Measuring Consumptive Use for Alfalfa and Grass Hayfields ... · Volumetric Flow Meter Tailwater...

Photo: Orchard Mesa Research Center 08/04/2015

PROJECT PARTNERS

Dr. Perry Cabot │ Colorado State University

Photo: Orchard Mesa Research Center 03/28/2016

Measuring Consumptive Use for Alfalfa and Grass Hayfields Using Reflectance-Based Methods at Ground Surface

PROJECT PARTNERS

Measuring Consumptive Use for Alfalfa and Grass Hayfields Using Reflectance-Based Methods at Ground Surface

Dr. Perry Cabot │ Colorado State University

Photo: Orchard Mesa Research Center 08/06/2016Photo: Orchard Mesa Research Center 03/28/2016

Multi-Year / Multi-Site Study of Partial-Season Irrigation

Evapotranspiration Rates ?Conserved CU ?Forage Yields ?

Recovery after Stress Period ?

Water Bank Workgroup│ November 2, 2018 │ Grand Junction, CO 3

ECKERT, COLOMA, COIrrigated Acreage - Divisions 4, 5, 6, 7


The 1929 cut‐off is June 25, 1929, the effective date of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, which became the basis for the apportionment of the lower mainstem in Arizona v. California. The 1922 cut‐off is November 24, 1922, the date that the 1922 Compact was signed.

ECKERT, COLOMA, COWSLCU Requirement - Divisions 4, 5, 6, 7


MWH. 2012. Colorado River Water Bank Feasibility Study. Phase 1. Prepared for Colorado River Water Conservation District. 155 pp.

Grand Valley and Orchard Mesa

Uncompahgre and North Fork

Southwest

Upper Gunnison



Research Outline

LOMA, COSoil Water Balance (IWB) Monitoring

Soil Water Content Reflectometers (CS655)

6”

18”

30”

Solar PanelCellular Antennae

1.5” Neutron Probe Access Tube ~ 8.0’ 1.0” Groundwater

Depth Well ~ 12.0’

Data Logger

∆ VWC = ETa (from root zone)

ET

SeametricsVolumetric Flow

Meter

Tailwater Flume with Pressure Transducer

2016 CWI Advisory Meeting │November 11, 2016 │ Denver, CO 10

Dc = Dp + ETa – P – Irr – U + SRO + DP“Actual ET”


Soil-Water Balance Monitoring (continued)

LOMA, CO Reference Evapotranspiration


CoAgMet collects local weather data in irrigated agricultural areas. Standardized instrumentation, dataloggers and telemetry deployed

through a network of stations. Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind,

Solar Radiation, Precipitation ASCE evapotranspiration equation (ETr)

LOMA, COReference Evapotranspiration (continued)


http://www.coagmet.com/ over 100 stations

deployed in Colorado


Remote SensingSatellite Operating Period Revisit Sensor Band # Band Bandwidth (nm) GSD (m)

Landsat 7 Apr 1999 ‐ present 16 days ETM 12345678

BlueGreenRedNIR

SWIR‐1LWIRSWIR‐2Pan

450 – 520520 – 600630 – 690760 – 9001550 – 175010400 – 125002080 – 2350500 – 900

3030303030603015

Landsat 8 Mar 2013 ‐ present 16 days OLI 123456789

CoastalBlueGreenRedNIR

SWIR‐1SWIR‐2PanCirrus

433 – 453450 – 515525 – 600630 – 680845 – 8851560 – 16602100 – 2300500 – 6801360 – 1390

3030303030303015

Multi-Spectral Handheld Radiometer (MSR5) used to determine spectral signature of plants

MSR5 measures wavebands centered at blue (485 nm), green (560 nm), red (660 nm), near infrared (NIR, 830 nm), and short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1650 nm) similar to Landsat Thematic Mapper 5 satellite (ground-truth)

ECKERT, COLOMA, CORemote Sensing / Radiometer MeasurementsLANDSAT 7 / 8


LOMA, CO Spectral Signatures


LOMA, CO Spectral Signatures (continued)


Healthy plants are green because they contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light

in the red and blue regions of the visible light spectrum

Green light is not absorbed but reflected

Chlorophyll Absorption

LOMA, CO Spectral Signatures (continued)


Vegetation Index Abbrev Equation Reference

Simple Ratio SR (NIR/RED) Tucker, 1979

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI (NIR‐RED)/(NIR+RED) Tucker, 1979

Transformed Vegetation Index TVI (NDVI + 0.5)0.5 Tucker, 1979

Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index IPVI NIR/(NIR+RED) Crippen, 1990

Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI [(NIR‐RED) /(NIR+RED+L)] ×(1+L) Huete, 1988

Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index MSAVI (2NIR+1‐[(2NIR+1)2‐8(NIR‐RED)]0.5)/2 Qi et al., 1994

Difference Vegetation Index DVI NIR‐RED Roujean and Breon,1995

Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index RDVI (NDVI×DVI)0.5 Roujean and Breon,1995

Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index OSAVI 1.16×(NIR‐RED)/(NIR+RED+0.16) Rondeaux et al., 1996

Green Normalized Difference Veg Index GNDVI (NIR‐GREEN)/(NIR+GREEN) Gitelson and Merzlyak, 1998

Normalized Difference Water Index NDWI (NIR‐SWIR)/(NIR+SWIR) Gao, 1996

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

MSR5 Measurements


LOMA, CODeveloping a Spectral Signature ModelStudy Study Area Crop Type ModelNeale et al. (1989) Colorado (Fruita)

Colorado (Greeley)CornCorn

Kc = 1.092NDVI – 0.053Kc = 1.181NDVI – 0.026

Bausch et al. (1993) Colorado Corn Kcb = 1.416savi + 0.017

Singh & Irmak (2009) Nebraska CornSoybeanSorghumAlfalfa

Kc = 1.31NDVI + 0.027Kc = 1.22NDVI + 0.033Kc = 1.34NDVI – 0.056Kc = 0.981NDVI + 0.113

Johnson et al. (2012) California GarlicPepperBroccoliLettuce

Kcb = ‐0.985fc2+1.759fc+0.272Kcb = ‐0.078fc2+1.124fc+0.142Kcb = ‐0.933fc2+1.756fc+0.181Kcb = ‐0.985fc2+1.759fc+0.209

Kamble et al. (2013) NebraskaSouth Dakota

MaizeGrassSoybean

Kc = 1.457NDVI ‐ 0.1725

Vashisht (2016) Western Colorado Grass Kc = 1.195NDVI – 0.057

Alam et al. (2018) NSW, Australia Grass Kc = (1.84 ± 0.41) × NDVI2 ‐ (1.03 ± 0.48) × NDVI + (0.42 ± 0.14)Water Bank Workgroup│ November 2, 2018 │ Grand Junction, CO 22

Developing a Spectral Signature Model

Reflectance‐based crop coefficient approachRequires multispectral bands, weather data

Crop ET is directly related to crop coefficients (Kc) and Vegetation Index (e.g., NDVI)

Kcr = a x NDVI +b

Radiometric Kc values have the advantages of capturing vegetation growth as affected by climate as well soil moisture stress

ETa = Kcr x ETrefWater Bank Workgroup│ November 2, 2018 │ Grand Junction, CO 23

ET June 28, 2016 (mm)Field boundary

High : 10

Low : 0

±

Uncompahgre Valley Irrigated AcreageDelta alfalfa

Montrose grass hay

Radiometer Measurements as an additional ground truth


Kruthaupt Ranch

ET June 5, 2016 (mm)Field boundary

High : 10

Low : 0

±

Upper Gunnison Irrigated Acreage


LOMA, CODeveloping a Spectral Signature Model


ETa is obtained using Soil Water Balance ETr is obtained using ASCE Standardized Equation Using these values together, we calculate a crop coefficient (Kca) defined as the ratio of ETa and ETr (Allen et al., 1998)

Kca = ETa/Etr

By comparing Kca at equivalent times as the VI, we can evaluate a relationship between Kca and the spectral signature of the field

LOMA, CODeveloping a Spectral Signature Model


VIKCA = A × (VI) + B

A B R² RMSE MBE NSCESR 0.06 0.04 0.78 0.10 ‐0.001 0.78

NDVI 1.12 ‐0.08 0.87 0.08 0.004 0.87TVI 2.35 ‐1.85 0.86 0.08 0.007 0.86IPVI 2.30 ‐1.24 0.87 0.08 0.001 0.87SAVI 1.46 0.02 0.80 0.10 ‐0.004 0.80MSAVI 1.27 0.11 0.78 0.11 0.002 0.78DVI 2.06 0.08 0.69 0.12 0.004 0.69RDVI 1.54 ‐0.02 0.71 0.11 0.005 0.71OSAVI 1.45 ‐0.02 0.82 0.08 0.002 0.82GNDVI 1.83 ‐0.52 0.87 0.09 0.004 0.87NDWI 0.95 0.41 0.80 0.09 0.003 0.80

LOMA, CONDVI Model for grass canopy (Gautam et al., 2018)


y = 1.12x - 0.08R² = 0.87

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Kca

NDVI

LOMA, CO Conclusion and General Procedure


Regular measurement of spectral signatures using a combination of handheld (MSR5) or satellite instrumentation (LANDSAT) spatio-temporal scales need to be considered!!

Daily recording of ETr using meterological data (CoAgMet) Use reflectance-based model to identify “canopy coefficient” Kca = 1.12 x NDVI – 0.08 (Gautam et al., 2018)

Calculate ETa (for specific field conditions on given days) ETa = 1.12 x ETr

http://eeflux-level1.appspot.com

Discussion and Conclusions


Kilic, A. and R. Allen (2015)METRIC‐EFFLUX ON Google Earth Engine platform: http://eeflux‐level1.appspot.com


Kilic, A. and R. Allen (2015)METRIC‐EFFLUX ON Google Earth Engine platform: http://eeflux‐level1.appspot.com

Measuring Consumptive Use for Alfalfa and Grass Hayfields ... · Volumetric Flow Meter Tailwater...

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