Measurement Systems - University of Babylon
Transcript of Measurement Systems - University of Babylon
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Measurement SystemsProf. Ahmed A. Al-Rajihy
University of BabylonCollege of Engineering-Almusyyab
Department of Automobiles Engineering
Text: Measurement Systems, Application and Design by Ernest O. Doebelin.
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INTRODUCTION
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WHY STUDY
MEASUREMENTS ?
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TYPES OF MEASUREMENT APLICATIONS
- Monitoring of Measured Variables and operations, eg; monitoring temperature
and humidity, in hospital rooms.- Control of processes and operations, eg;
control of oven temperature.- Experimental engineering analysis, eg;
experimental investigations.
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Ruler
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Vernier
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Micrometer
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Common measured variables.
Displacement Velocity Acceleration Elasticity Viscosity Composition Force/Weight Pressure TorqueTemperature Humidity pHVolume Mass Density Voltage Current Power Volume Flow rate Level
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Controller or
Observer
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Measurementof Strain Calculate stressValue
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The Generalized Measurement System Most measurement systems may be divided into three parts (stages);1‐ A detector –transducer* stage, which detects the physical variable and perform either a mechanical or electrical transformation to convert the signal into a more usable form. *The transducer is a device that transforms one physical effect into another.
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2- Some intermediate stage, which modifies the direct signal by amplification, filtering or any other means so that a desirable output is available.
3- The final or terminating stage, which acts to indicate, record or control the variable being measured.
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Examples:
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Functional Elements of a Measurement System (structure of
measurement systems):The primary and/or secondary transducergives an output which is a function of themeasurand (the input applied to it) such asliquid in glass thermometer, thermocouple,strain gauge, …..
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Signal conditioning element;The output of the primary transducer isoften in inconvenient form, and it hasto be converted into a more convenientone. For example the output of a straingauge is a varying resistance, this isconverted to a voltage by a bridgecircuit.
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The signal processing element is represented by;-Electronic amplifier,-Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) which converts a voltage into a digital form for input to a computer,-Computer which calculates the measured value of the variable from the incoming digital data.
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*Signal transmission element is usedto transmit data (signal) from oneelement to another.
*Signal utilization may takes theform either of a signal presentationunit or of a signal recordingelement.
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Ex; Temperature Measurement System (Primary Sensing Element)
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Ex; Force Measurement System (Primary + Secondary Sensing Element)
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Standard Inputs: 1‐ Step Input2‐ Impulse Input3‐ Ramp Input4‐ Terminated Ramp5‐ periodic Input
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Thank You For Listening