sufficient to limit each compressor to 4 starts per hour. c) Steel: Hot-dipped galvanized after fabrication. d) Working Pressure: Minimum 300 psi. e) Constructed, stamped in accordance with ASME Code for Unfired

Vessels. f) Valve drain connection. 3) Accessories a) Alternator for automatically changing starting sequence of compressors,

lead-lag control. (1) First Compressor: Operates between 100 and 80 psi. (2) Second Compressor: Automatically starts if tank pressure falls

below 75 psi. b) Automatic traps on compressed air storage tanks, air dryers, piped to

drain. c) Three-stage Filters: One micron coalescing high-efficiency prefilters,

after filters 99 percent oil, .03 micron solid particle removal. Carbon-absorbent after filters. With automatic drain and clear bowl.

d) Intake silencers. e) Relief valves. f) Pressure switches. g) Gauges. h) Refrigeration-type Air Dryer: To lower 100 psi dewpoint to 38°F. i) Drains. j) Bypasses. k) Shutoff valves. l) Operation isolators for compressors, piping in accordance with Section

“Vibration Isolation.” b. Control Cabinets 1) Freestanding or front access wall-mounted type. 2) Doors: Maximum 3 feet wide.


3) Provide with framed, plastic-encased control diagram of respective system secured to cabinet (on the inside of door).

I. CONTROLLERS 1. Controllers should be electronic modular controllers with ROM, EEPROM and SRAM memory

utilized for specific applications should be capable of receiving from 4 to 64 analog and digital inputs from such devices as thermistors, humidistats and pressure sensors and capable of sending from 4 to 64 analog and digital output signals to such devices as control valves, dampers and relays. Both input and output signals should be received and sent from input/output modules directly connected to the unitary controller on DIN-rail mount. Controllers should be provided with battery back-up to allow for orderly shutdown in the event of a power supply failure.

2. Workstation computers should function as operator workstations and system file-servers. They

should store and archive information in a database and provide operator interface. Computers should be provided with the fastest microprocessor chip available at time of Contract award. Each computer should be provided with minimum 100 gigabit hard drive, 512 megabit system RAM, modem, uninterruptible power supply, 17-inch flat-screen color monitor, video card, network card, laser printer, latest edition Microsoft Office software, latest edition Microsoft Windows operating system, latest edition McAfee Virus scan software, and latest edition BAS system software.

3. Provide modular uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) on workstations and control panels to both

condition incoming power and provide battery back-up in the event of a power supply failure. J. WIRING 1. Refer to Division 16 – Electrical Standards for Installation of Conduit and Raceway. 2. Conductors a. ASTM Standards: Solid No. 10 through 14 stranded No. 8 and larger. 1) Type: Copper, soft, 98% minimum conductivity, properly refined. 2) Size Reference: AWG except as noted. a) Power Systems (1) No. 12 minimum, except grounding. (2) At 120 Volts and Over, 100 Foot Circuit Length: No. 10

minimum. b) Signal Grounding (1) No. 10 minimum. c) 50 Volt to 120 Volt Control and Alarm: No. 14 except as noted. d) Less than 50 volt control and alarm, except as noted (1) No. 18 minimum. e) Provide size as required to minimize voltage drop, in accordance with

electrical code.


f) Increase raceway sizes for larger wire as required, inaccordance with electrical code.

g) Cables should meet Underwriters Laboratories Standards and be so-labeled.

b. Wire Coding 1) Exterior of wires should bear repetitive markings along their entire length

indicating conductor size, insulation type, and voltage rating. 2) Factory color coding for cables should be as follows: 120 volt single phase, ed

and white. White conductors should serve as neutral. 3) Factory color coding for fables should be as follows: 220/380 volts, brown,

orange, yellow and white. White conductors should serve as neutral. 4) Wire Color Coding: As per Code. Where color-coded cable is not available,

certify in writing and request approval for overlap color taping conductors (minimum length 6”) in accessible locations. Color coding, once selected, must be used consistently for the entire project.

c. Motor control wiring should be #14 AWG THWN conductors except in conjunction with

a manual starter use conductors equal in size to those in power circuit. d. Insulation 1) Rubber and Thermoplastic: ASTM and IPCEA Standards. 2) Type: THW, THWN, THHN, XHHW, 600 volt rated. e. Accessories 1) Cable Lugs and Taps: Solderless pressure type. 2) Cable Lug Connections: Compression type of same metal as conductor. 3. Signal and Communication System Wiring a. Conductors: Copper. b. Minimum Size 1) Data Trunk and LAN Communications Cable: No. 16, twisted shielded pair. 2) Signal Wiring: No. 18 twisted pair. 3) Analog 4-20 mA and RTD Wiring: No. 18 twisted shielded pair. 4) Data Trunk: No. 16 twisted shielded pair. 5) Intercommunications: No. 16 twisted shielded pair. 6) Fan System Control: No. 14. 7) Speakers: No. 14. 8) D.C. Power Supplies: No. 14. c. Insulation 1) Plenum Cable a) 600 volt, 392°F., teflon. Minimum 15 mils inner insulation thickness,

25 mil outer sheath, non-flame supporting. b) UL listed, general use, plenum, Class 2, Class 3, FPLP, power limited

cable, NEC 725-38b(1), NEC 732-31b, NEC 760-28C(3).


c) Approved equal. 2) Plenum approved cable with no carrier is permitted for signal circuits where

concealed in hung ceilings. 3) When plenum cable is not installed in raceway, provide a) Stainless steel braid, 92 percent coverage. b) Aluminum, 1.27 mil, mylar shielded with #22 AWG copper tinned

shield drain. 4) Non-Plenum Cable a) UL listed, general use, Class 2, Class 3, FPL, NEC 725-38b, NEC-723-

31b, NEC 760-28c(1). b) Approved equal. 5) Riser Cable a) UL listed, riser, Class 2, Class 3, FPLR, NEC 725-38b(2), NEC 723-

31b, NEC 760-28c(2). b) Approved equal. 4. Tags a. Fireproof linen or fiber in accessible locations. b. Control and Alarm Wiring: Indicate type control or alarm, size of wire, and points of

origin and terminations. c. Tags and wire numbers should be constant throughout wire run. K. COMMISSIONING AND TESTING 1. Specify that the building automation system contractor should fully commission and test his

installed system before acceptance by the University. For commissioning, he should prepare and submit for approval checklists of commissioning and testing procedures including a full point-to-point wiring checkout can be witnessed by an agency of the University. For commissioning and testing the building automation system, Contractor should provide all required testing and corrective equipment.

L. TYPICAL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS 1. In general, the system schematic diagrams contained in this Section are to be utilized in the design

of systems and specification of instrumentation for HVAC systems. Each of the following typical systems is illustrated with required instrumentation and sequence of operation.

a. Typical VAV system with variable frequency drive. b. Typical VAV system with variable inlet vanes. c. Typical constant air volume system. d. Typical multi-zone system. e. Typical dual duct system. f. Typical package DX/chilled water system. g. Typical package DX unit. h. Split DX system.


i. Constant air volume system with zoned terminal reheats. j. Heat exchanger (steam to hot water). k. Typical 100% outside air unit. l. Typical pump wiring and interlock diagram (hand-off-auto switch). m. Typical pump wiring and interlock diagram (VFD with hand-off-auto switch). n. Typical motor wiring and interlock diagram (VFD with hand-off-auto switch).

15980-1 Motors, Starters and Disconnects 12-15-03

DIVISION 15

15980 MOTORS, STARTERS AND DISCONNECTS

A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when designing and specifying motors, starters and disconnect

switches. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

B. MOTORS 1. General

a. Each motor should have capacity to start and operate the machine it drives without exceeding motor nameplate rating at the speed specified or at any speed and load which may be obtained by drive provided.

b. Each motor that is provided with automatic control should be capable of making as many frequent starts as required by the control device without damage, and without exceeding the maximum permissible hot spot temperature. Motors not provided with automatic control should be capable of making not less than 4 starts per hour without damage and without exceeding the maximum permissible hot spot temperature.

c. All belt-connected motors should be equipped with shafts and bearings that will withstand both the belt pull of drive furnished, and momentary or continuous overloads due to acceleration or incorrect belt tension.

d. Motors should be rated for continuous duty at 100 percent of rated capacity, and temperature rise should be based on an ambient temperature of 40°C. Temperature rise should not exceed 55°C for fully enclosed type, 55°C for splashproof type and 40°C for all other motors. Motors should be capable of withstanding momentary overloads of fifty percent without injurious heating. Service factors should be as follows:

Open Drip Proof Enclosure - 1.15 Totally Enclosed-Fan Cooled - 1.00 Encapsulated Windings - 1.00

e. One-third horsepower and larger motors should be three phase and motors smaller than

one-third horsepower should be single phase. f. Motors one-half horsepower and larger should have Class B insulation. Motors one-half

horsepower and larger should have ball or roller bearings with pressure grease lubrication.

g. All motor leads should be permanently identified and supplied with connectors. h. Direct connected motors should be furnished without an adjustable base. All motors

connected to belt driven equipment should be furnished with adjustable sliding bases. Fractional horsepower motors should have slotted mounting holes.

i. The insulation resistance between stator conductors and motor frames should be not less than 1/2 megohm.

j. All two speed motors should have single windings, and should be furnished with oversized junction box.

k. Motor efficiencies should be verified in accordance with NEMA standard NG1-12.53a. Minimum efficiencies should be as prescribed by Con Edison’s rebate program and as follows:


Horsepower Efficiency 5 87% 7.5 89% 10 90% 15 90% 20 91% 25 93% 30 93% 40 94% 50 94% 60 95% 75 95% 100 95% 125 95% 150 and larger 96%

l. Motor nameplates should bear the manufacturer’s name, motor serial number, horsepower, speed, voltage, phase and current characteristics.

m. Align motors, bases, shafts, pulleys and belts. Tension belts according to manufacturer’s written instructions.

2. Polyphase Motors

a. Polyphase motors should be NEMA MG 1, Design B, medium induction motors. b. Polyphase motors should have copper windings, unless otherwise indicated. c. Polyphase motors should have squirrel cage rotors, unless otherwise indicated. d. Bearings on polyphase motors should be double-shielded, prelubricated ball bearings

suitable for radial and thrust loading. e. Insulation rating should be Class F and temperature rise should match, unless otherwise

indicated. f. Enclosures for polyphase motors 7.5 HP and larger should be of the cast iron type.

Enclosures for polyphase motors smaller than 7.5 HP should be of the rolled steel type g. Finish on polyphase motors should be gray enamel.

3. Polyphase Motors With Additional Requirements

a. For motors used with reduced-inrush controllers, wiring connection requirements for

controller should be match with required motor leads. Terminals in motor terminal box should be provided suited to control method.

b. For motors used with variable frequency controllers, ratings, characteristics, and features should be coordinated with and approved by controller manufacturer.

1) These motors should be designed with critical vibration frequencies outside

operating range of controller output. 2) The temperature rise should be matched to rating for Class B insulation. 3) These motors should have Class H insulation. 4) These motors should comply with NEMA MG 1 requirements for thermally

protected motors.


c. Rugged-duty motors should be totally enclosed, with 1.25 minimum service factor, greased bearings, integral condensate drains, and capped relief vents. Windings should be insulated with nonhygroscopic material. 1) The finish on rugged-duty motors should be a chemical-resistant paint over

corrosion-resistant primer.

4. Single-phase motors should be chosen to suit starting torque and requirements of specific motor application. The three types that should be used are permanent-split capacitor, split-phase start capacitor run, or capacitor start capacitor run. a. Shaded-pole motors should be used for motors 1/20 hp and smaller only. b. On single-phase motors, there should be internal protection to automatically open power

supply circuit to motor when winding temperature exceeds a safe value calibrated to temperature rating of motor insulation. Thermal-protection device should automatically reset when motor temperature returns to normal range.

c. Bearings should be ball type for belt-connected motors and other motors with high radial forces on motor shaft. For other single-phase motors, the bearings should be of the sealed, prelubricated-sleeve type.

5. Motor Installation

a. Each motor assembly should be anchored to base, adjustable rails, or other support,

arranged and sized according to manufacturer’s written instructions. Attach by bolting. Level and align with load transfer link.

b. Motors should be installed on concrete bases. 6. Motors should be as manufactured by:

a. General Electric Company b. U.S. Motor Company c. Baldor

C. STARTERS 1. General

a. Each controller shall be mounted in a NEMA type enclosure suitable for the particular

service and/or location. b. Provide an HOA switch in the controller cover for all motors that are automatically

controlled. Pushbuttons are not required where HOA switches are used. c. Provide control circuit fusing in all controllers. d. Provide all necessary auxiliary contacts and transformers in controller. Provide time

delay relays for all interlocked motors. e. All pilot lights should be incandescent, candelabra base receptacles, with red or green

jewel. Provide pilot lights to indicate “Motor On.” Pilot lights should be “push-to-type” type.

f. All motor controllers and starters individually mounted should be of the following type: 1) Combination fused circuit breaker or unfused disconnect switch and magnetic

unfused controller with overload protection and low voltage protection.


2) Manual toggle switch operation 2 pole or single pole starter with overload protection in approved NEMA enclosure. Where motors are installed remote from starters, a pilot light should be provided.

g. All starters should have reset buttons and overload protection. For 3 phase starters, all

three phases should be protected. h. Starters should be individually enclosed in a neatly finished ventilated box of code gauge

steel, machine formed and welded. Boxes should have a door with a spring catch handle with the capability to lock the handle in an open position.

i. All magnetic starters should have a fused control circuit transformer of proper capacity with 115 volt secondary winding.

j. Enclosure sizes and wiring terminals should be suitable for the application of both copper and aluminum power control circuit wires.

k. Starters should be subject to the approval, as to limit of inrush current, as set up by the Utility Company. In general, starters should be located close to the equipment controlled.

l. Motor starters for motors 1/2 HP thru 100 HP and all automatically controlled motors should be magnetic across the line type, unless indicated otherwise.

m. Motor starters for motors smaller than 1/2 HP and not automatically controlled should be manual thermal overload switch type.

n. Motor starters for motors larger than 50 HP should be reduced voltage type. o. Starters must be installed in view of its motor. p. Manual enclosed controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, general purpose, Class A, with

toggle action and overload element.

3. Magnetic Enclosed Starters a. Magnetic enclosed starters should be NEMA ICS 2, Class A, full voltage, nonreversing,

across the line, unless otherwise indicated. b. The control circuit should be 120 V obtained from an integral control power transformer

with a control power transformer of sufficient capacity to operate connected pilot, indicating and control devices, plus 100 percent spare capacity.

c. Combination controllers should be factory assembled and have a disconnect switch.

1) Fusible Disconnecting Means: NEMA KS 1, heavy-duty, fusible switch with rejection-type fuse clips rated for fuses. Select and size fuses to provide Type 2 protection according to IEC 947-4-1, as certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

2) Circuit-Breaker Disconnecting Means: NEMA AB 1, motor-circuit protector with field-adjustable, short-circuit trip coordinated with motor locked-rotor amperes.

d. Overload relays should be the ambient-compensated type with inverse-time-current

characteristic and NEMA ICS 2, Class 10 tripping characteristic. Provide with heaters or sensors in each phase matched to nameplate full-load current of specific motor to which they connect and with appropriate adjustment for duty cycle.

e. Adjustable overload relays should be dipswitch selectable type for motor running overload protection with NEMA ICS 2, Class 10 tripping characteristic, and selected to protect motor against voltage and current unbalance and single phasing. Provide relay with Class II ground-fault protection, with start and run delays to prevent nuisance trip on starting.


f. Multispeed enclosed controllers should match motor type, application, and number of speeds. The following accessories should be included:

1) Compelling relay to ensure motor will start only at low speed. 2) Accelerating relay to ensure properly timed acceleration through speeds lower

than that selected. 3) Decelerating relay to ensure automatically timed deceleration through each

speed. 4) Hi-low-off-auto switch with pilot lights for each speed.

g. Star-delta controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, closed transition with adjustable time

delay. h. Magnetic controllers should be as manufactured by G.E., Square ‘D’, or Allen-Bradley.

4. Autotransformer reduced-voltage controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, closed transition.

5. Solid-state, reduced-voltage controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, and suitable for use with NEMA

MG 1, Design B, polyphase, medium induction motors.

a. Adjustable acceleration rate control utilizing voltage or current ramp, and adjustable starting torque control with up to 500 percent current limitation for 20 seconds.

b. Surge suppressor in solid-state power circuits providing 3-phase protection against damage from supply voltage surges 10 percent or more above nominal line voltage.

c. LED indicators showing motor and control status, including control power available, controller on, overload trip, loss of phase, and shorted silicon-controlled rectifier.

d. Automatic voltage-reduction controls to reduce voltage when motor is running at light load.

e. Motor running contactor operating automatically when full voltage is applied to motor. f. Solid state starters should be factory assembled and have a circuit-breaker disconnecting

means by NEMA AB, thermal-magnetic breaker. g. Solid state starters should be equipped with by-pass contacts that close when the motor

has attained full speed so the motor is running across-the-line. h. Solid state controllers should be as manufactured by G.E., Square ‘D’ or Allen-Bradley.

6. Variable-Frequency Controllers

a. Variable-frequency controllers should be NEMA ICS 2, pulse-width-modulated. They should be listed and labeled as a complete unit and arranged to provide variable speed of a NEMA MG 1, Design B, 3-phase, induction motor by adjusting output voltage and frequency.

b. The load type should be matched such as fans, blowers, and pumps; and type of connection used between motor and load such as direct or through a power-transmission connection.

c. Match transformer voltage ratings and capacity to system and motor voltages; and controller, motor, drive, and load characteristics.

d. The output rating is 3-phase, 6 to 60 Hz, with voltage proportional to frequency throughout voltage range.

e. The starting torque should be 100 percent of the rated torque or as indicated. f. Speed regulation should be plus or minus 1 percent. g. The ambient temperature should be 0 to 40 deg C. h. The efficiency of the controller should be 95 percent minimum at full load and 60 Hz. i. The minimum displacement power factor at the input terminals should be 95 percent.


j. Provide a 5% line reactor or equipment filter methods to minimize harmonic effects on the building’s electrical system.

k. Isolated control interface allows controller to follow control signal over an 11:1 speed range.

1) Electrical signals should be 4 to 20 mA at 24 V, or 0 to 10 VDC, user selectable. 2) Pneumatic signals should be 3 to 15 psig (20 to 104 kPa).

l. Include the following internal adjustment capabilities:

1) Minimum speed adjustment should be 5 to 25 percent of maximum rpm. 2) Maximum speed adjustment should be 80 to 100 percent of maximum rpm. 3) Acceleration (and deceleration) time adjustment should be 2 to 22 seconds. 4) The current limit adjustment should be 50 to 110 percent of maximum rating.

m. Self-protection and reliability features should include the following:

1) Input transient protection by means of surge suppressors. 2) Snubber networks to protect against malfunction due to system voltage

transients. 3) Motor overload relay should be adjustable and capable of NEMA 250, Class 10

performance. 4) Notch filter to prevent operation of the controller-motor-load combination at a

natural frequency of the combination. 5) Instantaneous overcurrent trip. 6) Loss-of-phase protection. 7) Reverse-phase protection. 8) Under- and overvoltage trips. 9) Overtemperature trip. 10) Short-circuit protection, consisting of input line fuses rated for 200,000 A.I.C. 11) Thermal-magnetic input breaker.

n. Attempt three restarts after the controller fault or on return of power after an interruption

and before shutting down for manual reset or fault correction. Restarting during deceleration should not damage controller, motor, or load.

o. Power-interruption protection should prevent motor from re-energizing after a power interruption until motor has stopped.

p. Door-mounted LED indicators should indicators should indicate the following conditions: 1) Power on. 2) Run. 3) Overvoltage. 4) Line fault. 5) Overcurrent. 6) External fault.

q. On the panel-mounted operator station, there should be start-stop and auto-manual

selector switches with manual speed control potentiometer and elapsed time meter. r. Meters or digital readout devices and selector switches should be mounted flush in

controller door and connected to indicate controller output current, voltage, and frequency.


s. Integral disconnecting means should be NEMA molded-case switches or nonfusible switches with lockable handles.

t. Provide VFD’s with bypass features that include NEMA ICS 2, full-voltage, nonreversing enclosed controllers with across-the-line starting capability in manual-bypass mode. Provide motor overload protection under both modes of operation with control logic that allows common start-stop capability in either mode.

u. Magnetic contactor should be arranged to safely transfer motor between controller output and bypass controller circuit when motor is at zero speed. Controller-off-bypass, selector-switch indicator lights set and indicate mode selection.

v. Isolating switches should be non-load-break switches arranged to isolate variable-frequency controller and permit safe troubleshooting and testing, both energized and de-energized, while motor is operating in bypass mode.

w. Remote indicating circuit terminals should show mode selection, controller status, and controller fault.

x. VFD’s should have capability for 3 programmable analog and 5 programmable digital outputs.

y. Variable frequency drives should be as manufactured by Square “D”, Altivar or Allen-Bradley.

7. Enclosures should be flush- or surface-mounted cabinets as indicated. Enclosures should be

NEMA 250, Type 1, unless otherwise indicated, to comply with environmental conditions at installed location. a. Outdoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 3R. b. Kitchen Areas: NEMA 250, Type 4X, stainless steel. c. Other Wet or Damp Indoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4. d. Hazardous Areas Indicated on Drawings: NEMA 250, Type 7C.

8. Accessories

a. Devices should be factory installed in controller enclosure, unless otherwise indicated. b. Pushbutton stations, pilot lights, and selector switches should all be NEMA ICS 2, heavy-

duty type. c. Stop and lockout push-button stations should be momentary-break with a factory-applied

hasp arranged so padlock can be used to lock pushbutton in depressed position with control circuit open.

d. Control relays should be auxiliary and adjustable time-delay relays. e. Elapsed time meters should be heavy-duty with digital readout in hours. Elapsed time

meters shall indicate motor running elapsed time. f. Multifunction digital-metering monitors should be UL-listed or recognized,

microprocessor-based suitable for three- or four-wire systems and with the following features: 1) Inputs from sensors or 5-A current-transformer secondaries, and potential

terminals rated to 600 V. 2) Switch selectable digital display of the following:

(a) Phase currents for each phase (plus or minus 1 percent). (b) Phase-to-phase voltages for three phase (plus or minus 1 percent). (c) Phase-to-neutral voltages for three phase (plus or minus 1 percent). (d) Three-phase real power (plus or minus 2 percent). (e) Three-phase reactive power (plus or minus 2 percent).


(f) Power factor (plus or minus 2 percent). (g) Frequency (plus or minus 0.5 percent). (h) Integrated demand with demand interval selectable from 5 to 60

minutes (plus or minus 2 percent). (i) Accumulated energy, in megawatt hours (plus or minus 2 percent);

stored values unaffected by power outages for up to 72 hours.

3) Display and control unit should be mounted flush or semiflush in instrument compartment door.

g. Phase-failure and undervoltage relays should be solid-state sensing circuits with isolated

output contacts for hard-wired connection. Adjustable undervoltage setting should be provided.

h. Current sensing, phase-failure relays should be solid-state sensing circuits with isolated output contacts for hard-wired connection. They should be arranged to operate on phase failure, phase reversal, current unbalance of from 30 to 40 percent, or loss of supply voltage. These relays should also have adjustable response delay.

9. Manufacturer should apply standard prime-coat finish to prepare for field painting.

Manufacturer’s standard paint should be applied to factory-assembled and -tested enclosed controllers before shipping.

D. DISCONNECT SWITCHES 1. General

a. Each motor should be provided with a horsepower rated disconnect switch. b. Heavy duty, single throw knife switch with quick-make, quick-break mechanism, capable

of full load operation. Horsepower rated and meeting National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association and Federal Specifications for Class A switches.

c. Provide with contact arc-quenching devices, such as magnetic blowouts or snuffing plates. Provide self-aligning switch blades with silver alloy contact areas and designed so that arcing upon making and breaking does not occur on the final contact surfaces. Provide with high pressure, spring-loaded contact. Mount switch parts on high grade insulating base.

d. Enclosure: National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association I with multiple knock outs on sides and back, hinged door and cover interlock which prevents door opening when switch is in “ON” position and can be positively pad locked in “ON” and “OFF” positions. Utilize NEMA 3R (rain tight) enclosure for exterior installations.

e. Size, fusing and number of poles as required. Provide horsepower rated switch to match motor load for NEMA size. Use 3 pole plus solid neutral switches.

f. Provide nameplates on each disconnect denoting equipment number. g. Disconnect switches at motors, that are controlled by a VFD located remotely from the

motor, should have auxiliary contacts tied back to the VFD to disable VFD control when power has been interrupted to the motor.

2. Fusible and Nonfusible Switches

a. Fusible switches for motors rated 1200 A and smaller should be NEMA KS 1, Type HD, with clips or bolt pads to accommodate specified fuses, lockable handle with capability to accept two padlocks, and interlocked with cover in closed position. Provide a complete set of RKI fuses.


b. Nonfusible switches for motors rated 1200A and smaller should be NEMA KS, Type HD, lockable handle with capability to accept two padlocks, and interlocked with cover in closed position.

c. Accessories:

1) Equipment ground kits should be internally mounted and labeled for copper and aluminum ground conductors.

2) Neutral kits, where required, should be internally mounted and labeled for copper and aluminum neutral conductors.

3. Fused Power Circuit Devices

a. For motors rated above 1200 Amperes, provide bolted-pressure contact switches that

comply with UL 977. The operating mechanism should use a rotary-mechanical-bolting action to produce and maintain high-clamping pressure on the switch blade after it engages the stationary contacts. 1) The main contact interrupting capability should be at least twelve times the switch

current rating. 2) The manual handle operation to close switch stores energy in mechanism for

closing and opening.

(a) Operation of lever or pushbutton trip switch, or trip signal from ground-fault relay or remote-control device, should cause switch to open.

(b) Operation of mechanical lever or pushbutton or another device should cause switch to open.

3) Ground-fault relays should comply with UL 1053. They should be self-powered

type with mechanical ground-fault indicator, test function, tripping relay with internal memory, and three-phase current transformer/sensor.

(a) Ground fault relay should be integrally mounted or remote-mounted relay

and trip unit with adjustable pickup and time-delay settings, push-to-test feature, and ground fault indicator.

(b) The internal memory should serve to integrate the cumulative value of intermittent arcing ground-fault currents and uses the effect to initiate tripping.

(c) The operation of “no-trip” test control permits ground-fault simulation test without tripping switch.

(d) The test control simulates ground fault to test relay and switch (or relay only if “no-trip” mode is selected).

4) An open-fuse trip device should be arranged to trip switch open if a phase fuse

opens.

4. Molded-Case Circuit Breakers and Switches

a. Molded-case circuit breakers should be NEMA AB 1, with interrupting capacity to meet available fault currents. 1) Thermal-magnetic circuit breakers should have inverse time-current elements for

low-level overloads and instantaneous magnetic trip elements for short circuits.


Adjustable magnetic trip setting for circuit-breaker frame sizes 250A and larger. 2) Adjustable instantaneous-trip circuit breakers should have magnetic trip elements

with front-mounted, field-adjustable trip setting.

b. Molded-Case Circuit-Breaker Features and Accessories 1) Standard frame sizes, trip ratings, and number of poles. 2) Lugs should be mechanical style suitable for number, size, trip ratings, and

conductor material. 3) Application listing should be Type HACR for heating, air-conditioning, and

refrigerating equipment. 4) Ground-fault protection should be an integrally mounted relay and trip unit with

adjustable pickup and time-delay settings, push-to-test feature, and ground-fault indicator.

5) Shunt trip should be 120V trip coil energized from separate circuits. 6) Undervoltage trip should be set to operate at 35 to 75 percent of rated voltage with

field-adjustable 0.1- to 0.6 second time delay.

5. Enclosures should be NEMA AB 1 and NEMA KS 1 to meet environmental conditions of installed location.

a. Outdoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 3R. b. Kitchen Areas: NEMA 250, Type 4X, stainless steel. c. Other Wet or Damp Indoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4. d. Hazardous Areas Indicated on Drawings: NEMA 250, Type 7C.

6. Disconnect switches should be as manufactured by General Electric Company, Square “D” or Cutler-

Hammer.

15990-1 Testing, Adjusting and Balancing 12-15-03

DIVISION 15 15990 TESTING, ADJUSTING AND BALANCING A. GENERAL 1. In general, follow the guidelines below when specifying requirements for testing, adjusting and

balancing. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, these guidelines are not intended to restrict or replace professional judgment.

2. This Section includes testing, adjusting and balancing HVAC systems to produce design objectives,

including the following: a. Balancing air flow and water flow within distribution systems, including submains, branches

and terminals, to indicated quantities according to specified tolerances. b. Adjusting total HVAC systems to provide indicated quantities. c. Measuring electrical performance of HVAC equipment. d. Setting quantitative performance of HVAC equipment. e. Verifying that automatic control devices are functioning properly. f. Measuring sound and vibration. g. Reporting results of the activities and procedures specified in this Section. 3. During any testing, adjusting, balancing operation, piping, equipment, or accessories should not be

subjected to pressure exceeding their ratings. B. QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. The balancing agency should have successfully completed at least five projects of similar size and

scope, and should be a Certified member of "Associated Air Balance Council." 2. The balancing agency should have no affiliation with a mechanical contracting or sheet metal

company. C. AIR BALANCING AND TESTING 1. On initial startup, prior to any test, the balancing agency must check the rotation and running

amperage of all fan motors to prevent damage to equipment by overload. 2. New, clean filters must be installed in all supply systems prior to balancing. 3. All main supply air ducts must be traversed, using a pitot tube and manometer. The intent of this

operation is to measure the total air quantity supplied by the fan and to verify the distribution of air to zones.

4. Inspect all fan scrolls and remove objects or debris. Inspect all coils and remove debris or

obstructions. Verify that all fire and smoke dampers are open. 5. All fans and duct systems should be completely balanced by the adjustment of sheaves, dampers,

registers and other volume and diverting control devices. Replace sheaves if required to meet design conditions.


6. The balancing agency should make any changes in pulleys, sheaves, belts and dampers or to add dampers required for properly balancing the system.

7. All diffusers, grilles and registers should be adjusted to minimize drafts and noise in all areas.

Dampers furnished integrally with diffusers and registers should be used only for “fine tuning” the system. Volume dampers in branch ductwork should be the primary air balancing device.

8. Air systems should be leak tested as described in SMACNA. The total system leakage should not

exceed 3 percent of the total system air quantity. 9. The balancing agency should adjust outside air and return air modulating dampers to admit the

specified quantity of air under all modes of operation. All final adjusted air quantities should be within 10 percent of the design requirements.

10. The testing and balance agency should be required to check all controls for proper calibrations and

the proper operation of all automatic dampers. 11. Upon completion of balancing, a complete testing and balancing report must be submitted to the

University and the engineer. The balancing report should, as a minimum, include the following: a. Fan model number. b. Total fan air quantities - Design and Actual. c. Fan static pressure - Design and Actual. d. Fan tip speed - Design and Actual. e. Fan outlet velocity - Design and Actual. f. Fan brake horsepower. g. Motor horsepower. h. Voltage and full load amperage draw - Design and Actual. i. Single line diagrams of the duct system indicating all terminal outlets and identified by a

unique number. j. Data sheets should list all outlets (supply, return and exhaust), each outlet's size, location,

"K" factor, design CFM and actual CFM.

11. Upon completion of all air balancing, all dampers should be marked indicating the final adjusted position.

D. PIPING PRESSURE TEST 1. Piping hydrostatic tests must be performed before covering is applied. 2. If piping is tested in winter, an anti-freeze solution should be used. 3. Where controls and accessories are not designed to withstand the pipe test pressure, they must be

properly protected against damage. 4. All piping should be tested to a hydrostatic pressure at least 1-1/2 times the maximum designed

working pressure (but not less than 50 lbs. per square inch) for a sufficiently long time to detect all leaks and defects. Tests must be repeated at least once after all leaks and defects have been repaired. The following should be tested for four consecutive hours without loss of pressure:


System Test Pressure

High pressure steam and condensate piping 300 psi High pressure vents (steam safety and relief) 300 psi Low pressure steam 150 psi Compressed air (temperature controls) 100 psi Overflow and drain 50 psi Hot water (Heating) 200 psi Chilled water 200 psi Chemical treatment 100 psi

5. Leaks that are detected during the pressure test must be corrected by replacing all defective

materials or welds. Caulking of screwed joints or peaning of welds is not acceptable. Wherever it is necessary to cut out a weld and the ends of the pipe cannot be conveniently brought together, a short piece should be fitted in and welded.

D. WATER BALANCING AND TESTING 1. On initial startup, prior to any test, check the rotation and running amperage of all pump motors to

prevent damage to equipment by overload. 2. All water system must be completely filled and vented, and all strainers cleaned prior to balancing.

Expansion tanks should be inspected to verify proper water level and pressure. All air vents should be checked to ensure that they are properly installed, operating properly and freely, and that all air is out of the system. The operation of makeup water valves should be confirmed.

3. All pumps and piping systems should be completely balanced by the adjustment of plug cocks,

globe valves or other control devices, to obtain the required flow quantities. Balancing should be done with all controls set for full flow through coils. All automatic throttling valves should be in the full-open position. All circuit setters should be set to the proper flow.

4. For equipment and coils without flow measuring devices, flow should be balanced by means of

pressure drop using data supplied by the equipment manufacturer indicating the relationship between flow and pressure drop.

5. Upon completion of balancing, a complete testing and balancing report must be submitted to the

University and the Engineer. The balancing report should, as a minimum, include the following: a. Pump manufacturer, model number and size. b. Total pump water flow - Design and Actual. c. Total head - Design and Actual. d. Pump speed - Design and Actual. e. Pump impeller size. f. NPSH (if required). g. Pump motor horsepower. h. Voltage and full load amperage draw - Design and Actual. i. Suction, discharge and total head at no flow and design flow. j. For all orifice plates, record the pipe size, orifice size, flow factor, required differential

pressure, final differential pressure and calculated final flow quantity. k. For all venturi type, pitot tube, or other flow measuring devices record the pipe size,

manufacturer and size of device, and the direct reading or the differential pressure, and calculated final flow.


l. Upon completion of water balancing, all plug valves and other throttling devices should be marked indicating the final adjusted position.

F. AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM TESTING 1. Examine automatic temperature system components to verify the following: a. Dampers, valves, and other controlled devices operate by the intended controller. b. Dampers and valves are in the position indicated by the controller. c. Integrity of valves and dampers for free and full operation and for tightness of fully

closed and fully open positions. This includes dampers in multizone units, mixing boxes, and variable-air-volume terminals.

d. Automatic modulating and shutoff valves, including 2-way valves and 3-way mixing and diverting valves, are properly connected.

e. Thermostats and humidistats are located to avoid adverse effects of sunlight, drafts and cold walls.

f. Sensors are located to sense only the intended conditions. g. Sequence of operation for control modes is according to the Contract Documents. h. Controller setpoints are set at design values. Observe and record system reactions to

changes in conditions. Record default setpoints if different from design values. i. Interlocked systems are operating. j. Changeover from heating to cooling mode occurs according to design values. G. MOTORS 1. Motors, ½ HP and Larger: Test at final balanced conditions and record the following data: a. Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers. b. Motor horsepower rating. c. Motor rpm. d. Efficiency rating if high-efficiency motor. e. Nameplate and measured voltage, each phase. f. Nameplate and measured amperage, each phase. g. Starter thermal-protection-element rating. 2. Motors Driven By Variable-Frequency Controllers: Test for proper operation at speeds varying

from minimum to maximum. Test the manual bypass for the controller to prove proper operation. Record observations, including controller manufacturer, model and serial numbers, and nameplate data.

H. CHILLERS 1. Balance water flow through each evaporator and condenser to within specified tolerances of design

flow with all pumps operating. With only one chiller operating in a multiple chiller installation, do not exceed the flow for the maximum tube velocity recommended by the chiller manufacturer. Measure and record the following data with each chiller operating at design conditions:

a. Evaporator water entering and leaving temperatures, pressure drop, and water flow. b. Condenser water entering and leaving temperatures, pressure drop, and water flow. c. Evaporator and condenser refrigerant temperatures and pressures, using instruments

furnished by the chiller manufacturer. d. Power factor if factory-installed instrumentation is furnished for measure kW.


e. The kW input if factory-installed instrumentation is furnished for measuring kW. f. Capacity: Calculate in tons of cooling. g. Air-Cooled Chillers: Verify condenser-fan rotation and record fan data, including number

of fans and entering and leaving air temperatures. I. COOLING TOWERS 1. Shut off make-up water for the duration of the test, and then make sure the make-up and blow-

down systems are fully operational after tests and before leaving the equipment. Perform the following tests and record the results:

a. Measure condenser water flow to each cell of the cooling tower. b. Measure entering and leaving water temperatures. c. Measure wet and dry bulb temperatures of entering air. d. Measure wet and dry bulb temperatures of leaving air. e. Measure condenser water flow rate recirculating through the cooling tower. f. Measure cooling tower pump discharge pressure. g. Adjust water level and feed rate of make-up water system.

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