Measures for Preventing Disaster Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster M....

Measures for Preventing DisasterMeasures for Preventing Disaster

Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake DisasterFacing an Earthquake Disaster

M.M. Özhan YAĞCIÖzhan YAĞCI

İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality


ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY CARRIES OUT DISASTER STUDIES UNDER 2 BASIC TOPICS

1- RISK MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STUDIES

2- DISASTER MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE STUDIES

The main principle of the Municipality is to prevent and protect individuals against the risk rather

than to rescue them from the debris.


1- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STUDIES

a)- Studies on Urban Geology

b)- Earthquake Stations

c)- Earthquake Prediction Project

d)- Emergency Transportation Action Plan ( Earthquake,flood and snow)

e)- International Meetings and Publications

f)- Microzonation and Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan

g)- Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul (EMPI)

h)- Implementation of EMPI (Zeytinburnu Pilot Project)


SOME of Ongoing STUDIES

a)- Offshore Projects [Detection of potential land slide areas and faults (IBB/ITU)]

b)- Microzonation Project [Preparation of 1/2000 Microzonation Maps to be based to Land Use &Construction Plans]

c)- FORESIGTH Project [Frequent Observation-driven Realistic Evaluation & Simulation of Interacting Geophysical Hazard

Triggers (IBB-EU-TUBITAK)]

d)- HAZTURK Project [Creating standards for Risk Mitigation by adapting the HAZUS (FEMA) to local scale (IBB/ ITU)]

e)- Megacities Project [Turkish-German joint project for vulnerability analysis by microzonation and remote detection. ]


a)- Studies on Urban Geology: On the basis of construction plans 1/5000 scale permitted

settlement, geotechnical/geological mapping studies

completed in digital environment.

b)- Earthquake Stations : To watch the micro-seismic activity of Istanbul,

14 Monitoring and Recording Stations founded. (IBB-TUBITAK-BU/Kandilli)

c)-Earthquake Prediction Project: By means of 16 deep well stations located near to the fault

lines within the region, the physical and chemical changes of

the mineral water sources and ‘radon’ gas are daily

monitored to determine the relationship with possible

earthquakes.(IBB-TUBITAK)


d)- Emergency Transportation Action Plan: The studies completed to create alternative routes to reach main

roads, bridges, coastal passages, air and sea lines as well as railway

Systems,

Tent areas, health facilities, administrative and educational institutions as well as logistic support units. Setting up of 72 heliports.

e)-International Meetings and Publications: Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality have hosted many national

and international meetings (ex; The Second EMI Meeting on 17th August 2000) and published earthquake guidebooks,documents and reports to increase public awareness.


f)-Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan including Microzonation

A joint project carried out with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), aiming to analyze the risk on the basis of two different earthquake scenario.

Building and population data for the project area.

Total : Approx. 750,000 buildings,

3,040,000 families and 9,000,000 People(Night Population)


Earthquake Scenarios for Determining the Damage

Model C L=174km, M=7.7

Model A L=119km,M=7.5

Postulated Earthquake Damages and Post-Event Needs• Heavily damaged buildings : 50,000 - 60,000• Homeless: 500,000 - 600,000

• Death toll : 70,000 - 90,000

• 135.000 injured

• 1,000 - 2,000 water pipe damages

• 30,000 Natural Gas service box damages

• 3% damage in power lines

• 8% of the public facilities (schools, hospitals, etc.) will be heavily damaged

• 20 out of 460 bridges have high possibility of collapse

• 300.000 tents required

• Rescue operations for 1.000.000 people• 40 billion US$ economic loss


Distribution of Peak Ground Acceleration : Model C


Number of heavily damaged buildings: Model C


Recommendations from the JICA Study on Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan Including Microzonation

• Retrofitting of Public Facilities (Hospitals, Schools, City Hall, etc.)• Retrofitting of Infrastructure (Bridges, Port Facilities, Lifelines) • Campaign for Raising Awareness on Disaster Prevention

Short and Medium Term Measures

Long Term Measures • Master Plan for Earthquake Disaster Prevention• Formulation of Urban Redevelopment Plan Aimed at Earthquake-Resistant City • Promotion of Research on Earthquake-Resistant Buildings • Establishment of Credit System for Earthquake-Resistant Housing • Institutional System Improvement for Disaster Management


g)- Istanbul Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul: (EMPI)

The scope of Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul comprised of the works in the following areas;

a) Assessment of current situation b) Technical issues (Seismic assessment & rehabilitation of existing buildings)

c) Administrative issues d) Urban planning issues e) Legal issues f ) Financial issues g) Educational issues h) Social issues i) Risk and Disaster management issues


EMPI is essentially a social contract between

Central Central GovernmentGovernment

District District MunicipalitiesMunicipalities

EnterprisesEnterprises

InstitutionsInstitutions

NGO’sNGO’s

Local Local GovernmentGovernment

identifying responsibilities, commitments, and methods identifying responsibilities, commitments, and methods of supervisory functionsof supervisory functions

‘ACTION PLAN’


EMPI The purpose of EMPI is not to retrofit all buildings but to enhance safety

and total quality of life in Istanbul.

EMPI is an endless process; yet has its short and medium-term targets.

EMPI not only aims to reduce risks in existing urban environment but to avoid vulnerabilities in the formation of new urban environment.

EMPI will lead Urban Development Projects and Local Transformation Programs

‘ACTION PLAN’


The seismic assessment of buildings is proposed to be done in three stages

The first stage inspection/evaluation; “street survey”

The second stage assessment; more detailed assessment /evaluation;

The third stage detailed assessment /evaluation;

Simplified strengthening vs comprehensive strengthening


List of works require financingPre-Earthquake:

- Studies on earthquake vulnerability and safety

- Technical investigation and strengthening (or re-location) of public structures (hospitals, schools, key government buildings, infrastructure, bridges, dams, etc.)

- Technical investigation and strengthening (or re-location) of private buildings (residential, commercial and industrial buildings)

- Other related works mentioned in the Master Plan.

Post Earthquake:

- Provision of shelter, food, medical and social services to citizens

- Technical investigation, repair and reconstruction of public and private buildings and structures.


h)- Implementation of EMPI (Zeytinburnu Pilot Project)

The implementation of EMPI started under the guidance of 4 universities comprising a group of specialist staff. A trained team of 70 engineers and architects started to analyze the buildings (apprx. 20,000 buildings) within the pilot area by following the methodologies described in EMPI.

The Study was finished by the end of 2004 and started to be applied to whole city.

400 Million US$ of credit issued by the World Bank to finance the retrofitting

of the buildings, disaster management and planning studies.


BÜYÜKÇEKMECE

AVCILARBAHÇELİEVLER

ADALAR

BAKIRKÖY

EMİNÖNÜ

FATİH

GÜNGÖREN

BAYRAMPAŞA

ZEYTİNBURNU

OTHER DISTRICTS in PRIORITY


2- EMERGENCY RESPONSE STUDIES

Disaster Coordination Center (AKOM)

Every Wednesday, the related units and authorities meet regularly to Every Wednesday, the related units and authorities meet regularly to report and discuss their works to complete their preparations to mitigate report and discuss their works to complete their preparations to mitigate possible damages from expected major earthquake.. possible damages from expected major earthquake..


AKOM DIRECTORATEAKOM DIRECTORATE(Fire-brigade Manager)(Fire-brigade Manager) Director of AKOMDirector of AKOM

FIREFIREBRIGADEBRIGADE

DEP.DEP.

HEALTHHEALTHDEP.DEP.

ENTERP.ENTERP.DEP.DEP.

SOIL &SOIL &EARTH.EARTH. DEP. DEP.

HEAD HEAD DEFENCEDEFENCE

SECRETARYSECRETARY

DIR.DIR.OF OF

TECHNICALTECHNICALAFFAIRSAFFAIRS

FOREIGNFOREIGNRELATIONSRELATIONS İGDAŞİGDAŞ İSKİİSKİ

AKOMAKOMIMM Deputy Secretary GeneralIMM Deputy Secretary General

TRANSTRANSPORTATIONPORTATION

DEP.DEP.


List of Current Hardware/Software at AKOM Live Broadcasting Vehicle Video Cameras ( at 55 points ) Real Time Disaster Recovery Systems/ Backup Systems Emergency Response and Early Warning System Video Conference System Fiber-optic Cable Network GIS Database Meteorology Unit


15 million US$ allocated for modernization process of Department of Fire Brigade. Two centers for emergency response and 38 new mobile teams established.

Search and Rescue Teams of AKOM comprising 1400 fire fighters and 750 rescuers are fully equipped with audio-visual search detectors, cutting and

breaking device etc.

5000 volunteers

trained for first aid.


To facilitate transportation after a disaster, sea transportation reorganized and sea busses are equipped fully to serve as mobile hospital.

More than 5000 hydrants constructed to meet the water demand after a disaster.

With the cooperation of World Health Organization and Universities we developed With the cooperation of World Health Organization and Universities we developed

a prescription for long time lasting bread. a prescription for long time lasting bread.

Capacity of 2 million bread pieces per dayCapacity of 2 million bread pieces per day

Fire Risk Map of the city was prepared.


www.ibb.gov.trwww.ibb.gov.tr

Thank youThank you

Measures for Preventing Disaster Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster M....

Documents

Transcript of Measures for Preventing Disaster Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster M....