Measuring Up 2004 Texas. Measuring Up: The Basics Looks at higher education for the entire state,...
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Transcript of Measuring Up 2004 Texas. Measuring Up: The Basics Looks at higher education for the entire state,...
Measuring Up 2004
Texas
Measuring Up: The Basics
• Looks at higher education for the entire state, not individual colleges and universities.
• Focuses on undergraduate education and training beyond high school.
• Measures “performance,” not “effort.”• “Diagnostic” rather than “prescriptive.”• New this year: progress over the past decade.
Measuring Up: The Basics
• Six categories of performance (five graded).• Grades benchmarked to “best performing”
states.• Uses nationally comparable data, available
from public sources.• Uses the most recent data available.
– In general, data have a two-year time lag.– Affordability data are one year old.
Measuring Up: Graded Categories
• Preparation: How adequately are students being prepared for education and training beyond high school?
• Participation: Do state residents enroll in education and training beyond high school?
• Affordability: How affordable is higher education for students and their families?
• Completion: Do students make progress toward and complete certificates and degrees in a timely manner?
• Benefits: What benefits does the state receive as a result of having a more highly-educated population?
• Learning: What is known about student learning as a result of education and training beyond high school?
National Trends:Over the Past Decade• Eight states improved substantially in
Preparation as well as in Participation.• Thirty-six states, including Texas, improved
substantially in Preparation but failed to improve in Participation.
• Almost all states, including Texas, have lost ground in Affordability.
Over the Past Decade, Texas Has Mediocre Results in Providing College Opportunities
TEXAS
2004 Report Card
Preparation
Participation
Affordability
Completion
Benefits
Learning
C+
C
D
C
B-
I
TEXAS
Improvement Over Past Decade
Preparation Participation Affordability Completion Benefits Learning
What do the arrows mean?
Improved on more than half of the indicators in the category.
Improved on some, but no more than half, of the indicators in the category.
Declined on every indicator in the category.
?
Preparation
2004Grade
ImprovementOver Decade
C+
TEXAS
NATIONAL SNAPSHOTPreparation
SOUTHERN REGIONPreparation
Texas’ performance in Preparation is in the middle of the Southern states.
Southern States
AA-B+BB-C+CC-D+DD-F
= 93 and up= 90-92= 87-89= 83-86= 80-82= 77-79= 73-76= 70-72= 67-69= 63-66= 60-62= Below 60
Grades
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
LA AL MS TN OK KY AR GA SC FL TX WV NC VA
77
STRENGTHS• Top-performing state in percentage of high
school students enrolling in upper-level math. Among top states in improvement on this measure.
• Over past decade, percentage of young adults from low-income families earning high school credential increased substantially.
PreparationTEXAS
WEAKNESSES• One of lowest performing states in percentage
of young adults with high school credential.• Small percentage of high school students enroll
in upper-level science. • Eighth graders perform poorly on national
assessments in science and math. Scores of low-income 8th graders especially low in math.
PreparationTEXAS
WEAKNESSES• Small proportions of 11th and 12th graders
take and perform well on Advanced Placement tests and college entrance exams.
• Only fair percentage of secondary students taught by a qualified teacher.
• Black and Hispanic high school students only two-thirds as likely as whites to enroll in upper-level science and math.
PreparationTEXAS
Participation
2004Grade
ImprovementOver Decade
C
TEXAS
NATIONAL SNAPSHOTParticipation
ParticipationSOUTHERN REGION
Texas’ performance in Participation is in the middle of the Southern states.
AA-B+BB-C+CC-D+DD-F
= 93 and up= 90-92= 87-89= 83-86= 80-82= 77-79= 73-76= 70-72= 67-69= 63-66= 60-62= Below 60
Grades
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
GA MS LA WV TN AR SC AL OK TX FL NC KY VA
Southern States
74
WEAKNESSES• Likelihood of 9th graders enrolling in college
within four years is low. May put state at risk given large increase of high school graduates (26%) projected over next 15 years.
• Small percentage of working-age adults enroll in college-level education. Decline on this measure over last decade, mirroring national decrease.
ParticipationTEXAS
Participation
WEAKNESSES• About 23% of adults without high school
diploma or equivalent (national average: 14%), making them ineligible for participation in higher education.
• Young adults from high-income families almost three times as likely as those from low-income families to attend college.
TEXAS
2004Grade
ImprovementOver Decade
D
AffordabilityTEXAS
NATIONAL SNAPSHOTAffordability
SOUTHERN REGIONAffordability
Texas’ performance in Affordability is the best in the Southern states; however, overall performance in the region is poor.
AA-B+BB-C+CC-D+DD-F
= 93 and up= 90-92= 87-89= 83-86= 80-82= 77-79= 73-76= 70-72= 67-69= 63-66= 60-62= Below 60
Grades
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AL SC TN WV MS FL GA LA AR OK KY VA NC TX
Southern States
63
Affordability
WEAKNESSES• Net college costs for low- and middle-income
students to attend community colleges represent more than 30% of annual family income. For same students at public four-year colleges and universities, net costs represent nearly 40% of income. Low- and middle-income families earn on average $18,000 per year.
TEXAS
Completion
2004Grade
ImprovementOver Decade
C
TEXAS
NATIONAL SNAPSHOTCompletion
SOUTHERN REGIONCompletion
Texas’ performance in Completion is among the worst in the Southern states.
AA-B+BB-C+CC-D+DD-F
= 93 and up= 90-92= 87-89= 83-86= 80-82= 77-79= 73-76= 70-72= 67-69= 63-66= 60-62= Below 60
Grades
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
OK AR TX WV LA KY TN AL MS SC GA VA NC FL
Southern States
73
STRENGTHS• Large percentage of freshmen at four-year
colleges and universities return for second year.
• Over past decade, gaps narrowed between whites and other ethnic groups in proportions of students earning certificates and degrees relative to numbers enrolled. Nonetheless, substantial gaps remain.
CompletionTEXAS
WEAKNESSES• Small percentage of freshmen at community
colleges return for second year.• Only fair proportion of students earn
bachelor’s degree within six years. • Small percentage of students complete
certificates and degrees relative to number enrolled.
CompletionTEXAS
Benefits
2004Grade
ImprovementOver Decade
B-
TEXAS
NATIONAL SNAPSHOTBenefits
SOUTHERN REGIONBenefits
Texas’ performance in Benefits is in the middle of the Southern states.
AA-B+BB-C+CC-D+DD-F
= 93 and up= 90-92= 87-89= 83-86= 80-82= 77-79= 73-76= 70-72= 67-69= 63-66= 60-62= Below 60
Grades
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
WV AR SC MS LA NC TN AL OK FL TX GA KY VA
Southern States
81
WEAKNESSES• Only fair proportion of residents have
bachelor’s degree, compared with top-performing states.
BenefitsTEXAS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION• If all ethnic groups had same educational
attainment and earnings as whites, total personal income in state would be about $31.4 billion higher, and state would realize an estimated $11 billion in additional tax revenues.
BenefitsTEXAS
Forty-five states, including Texas, receive an Incomplete in Learning because no comparable data exist to allow for meaningful state-by-state comparisons.
2004Grade
I
LearningTEXAS
LearningNATIONAL SNAPSHOT
GRADING LEARNING
States with a “plus” grade (IL, KY, NV, OK, SC) participated in a national pilot project on measuring Learning led by the National Forum on College-Level Learning.
Learning
GRADING LEARNING
The pilot project measured the states in terms of:
• Literacy levels of the state’s residents What are the abilities of the college-educated?
• Graduates’ readiness for advanced practice How well do colleges and universities enable students to contribute to the workforce?
• Performance of college graduates How effectively can college graduates communicate and solve problems?
Learning
Policy Questions
TEXAS
• Can Texas increase the number of students who finish high school within four years?
• Can Texas accommodate the increasing size and diversity of the young population preparing to enroll in higher education?
Policy QuestionsTEXAS
• Can the state encourage more residents to get a General Education Development (GED) credential in order to increase educational attainment for working-age adults?
• Can Texas close the gaps in educational achievement between its white and its minority ethnic populations?
Policy QuestionsTEXAS
• Can the state’s two-year colleges be made more affordable for students and their families?
• Can the state develop financial aid programs that more effectively meet the needs of students from low-income families?
Policy QuestionsTEXAS
Full State Report:• Measuring Up 2004
http://measuringup.highereducation.org
About the Center:• The National Center for Public Policy and
Higher Education http://www.highereducation.org
For More Information