y a VLECK.A *040d o n: 9 · y a VLECK.A *040d o n: 9 . z grog y,10rY10Y
meanx = 9 y
Transcript of meanx = 9 y
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Effective plots
Steven M. HollandGeology
meanx = 9 meany = 7.5
variancex = 11 variancey = 4.12
correlationxy = 0.816 regression: y=0.5x + 3
Anscombe’s Quartet
same x mean, y mean,
x variance, y variance, correlation,
& regression!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscombe%27s_quartet
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First rule of data analysis:
Plot your dataEdward Tufte
Washington Post
Maximize the data to ink ratio
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Vibrating graphics Too many labels
Pseudo 3D Box overload
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Unnecessary keys and legends Chartjunk
USA Today
Gizmodo
Business Insider
Don’t be deceptive
FOX News
Don’t be deceptive
FOX News
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Don’t be deceptive
FOX News
Don’t be deceptive
Improving your charts
Linus Pauling, 1947
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The Tufte Treatment The Tufte Treatment
Plots should make a point
Unnecessary keys and legends
Cincinnati Enquirer
Solution: direct labeling
What sports should be eliminated to save money?
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Confusing visual hierarchy Solution: size & boldness reflect importance
Small multiples
Combine plots to promote comparison
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Limits to how many data series can be combined Use small multiples
Small multiples - before Small multiples - after
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Nest to convey patterns
Small multiples in maps
Using color
Don’t use color as decoration
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Use color for emphasis
0.00
0.40
0.80
1.20
1.60
W-a M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
CINCINNATIANWHITE. MOHAWKIAN
Upper Black Riveran R K Sherm. Edenian Mays. Richmondian
460 455 450 445Age (Ma)
Stage
Series
EE 4.1 EE 4.2 EE 4.3
0.00
0.40
0.80
1.20
1.60
Sequences:
study interval
MohawkianExodus
RichmondianInvasion
Use color to reflect a variable
Use color to contrast groups of data Use color to make connections
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Consistency in color: make connections between slides Consistency in color: make connections between slides
Consistency in color: make connections between slides
Design plots with a message
Maximize the data to ink ratio
Use small multiples
Use color to make a point
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Common plots
Bar Graph
barplot(corn, xlab='', ylab='Corn harvesting area (x1000 acres)', names.arg=names, las=1)
Ohio Michigan Georgia Alabama Wyoming Florida
Cor
n ha
rves
ting
area
(x10
00 a
cres
)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
x
Frequency
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
5
10
15
20
25
Histogram
hist(x, col="gray", main="", las=1)
10
20
30
40
N
EW
Rose Diagram
rose(x, theFill=”gray”) # Function written by SMH
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Scatterplot
plot(x, y, xlab="abundance", ylab="diversity", las=1, pch=16)plot(x, y, xlab="time", ylab="concentration", las=1, type="l", lwd=2)
2 3 4 5 6
−1
0
1
2
3
time
concentration
Contour Plots (Surface Plots)
contour(myX, myY, myData, xlab="meters east", ylab="meters north", las=1)filled.contour(myX, myY, myData, xlab="meters east", ylab="meters north", las=1, color.palette=rainbow)
meters east
met
ers
north
2 4 6 8 10
2
4
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10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2 4 6 8 10
2
4
6
8
10
meters east
met
ers
north
Bubble Plot
bubble(meuse, "cadmium", maxsize=2.5, main="Cd concentration", key.entries=2^(1:4)) #requires gstat and ps packages
Cd concentration
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Bubble Plot
https://acasignups.net/21/08/11/us-covid19-vaccination-levels-county-over-time
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Spartina
Juncus
Borrichia
Salicornia
Iva
Pie Chart
pie(x, labels=plants) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart
Pie charts vs. bar graphs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart
Pie charts vs. bar graphs Ternary Charts
ternaryplot(myData, cex=0.5, col="black", labels=c("none"), main="") #requires vcd package
Feldspar Lithics
Quartz
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