Measurements of the thermal conductivity of several ... FunctionsandActivities...

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

6527

MEASUREMENTS OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OFSEVERAL EXPLOSIVES BY THE CONDUCTIVE DISC METHOD

BY

H. E. Robinson, D. R. Flynn, and T. W. Watson

Report to theFire Protection Section

Building Technology DivisionNBS

<nbs>II. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

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maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

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Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports should be addressed to the Office of Technical Informa-

tion, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

1002-12-^322 September 1, 1959 &52?

Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of

Several Explosives by the Conductive Disc Method

by

H. E. Robinson, D. R. Flynn, and To W. WatsonHeat Transfer Section

Building Technology Division

Report to theFire Protection Section

Building Technology DivisionNBS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF S'

intended for use yvithin the

to additional evaluation and

listing of this Report, either

the Office of the Director, N

however, by the Governmen

to reproduce additional cop.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

progress accounting documents

irmally published it is subjected

,reproduction, or open-literature

ision is obtained in writing from

Such permission is not needed,

prepared if that agency wishes

<NBS>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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Umexuemmtm ©f ttm thmvmt Conductivity m';-G¥src-I £a^le*ive* the Conductive elm

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la cm&mtlm with detmmlMMtlcm of the tkemextie* ci mplmivm &m #©Xid propellants-, umd#rUle*B % the/ire Protection Section cf the Seticeal tureen of Standardsfor ilk* e&v&X t r&a&aee libera ter^., #i^sur4HMK&te were desired

4k# iitrMi cl Umm Bmcu&c ctp0**4hi* dte&geff of si thm aaierisXs, It m% 4mlm&%%&% thm lefts eiMNtiUt M mm cn mmplm ct ti.ml.tm aimiXmm thm 1 Ih) la m cmSlmhlm smii mmctgJtcmd vault ,

with cmtmM m& eh&m?mhicm$ mt a afettle* mtsitc thevault*

thm Seat transfer testiest m% eoiymlim$ thepmslbllHf #f providing- * emiihhi# reliable &pp&r&tm& ftr®sjfeiss-_.th«se_ ih«ri&i*i eoaduetieity acaeur***&!& • &*v typeef ededsetivlt? ia*fceiariiaj| *pp«?*tuk f wbleh h&c beenunder mfc&®S£t*tte&l o#nsl4#r&iie% ^peered &ere p^tmX&iag foriMi epplleetie* then several eliefttetiv# nethede that v«r«considered* iiOccrSingly, the Mmt Trm&Zex "metXm cm**treated «m opprepriet* apparatus of the nr# tjr$e* the desiga&«# calibration ct yhich me described bele.^*

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the eefteafciel elea**®!* ef Ik* *e©adactlv© alee ’ *pp&r&~tm Qcmlnt of a eireeX&r dlae of êtaX e&nhwi cfeec betweent»© epeciaeas of the #«me * whisk la turn are f&sd-wicked between tv* w&ter^coeied jpXfctee cf Vm tmm di&sseier(see figure X). XJa# eea&oetlee 4iê is unil'^rai/ neîec «tIts eireuler edge by aesusa of electrical resistance wire setin a groove* She hml generated at the alee edge tends toflow in the disc r*:*i ally toward lie center, &&£ 4l.se te fl&?from the disc through the two epecl&eoi to the uniform-temperature mM plates* Thee, the eleady-etete teaperatur#ef the conductive 41m decrease# tmme its center

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the effective e®86met&<nee cl the spseisft&seau* fee «?itlemX&te4? if the temperatare c>f the ecld pl&tssszul the eemdmctielfcy sad tlaidtat*® of the disc &r*kao«B*

Ik* &pp&mtm - mmtwmte£ Ms e disaster disc oftype |Cl|. eteiaiee* steel, to « thicknessef a*7£6^ «*» Xa addition %& oat thermocouple a.% the stator

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three *ddltl*aft.x £he?m&t$«$Xe jmztlem $r« lessted -at i?o*angular sp&eifif at e radian «f §®j til thermocoupleImctio&s bet&c Inset la msiellte contact with thefree! at smrfaee of the disc, list cold pistes %m 6~i&chdiscs of ferae s* X «s thick* mitfe several Iwn ofcopper tube soldered to their aeft**mrJtl&$ side* for circula-tion fcf eeolsmfe* the vevltitaf emrf-aee* «f the eol. plateswere turned flat la & lathe after the *£L&#rlag ots e®»-pitted* 4 thermocouple Juaetiem is imstt i& tSe ferats discat its center for fieeemrisi its temperature . it# dimeaeic .3

selected for the conductive 41st of the epparttas were predi-cated on jNMmreMftts ea epaeiseaa 1/2 imk thick W € inchesin assist thermal eeadmefeivities la the range frono*f to 5*0 sm/m1 c.

the heater winding in the edge-graev* ef the cendmetiv*il#c mmtst® of approximately 13 ft &f M* 3$ ee&atamtamwire* feifilarXjr wouna, insulated with ulm&tar«a&tms4tadfiberglass sleevisg* Its ei#etrleei reslttasea is approxi-mately 60 ohms*

Asaeaiated #q>^L|>3eefit im&lmm & SO gel , Imk with ;»

X&feor&tory lmmeraiea pomp for ciremlatiag water through thetoM plate eaili at about 1 gp&, e reltege regulator end 4variable *-e tramsferma? for power supply to the dlse Seeter.and a precision potentiometer for t&ermctemt^Xe readings* illthermocouples m* mm of So* 30 eej^per end eeestente& wir#^ >

and are meed with the referee.ee Jmotioas at 0 rt C*

3. mi 4m mM&mmT Amimm m tma» epprorimte of the eemduetlve disc aethed Is

given helow $ adeqmte for showing it* chief operating skr«-teristies, for desigaing- the epper&tm* for the meesmresemegdesired, sg4 for enabling certain ooapmtetiens of the leftresults*

4 more rigorous analysis of the sethed is being as&e todevelop a eemprsheasive asthsnMitic*! treatment of the condme-Uee Use tms, but Is net needed for the eppsrstes

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the result# #f is# esUtotiea i.t«iifii«&is are reeagdedin fable l t &n4 there ere flatted is. figure z %m hot .platemlmst ef «*ftta*i*SMNU h/1* ef the fri&tif&i sfrteisejtt* versusthe dfceeretd ¥*&•** ©r f/f^ frem the iMetifi dls* aseeewe-meats em the®. 1 re&wl&g fwt is f&irti #&«•&**! the tlxmWtmtim $*&&*» m field « eaadifc ear** re#meat lag the*%lihw&ile& of the eftadueilv* die* 4$p&r«tdi# tapertare# tfthe experiiseat&i paist* tad the tart* d» eet **«•#£ os* p*r~ttftt

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the eeadwetaae** is figure f %re mlwm l*the seas teaperetwr* of the ejerelae* la t&e **ad*#tle* die*feet when the ttld plat© teftperetart was e&eufe £?.. mad thediet aeaa i*»f©retard w*us ebewt 4fc* la tests mM withthe eeftdttettire disc *pf***tu» 9 using the eejULbretida ear**or figare * 9 %h& 4fetel&e& r**wire* earreetiea,me Jisdl©&i*& beiew, to for the efeusge is list

if the diet ae&a teaêratare deserted sigailx-e&atly frtfe> fc'fC. fhe eorrecied ttadwataate carrerpeads tothe eetuei wee» t*ef<arat*3r* af thm epeeiaes Is the eaadue*tie* die* test*

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iim conductivity of i&e type 303 st&i&Xtis* stool of 41*e1$ o&x«ulat*4 to to* 0*150 w/osb C- at Ci :?

ec* x mw&mmmtm4P Mm i» XfJ& on & oa»$tX* of 'Ey** 333 rod 1 i&eh la ci--. *

H#fc?r indicated Its ecu&Svfttltlty to I® 0*l*fi v/m c at; &>*;.*

IBS Circular 5%i H¥h*smi Conductivity of Metals #r*l vlloys&t Mw ’Tm^mmSmm . a Mtlw of t&* Uter&inrr (Iff^)

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Ball [email protected] are sot am ill# #6gt& is tka ostnajNiimm pf mlh sold at Asgnlaf niasiags of 110^.

of tk# diataiK^ a^rosa th&tall taaringn is ih* tw sold with asd without tfe*tost is *£utbl#4 tn« thi#ks«ss of tk« spaci -*

mm to b* a#tarat«lf ddiefaimad*.

fk*#*al issulati#a of tk# working %&?*$. of th* «****tx«capparattHi was accomplishes by pouring «rooBd it within &»fill« dlasotasr mntnimt a fxo*«flowing p^erinssx&tios (siilea -atrogoi)* fk* powder insulation wasreadily iraised from around th# agfavatns by opeais|- «slidisf get* tt th# kotto* of t<b* contAlsoo*

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fo «t*rt «t test, the disc boater winding was e&erglseaat a roaoooikfeXe pmm input rate (m initial ' settles ofabout # mite inpm ms used for these sMMSOrtao&ts), as^ Iflist# power iapui u&*X the coeXioo water temperature wore con-stant , im *pjwr»t«« rou&oA 5k substantially ateaay tempera-ture oioitfltioft la fro& a to 3 hours* Se&iiag# of t &ssd ?0were t&o& periodically for *& hour or son to otoorothat steady-state eooOitfe&s existed* fht mint of Use ratio?/% dees not 6#p*&& on the ret* of ^«f Input t hat to deter-mine Hit mil# with good freclslo®, It la desirable that thedifference between f *&€ ?® be Oetorola&feio with a precisionof Matter this 1 part la tffO* -mad therefore that the rate ofpower impii ho adjested to yield &a a&e$i3&t6 difference of ¥and ?o* 2a tooting esf Xosivos, fetmeer, it ml desirable thatthe ©axiom temperature of the disc in coiUeet with the testapaelAOft fee United to sesse oaf# folso* For this apparatusthe mximm aloe temperature, which ooooro at the is&pproxlmi#Xy to

tms * t e * %(?/%}* if)

for folsoa of ?A* to 1*3«

6 . #t sjmm oi sm^srms

fable a stmarisos the data obtained with the coaditc-ties 41s© m ea$le*l*ee»

the six aateriAl* were fooaul to ho** themel tm&m~ti sities totween 1*9 *Bd f«# *m/** C.

boring the court# of the mmmTmmbB nm4# la theuo&erfreaoa ootiXt on the oxpXooim, two cheek omattrooeotswere suit on the original 1*29-ea Wmpwm® spoeisen used lamXlbmt%®g. Vm efFporetoa* tbm first was mde on initialXjsetting up the epporatos In the mult prior to the first fftf

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEKr. iloiirk II. Murllrr. Scirrlury

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSA. V. Amin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSThe scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and its mujor

laboratories in Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in

technical work. In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the

field indicated by its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the

inside of the front cover.

WASHINGTON, D.C.

•Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Devices. Electrical Instruments. Mag-netic Measurements. Dielectrics. Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic Technology.

Length. Engineering Metrology.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Engine Fuels. Free Radi-

cals Research.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State Physics.

Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Physics. Radiation Theory. Radioactivity. X-rays. High

Energy Radiation. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic

Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical Chemistry. Thermo-

chemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound., Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics, Mass and Scale.

Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer-

Structure. Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion. Metal Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials.

Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigera-

tion. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering.- Mathematical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry.

Digital Systems. Analog Systems. Application Engineering.

• Officc of Basic Instrumentation. • Office of Weights and Measures.

BOULDER, COLORADOCryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Gas Lique-

faction.)

Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation

Services. Sun-Karth'Relationships. VII F Research. Radio Warning Services. Airglow and Aurora. Radio

Astronomy and Arctic, Propagation.

Radio Propagat ion Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Modulation Systems. Radio Noise.

Tropospheric - Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Radio Systems Application Engineering. Radio-

Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere Physics.

Radio Standards. High Frequency Electrical Standards. Radio Broadcast Service. High Frequency Im-

pedance Standards, Electronic Calibration Center. Microwave Physics. Microwave Circuit Standards.

Rudio Communication and Systems, Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. High Fre-

quency and Very High Frequency Research. Ultra High Frequency and Super High Frequency Research.

Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Navigation Systems. Systems Analysis. Field Operations.

Measurements of the thermal conductivity of several ... FunctionsandActivities...

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Transcript of Measurements of the thermal conductivity of several ... FunctionsandActivities...