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I . Lillian Feder , Madness in Lifeerafirre: 3

3. Wollhein Richard, Freud: 37 - 38

4. Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustrn: 12.

5. Ibid: 13.

7. "What religious consciousness and religious conception are was subsequently

defined in various ways. The advance consisted in including the allegedly

dominant metaphysical, political, judicial, moral and other conceptions

under the category of religious or theological conceptions; and similarly in

dealing that political, judicial, moral consciousness was religious or theo-

logical consciousness, and that the political, judicial, moral man - "man" in

the last resort was religious. The dominance of religion was presupposed.

Gradually every dominant relationship was declared to be a religious rela-

tionship and transformed into a cult, a cult of law, a cult of state, etc."

Karl Mark, Fredrich Engels, The German Ideologv : 35.

8. "Inappropriate, pathological guilt, for example, was among the most commen

symptoms of mental disturbance prevalent in Western civilization so long as

the authority of state, church. and patriarchal family was assumed; the patho-

logical absence of guilt that one observes at present in America and much of

Europe surely reflects the disintegration of such athorities. Yet pathologi-

cal guilt persistq, manifesting itself in obsessions with sin, as do

grandoise identifications with Christ and other gods and heroes, tradi-

tional symbols strangely adapted current narcissisrn and alienation."

Lillian Feder, Madness in Literature : 4 1

9. Ibid : 5.

11. T'. Szaz, Ideolog~ and Insantry : 5 .

12. " Madmen are, above all, individual victims of social dictatorhship"

Quoted by Lillian Feder, Madness in Literature : 7 .

23. Ibid : 46 - 47.

24. Ibid : 55

25. Ibid : I35

26. Ibid : 134.

29. Ibid : 135.

31. ~ 2 ~ 1 c r ~ ~ & ~ m 0 3 0 3 6 , ~ 3 O m ) d ~ J S m o : 199.

32. J . E. Park, K. Park, A textbook of Preventive & Social medicine : 5 15 - 17.

33 . Ibid : 517.

34. Sigmund Frud, New lnrroducrory Leclurers on Psychoanalysis : 14-1 j.

35. Ibid : 19-20.

36. Michael Foucault, Mental Nlness and I'sychology : 64.

37. Ibid : 66.

38. Ibid : 69.

39 Ibid : 69.

40. Ibid : 70

41. Ibid: 70.

42. Ibid : 74-75,

43. Ibid : 75.

44. Michael Foucault, Madness and C:ivilization :xii - xiii.

45. dl. A. laaflirnd, mla&m8 nogcm~ : nrdmm~mmloaj d o l ~ m o : 24-25,

46. Hindu Marriage Act XXV - 1955 Sec. 10, 13.

47. The law of Torts Act 111; Indian Penal Code Act No. XIV of 1860 Sec. 84.

48. Viswamay Pati & Mark Harison. Health, Medicine & Empire : I'erspective

on Colonial lndia : 137 - 64.

49. Ibid : 137-64

so. Shridhar Sharma & R. K. Chadd, Mental Hospital:; in lndia - Current status

and Role in Mental Health Care : 2 .