ME 215 ENG. MATERIALS ICHAPTER 4PROPERTIES IN BENDING AND SHEARMachine and s!"c"!a# $a!s% a!e &'en s"()eced & shea! and (endin* s!esses &he! han ensi#e and c&+$!essi,e s!esses%. I is hi*h#- desi!a(#e & es s"ch $a!s "nde! he c&ndii&ns .hich si+"#ae he ac"a# se!,ice #&adin*. /"!he!+&!e% he $!e$a!ai&n and ade0"ae ensi&n esin* &' ensi&n s$eci+ens +i*h (e di''ic"#1 he!e'&!e% si+$#e! shea! and (endin* ess a!e &'en e+$#&-ed.H&.e,e!% saic (endin* and shea! $!&$e!ies &' +ae!ia#s a!e n& &' he sa+e "ni,e!sa# ine!es as he saic ensi&n and c&+$!essi&n $!&$e!ies. This +a- #a!*e#- (e d"e & he 'ac ha he $!&$e!ies in shea! and (endin* +i*h (e dee!+ined di!ec#-% &! a #eas%s&+e insi*h +a- (e *ained & hese $!&$e!ies '!&+ ensi#e daa 2e*. Ss-345.5S-6BENDING O/ MATERIALSMan- s!"c"!es and +achines ha,e +e+(e!s & !esis (endin* #&ads. 7hen a +e+(e! is s"()eced & (endin* #&ads% .e sa- ha i acs as a (ea+WHAT IS BENDINGIn (endin*% (&h ensi#e and c&+$!essi,e s!ess a!e ind"ced &,e! a c!&ss seci&n &' he (ea+. Bendin* ess a!e hen #ess se,e!e han ensi#e ess% (" +&!e se,e!e han c&+$!essi,e essin ac"a# 'ac% a (endin* es d&es n& $!&,ide e8!a in'&!+ai&n &n he +echanica# (eha,i&"! &' a +ae!ia# "n#ess (endin* $!&d"ces s$ecia# 'ai#"!e. Is ,a#"e #ies in as a di!ec +eans &' e,a#"ain* (eha,i&"! &' (ea+s "nde! #&ad% &! as si+$#e +eans & dee!+ine he s!en*h and d"ci#i-C&++&n +ae!ia#s "sed in (endin* ess a!e 9Cas :!&n 2CI6C&nc!ee7&&dS&+e $#asicsecT-$es &' Bendin* TESTSBendin* ess can (e ca!!ied &" in ; -$es916 (- a$$#-in* a c&ncen!aed #&ad a he s$an cen!e 2/i*. 4.1a6% .hich is ca##ed;ssa!s &n ensi&n side.I' n& c!ac>s &cc"! '&! a !ahe! #a!*e an*#es &' hen he 'din*es is "sed & '"!he! (end he s$eci+en. S"ch +ae!ia#s a!e !e*a!ded as !ahe! d"ci#e +ae!ia#sBend test(D)h*The!e a!e s&+e s$ecia# ess '&! di''e!en a$$#icai&ns #i>e 9@ N&ched (a! es@ 7e#d es@ H& (endin* es@ I"ench% &! a sc!ach.L&. n&ch sensii,i- is "s"a##- ass&ciaed .ih d"ci#e +ae!ia#s% and hi*h n&ch sensii,i- is "s"a##- ass&ciaed .ih (!i#e +ae!ia#s.2.Weld Test'is si+i#ia! & ;< $&in (endin* es and "sed es$ecia##- & dee!+ine he d"ci#i- &' he .e#d seci&n &' s$eci+ens ,ia he (end an*#e hea. S$eci+en is (en "$ & 45 de*!ees in a ;s &cc"! &n he ensi#e s"!'ace. The 'ina# an*#e &' (endin* is a !e$!esenai&n &' he d"ci#i- &' he .e#d seci&n.D"ci#i- in cd (end es &' .e#din* s&+ei+es 2and "s"a##-6 is dee!+ined (-THE FIBER-STRAIN +eas"!e+en &n he ensi&n side &' he +ae!ia#.O!i*ina# #en*h L& and 'ina# #en*h L'% &n he ensi&n side% a!e "sed & ca#c"#ae he d"ci#i-R3155J 2L'