ME33: Fluid Flow Information and Introduction Eric G. Paterson Department of Mechanical and Nuclear...

ME33: Fluid FlowInformation and Introduction

Eric G. PatersonDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering

The Pennsylvania State University

Spring 2005

Information and IntroductionME33 : Fluid Flow 2

Note to InstructorsThese slides were developed1 during the spring semester 2005, as a teaching aid for the

undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course (ME33: Fluid Flow) in the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at Penn State University. This course had two sections, one taught by myself and one taught by Prof. John Cimbala. While we gave common homework and exams, we independently developed lecture notes. This was also the first semester that Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications was used at PSU. My section had 93 students and was held in a classroom with a computer, projector, and blackboard. While slides have been developed for each chapter of Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, I used a combination of blackboard and electronic presentation. In the student evaluations of my course, there were both positive and negative comments on the use of electronic presentation. Therefore, these slides should only be integrated into your lectures with careful consideration of your teaching style and course objectives.

Eric PatersonPenn State, University ParkAugust 2005

1 These slides were originally prepared using the LaTeX typesetting system (http://www.tug.org/) and the beamer class (http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/), but were translated to PowerPoint for wider dissemination by McGraw-Hill.


Time and Location

ME 033, Fluid Flow, Section 1

Time: 12:20 - 1:10, MWF

Location: 220 Hammond


Instructor and TA

Eric PatersonAssoc. Prof. of Mechanical EngineeringDept Head and Senior Research Assoc., Applied Research LabPh.D., The University of Iowa, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic ResearchResearch Interests

Naval Hydrodynamics: turbulence simulation, cavitation, flow control, vehicle maneuvering, hydroacousticsBiological Fluid Dynamics: cardiovascular flows, artificial organs, bio-mimetics

Shankar NarayananGraduate student in Mechanical EngineeringHome country: IndiaResearch interest: Computational Fluid Dynamics


Textbook

Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and ApplicationsYunus Cengal (UNV Reno) and John Cimbala (Penn State)ISBN: 0072472367 Published Jan. 2005 Includes DVD with movies created at PSU by Prof. Gary SettlesAvailable at

PSU Bookstore, $135.00 Amazon.com, $132.50


ANGEL

All class material and announcements will be posted on ANGEL (www.angel.psu.edu), Penn State’s Course Management System

SyllabusClass policiesSchedule/CalendarLecture notesMessage boardsHomework assignmentsGrades


Grading and Academic Integrity Policies

All exams and homework assignments are comprehensiveHomework: 35%Mid-Term: 30%Final: 35%College of Engineering's Academic Integrity website explains what behaviors are in violation of academic integrity, and the review process for such violationsSpecifically for this course

First offense: zero score for the item in questionSecond offense: failure of the course


Homework

PhilosophyOne of the best ways to learn something is through practice and repetition

Therefore, homework assignments are extremely important in this class!

Homework sets will be carefully designed, challenging, and comprehensive. If you study and understand the homework, you should not have to struggle with the exams


Homework

PolicyHomework is due on Friday at the beginning of class. Homework turned in late will receive partial credit according to the following rules:1. 10% off if turned in after class, but before 5:00 on the due date2. 25% off if turned in after 5:00 on the due date, but by 5:00 the next

school day3. 50% off if turned in after 5:00 the next school day, but within one

week4. No credit if turned in after one week

Exceptions will be made under extreme circumstances.Solutions will be made available within a week after the due dateTo ease grading, homework submissions MUST follow specified format (see ANGEL)


Homework

Policy, continuedStudents are allowed (and encouraged) to work in groups of two or three on the homework assignments, provided that each person in the group is contributing to each solution. If students choose to work in a group, only one completed assignment needs to be turned in per group. Please make sure that each student's name is indicated clearly on the cover page of the homework assignment. All students in a group will receive the same grade for that assignmentOnly a subset of assigned problems will be thoroughly graded. The remaining problems will only be checked for correct answers


Motivation for Studying Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics is omnipresentAerodynamicsBioengineering and biological systemsCombustionEnergy generationGeologyHydraulics and HydrologyHydrodynamicsMeteorologyOcean and Coastal EngineeringWater Resources…numerous other examples…

Fluid Mechanics is beautiful


Aerodynamics


Bioengineering


Energy generation


Geology


River Hydraulics


Hydraulic Structures


Hydrodynamics


Meteorology


Water Resources


Fluid Mechanics is Beautiful


Tsunamis

Tsunami: Japanese for “Harbour Wave”

Created by earthquakes, land slides, volcanoes, asteroids/meteors

Pose infrequent but high risk for coastal regions.


Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and apocalyptic events?

Most cultures have deep at their core a flood myth in which the great bulk of humanity is destroyed and a few are left to repopulate and repurify the human race. In most of these stories, God is meting out retribution, punishing those who have strayed from his path

Were these “local” floods due to a tsunami instead of global events?



Scientists now widely accept that the worldwide sequence of mass extinctions at the Cretaceous Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65 million years ago was directly caused by the collision of an asteroid or comet with Earth. Evidence for this includes the large (200-km diameter) buried impact structure at Chicxulub in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, the worldwide iridium-enriched layer at the K/T boundary, and the tsunamic deposits well inland in North America, all dated to the same epoch as the extinction event.



La Palma Mega-Tsunami = geologic time bomb? Cumbre Vieja volcano erupts and causes western half of La Palma island to collapse into the Atlantic and send a 1500 ft. tsunami crashing into Eastern coast of U.S.


Methods for Solving Fluid Dynamics Problems

Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD) Mathematical analysis of governing equations, including exact and approximate solutions. This is the primary focus of ME33Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Numerical solution of the governing equationsExperimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD) Observation and data acquisition.


Analytical Fluid Dynamics

How fast do tsunamis travel in the deep ocean?Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Linearized wave equation for inviscid, irrotational flow

Shallow-water approximation, /h >> 1

For g = 32.2 ft/s2 and h=10000 ft, c=567 ft/s = 387 miles/hr


Computational Fluid Dynamics

In comparison to analytical methods, which are good for providing solutions for simple geometries or behavior for limiting conditions (such as linearized shallow water waves), CFD provides a tool for solving problems with nonlinear physics and complex geometry.

Animation by Vasily V. Titov, Tsunami Inundation Mapping Efforts, NOAA/PMEL


Experimental Fluid Dynamics

Oregon State University Wave Research LaboratoryModel-scale experimental facilities

Tsunami Wave BasinLarge Wave Flume

Dimensional analysis (Chapter 7 of C&C) is very important in designing a model experiment which represents physics of actual problem


Experimental Fluid Dynamics

Experiments are sometimes conducted in the field or at full scale

For tsunamis, data acquisition is used for warning

DART: Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis

Primary sensor: Bourdon tube for measuring hydrostatic pressure

ME33: Fluid Flow Information and Introduction Eric G. Paterson Department of Mechanical and Nuclear...

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