measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possible impact to our life
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Transcript of measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possible impact to our life
P. H. Yannakopoulos, A. A. Fotopoulos,
D. Katsigiannopoulos, St. Katsikakis
Technological Education Institute of PIRAEUS
Computer Systems Engineering Department
International Scientific Conference
eRA-5
2010
Abstract
Scientists, doctors and some European governments are adding their voices to the growing alarm that the universal use of mobile devices may be the start of a medical catastrophe for the future. Mobile phone radiation and health concerns have been raised, especially following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephony (GSM and 3G) throughout the world.
TEI of Piraeus
International Scientific Conference eRA-5 2
Abstract
These concerns have induced a large body of research because mobile phones and wireless devices use electromagnetic wavesin the microwave range. A similar situation exists regarding other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, DECT phones and CB's which emit in various regions of the spectrum giving rise to cumulative radiation exposure. In the present study we measure the EMF of various mobile and wireless equipment.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
EquipmentCORNET ED25G
Super wide bandwidth (1MHz-8GHz)
RF field strength power
measurement
- External SMA connector
-direct connection to RF signal
sources,
-External Antenna
-5.8GHz WLAN measurement
-UWB ultra wideband signals
- High sensitivity, -55dBm to +5dBm
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Mobile Phones Measurements
Sony Ericsson K 350i
1827mW/m2
578 mW/m2
230,1 mW/m2
159 mW/m2
Sony Ericsson W 995i
110 mW/m2
89 mW/m2
75 mW/m2
61 mW/m2
Sony Ericson 750i
110 mW/m2
89 mW/m2
75 mW/m2
67 mW/m2
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Type of Mobile phone
Power Density(mW/m2):
(in contact)
(5 cm)
(10 cm)
(20 cm)
Mobile Phones Measurements
Nokia 3210
1827mW/m2
578 mW/m2
364,7 mW/m2
230,1 mW/m2
General Mobile DSTL -1
1827mW/m2
1827mW/m2
1827mW/m2
1827mW/m2
Nokia 2730
1827mW/m2
916 mW/m2
578 mW/m2
364,7 mW/m
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Type of Mobile phone
Power Density(mW/m2):
(in contact)
(5 cm)
(10 cm)
(20 cm)
Mobile Phones Measurements
Nokia 6310i
1827 mW /m2
578 mW/m2
364,7 mW/m2
230,1 mW/m2
Nokia 6233
1827 mW /m2
1827 mW /m2
364,7 mW/m2
230,1 mW/m2
LG R-1
1827 mW /m2
1827 mW /m2
916 mW/m
578 mW/m2
Type of Mobile phone
Power Density(mW/m2):
(in contact)
(5 cm)
(10 cm)
(20 cm)
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
THE HEALTH EFFECTS
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Key points A wide range of environmental influences
causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
There is no doubt that short-term exposure to very high levels of electromagnetic fields can be harmful to health. Current public concern focuses on possible long-term health effects caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields at levels below those required to trigger acute biological responses.
There is no evidence to conclude that exposure to low level electromagnetic fields is harmful to human health.
The focus of international research is the investigation of possible links between cancer and electromagnetic fields, at power line and radiofrequencies
Key points
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
What happens when you are exposed to electromagnetic fields?
Exposure to electromagnetic fields is not a new phenomenon. However, during the 20th century, environmental exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields has been steadily increasing as growing electricity demand, ever-advancing technologies and changes in social behavior have created more and more artificial sources. Everyone is exposed to a complex mix of weak electric and magnetic fields, both at home and at work, from the generation and transmission of electricity, domestic appliances and industrial equipment, to telecommunications and broadcasting.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
What happens when you are exposed to electromagnetic fields?
Tiny electrical currents exist in the human body due to the chemical reactions that occur as part of the normal bodily functions, even in the absence of external electric fields. For example, nerves relay signals by transmitting electric impulses. Most biochemical reactions from digestion to brain activities go along with the rearrangement of charged particles. Even the heart is electrically active - an activity that your doctor can trace with the help of an electrocardiogram.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
The effect of Low-frequency electric fields
Fields influence the human body just as
they influence any other material made
up of charged particles. When electric
fields act on conductive materials, they
influence the distribution of electric
charges at their surface. They cause
current to flow through the body to the
ground.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
The effect of Low-frequency electric fields
Low-frequency magnetic fields induce
circulating currents within the human
body. The strength of these currents
depends on the intensity of the outside
magnetic field. If sufficiently large, these
currents could cause stimulation of
nerves and muscles or affect other
biological processes
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Electromagnetic fields and cancer Despite many studies, the evidence for
any effect remains highly controversial.
However, it is clear that if
electromagnetic fields do have an effect
on cancer, then any increase in risk will
be extremely small. The results to date
contain many inconsistencies, but no
large increases in risk have been found
for any cancer in children or adults.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
What is a health hazard?
The body does not possess adequate
compensation mechanisms for all
biological effects. Changes that are
irreversible and stress the system for
long periods of time may constitute a
health hazard
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Effects on general health
Some members of the public have attributed a diffuse collection of symptoms to low levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields at home. Reported symptoms include headaches, anxiety, suicide and depression, nausea, fatigue and loss of libido. To date, scientific evidence does not support a link between these symptoms and exposure to electromagnetic fields. At least some of these health problems may be caused by noise or other factors in the environment, or by anxiety related to the presence of new technologies.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Widespread concerns for health
Over the course of the past decade,
numerous electromagnetic field sources
have become the focus of health
concerns, including power lines,
microwave ovens, computer and TV
screens, security devices, radars and
most recently mobile phones and their
base stations.
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Measurements
1827
910
578
230
11569.4
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 25 40 60
Ele
ctr
ic F
ield
Wireless on the go
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
648
578
230 230
110
43
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 0.07 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.5 1
Ele
ctr
ic F
ield
Microwave Oven
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Measurements
590
560
380
320
140
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 5 10 20 70
Mag
neti
c F
ield
Microwave Oven
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Measurements
578
230
6943
210
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 5 10 15 20
Ele
ctr
ic F
ield
Wireless Network
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5
Measurements
SAR Rating
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5 23
Samsung F210 0.20
Nokia 6267 0.31
Emporia Life 0.37
HTC TYTN11 38
LG KE970 Shine 0.43
LG KU970 0.43
Nokia 6290 0.47
Samsung U600 0.48
Nokia 8800i 0.50
LG KG130 0.52
Manufacturer Model SAR rating W/Kg
SAR Rating
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eRA-5 24
Sony Ericsson T650 1.80
Sony Ericsson W880i 1.45
Nokia E51 1.40
Sony Ericsson W950i 1.35
Sony Ericsson Z610i 1.32
Sony Ericsson K810i 1.31
Sony Ericsson W610i 1.31
Sony Ericsson W660i 1.27
Sony Ericsson K550i 1.25
LG + Nokia KU250 + N5700 1.2
Manufacturer Model SAR rating W/Kg
Conclusions from scientific research In the area of biological effects and medical
applications of non-ionizing radiation approximately 25,000 articles have been published over the past 30 years. Despite the feeling of some people that more research needs to be done, scientific knowledge in this area is now more extensive than for most chemicals. Based on a recent in-depth review of the scientific literature, the WHO concluded that current evidence does not confirm the existence of any health consequences from exposure to low level electromagnetic fields. However, some gaps in knowledge about biological effects exist and need further research.
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Thank you for your attention
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5 26
International Scientific Conference
eRA-52010
Technological Education Institute of PIRAEUS
Computer Systems Engineering Department