Measuring ICT for Development Post 2015 · 2013-05-14 · MEASURING ICT FOR DEVELOPMENT POST 2015...
Transcript of Measuring ICT for Development Post 2015 · 2013-05-14 · MEASURING ICT FOR DEVELOPMENT POST 2015...
Measuring ICT for Development Post 2015
Tomasz Janowski
Center for Electronic Governance
United Nations University IIST
WSIS FORUM 2013, MEASURING THE WSIS TARGETS, 14 MAY 2013 – 2 MEASURING ICT FOR DEVELOPMENT POST 2015
2010 UN General Assembly requests UN Secretary General (UNSG) to recommend how the UN development agenda can be advanced beyond 2015
2011 UNSG establishes UN System Task Team (UNSTT) on Post-2015 UN Development Agenda to coordinate system-wide preparations for the agenda
2012 UNSTT issues the report to the UNSG “Realizing the Future We Want for All” to act as a reference to guide the post-2015 discussion
2012 Global consultations are taking place through: a) national consultations, b) thematic consultations and c) global online conversation
2012 UNSG appoints the high-level panel to advice on the global development framework beyond 2015, and issue recommendations by May 2013
BACKGROUND
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Explore four guiding questions:
1 Where is the current post-2015 development discussion?
2 What is the place of ICT in the post-2015 development discussion?
3 What is the role of measurement in the post-2015 development discussion?
4 What is the status and way forward for measuring ICT for post-2015 development?
AIM AND OVERVIEW
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Emerging post-2015 Development Agenda
UN Thematic consultations National consultations
Lessons learnt Global challenges Vision Agenda Roadmap
Conflict and Fragility Education Energy Environmental Sustainability Food Security Governance Growth and Employment Health Inequalities Population Dynamics Water
83 countries including: o governments, o civil society, o the private sector, o media, universities o think tanks
Global online conversation
worldwewant2015.org MY World survey
POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT
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What can we learn from MDGs?
Strengths
focusing on a limited number of concrete human development goals improved policy monitoring/accountability due to clear goals, targets and indicators promoting concrete action and making goals explicit in the national development policies
Weaknesses
focusing on the goals but not enough on the means of achieving them not accounting for local circumstances and differences in conditions between countries lack of consultation and ownership-building, leading to donor-driven agenda
POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT – LESSONS LEARNT
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What are the key development challenges to which the post-2015 should respond?
Social – 1 billion of people are undernourished Social – 28% of the population is covered by social protection system Social – Income and wealth inequalities increase within and between countries Economic – 1 billion of people are international or internal migrants Economic – 1 billion of the world’s population lives in slums Economic – Financial, food and energy crises show interconnectedness of the world’s economy, etc. Environmental – Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 40% between 1990 and 2008 Environmental – The incidence of natural disasters increased five times since 1970s Security – 20% of the world’s population lives under violence, insecurity or fragility Security – Countries affected by violence of fragility did not achieve a single MDG Etc.
New development pathways are needed that encourage creativity and innovation in the pursuit of inclusive, equitable and sustainable growth and development.
POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT – CHALLENGES
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POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT – VISION
What should be the vision for post-2015 development?
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How should post-2015 development be carried out?
Post-2015 development should: o recognize the diversity of contexts within and among countries o not prescribe specific development policies but support priority setting o leave space for national policy design and adaptation to local settings o ensure high policy coherence at global, national and sub-national levels o rely on development enablers within and across dimensions o facilitate transformative change:
‒ in existing patterns of production and consumption, ‒ in management of natural resources and ‒ in mechanisms of governance
o etc.
POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT – AGENDA
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Explore four guiding questions:
1 Where is the current post-2015 development discussion?
2 What is the place of ICT in the post-2015 development discussion?
3 What is the role of measurement in the post-2015 development discussion?
4 What is the status and way forward for measuring ICT for post-2015 development?
AIM AND OVERVIEW
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ICT as a challenge
Technology has the potential to “widen rather than narrow existing inequalities” Inequalities in access to ICT networks, education and technological progress […] remain vast
ICT a an opportunity
For the creation, transmission and dissemination of information For access to knowledge towards inclusive growth and employment creation For technological progress towards sustainable development and health improvements For greater knowledge sharing to induce changes to achieve food, nutrition and energy security For empowering people with information to monitor performance and hold institutions accountable
ICT as one technology among others
health, energy, agriculture, etc. technologies
ICT POST-2015
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Technology as a change driver
Advancements in technology radically changed how people communicate, organize, learn and participate
Technology as a human right
Reduction of inequalities includes removing […] barriers in access to […] technology
Technology as energy consumer
The transition to low-carbon energy sources would need […] energy-efficient technologies
Technology as an enabler
Affordable access to technology and knowledge: o for inclusive social development: empowering people through information and technology o for environmental sustainability: technology transfer critical to sustainable development o for inclusive economic development: technology crucial for enabling transformative development
Technology as engagement mechanism
use technology to engage people the world over in taking the next development agenda forward
TECHNOLOGY POST-2015
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TECHNOLOGY POST-2015
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Explore four guiding questions:
1 Where is the current post-2015 development discussion?
2 What is the place of ICT in the post-2015 development discussion?
3 What is the role of measurement in the post-2015 development discussion?
4 What is the status and way forward for measuring ICT for post-2015 development?
AIM AND OVERVIEW
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Learning from MDGs
The success of the MDGs is due to their clarity, conciseness and measurability
MDGs put higher burden of achievement on countries with lower levels of development
MDGs allowed relative targets to be met while absolute numbers increased due to population growth
Measuring Post-2015 Development – Why
A framework of accountability: clear goals, time-bound quantitative targets, measurable indicators
Global measurable targets encourage all nations to accelerate progress
Applicability of global measures can be judged in country-specific contexts, considering initial conditions
MEASUREMENT POST-2015 – WHY
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Measuring Post-2015 Development – What
Defining goals and targets to consider dependencies among economy, society, environment and security
Intermediate targets as quantitative goal posts to review global progress vis-à-vis longer-term goals
Measuring Post-2015 Development – How
Combination of absolute and relative targets for an all-inclusive agenda considering shifting demographics
Measuring inequalities and sustainability through qualitative indicators and data disaggregation
Disaggregation by: gender, age, geography, migrant status, rural-urban location, etc.
Such indicators will help assessment of policy effectiveness – understanding factors that impede progress
Monitoring the degree to which development progress is inclusive and sustainable
Monitoring the extent to which the needs of the vulnerable groups are being addressed
MEASUREMENT POST-2015 – WHAT AND HOW
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Explore four guiding questions:
1 Where is the current post-2015 development discussion?
2 What is the place of ICT in the post-2015 development discussion?
3 What is the role of measurement in the post-2015 development discussion?
4 What is the status and way forward for measuring ICT for post-2015 development?
AIM AND OVERVIEW
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On the one hand:
ICT is mentioned but not introduced systematically in the post-2015 agenda
ICT is used among other technologies and in combination with knowledge and innovation
There is no mention of ICT or more generally technology measurement
WSIS process is mentioned by name but not by substance
On the other hand:
The agenda critically relies on measurement to track development progress
The agenda heavily relies on the capabilities that require ICT support
The process leading towards the post-2015 agenda heavily relies on ICT
Technology and knowledge are treated as one of development enablers
ICT is directly mentioned among three out of four development dimensions
ICT MEASUREMENT POST-2015 – STATUS
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Introduce ICT to the post-2015 development agenda:
o as a standalone development enabler o in combination with other enablers:
‒ ICT-enabled social protection system ‒ ICT-enabled food security system ‒ ICT-enabled education ‒ ICT-enabled health, etc.
Institutionalize ICT in the post-2015 development agenda:
o Define basic characteristics of what constitutes a development enabler o Show under what conditions ICT constitutes a development enabler
Disseminate ICT across the post-2015 development agenda:
o Provide evidence on how ICT enables various dimensions of development o Provide evidence on how ICT supports cross-dimensional development e.g. sustainability o Provide evidence on how ICT enhances and facilitates other development enablers e.g. governance
Integrate the post-MDG and post-WSIS processes within the post-2015 development agenda...
ICT MEASUREMENT POST-2015 – WAY FORWARD
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Given the importance of clear, measurable goals and development enablers in the post-2015 development agenda, measuring ICT remains a relevant and important task.
There is a need to link policy and statistician communities on ICT measurement.
One role of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development is to create this linkage.
ICT MEASUREMENT POST-2015 – WAY FORWARD
Thank you for listening
Tomasz Janowski
Center for Electronic Governance
United Nations University IIST