Mech Safety 1

8/10/2019 Mech Safety 1

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Safety

Management

in

Mechanical

Engineering



Safety is everyone‘s

business and

compliance with

safety procedures is

MANDATORY



• If an activity or practice seems unsafe,

―Stop Work‖ and take the time to address

concerns

• Situational Awareness – The best way to

prevent an accident is to be aware of your

surroundings

• All mechanical equipment modifications

must be reported and thoroughly checked.



• Mechanical joints including

fasteners) may NOT be modified

without the review and

permission of Mechanical

Engineering

• Only perform activities for which

you are qualified

• Only use items for their intended

purpose



Numerous

mechanical

hazards exist in

our work

environment



• General Mechanical Hazards include;

— Tripping — Bump hazards

— Slipping — Noise

— Falling objects — Cutting/abrasion

— Pinch points — Elevated work

surfaces

Situational Awareness – The best way

to prevent an accident is to be aware of

your surroundings



Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)



• There are areas that require the usage of

PPE. Most of these areas have signs

indicating the type of required PPE.

• Types of PPE relative to mechanical

hazards include

— Protective eyewear ( safety glasses,

goggles, etc. )

— Hardhats

— Protective footwear (i.e. steel toed shoes)

— Face shields (must be used with safety

eyewear)

— Gloves

— Ear plugs or earmuffs



Maintenance (cleaning)

and care of Personal

Protective Equipment

(PPE) is the

responsibility of the

employee



Keep PPE clean and in good working order

• Check the PPE before each use

• Wear the PPE correctly

• PPE that is provided in a work area that is

damaged or is not functional must be taken

out of service by returning it to the work area

supervisor who will dispose of it, have it

repaired, or replace it.

• PPE that is provided in specific areas or for

specific tasks must NOT be removed from

that area.



When and where

is protective

eyewear required?



• Each employee must use appropriate

eye or face protection when exposed to

eye or face hazards from flying particles,

molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or

caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors,

or potentially injurious light radiation.

• each employee must use eye protection

that provides side protection when there

is a hazard from flying objects.



• All protective eyewear must have

fixed side protection.

•

Users must wear protective

eyewear in all locations where

required by signs and in all

locations where the hazards cited.



•

General requirements. The employer

shall ensure that each

affected employee uses protective

footwear when working in areas where

there is a danger of foot injuries due to

falling or rolling objects, or objects

piercing the sole, and where such

employee s feet are exposed to

electrical hazards.



•Appropriate protective footwear

must be worn anyone moving items

greater than 50 lbs; Electricians,

machinists, mechanics, riggers,

shipping and receiving personnel.



When and where

are hardhats required?



•The employer shall ensure that

each affected employee wears

a protective helmet when

working in areas where there isa potential for injury to the

head from falling objects.



In general, hard hats must be worn

anyplace another worker can be

working directly overhead or

required by signage.



• ME is responsible for

— Performing analysis to confirm

design integrity

— Maintaining accurate CAD

models

All equipment modifications must be

coordinated through Mechanical

Engineering



Additional training is

required for the

activities and

equipment listed below



Overhead crane operation

Overhead hoists

Overhead Rigging

Fall Protection Equipment

Aerial work platforms



O

VERHEAD

C

RANE

O

PERATORS



o

An overhead crane operator‘s

job is very important. It is a

position of responsibility that

you must be authorized to hold.

There are rules and

regulations you must obey and

responsibilities you must

accept.



• Employers and employees need

to be aware that all cranes aredifferent and may have specific

operating, safety, inspection and

maintenance requirements. It is

essential that you have themanufacturers operating manuals

and are familiar with your

particular crane.



Qualifications

The minimum qualifications for an employee

selected to operate

a crane are as follows:

•Have corrected vision that meets the same

requirements as vision

for a valid driver‘s license.

•Have effective use of all 4 limbs.

•Be of sufficient height to operate the controls

and to have an

unobstructed view over the controls into the

work area.



•Have coordination between eyes, hands,

and feet.

•Be free of known convulsive disorders

and episodes of

unconsciousness

The employee must also have the ability to

understand signs,

labels, and instructions. The employee

must be examined for these

qualifications at least once every 3 years.



Standard Hand Signals

For Controlling

Overhead And Gantry

Cranes



LOWER. With arm extended downward,

forefinger pointing down, move hand in

small horizontal circle.



BRIDGE TRAVEL. Arm extended forward,

hand open and slightly raised, make

pushing motion in direction of travel.



MULTIPLE TROLLEYS. Hold up one

finger for block marked ‗1‘ and two

fingers for block marked ‗2‘. Regular

signals follow.



MOVE SLOWLY. Use one hand to give any motion

signal and place other hand motionless in front of

hand giving the motion signal.



MAGNET IS DISCONNECTED.

Crane operator spreads both

hands apart – palms up.



When attaching or moving a load, the operator,

rigger, or hooker must make sure of all of the

following:

The hoisting rope or chain is free of kinks or

twist and not wrapped around the load.

The sling and load will clear all obstacles or

obstructions.

The load is balanced and secured before lifting

the load more than a few inches.

Multiple lines are not twisted around each

other.

There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration

of the moving load.



OVERHEAD HOISTS



Safety Precautions

on

Overhead Hoists



Do‘s to avoid injury :

• Do read Safety Standard for

Overhead Hoists and HoistManufacturer‘s Operating and

Maintenance Instructions.

•

Do be familiar with hoistoperating controls, procedures

and warnings.

• Do make sure hook travel is in

the same direction as shown on

controls.



Do make sure hoist limit switches

function properly.

Do maintain firm footing when

operating hoist.

Do make sure that load slings orother approved single attachments

are properly sized and seated in

the hook saddle.



Do avoid swinging of load or load hook.

Do make sure that all persons stay clearof the suspended load.

Do warn personnel of an approaching

load.

Do protect wire rope and load chain fromweld spatter or other damaging

contaminants.

Do promptly report any malfunction,unusual performance, or damage of the

hoist.



• Do inspect hoist regularly, replace

damaged or worn parts, and keep

appropriate records of

maintenance.

• Do use the hoist manufacturer‘s

recommended parts when repairinga hoist.

• Do use hook latches whenever

possible.•

Do apply lubricant to the wire rope

or load chain as recommended by

the hoist manufacturer



Do not‘s to avoid injury :

Do Not lift more than rated load.

Do Not use the hoist load limiting deviceto measure the load.

Do Not use damaged hoist or hoist that is

not working correctly.

Do Not use the hoist with twisted,

kinked, damaged or worn wire rope or

chain.

Do Not lift a load unless wire rope isproperly seated in its groove(s) or unless

chain is properly rated in chain wheel(s)

or sprocket(s).



Do Not use limit switches as routine

operating stops unless recommended.

They are emergency devices only.

Do Not use hoist to lift, support or

transport people.

Do Not lift loads over people.

Do Not leave a suspended loadunattended unless specific precautions

have been taken.

Do Not allow sharp contact betweentwo hoists or between hoist and

obstructions.

ll th h i



• Do Not allow the rope, chain or

hook to be used as a ground for

welding.• Do Not remove or obscure the

warnings on the hoist.

• Do Not adjust or repair a hoist

unless qualified to perform hoistmaintenance.

• Do Not attempt to lengthen the

load rope or chain or repairdamaged load rope or chain.



S

AFETY

F

ACTORS

To guard against failure of a wire

rope in service, the actual load on

the rope should only be a fraction of

the breaking strength.

The safety factor includes

reduced capacity of the rope belowit‘s stated breaking strength due to

wear, fatigue, corrosion, abuse, and

variations in size and quality.



WIRE ROPE CONSTRUCTION



oRigging components are expensive

to buy and to replace

oUse them properly and store them

properly

oKeep wire rope slings lubricatedand all rigging stored out of the

weather.



oTreat the rigging as though your

life depended on it because it

does if it fails

oDon‘t use makeshift rigging or

attempt to repair any riggingcomponents.

oKnots tied in rigging reduces the

strength by 50% or more!



PERSONAL FALL

PROTECTION



oFall protection is defined as a

planned system used to protecta worker from death or potential

injury in the event they would

lose their balance while

performing a task at height.



oThe use of personal fall

protection can be traced back

hundreds of years. In its earliest

form, fall protection consisted of

workers using ropes with knots

tied around other worker‘s

waists.



THE ABCD‘S OF

PERSONAL FALL

PROTECTION



Fall protection systems are

made up of four key parts.

Anchorage - the attachment

point that is intended to

resist forces generated

during a fall arrest or fall

restraint event.



Body Harness - a body support

designed to contain the

human torso and distribute fall

arrest forces evenly across

the body, including the thighs,

pelvis, chest, and shoulders.



M

ECHANICAL

I

NSPECTION

The purpose of themechanical inspection is to

visually inspect and operate

the built-in mechanical

equipment observed on site

and provide an opinion of any

deficiencies apparent at the

time of the inspection.

TESTING OF METALS USED IN



M

ECHANICAL

E

NGINEERING

C

OMPONENTS

Metals used in engineering

must be tested for their

mechanical properties ofstrength, ductility, hardness,

toughness and impact

resistance.



Strength

This is the load a metal can

withstand without fracturing; the

greater the load carrieddetermining the ultimate strength

of the metal.



Ductility

This is a property the metalcontains which enables it to be

drawn easily or stretched to a

desired shape without fracturing,

whilst retaining the shape.



Toughness - Determined

through Impact Test Similar to metals strength,

but to withstand varying loads.

Some metals can be tough butbrittle; a more suitable

combination is to have

toughness along with strengthand pliability.



Impact Tester



END OF REPORT

Mech Safety 1

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