ME165-1_Week-1.1 Introduction_2015-16_3T_2240195

8/17/2019 ME165-1_Week-1.1 Introduction_2015-16_3T_2240195

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ME165-

1

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES

Engr. EstWeek-1.1 Introduction

2015-2016 / 3T


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LTERN TIVE ENERGY

• The world currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and nat

gas for its energy.

• Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on

resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too

expensive or too environmentally damaging to retriev

•

In contrast, the many types of renewable energy resosuch as wind, solar, and hydro energy - are constantl

replenished and will never run out.


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LTERN TIVE ENERGY RESOURCES

• Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alterna

fossil fuel. The term "alternative" presupposes a set of undesirable energ

technologies against which "alternative energies" are contrast

As such, the list of energy technologies excluded is an indicato

problems the alternative technologies are intended to address

Controversies regarding dominant sources of energy and theiralternatives have a long history.

The nature of what was regarded alternative energy sources h

considerably over time, and today, because of the variety of e

choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some

types as "alternative" is highly controversial.


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In a general sense in contemporary society, alternative

that which is produced without the undesirable conseq

the burning of fossil fuels, such as high carbon dioxide

emissions, which is considered to be the major contrib

factor of global warming according to the Intergovernm

Panel on Climate Change.

Sometimes, this less comprehensive meaning of "alte

energy" excludes nuclear energy (e.g. as defined in the

Next Energy Authority Act of 2002).


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• History

Coal as an alternative to wood.

"Europeans had lived in the midst of vast forests

the earlier medieval centuries.

After 1250 they became so skilled at deforestatio

1500 AD they were running short of wood for hea

cooking...

By 1500 Europe was on the edge of a fuel and nu

disaster, [from] which it was saved in the sixteent

only by the burning of soft coal and the cultivation

potatoes and maize. “


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• History (cont’d.)

Petroleum as an alternative to whale oil.

Whale oil was the dominant form of lubrication an

for lamps in the early 19th century, but the deple

the whale stocks by mid century caused whale oi

to skyrocket setting the stage for the adoption ofpetroleum which was first commercialized in Pen

in 1859.


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Alcohol as an alternative to fossil fuels

In 1917, Alexander Graham Bell advocated ethan

corn, wheat and other foodstuffs as an alternative

and oil, stating that the world was in measurable

of depleting these fuels. For Bell, the problem req

alternative was lack of renewability of orthodox ensources. Since the 1970s, Brazil has had an etha

program which has allowed the country to becom

world's second largest producer of ethanol (after

States) and the world's largest exporter.


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Alcohol as an alternative to fossil fuels

Brazil’s ethanol fuel program uses modern equip

cheap sugar cane as feedstock, and the residua

waste (bagasse) is used to process heat and pow

There are no longer light vehicles in Brazil runnin

gasoline. By the end of 2008 there were 35,000

stations throughout Brazil with at least one etha


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Coal gasification as an alternative to petroleum

In the 1970s, U.S. President Jimmy Carter's adm

advocated coal gasification as an alternative to e

imported oil.

The program, including the Synthetic Fuels Corposcrapped when petroleum prices plummeted in t

The carbon footprint and environmental impact o

gasification are both very high.


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Non-renewable Resource

A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which

reproduced, grown, generated, or used on a scale whic

sustain its consumption rate; once depleted there will

more available for future use.

Also considered non-renewable are resources that are

consumed much faster than nature can create them.

Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas)

power (uranium) and certain aquifers are examples.

Metal ores are prime examples of non-renewable re


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Renewable Resource

A renewable resource is a natural resource which

replenish with the passage of time, either throug

biological reproduction or other naturally recurrin

processes.

Renewable resources are a part of Earth's natura

environment and the largest components of its e

A positive life cycle assessment is a key indicator

resource's sustainability.


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Renewable Resource (cont’d.)

Renewable resources may be the source of powe

renewable energy.

However, the ability to renew implies a balance b

renewal and disappearance or consumption. The

which the resource can replenish is an essential

consideration. If the rate at which it is consumed

exceeds it, renewal and sustainability will not be

ensured.


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Renewable Resource (cont’d.)

The term renewable resource also describes sys

sustainable agriculture and water resources. Su

harvesting of renewable resources (i.e., maintain

positive renewal rate) can reduce air pollution, s

contamination, habitat destruction and land deg

Most renewable energies do not require water, t

reducing water consumption.


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Renewable energy is important because of the benefits it

The key benefits are:

Environmental Benefits

Renewable energy technologies are clean sou

energy that have a much lower environmental

than conventional energy technologies.

Energy for our children's children's children

Renewable energy will not run out. Ever. Othe

of energy are finite and will some day be deple

THE NEED FOR LTERN TIVE ENERGY

RESOURCES


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Renewable energy ……… key benefits:

Jobs and the Economy

Most renewable energy investments are spe

materials and workmanship to build and ma

the facilities, rather than on costly energy im

Energy Security

Decreased dependence on foreign oil and g

supplies.

THE NEED FOR LTERN TIVE ENERGY

RESOURCES


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CURRENT ENERGY DEMANDS AND RESOURCES

Source: www.commons.wikimedia.org


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FORECAST OF WORLD ENERGY

CONSUMPTION

Source: www.theenergycollective.com


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CURRENT ENERGY DEMANDS AND RESOURCES

our


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V IL BLE RENEW BLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Most renewable energy comes

either directly or indirectly fromthe sun.

Sunlight, or solar energy, can

be used directly for heating and

lighting homes and other

buildings, for generating

electricity, and for hot water

heating, solar cooling, and a

variety of commercial and

industrial uses.The Solar Bowl in Au

India,

Monocrystalline

solar cell

Solar Thermal Panels

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Klassieren.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Klassieren.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auroville_Solar_Bowl.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auroville_Solar_Bowl.JPG


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The sun's heat also drives the

winds, whose energy, iscaptured with wind turbines.

A wind farm located in Manj

Darrieus Wind Turbin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manjeel_windmills.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manjeel_windmills.jpg


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Then, the winds and thesun's heat cause water to

evaporate. When this water

vapor turns into rain or snow

and flows downhill into rivers

or streams, its energy can becaptured using hydroelectric

power.Grand Coulee Dam is a hydroelectric gravity d

the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg


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Along with the rain and snow,

sunlight causes plants to grow.The organic matter that makes

up those plants is known as

biomass.

Biomass can be used to

produce electricity,transportation fuels, or

chemicals. The use of biomass

for any of these purposes is

called bioenergy.A cogeneration plant in Metz, F

station uses waste wood b

energy source, and provides ele

heat for 30,000 dwellings


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Hydrogen also can be found in many

organic compounds, as well as water.

It's the most abundant element on the

Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a

gas.

It's always combined with other

elements, such as with oxygen to make

water. Once separated from anotherelement, hydrogen can be burned as a

fuel or converted into electricity.

An algae bioreactor for

production


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Not all renewable energy

resources come from the sun.

Geothermal energy taps the

Earth's internal heat for a

variety of uses, including

electric power production, and

the heating and cooling of

buildings.

Nesjavellir Geothermal Power S

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpg


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And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the

gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon th

In fact, ocean energy comes from a number of sou

In addition to tidal energy, there's the energy of

ocean s waves, which are driven by both the tide

the winds.

The sun also warms the surface of the ocean m

the ocean depths, creating a temperature differ

that can be used as an energy source.

All these forms of ocean ener can be used to ro


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REFERENCES

Textbook

Renewable Energy Technologies, Jean-Claude Sabonnadiere, 2009

Web

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/home

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resource

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_production

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/homehttp://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energyhttp://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/home

ME165-1_Week-1.1 Introduction_2015-16_3T_2240195

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