1

Aim

The aim of this presentation is to acquaint the participants of MCMC about the administrative peculiarities of Balochistan with emphasis on law and order and governance

Sequence of Presentation

Part I: Introduction Part II: Visual Part III: History Part IV: Statistics Part V: Law and Order Part VI: Local Governments

Part I: Introduction

Balochistan: A Profile

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5

5

Afghanistan 1196 KMs

IRAN 906 KMs

Costal line 1129 KMs

Sindh

Punjab

Zhob

MusakhelQila Saifullah

Loralai

Kohlu

Dera Bugti

Sibi

Bolan

Nasirabad

Jaffa

raba

dJhal Magsi

Khuzdar

Kalat

Mastung

Quetta•Ziarat

Barkhan

Pishin

Qila

Abd

ulah

Chagai

Kharan

Panjgur

Awaran

LasbelaGwadar

Kech

Washuk

Nushki

SheeraniKPK

N

Source: P&D

Ethnic Break-Up:

Source : BoS, GoB

Baloch / Brahvi: 44,10,877 51 %

Pashtoon: 26,31,598 31.58 %

Afghan Refugee: 07,00,000 08 %

Sindhi: 04,80,313 06 %

Saraiki: 02,17,581 02.5 %

Hazara: 01,65,000 0.02 %

Punjabi: 53,543 0.61 %

Urdu Speaking: 25,204 0.29 %

TOTAL: 86,84,116 100%

Administrative Peculiarities

Acrimonious History Insurgency Thinly dipersed population Sardari System Tribal disputes Coalition politics Levies Administration

Part II: Visuals

Gwadar – Port:

Loralai:

Gwadar:

Ziarat:

Hanna Lake:

Mary Jane Tunnel- Bolan

Quetta:

Part III: Baloch through History

History of Baloch

Arab descent Syria Mir Chakar Rind Khanate of Kalat

Decline and Partition

First Anglo-Afghan War 1839 Second Anglo-Afghan War Sandeman Era Land Swaps

Sandeman System

Benign to coercive taxation Inefficient to efficient Democratic to despotic Voluntary to mandatory Levies Partitioning of land

Question of Accession

Communique of 11 August 1947 Independent Sovereign State Parliament at Dhaddar Standstill agreement Change of heart on both sides Renegotiation Accession on 27th March 1948

Balochistan States Union

Kalat, Makran, Lasbela, Kharan June 1948-October 1955 Ruler: Khan of Kalat Merged into one Unit

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Part IV: Statistics

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The Challenge- Balochistan Accounts

for 45% of Pakistan’s land area 70% of Pakistan’s coastline Nearly one-third of Pakistan’s natural gas 100% of Pakistan’s copper and gold deposits, significant deposits of coal, iron core, marble, granite, and other minerals Ideally located for trade with Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asian Republics

but still remains the nation’s poorest Province Why?

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The reasons are a combination of Physical and Human factors

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Balochistan-A Comparison

Provinces Education (Literacy rate over 10)

Maternal Mortality Ratio/100,000 births

Population below Poverty line

HDI

Punjab 60 227 26 0.603

KPK 50 271 29 0.544

Sind 59 314 31 0.507

Balochistan

41 785 48 0.391

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Impact of 7th NFCShare of Balochistan in

FDP

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Impact

54.855 83.121 93.255 70%(+ 38.400 B)

Rs in Billion

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Factors impeding Balochistan’s Development

PHYSICAL FACTORS› Remoteness

HUMAN FACTORS› Political situation› Human resources

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Physical FactorsThe basic development predicament for Balochistan is:

45% of the land area of Pakistan, but only 5% of the population

Much of the land is arid, calling for special strategies of water use

3030

Population Thinly Dispersed and Poorly

Connected In 2010, Balochistan's population density at 19 persons per square kilometer was only 5, 8, and 9 percent respectively of that of the Punjab, Sindh, and the KP Province

Remoteness was made worse by poor transport infrastructure. [In Balochistan, 28% of rural communities lack motorable access (all Pakistan 15%), and 73% lack paved access (all Pakistan 32%)]

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Human Factors: 1. Political Unrest

Balochistan has been the scene of political unrest since independence of Pakistan.

The province has witnessed political violence for decades

Current insurgency (5th) finds its basis in political disempowerment and issues circulating around owner ship of natural resources and their returns 31

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Low Representation at the Centre

Democratic Deficit at the National Level Out of 342 seats of the National

Assembly, only 17 (4.9%) (General: 14, Women: 3) are allocated to Balochistan

Balochistan does not enjoy fair representation in federal services and armed forces, specially senior bureaucracy at the Centre

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Underdeveloped Human Resources

Sixty- three percent of the population aged 15 and above years has never attended school (women 85 percent)

95% of the total area is under control of Levies that requires massive restructuring and training

Reluctance of the officers from APUG/DMG in Balochistan has also aggravated the situation

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The Physical & Human Factors Drag Down Growth of

Balochistan’s Income GDP growth in Balochistan has been slower than in the other provinces

Between 1972/73 and 2004/05, Balochistan‘s GDP is estimated to have grown at an average rate of 4.1 percent a year in real terms. This rate was 0.7 percent lower than that of the KP Province and Sindh‘s, and 1 percent lower than that of the Punjab.

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Factors impact heavily on Socio-Economic

Indicators Balochistan stands out as the province with the

weakest social indicators. In 2010/11 it scored lowest in 12 out of 13 key indicators for education, literacy, health, water, and sanitation

According to a recent report of Pakistan’s Senate Functional Committee on Problems of Less Developed Areas, Dera Bugti, its neighbourhood Kohlu and Pakistan’s nuclear test zone Chagai are among the five most ignored districts of the country during 2011-12 35

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Indicators Thus Balochistan has eight in the list of the

first ten most underprivileged districts. Dera Bugti (Status-wise: 113th position), Kohlu (111) and Chagai (110) with Balochistan being the most deprived province.

In terms of Literacy, among districts in Pakistan, Dera Bugti & Barkhan are the lowest ranked districts with (6.0%) literacy rate. This is much lower than the lowest ranking districts in other provinces i.e. Rajan Pur (Punjab) 34%, Thatta (Sind) 36%, and Kohistan (KPK) 26%.

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Indicators With regards to Food Insecurity, among

districts in Pakistan, Dera Bugti in Balochistan has the highest percentage of food insecure people (82.4%). The 20 districts of Pakistan with worst conditions for food security include 10 districts from Balochistan.

In terms of provincial comparison, Balochistan has the highest (61.2%) food insecure population. The number of districts from Balochistan in this category has doubled since 2003.

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Administrative Efficiency-Scarce Human

Capital In Balochistan, the public sector has

continuously faced acute shortage of experienced, well trained, highly educated and professional work force to carry out its activities efficiently and effectively.

Limited Human Capital in Balochistan could not tap the natural wealth to its optimum level and maximize socio-economic returns that led to shaky administration and inefficient economic development 38

Part V: Law and Order

Where we were a year ago

Balochistan-under siege Quetta- caught in vicious circle of sectarian

killings, target killings, terrorism Hazara community-forced to do sit-in

protests for expressing their grief Highways-unsafe to travel even at day time Kidnapping for ransom-profession instead

of a crime National media-mocking the government

for its failures and absence of governance

Where we are today

Normalcy has returned to major urban centers

Only few areas in the South and East remain troubled

Quetta residents have resumed their everyday activities

Commercial centers open till late Sports, Official and Social activities have

picked up Appreciation by the citizens and the media

SPORTS FESTIVAL

SPORTS FESTIVAL

MEDIA DAY

All PAKISTAN MUSHAIRA

Terrorism, Targeted Killing & Sabotage (A & B

Area)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

853

1009

728825

717857

196

353 330393 362

415

356

127178

268 274323

125149

69

Terrorism Targeted Killing Sabotage

Targeted Killing Incidents Analysis

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

12

2616 20

64

21

3

58

110

103

43 49

34

6

147

131

107 108

131

91

52

Sectarian Against Settlers Against Law Enforcement

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

10239 10449

8008 8094 82318717

2200

OVERALL CRIME 2008 TO March-2014

2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

60

84

102

49

5

60

83

102

45

50 1 0

40

Kidnapped

Recovered

Not Yet Recovered

Kidnapping For Ransom (‘A’ Area)

Highway Dacoity & Robbery

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

5550

38

19

10 10

53

Dacoity & Robbery

Vehicle Crime (Snatching)

2008- March 2014

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

8362

42 52

9369

9

342

424

277300

371 373

80

145

189

8064

7562

9

Car Snatching Motorcycle Snatching Other Vehicle Snatching

Vehicle Crime (Theft) 2008- March-2014

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

159

134117

87108

63

15

213

249

201185

257257

52

113

159

109

74 87

4010

Car Theft Motorcycle Theft Other Vehicle Theft

Emerging Trends and Lesson Learnt

Indicators show decrease in heinous crime

Quetta is back in control and strict security checks have been relaxed

With terrorism and sectarian violence subsiding, Insurgency is now main threat

Basic policing needs to be strengthened

Intelligence led operations pay peace dividends

Recipe for improved Law and

Order

What have we done differently

Capacity building of LEA through Army and FC Intelligence fusion Rethink security paradigm from top to bottom-

A, B area distinction erased practically Reversion to basic policing-beat system

restored, intelligence gathering, watch and ward

Political government posted on merit best police and administration officers

FC given policing powers

What have we done differently

Kidnapping for Ransom-Special unit formed in Quetta Police under DIG Investigation, modern surveillance equipment including locators, major gangs busted, cold cases re-investigated and solved

Sectarian Violence-Target hardening exercises, continuous dialogue even after Moharram, Zaireen security enhanced

What have we done differently

Terrorism-Intelligence led operations, major networks disrupted, huge cache’s of explosives recovered and destroyed

Protection of Highways- Dedicated teams of Levies deployed, vulnerable stretches under FC patrolling, Tribal guards deployed at Key locations

New Initiative in Law Enforcement

Army Officers led for CID School Police Anti-Terrorism School established Re-training of police by Army Joint Operations with FC Re-organization of Police, Balochistan

Constabulary on functional lines Highway Patrolling Force being raised 15 Rescue/ Quick Response established

New Initiative in Law Enforcement

Modern Training on pattern of Pakistan Army and FC

Strengthening of investigation through Judicial Trainings

Expertise in Crime Scene Management with assistance of Punjab Forensic Science Laboratory (PFSL)

Purchase of modern weapons and equipment

Establishment of Mobile check posts

Other Initiatives

Conversion of B areas in to A area Mand, Buleda, Turbat, Panjgoor

Creation of Rapid Response Force of Levies

Police recruitments on merit Procurement of security equipment and

helicopter in progress

Part VI: Local Government

Constitutional RequirementArticle 32 The state shall encourage Local

Government institutions composed of elected representatives of the areas concerned and in such institutions special representation will be given to peasants, workers and women.

Article 140-A(1) Each province shall, by law, established a

Local Government system and devolved political, administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the elected representative of the local governments.

(2) Elections to the local governments shall be held by the Election Commission of Pakistan.

Constitutional Requirement

Article 226All elections under the Constitution, other than those of the Prime Minister and the Chief Minister, shall be by secret ballot

Constitutional Requirement

Rural Councils

Urban Councils

Types of Local Councils

1. District Council for each district

2. Union Council for a rural

population from

7000-15000

Rural Councils

i) Municipal Committee ( for an urban area having a population exceeding 15 thousand but not 1 lac)

ii) Municipal Corporation (for an urban area having a population exceeding 1 lac but not 5 lac)iii) Metropolitan Corporation (for an urban area having a population exceeding 5 lac)

Urban Councils

General Members = Notified Women members = 33% Non Muslims = 5% Peasants = 5% Workers = 5% Professional = 5% Social Workers = 5%

Composition of Local Councils

District Councils 32 Metropolitan Corporation 01 Municipal Corporation 04 Municipal Committee 53 Union Council 635

Total

725

Number of Local Councils

Women 2332 Non-Muslims 743 Peasants/Worker 743 Professionals/Social Workers 743 Total 4561

Reserved Seats

Balochistan Local Government Amendment Act 2014

Two new categories in Special Interest Group i.e. Professional and Social Worker

Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Business Experts, Agriculture experts, Technicians etc.

Clubbing of Peasants and Workers Peasant and Workers share reduced from

20% to 10%

Amendments

C.P. no. 86 of 2014 filed in Balochistan High Court

Two hearings on 19th-20th May 2014 Decision on 23rd May 2014 Court declared Balochistan Local

Government Amendment Act 2014 repugnant to the Constitution and void ab initio

Constitutional Petition

Social Workers and Professional are not marginalized sections of society

Social Workers and Professionals have not been given special treatment in the constitution

Taking away reserved seats from peasant and workers is discriminatory

Show of hands is Ultra vires of Article 226 of Constitution

Electoral process subverted as amendments made during the process

Basis of Decision of High Court

Election to the reserve/ indirect seats (only for women & Non-Muslims) have been held on 29th May 2014

Election to the Peasants/Workers and Professionals/ Social Workers could not be held due to judgment of the Balochistan High Court

Three petitions filed against judgment in SCP

Case is now sub-judice in the SCP

Effect of Judgment

8 months have passed since the election to general seats

Restlessness amongst the elected representatives

General population also awaiting resolution SCP was in recess during August Cannot speculate the outcome and

timeline Leader of the house cannot be elected

without completion of the house

Present Scenario

Option I- Wait for the case to be decided in the SCP

Option II- Accept the decision of the Balochistan High Court and withdraw CPLA from SCP which has to be justified in the court(Other parties need to be convinced to do the same)

2 Options

Thank You78