McKay's

Building Construction

W.B. McKay

With an introduction by Henry Russell

DONHEAD

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TH REE VOLU M ES I N ON E

BY

W. B. M~KA Y, M.Sc.Tech., M.I.Struct.E. LECTURER IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER

AND HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

IN THE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANCHESTER

WITH DRAWINGS BY THE AUTHOR

LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO

VOLUM E ONE

CONTENTS

I. BRICKWORK

Materials- Bonding---Stopped Ends-Junctions and Quoins-Piers-Jambs-Foundations-Damp Proof COUrlIelI -Sile Concrete--Offsets and Corbels-Lintels-Arches-Window Sills- Thresholds- Copings- Plinths- Tools, Construction, Jointing and Pointing.

11. MASONRY

ClslISification of Stones-Quarrying-Prcparation- Defects-WallinJl:-Rubble Work-Ashlnr-Arches-Window Sills-Plinths-Cornices-String Courses-----copings-I\Iosonr~· Joints-Mortar Jointing-Lifting Applian~s.

PAGE

33

Ill. CARPENTRY 55

Structure, Growth, Felling, Seasoning, Preservation, Conversion, Defects and Classification of Timber-Floors­Single, Double and Framed Roofs-Trench Timbering-Ccntcring.

IV. JOINERY 86

udgtd Braced and Battened, Framed Ledged Braced and Battened, Panl:lIed and Flush Doors-Casement, Cased Frame, Pivoted and Yorkshire Windows - Hardware -Ar<;hitraves, Skirtings, Pictu~ Rails and Angle Beads-Nails, Screws and Fasteners-Tool,.

V. SLATING 132

Formation, Quarl1'ing, Convel'1liun, Preparation and Charactl'risties of Srates -Cl'nlTC'-nailed and Head'nail~d Slating Details-Nails-Ridges-Hips- Vallcys-Tools-Plain Tiling.

VI. PLUMBING 14-2

Manufacture and Characteristics of Lead-Lead Rolls, Drips, Flashings and Soakers-D~tails of Lcadwork at Gutters, Flats, Chimney Stack!, Ridges. Hips and Valleys-Lead Pipe Joints-Eaves Gutters-Down-pipes- Tools.

VII. MILD STEEL SECTIONS, BOLTS AND RIVETS 158

HOMEWORK PROGRAMME 160

CHAPTP.R

VOLUME TWO

CONTENTS

,. BRICKWORK

Material., includin~ Bri<;h, Lime, Cement, Mortars and Concrete- -Squint Junctions-~quint Quoins-Rebated and Splayed Jamrn.-Pien;-Cavity Walls-Circular Work-Raking Bonds-Reinforced Brickwork-Special Bonds - Arch.,s-Darnp PtoOlin~ of Bas .. mcnts-Opcn Areas-Stepped Foundation.-Concl1ole Floor Construction­Dcooralcd nrickwork--Firerlac.,s, Flues, Chimney IheRst. amI Stacks-Settin,IC Out.

H. DRAINAGE

Sewage Disposal-Drain Pipes and Traps-Setting Out and F.l<cavation of Drain Trench~--Construclion of Drn;ns - Drainac:e Schemt."!;-imerceptinli: 3nd Inspection Chamhers-Ventilation-T .. stinJ(.

PAGE

7'

Ill. MASONRY 85

Fonnalion and Classific~tion of Ston.,..-GranilC8-S:lndston~'S-Limestoncs-Marbles-Slates-Defcctli-Tests­

Quarryin~ and Minin)(-!\lacnil1~ Dro>liosing-Dressin~ TO Door ami Window OpeninWl-Cnmices-SI~rS

and STairs.

IV. MILD STEEL ROOf TRUSSES

Boh$ and Rivets-Details nf R{)(}f Truss(""s suitable for 20.ft., 30·ft., 30 to 4o.ft. and 4o·fl. Spans.

HOMEWORK PROGRO\MME "9

-

CHAPTER

VO L UME TH REE

CONTENTS

1. CARPENTRY

Classifica\"m, Slruc!UI"{" CUmeflllOn, ~a~uTli,,!(, l"cM::nalivIl, l)cfc~t:., Ch .. r.lcl ec;5IiL.', U~U. l''''I',,,-al;'''' ."d !'>oun::u of Timbers- Wooclworkinl,! Machin(,ry- Doubled. Frnmed "nd Fir".n-siuing Floors, [kll"rminutioll of SilCI "f Joists and !lo.'ams. and Floor Fmish«-Sloothc:d, Tru!oS~d ,mu Sl~b I'artilio,,~-Sound­pruofinJ:-Doubk. i...Imimll ... d ~nd Queen Pu.;;t Roofs-Deep Tn::"ch TimLx·rinH-C",nltrmg.

11 . J OINERY

Tnlll.50mcd, :;Cmi~ir<;ulu Hca<.kd, lih.zed and Flush DooI'l - SemidrcuhlT J-\('adcu ami Thr"e LiJo:ht Cased Windows and ;".1,,1 .. 1 Windows- Dclllds of SlllIillht Flight, Oog.lell and Open Stain;, Wmdcr. aml Special SI{'I'.-~lanufaclurc. t:har.u::lcrutiC>l and U"''S of 1>I),woo<.I, Laminoo..rds. B1ockboanls, Dau"nboarJ" ;md Compo$ile Boards.

I' ACI'.

,

Ill. ROOF COVERINGS 10,,"

.\1anufacturc ali<.I Ch..I.mcteri.t;cs or CI.y, Shale and AI~sto5-CCmCIlt TIles and Shcets-lkt:li6 "I' 1'1HIn , Pan, I talian and Spanish Tilin!:, AsbestOl ·Cell1<'nt Sheeting, Stone Slaun!l, Shinglmg, and CO£'l"'r and Zinc RoofinS-Thatching.

HOMEWORK PROGRAMME 135

SYLLABUS IN BUILDI NG CONSTRUCTION, STAGE TWO

INDEX

A

Abrasive paper, iii, 30 Absorption, ii, 1-+ Abutmenu, i, 22; LII, 116, no, u6,

'" Accelerator, iii, 110 Acera mahogany, ili, S. :11, 2S. 70, 100 Accrington bricks, H. 17 Acoustic floor clips, iii, 38 Activated sludltl' ~)'Slem, H, 7' Adhesives, i, 86, 8,; iii, 101- 103

animal !!lue, i, 86, 8,; iii, 101, 101

blood albumen glue, iii, 101 cnein glue, ii i , 101, IO~ oil seed residue glue, iil, 101 resin cemenlS, i, 8,; iii, 101-10] Scotch glue, i, 86, 8,; Hi, 101, 102

soya bean glue, iii, 101 "cge'ablc glue, i, 89, 87; iii, 101

Aerated. cement, iii, 47 African ebony, iii, 10, 25

mahogany, i, 60; iii, S. 21, 25. 70,100 olh'c, Lii, 2J, 15 uak. i, 60; iii, :ZI, 15.]8 walnut, iii, 24. 15

AggrcKall'S, i, 1, J; Li, 17.25. <16, 28-J6, 58, 60,8,

ashcs, ii, 26 blast-furnlce IbR. ii, 15. 19 breeze, ii, ", n, 17,29 brokrn brick, i,:I: il,:l8

Itone, i, 2; ii, 28 burnt ballast, ii, :19 clinke r, ii, 11, 26, 29 crushed 1I0ne, ii, 26 expanded ,laiC, ii, :19 foamed I IBII', ii, 29 grading, ii, :IS, 29 Rravel, ii, 29, 87 pumice, ii, 29 sand, i, 2, ):1, 45: ii, 25- )6, 58, 87 whinstone chippin!!., H, 60

Air brick., i, 61; ii, 17: iii, IS Alabaster, ii, 97 Albumunl, i, S5 Alder, iii, 70 Aluminou5 cement, ii, 2S, 28

GENERAL American alh, iii, '9,35,70

beech, iii, 19, 25, J8, 56, 70, 98 birch, iii, 20, :IS, J6 black walnut, iii, :14, 25 chestnut, iii, 20, 25 iimr, iii, '9,:15 ",d oak, i, 60; iii, :1:1, 25, J8 whitr oak, i, 60: iii, n, 25, 38 whitewood, iii, :14, :IS

Ammonium phosphau, iii, I. Ancaster stone, ii, 87, 93-')4, 96 Andaman padauk, Hi,S, :13, :15 Anll'ic beads, i, Ill, 1:15

cleats, ii, IU-"'5, 127, ... 8; iii, J6, 37 drafts, i, 38 ties, i, 74 tiles, iii, I1I

Angles, steel, i, :11, Ill, 158; ii, ll1- n8; iii, 12:1-124

Angular hips, iii, 101} valleys, iii, 110

Animal glue, i, 86, 87; iii, 10., 10:1 Annual or gro,"~h rinlf!', i, 55, 57-60; iii, I,

4, 5, '7-:14, n6 Anobium punctafum, iii, 16 Anston $Ionr, ii, 87, 9:1---<}4, 96 Antique glass, iii, 66 Apex ltonts, i, 5 ' ; iii, ... 6 Apitong, iii, 21, :15, J8 Appayia, iii, '9, :15, 98 Applrton stone, ii, 87, <)0, 9J, 96 Appley Bridge Blue stonr, ii, 87, 90, 93, 96 Aprons, Jrad, i, '43; iii, IU

stair, iii, 78, 80, 88 Arches, i, 21-:16, 39, 47, 68, 83-85, 99, 109,

uo;ii, 51-5J,62-t14, 105, '07, 110, II J axed brick, i, 26 bonded, ii, 51 circular, ii, 51 classification, i, :13 construction, i, 24, 83-85; H, SI drop, ii, sz elliplical, ii, 52 equilateral, ii, 52 flat, i, :14, 47, 99, 109, 120; ii, 64, 107, IIJ Florenline, ii , 52, 53 gauged, i, 24-26 jack, i, 26

INDEX Arch«---eontd.

lancet, ii, 5:1 pointed, ii, 5<1 pu~-made brick, i, :14-<16 rere, 11, 5 I, 53 rough relie,-ing, i, <15, <16 segmental, i, 26, 47: ii, 52,107,110,113 semicircular, i, 26, -47; ii, S', 6J, 64,105

stilted, ii, 51 with orders, ii, 51

Kmi-el1iplical, ii, 51, 5<1 semi-hexagonal, ii, 6. "soldier", i, :U, 93, 109 Slone, i, 39, 46-48: ii, 105-113 terms, i, :1:1 tiled, ii, 64 nimmer, i, 26, 68 Tudor, ii, 52, 53 Venetian, ii, 52, 53

Archill1lvet, i, In; i i, 107-I IJ; ii;, 63. 66, 68, 70, 93

Argillaceous aandstones, ii, 89 Arris, i, :I, 3

K«ne's ~ment, i, Ill, 1:15 Arrowl, ii, 68 Artificial seasoning, i, 56; iii, 1)-1:1, J8, 100 Asbest~, iii, 1:1'

cement, iii, 47, 48, 5 I , 53, 54, 10J, 120-124 ctal1leterislics, iii, 1:11, 1:14 details, roofinl{, iii, 1:lI-n4 msnufacture, iii, 121 plrtition., iii, 47, 48 rain-water good.!, i, 156 .heels, Hi, 48, S', 5J, 54, 10J, 1<12-1:14 .lales, iii, 121-1:13 lilinl(, iii, U,"" .33 "1'umall" 'I'rafford tile!!, iii, 1:1<1, 1:13

Ash, iii, 2, '7, 19, :lJ, 25, 38, 40, 70 American, iii, 19, 25, 70 Enjllish, iii, 19, 25, 70 Japanese, iii, 19, <15 mountain, iii, 23, <IS, 38

Aahburton marble, ii, 87, 92, 93, Q6 Ash closets, ii, 7' Ashes, ii, a6 Ashlar, i, 39, 45-53; ii, 105-116 Ashlaring, iii, 5:1 Asphalt, i, 17, 68, 69, '52: ii, 54-56

Asphalt, asbellOS felt, i, 68-71; iii, n. Aslt'mbling plywood boards, iii, 100 Atl .. cement, ii, 25 Attlched piers, i, 12, 13, 19,78 Auger, i, n9; ii, 3, 13; iii, :19, '04 Augite, ii, 85 AU1l11l1i.n blackwood, iii, s, :10, 35

walnut, iii, 24, 25, 102 AUlItrian oak, i, 60; iii, n, 25 Autoclave, ii, 17 AUlomatic cutter grinder, iii, JI

feeding table, iii, :18, <19 saw-sharpening machine, ili, 30, 31

Avodir~, iii, 19,25,98 Axe, i, IJO, 134 Axed bricks. i, 23-:16 Axed-brick archu, i, :16

B

Backliningt,i, IIJ, 114 Badger, ii, 76 Bag_Will, ii, 6 B.lanci~ atep', Hi, 78, 80, 8:1 Ball leSt, ii, 78 Balaa, il;, ' 9, :IS Baldm fir, iH, I

Baltic redwood. i, 60-62, 70, 78, 108, 116; iii, 1,:1,5,18, 2!i, 36, 38, 106, 110, III

whitewood, i, 60, 62: iii, I, t9, 25, 38 BaluSlen, ii, "7-nO; iil, 30, 78, 88-<)1.

93-95,97 natustraclel, ii, liS-no; iH, 78, 80, 81, 88-

97, 102 bronze, ii, 119,210 open, iii, 78, 80, 8., 88-Q1, 93-97 solid, Hi, 78, 8o, 81, 90, 92, 93, 95, loa wrought iron, ii, 115- 118

Band re-!IIwinll machine, iii, 6 saw, iii, 6, 26, 28, 31 aawing machine, iii, :17, <18, 97, 100

Band. and gudgeon hooks, i, 92 BanniSlen_ See" BaluJlers " Banker muon, i, 34, 3S Banksimn pine, iii, 18, 25 Barefaced tenons, i, 92; iii, 88, QO Bark, i, SS; iii, 2, 40, 41, 98 Barking lathe, iii, 98

Barrow-lift, ii, 35 Ban, 5t.,.,I, i, 21, 62, 68,158; ii, 121, n8;

iii, 36, 43, 45, 47, 48, 52, 84 BaKb.,d, i, 33 B.",m.,nts, ii, 55-58 Basilican li]in!!", iii, 116-11 8 Basis pri~, coppc'r, iii, 130 Bask.,tw.,,,·., bond, ii, 62, 64

pattern, iii, 38 Basswood, iii, 19, 25 But, iii, 2 Ilastud tuck pointing, i, 32 Hatc~ box,_.ii, 34, 61

ffiIX.,rs, n, 34, 35 Bath stone, i, 33, 38; ii, 44, 87,92-96,101 Baths, ii, 84 Bats, i, 4, 10, n, 13,29; iii, 104 Ban.,nboards, iii, 103 BaH.,ns, i, 57, 70, 87-93, 136, 138-141;

iii, 5, 6, 54, 106-123, 125-129 Baulk", i, 56; iii, 5, 6, 8, 24 Bau",it." ii, 16, 25

bricks, ii, 16 Baywood, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70, 98 Bcad and rcal ornam.,nt, ii, 10'7 Bcad.,d drip., iii, 133 B.,aded joint, i, 32 Budin!!" h.,ad, iii, 28

rod, iii, 133 Beads, J(luing, i, 110

inner, i, 1I3-116, 119-122 out., r, i, 119-12.1 parting, i, "3-117; iii, 70, 72~5

BUmfilling, i, 76 Bum saw machin." ii, 102 Bums, sterl, i, 59, 158; Hi, 31-37, 52, 53

filler, iii, 36, 37 flitched, iii, 31 sizes, iii, 3 1, 32, 34-)6 .trsining, iii, 43, 54-56

Bcarers, floor, iii, 38, 39 Runer, i, 72, 8 1, 146 roof, iii, 52, 53, 130 stai r, lii, 78, 80, 85-89, 93, 94, 96

DearinK plat.,., ii, 122, 124, 128 Bed, brick, i, 3

joints, i, 4, 23, 24, 29, 3 I , 39, 40, 04-5 moulds, i, 76, 11 I

nalural, i, 38, 39; ii, 88, 97 Ihatch, iii, '33, 134

Bedding, i, 18,21 ,49,6 1,87, loB, Ill, 137 Beech, iii, 1-5, 19,25,38,56,70,98 B«r Slone, ii, 87, 92-94, 96, 101 Belgian Fossil marble, ii, 97

marbles, ii, 97 tooftruss, ii, 127, 128

Belt sandu, iii, 30 Benching, ii, 59, 80 Bending lud pipe., i, '46, 148

moment, iii , 32, 34

IkndinJ( stick, i, 148, 157 wood, iii, 63, 72, 97

Bends, drain, ii , 72, 74

GENERAL

Benin mahogany, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70,100 walnut, iii, 24, 25

Ikrri51all stone, ii, 87, 89, 90, 93, Q6 Bcthel prcsuving process, iii, 12., 13 Be"el, i, 29, 126

cutting, iii, 28 housed joint, iii, 56

Bc,-dl.,d bau, i, 4, 13 closers, i, 4 haunched joint, i, 66, 74 housed joint, i, 66 rebated joint, i, 116 ","wo, iii, 26, 27

Bc\'elling, iii, 28, 30. 49, 58, 70 Bcvds, saw, ii;, 26, 30 Bifurcated stain, Hi, 79, 81 Binders, iii, 31-36, 45

sizes, iii, 32, 34, 35 Biotite, ii, 86 Birch, i, 60; iii, 1,4,5, 19,20,25,36,38,

40, 70, 98, 102 American, iii, 20, 25, 36 black, iii, 20, 25, 36 Canadian y .. llow, iii, 20, 25. 36 curly iii, 20, 25, 36 European, i, 60; iii, 19, 25, <)lI Quebec, iii, lilO, 25, 36 )'t'lIow, iH, 20, 25, 36

Bird's-.,ye figure, iii, 5, 12 mapl .. , iii, 5, 22, 2$, 38, 40, 101

dirdsmoulh brick., ii, 18 joint, i, 7z--'74: iii, 52, 83, 88

Biscuit burning, ii, 16 Bitumen, i, 17, 18: H, 52, 76 Black bean, iii, 5, '9, 25, 70, 100

birch, iii, 20, 25, 36 cor .. , ii, .~.3 guarea, Ill, 20, 25 marble, ii, 96 mortar, I, 47: ii, 27, 61, 62. 98 Sea walnut, iii, 24, 25 walnut, American, iii, 24, z5

Blade, ii, 6 Bladon stone, ii, 87, 92, 93 Blut-fumac .. c .. ment, ii, 25. 28

slaJ(, ii, liS, 29 Blende, iii, 132 Blending, clay, ii, 2 Blist .. r figure, iil, 5, 18, :1-23

maple, iii, 5, 22, 25, 38, -+0, 101 Blisters, saw, iii, 27 Bloating, ii, I) Blackboards, iii, 70, 103 Block-in-course masonry, i, 43 BlockinF eourse, i, 51 Blocks, built-up, Hi, 96, 97

stair, iii, 78, 83, 87

IN D EX Blood albumen IIlue, iii, 101 Blow lamp, i, 143, '53, 157; iii, ! ,S Blue Staffordshire bricks, i, 18; 11, 17

damp proof course, i, ,8 vilriol, iii, 12, 13, ,6

Blythe's presef\'ing process, iii, 13 Boarding, roof, i, 136, 138; iii, 100-110,

114,115.117- 11 9,126,130-132 Boards, floor, i, 57, 59, 61-ti5; iii, $, 6, 10,

29, 31- 41 \-alley, iii, 110, 116

Boastu, i, 36 Bobbins, i, 148, 157 Bodying, ii, 16 Bolection mouldingll, i, 95, 98, 99, 102;

iii, 64, 69 Boles, iii, 5, 6, 98 BolSler, i, 29 Bolton "'ooels -,one, ii, 87, 90, 93 Bolts, barrel, i, 88, <)0, 91,122

briek, ii, 7 flush, i, 91,100 handrail screw, iii, 66, 72 Lewis, ii, 122- 128 wroughl ircn or steel, i, 20, 73, 78, 81.

158,159: iii, 36, 52, 56 Bombay black wood, iii, 23, 25 Bond, definilion, I, 3

basket ..... ea\·e. ii, 62, 64 brick-on-edlJe, li, ~?, 50

rat-trap, 11, 50; 111, I11 Sih'erlock's, ii, So

cavity wall, ii, 17, 38, 40-46,115,116; iii, 33, 34, 45, 49, 9<4, 95, 106, 107, Ill, 11 3,1 15- 11 7,119,128

chimney, ii, 64-67 circular work, li, 44, 70 diaper work, ii, 64 dog's looth, i, 39 Dutch, 11, 49 Engli!h,;, I, 5--7, 9--'4

cross, ii, 49 {acinJ(, ii, So, S I gard .. n Will, ii, 40, 49

Flemi~h, doubl .. , i, 7-9, 11- 14 J<3rd~n wall, H, 40, 49, 115 single, I, 8, 10

headinJ(, i. " H, +4 hoop iron, It, 46 junctions, right-angled, i, 9, 10

squint, ii, 36, 37 longiludinal, ii, 48 monk, ii, 49 pi., .. , i, 12, 13, 19,43,78; ii, 39, 40, 64;

iii, 34, 54 quoins, ril/hl_angled, i, .0-12

squint, li, 36, 38, 39 decorated. ii, 62

raking, ii, 48, 49, 62 diagonal, ii, 48. 62

Bond --=ntd, raking-contd,

herring-bone, ii, 48, 6:01 rebated jambl, i, 13, 14

splayed, ii, 39 stepp<:d, ii. 39

slating, i, 135, 136 special. H, 49- 5 I square jambs, i, 7, 13 slopped ends, i, 4, 6----8, 10 stretching. I, 6, 7; ii, 40 Sussex, ii, 49, 50

Bond.,d arch, ii, 5 I Bondcrs, i, 39 BondinJ(" brick, S~" Bond "

srone,l, 39- 53; ",105-115 ashlar, i, 39, 45-53; ii, 105-115 flint, i, 43, .... Lake DlllnCl masonry, i, 18,44. 4S polygonal. i, 43, +1-random rubble, uncouT$ed, i, 39, 40

built-to-courses, i, 40, 41 squared rubbl." uncours.,d, i, 41, 4:1;

ii, 106, 107 built-la-courses, i, 42, 43 reJ(ular coursed, i, 42, 43

Bonding 5trips, iii, 43 Boning rods, il, 67, 68, 75, 76, 78 Bonnel hip 111 .. 1, iii, 108, 109 Booms, iil, 52 Bordered pits, iii, 2 Boring macnine, iii, 29 Bossing, i, 143

mallcl and bossinjl; stick, i, 146, IS6 Botanical classification, timber, iii, I Bottomer, iii, 127 Boucherie preserving process, iii, 13 Bowing, i, 58; iH, 8 . Bow saw, i, 127, 131 Box, iii, 2

mould, ii, 4 Brac., and bill. i, 129, 131 Braces, i, 85, 90, 9:1; "', 43, p, 53. 60 Brackenhill 1I0ne, ii, 87, 90, 93 Bradawl, i, 119, 131 Bramley Fall stone, ii, 87, 89, 90, 93, Q6 Brashn.,n, iii, 8 Breasting, i, 1:17 Breasts, chimney, ii, 64, 65 Brcccia mubl .. , ii, 97 Brlchc Rose marble, ii, 97 Bre.,=, ii, 11, 1:1, 17,29

slabs, ii, 17 Brick archei, i, 2:1- 26, 83, 85 j ii, 51, Sa, 6a,6-+

cappings, ii, 67 chimney hreasll, ii, 64, 65

stacks, i, 77, 148, I SO, IS'; H, 64-67 copingl, i, 28; ii, 18,62, 63: iii, 116, 117,126

Hricklay .. r'. crsft, i, 3 tool., i, 29

Bricknogged panition, "~"~ 43 Brick-on-edge bonds, ii, 49, 50

copings, i, 28, 29; ii, 18,62,63. iii, 116, 117, 126

parapets, ii, 62, 63 sills, i, 26--28, 112, 113 string courses, ii, 62, 63 thresholds, i, 27, 28, 98, 99, H, 51, 53,

iii, 66, 67 Brick-on-end lintels, i, 20, :U

parapets, ii, 62, 63 plinths, i, 29, 30 sIring courses, ii, 62, 63

Bricks, i, 1-4, '0-13, 21-26, 29-31; ii, 1-19, 36--52, 61-67

Accrington, ii, 17 air, i, 6.; ii, 17; iii, 15 axed, i, 23-26 bats, t, 4, 10, 12, 13,29 bauxite, ii, 16 birdsmouth, ii, 18 blue Staffordshire, i, 18; H, 17 bullnose, i, 4,13,29, ii, 18, 39 cement and concrete, ii, 17 characteristics, i, 2; ii, 14, 15 chromite, ii, 16 circular, ii, 18, +1-clamp_burnt, ii, I1 classification, ii, 15-17 closers, i, 4-14 colour, ii, 2, 12, '3, 61, 62, 64 common, ii, IS coping, i, 28, 29; ii, 18 co"'~ose, ii, 18 defects, i, 2; ii, 13-15 doglcg, i, 4; ii, ,8 enameUed, ii, 16 engineering, ii, '5-17 fdeing, i, 1,2; ii, 3, 7,11-16,36,40,44,

49-5 1,61-64,67,70 fireclay, ii. 2, ,6 Fletton, ii, I, 2, 10 ganister. ii, 16 gault, ii, , glass, ii, 19 glazed, ii, 6, ,6 grooved, ii. 46 hand_made, i, I, 2, 4, 31; ii, 3-5, 13. '5, 61 hoUow, ii, 17-19 Hunziker, ii, '7 keyed, ii, 18 kilns, i, '; ii, 6--1 I

London stock, ii, 2, 11 magnesile, ii, 16 manufacture, i, I, 2, ii, 2-13,16, '7

burning process, i, ,; ii, 6-12 clamps, ii, 11, 12 kilns, ii, 6--11

drying process, i, I; ii, 5-7 moulding processes, i, I, 2, ii. 3-5

GENERAL Brick~-conTd,

moulding processes--contd, hand, i, I, 2, 4,)1, ii, )-5

sand-moulding, ii, 4,12 slop-moulding, ii, 5

machine, i, I; ii, 2, 3, I) press..d, i, I; ii, 3 wire-cut, i, I; ii, 3, I)

plastic process, ii, .a preparation process, ii, 2 semi_plastic process, ii. 2 stiff-plastic process, ii, 2

multi_coloured, i, 2; ii, 2, 12, 13, 61, 62, 64 nicked, ii, ,8 ornamental, ii, 4 paving, ii, '7 perforated, ii, 16, 18, 46 pistol, ii. ,8 plinth, i, 29, ii, 18 pressed, i, I, 31; ii, 2, 3, 13, IS, 18 purpose-made, i, 4, 21, 2), 24, ii, '7-19 rublxr, S, 23, 24; ii, 16 salt-glazed, ii, ,6 sand-faced, i, 32; ii, 4, 12, 13 sand-lime, i, I; ii, 'S, 17 sand-moulded, ii, 4, 12 silica, ii, 16 sizes, i, ); ii, 12 slop-moulded, ii, 5 Southwater, ii, 17 special, t, 4, 21, 23, 24; H, 17-19 splay, i, 4 squint, ii, 18, 36 staining, ii, 12 stock, ii, 2, 4, 11 strength, ii, '5 terms, i, 3, 4 tests, ii, '4,. '5, ~2, 33

compreSSIOn, 11, IS, )2, 3) efflorescence, ii, IS frost resistance, ii, IS permeability, ii, I.

texture, ii, 13,61 weight, i, 2 wire_cut, i, I; H, ), 13, 15, 17. 18

Brickwork, i, 1-32; ii, 1-70 arches, t, 2'-26,83-85,99, 10<), 120; H.

51-53, 62-64 basements, ii, SS-58 cavity \\o'alls. i, 4; ii, 17. 38, 40-.6. 115,

116; iii, 33, 34, 45, 49, 94. 95, 106. 107, Ill, 11), "5-117. 119. Ill8

circular work, ii, 44, 70 decorated work, H, 61-64

arches, ii, 62, 64 diaper work, ii, 64 jointing and pointing. H, 61, 6ll. 6 .... piers, ii, 64 quoins, ii, 62

dry areas. ii, 58

IN D EX Brickwork-contd.

fireplaces, etc., i, 64, 67, 68; ii, 64-67 foundations, i, 15-17 •• 1. 46; ii, 59, 66 jambs, i, 7, '3, 14; ii, 39 junctions, 1,9. '0; ii, 36,)7 Hntels, i, 20. 21, 109, I11 pi~r.s, i, 12, I), 19,43,78, ii, 39, 40. 64;

1II, 34, 54 quoins, i, 4, 10-12; ii, 36, 38, 39, 6ll raking bonds, ii, 48, 49. 62 reinforced, i, 2 ,; ii, 45-fS; iii, 4), 45 setting OUl, ii, 67-70 special bonds. ii. 49-5' strength, ii, IS

Bricktor, ii, 46 Bridging joists, i, 59,65-67; ii, 31-35 Bridle joint, i, 74, 78, 80; iii. 43.52 British Columbian pine, i, 60, 65; iii, 2. 5,

17,25, )6, 40, 56, 70, 98, 101 Honduras cedar, ili, 20, 25

pitch pine, iii, 18, 25,)8 Brittleness, iii, 4, 8, Broad tool, i, )6 Broc.atel1e Jaune marble, ii. 97

Violette marble, H. Q7 Broken brick, i, ll; ii, 28

stone, i, 2; ii, 2!! Bronze balustrade, ii, 120

door, ii, 113 faced ply .... ·ood. iii. 10) panitions, iii, 48

Brown oak, iil. 22, 25 Brush application, preserwtive8, iii, 14 Building paper, ii, 56; iii, 40. 130 Built-up stone steps, ii, 115 Bulk density, ii, 99

excavation, iii. 58 Bulking, ii, )0 "Bull Dog" floor clips, ii;, 38 Bullnose bricks, i, 4, I), 29; ii, 18. 39

steps, iii, 80, 93, 96 Hull's eye arch, ii, SI

cffltering, iii, 60, 61 Buris, iii, 5, 98 Bunna padauk, iii, 2), 25 Burnettizing preserving prOCe1l1. iii. 13 Burning tiles, iii, 105 Burnt ballast, ii. 29 Burr figure, iii, 5. 19, 24, 98 Burring, ii, I) Butler Delph stone, ii, 90. 9) Butt hinges, i, 94, 98, '03. I11

joints, i, 10, 52, 62, 64; iii, 36. 58, 93, 130 preserving treatment, iii, 13

Buttresses, i, 13 c8ppings. i. 20

C Cabot's quilt, iii, 49 Calcareous sandstones, ii, 88

tufa. ii, 97

Calamine, iii, 1)2 Callipers, i. 127 Camlxr arches, i, 24

tiles, iii, 104, 105, 10<)-111, 120 Camhium, i, 55; iii, 2, of, Canada balsam, iii, 4 Canadian red pine, iii, 18,25, 71

spruce, i, 60, 62, 82; iii, I, 18,25 white pine, iii, I, ll, 5, 18, 2S yellow birch, iii, 20, 25, 36

pine, iii, 1,2,5,18,25 Canary whitewood. iii, 24, 25 Cantilever steps, ii, 117 Canting ann planer, ii, 102 Cape Lopez mahogany, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70, 100 Capillary grooves, i, Ill, 145; iii. 66 Cappings, chimney, ii, 67

copper, iii, 1)0 moulded, Hi, 78, 88, 93 2inc, iii, I))

Caps, newel, iii, 30, 78, 79, 88. 93, 95 Carbolizing preserving process, iii. I) Carbonation, ii, 20 Carboru~dum!.ii, 89, 101, IOZ, 104

saws,', )5; 11,102,103 Carpentry, i, 55-85; ii, 31--62

definition, i, 59, 86 Carpets, iii, 41 Carriage bolts, ii, 124

pieces, iii, 78, 80, 8), 87, 88, 9), 96 Cascade, ii. 81 Case-hardening, iii, 8, 10 Casein glue, iii, 101, 103 Casements, wood, i, loS-113, 119

metal. iii, 74, 76-'78, 93 fasteners, i, Ill, 'I); iii. 76 stays, i, Ill, 11); iii, 66, 76

Casings. beam, iii, 36 door, framed, i, 100, 101

plain, i, lOO-lOll, 105; iii, .... 3. 45, 68, 69, 71

skeleton, i, 100, 101 Cast iron covers, ii, 80

lead. i. 142 Caulking, i, 98,143,154

tool, i, 157 Cauls, iii, 63, 100, 101 Cavetto mould. i, 48, 50, 124 Ca,-ity walls, i, 4; ii, 17, )8. 40-46, lIS.

116; iii, 33, H, 45, 49, 94. 95. loO, 107, Ill. "3. "5-117, 119, Iz8

tie!, ii, 40, .1 Cedar. iii, 17, 20, 25, 126

Central American, iii. llO, 25 Pacific red, iii, 17.25, 126 western red, i, 60; iii, '7,25, 126

Ceiling joists, i, 72, 81; ii, 121, 128; ili, 31-35,42,43,49,50,52-56, Ill. 119

Ceilings, i, 68 Cellactite, iii, 124

Cellar £ung.,u, iii, 16 C~lls, i, H, 56; iii, 1-4,7 Cellulose flooring, iii, 41 C~lotex, Hi, 49 Cemfnt, i,:I.; ii. :I.'-:l.S, :1.7, :1.8, 30-36

aluminous, ii, 25, 28 All .. , ii, 25 coloured, ii, 25 fibrous wood, ii, 28; 111, 47 fill"", i, ISO floating coal, i, 65 grout, i, 2, 21, 31, 43, 47, 49, 52, 87 Medina, ii, 22 monar, i, 2-4, 12, 17, 18, 28, 32, 45, 47, 52,

53, 110, 137, 141, 143, 146, 150; ii, 27. 45

walerprooftd, i, 3:1.,137; ii, :17, 57, S8, 65; iii, ,,6

nut, Ctm"nl, i, 53; ii, 75 nonnal Ponland, i, a; ii, 22--24, 27, 28.

30-36; iii, 121 manufacture, i,:I; ii, :1.2--24 lUll, ii, 22-24

chemical compo.ition, ii, :1.:1., 23 cold_pat, ii, a4 fineneu, ii, 22 hot-pat, ii, :14 ' ttllng tim~, H, a3, 24

final, ii, 24 initial, ii, 24

soundn"u, ii, a4 strength, ii, a3, :14

compr"ui\'e, H, 23, 2..4 lensile, ii, 2J

plug, i, S:I Portland blul-fumace, ii, :1.5, 28 rapid_hudt'ning Ponland, ii, a4. a8 Roman, ii, 21 while Ponland, ii, :1.4, :1.7

Cement and conCRle blocks."d brick., ii, 17 Cementing plywood, iii, 100, 101 Cemenlone, ii, 27 Cenlfring, i, a6, 83- 85: ii, 60, 62

circular arches, iii, 60, 61 easing, i, 83, 8S flat arches, i, 83, 84 pointed an:hes, iii, 60, 61 segmental arche" i, 84, 8S s.emicircular archu, i, 84, 8s; iii, 60--61 s.emi_elliptical arches, iii, 61, 62 striking, i, 83 turning pieces, i. 24, 83-8S

Central American cedar, iii, :1.0, :IS mahogany, i, 60; iii, S, :11, 25, 70, 98

Cwtre_nailt'd slating, i, 135, 138 Cenlral batching plant, ii, 35 Ceupool, i, 7:1., 145, 146 Chain cutter, iii, 29

do,., i, S3 lewi., i, 53

GENERAL Chains, sash, i, "3, 118, 119 Chalk, 11, I, 20, 2:1. Chamber drye .. , ii, 5 Chamben. inspection, ii, 78, 80, 81, 84

inl"rcepling, ii, 78, 79, 81, 8:1., 84 Chamfer, i, a8, 38, 47, 88, ,oS

joinl, ili, 92, 93 Chamfering, iii, :18, 30, 43 Channelled joint., ii, .os. 113 Chann,,]s, drain, ii, 72, 74, 80

steel, i, 158 Chase wMge, i, 146, I S6 Chaser mill, ii, :I.

Checking, iii, 8, 10, '00 C115"_hardening, iii, 8, 10 end, iii, 8 hon"yoomb, iii, 8 internal, iii, 8 surface, iii. 8 Ihrough, Iii. 8 ,'eneen, W, 100

Chemical composition, cement, ii, 2:1., :13, 'S

clays, ii, I, :I., 12 granites, ii, 88 Iim"", ii, 20 limestones. H, <)6 marb,,"., ii, <)6 .-ndstones, il, 96

Cherry mahogany, iii, aa, 25 Chimney bar, ii, 65

breasts, ii, 64, 6S fiR interior, H, 66, 6? flues, ii, 65, heanhs, i, 64, 67, 68; ii, 66, 67 pots, ii, 65 ttacks, i, 77, t48, '50, 'S'; H, 64-6,

Chipbreaker, iii, :1.9, 30 Chipped grain, i, 59 Chi.,,] drafted margins, i, 38 Chisels, i, 39, 36, 3B, I a8 Chromit" brick •• ii, 16 Chuffs, ii, 13 Chute, drain, ii, 81 Cigar-box cedar, iii, :1.0, 25 Ciment Fondu, ii, :IS Cippoline marbl", H, 97 Circassian walnut, iii, 24, 25 Circ1" vaU"ys, Hi, 109, JIO, 126 Circular arch, ii, 51

brias, ii, 18, +4 «nl"ring, iii, 60, 61 saw bench, i, 34, 35, 107, 130, 13a; ii.

'oa, 103: iii, 2 .. , 26. 27, 97, 100 mill,iii,6

saws, bevelled, iii, 26, a7 caroorundUm, i, 35; ii, 102, 103 cross-cut, iii, 2..4, 26 diamond, i, J5, '3a; H. 102, 103 dnm.ken, iii, 30

INDEX Circular saw.--coned.

ground..off, iii, :1.6-27 lIulleting, iii, 30 hollow_lIround, Hi, :1.6 plate, iii, 6, :14-:1.7, 30, 31 rip, iii, :1.4, a6, 27, 30 setting, iii, 26 sharpening, iii. 30, 31 ..... alJe, ~ii, a~~ 27 tenslorung, 111, 27

Circular tlain, iii, 79 work, ii, 4-4, 70

5"tting-out, ii, 70 Circumfer"mial shrinkage, i, 58 Clamping plywood boards, iii, 101 Clamps, i. IJO, '31; ii, 11, 1:1. Classification, limber, i, 59, 60; iii, " 17-:24

botanical, iii, I

commercial, iii, I, 17-a4 hardwoods, i, 59, 60; iii, I. 17, 19-2..4 toftwoods, i, 59. 60; iii. 1.17-19

Clay, i, I; ii, 1-4, 1:1., 16; iii, 56, 10'4 blending, ii, 2 block and day partitions, Hi, 45 chc:mical constitution, ii, I, :I.. la cleaning, ii, :I.

de-airing, ii, 3 fireday, ii, :I., 16 gault. ii, I Knott., ii, 1,2 loamy, ii, I

maim, H, I

marly, ii, I

plast ic, ii, 2 red, ii, 1 reduct~on, !!, a s.creenmg, 11, 3 souring, ii, 4 w~alheting, ii, 2

CI.yhales, i, J9 Cleansing IoCR"'S, ii, 84 Cleats, i, BI ; ii, 1:1.:1.-125. 1:1.7, 128; iii, 36.

37, "S , 5:1.-57 Cleft shingle., iii, la6 ClinchM. i, 88 Clinker, H, 22, a6, 29 Clinkermg, ii, 13 Clipper, plywood, iii, 100 Clips, COI?P"r, iii, 130

fI?<>r, .il!, J8 amc, Ill, '31-'33

Clipsham IIone, ii, 87, 9:1.""""96 Cloakroom, iii, 93 CIQ3e couple roof, i, 71, 7a

picked wailing, i, 43 alring1, ili, So, 83"""91, 9J, 96

Closed drum mixer, H, 3S mortice and '"non joint, i, 86

CIO$C", i, 4-14 Clo", clay, iii, 1G.4

Coach-screW1, i, 126 Coal slack., ii, 6, 11 Coal-tar, iii, la Coarse grain, i, 58; iii, 5,19

texture, iii, S, :1.1,:1.3 Cogg"djointt, i, 61, 73; Hi, 31, 35, 43 Coke-breeze brick., iii, 110, I 11

COnCRte block partitions, iii, 45-47. 90, QJ

Cold chisel! .. , IJO pal 1"'1, 11, 24 steeping preserving procell, iii, 13, 14-

CoII.ps", iii , 8 Collar roofs, i, 72-75; iii, 52, Sl Coloured uphall, ii, 56

cement, ii, :1.5 Columbian pine, i, 60, 65; iii, 2, S, 17. as,

36, 40, 56, 70, 9B, 101 Combed joint, iii, 70 Comb gnin, iii, 4-7, n. 38, lOO, 126 Combined air and kiln se&IOning, iii, 11, la

log and deal frame, iii, 6 Comblanchien marbk, ii, 97 Comm"rcial clauification, timber, iii , I.

'7-:1.4-Commod" Ilel», iii, 78, 80 Common fum.tuR beetle, W, 16

panitions, ili, 42, 43 Compacting factor tesl, ii, 3a Compass.,., i, 26 Compass laW, i, 1:1.7 Compo manu, i, 2; ii, :17. 450 iii, 114 Compos.it~-bo.rds, iii, 103 Composition, cem"nt, ii, :12, 23, as

clay, ii, I, a, ':1. ConCR!e, ii, a8, 30, 31, 34, 35, 57, 60 granil,,', ii, 88 lim.,., ii, :1.0 limestonel, ii, <)6 marble!!, H, 96 sandstonel, ii , 96

Compound Wills, i, +4-48; ii, 110, 112, 11",

". Compr" •• ion strength, brickl, ii, IS cement, ii, a3, :1.4 concret"., H, 31, 3:1.. 34 graniles, ii, 86 limeston",. H, 9a sandslonu, ii, 90, 91 "",ss, i, 20. 66, 76; Hi. 3:1, 56, 62 testing Tachines, ii , I S. 32, 101

Concr",e , I, a, 3, 15- :1.:1.,6:1.,63,65,67,68, liS , 119; ii, :1.8-J6, SS-57, 59, 60. 68; iii, 36, 38, 41, 4S-47, 90, 93. 120

aggrepl"s, i, 2, 3; ii, 17, as, :1.6, :18-36. 58, 60, 87

blocks and bricks, ii, 17 partilions, iii, 45-47, 90, 93

compacting, ii, 35, 60 composilion, ii, :1.8, 30, 3t, 34. 35. 57, 60

Concrete-comd. curing, ii, 35. 60 defects, ii, 29. 35 floors, i, 65; H, SS-57. 59-0,; iii, 36-.P foundations, '. '5-'7, 19 • • 1 •• 6; ii, -41.

43, 57. 59, 66, 68 grading, ii, 25. 29 hunns, i, 6<11-64, 6,. 68; ii, 66, 67 hoist, ii, 35 laitanc"" ii, 60 levelling. ii, 68 lightweight, H. 29; iii, 45-47 linteis, i. 21, 13, 115 . 119 ma$5, ii, 2S, 35 matrix, i, 2; ii, 28 mixing, i, 3; ii, ]4, 35. 6. pl~cing, ii, ~S remfor«d, I, 7,12, :U, a2 , 71, liS. 119;

U, aH-3Q, 56, 1[7. 119. 1<110; ILl, )6, 37. 39. 4'i

u .... dust, ii, 28; iii, 47 Kreeding. iii, )8 aile, i, .8, 19. 62, 6), 6s; ii, S9; iii, IS urength, ii, ]1, )2, 34 sub-floors, i, 63. 6s; ii, 55-,;7; Hi, 38, 39, .' tcm, H, ) 1-34; ii;,)8

complcting factor, ii, J2 compre»ion, ;i , )2, 34 dryneu, Hi, 38 slump, ii, 31- 34

tiles, iii, '20 moulding machine, iii, !:lO

10WO:I, ii, 35 wat~r-cem~m I"Itio, ii, 31 wat~rpmof~d, ii, )6, 57

Cone crusher, H, 21 hip tiles, iii , 109, 116, no

Conical roll, iii , 1)0 Coni/mot, iii, I

ConiophoTO ,tTtiHlla, iii, 16 Connemara Irish Green marble, ii, 97 Conservancy system, ii, 71 Coruoles, ii, 108, Ill, 11) Conuruction, ar.:hes, i, 14, 83-85; ii, 51

drains, ii, 76--78 steps, iii, 83, 8 .. , 87, 97 truss, i, 81 walls, i, 3', 53

Contact bed, ii, 7' Continuous loilns, ii , 6-10, 19

guides, iii, 58 mixers, ii, 35 Itair, iii, 79, 81

Conversion, timber, I, 57; iii, 4--7, U, 98, ,~

flat-uwn, iii , 4--1', 1Z6 plain_sawn, Hi, 4--1',116 quaner-sawn, i, 57; iii, 4--7, U, 38, lOO, ,,'

GENERAL Conversion---contd,

radial-sawn, i, 57; iii, 4--7, 11, 38, 100, 116 rift_sawn, i, 57; iii, 4--7, u, 38, lOO, u6 rotary cutting, W, 98, 100

half-round .:utlinR, iii, <)8 stay-log cutting, iii, <)8

.lab-sawn, i, 57; iii, 4--1', 116 sl i.:ing, iii, 98, 100 tangemiat-sawn, i, 57; iii, 4-7,116

Copings, i, 18, :1-9, So, SI; ii, 18,6:1-,63; iii, 116, 117, 116

apex stone, i, SI br,,:Ir.-on-edse, i, 28, :1-9; ii, 18, 62, 6);

lii, 116, 117, 126 bri.:k_on_end, i, a8; ii, 61, 63 bullnose, i, 29 double cant, ii, 18 feather-edge, i, 5 I kneeler, i, 51 parallel, i, 51; Hi, 116, 117, 116 raking, i, 51 .... ddle-ha.:k, i, 29, SI leRlllental, i, 5 I semici rcular, i, 29; ii, 18 springer stonc, i, SI

Copper bit, i, 153, 157 damp proof course, i, 18 joint, i, '5)

Copper roofing, i, 68-70; iii, 119- 1)2 <:appings, iii , 130 .:haracteristia, iii, n9, 130 dips, iii, 1)0 drips, iii, 1):1-flashings, iii, 131 hip.s, iii, 1)1 joints, ii i, 1)0-131

ttanding seam., iii, 1)0, 131 welts, iii, 130, 13:1-wood rolls , iii, 130, 1)1

manufacture, sheets, iii, 1:1-9 sizes, iii, 130

ridges, iii, 13:1-strings, iii , 130 valleys, iii, 132

COPJH'r sulphate, iii, 12, 13 Corbels, i, '9, 6:1-, 68; ii, 112, 11)

brackets, i, 6:1-Cord, sash, i, 113 , 118, 119 Core-dri'-er, i, 106 Cores, plywood, iH, 98, 100, 103 Corngrit stone, ii, 92, 93, 101 Cork floor co,'ering, ii i, 40, 41

carpet, iii, 41 manufactur~, iii, 40 skinings, iii, 40 tiles, iii, 40

Cornices, i, 35, 49-51, 150, 152; ii, 107- 116 protection, i, ISO, 15:1; ; ii, 113

Cornish slales, i, 1)4 ; ii, 87, 97 Corona, i, 49; ii, 107

INDE X Corrennie granite, ii, 86, 93 Corrosive sublimate, ili, 12, 14, 16 Corrugated metal nw-edge fastenen, i,

n6; iii, 70 shUlI, iii, n:l-, n4

.. E~~rite Bigsi. ", iii, U2, n4 Itandard, iii, n4

Corsehill red stone, ii, 87, 89, 90, 93, 96 Corshim· Down stone, ii, 92---94, 96, 101 Cotawold District atone, ii, 89; iii, uS, u7

"one Ilating, iii, 121:-1:1;7 Count~r-battenl, i, 138; iii, 106, 11-+, u6

laths, Hi, 31, 34, 36, 43 Couple roofs, i, 71, 72 Coura~s, i, 4, 5 Cover beads, iii, 74

fillets, iii, 78, 88 flashing., i, 14), '45-1 41

Cownosc bricks, ii, .8 Cradle, iil, 87 Cradling, iii, H, 36, p,

pieee, i, 68 Cramped joint, i, S:I; Cramps, i, 49, 52, 64,106,130 Cramping doors, i, 10+, 106

floor boards, i, 64 Cruing, ii, 13 Creasing, tile, i, 29 : iii, 110, 116, no Creetown granite, ii, 86 Creosote, i, 57, 61, 87; ii, H; iii, 1:1--14, 16,38 Cro .. bandi~8'5, iii, 70, ~, 100

.0:1-; iii, 5, 24, cut IIlW, I, n7, 131; ll,

16, 27 cutting timber, iii, :1;4, :1-6, 30 Rrain, iii , 97, Q8, l OO, 10:1-tongued/'oint, iii , 70, 7:1;, Q6

Crolland I i1l5l0ne, ii, 90, 9), 96 CrOlch, iii, 5, :1-4, 98 Crown, i, 22

Croaaling, ii, 13 Crushed stone, ii, 26 Crushing ~ol1a, ii, 3; iii, 104 Crypto·florescenu, H, '4 Cuban mahogany, i, 60; iii, 5, 21, IS, 70,98

pine, iii , 18, 25, 38 Cubi.:al rot, iii, IS Cupboard, iii, 84 Cupping, i, 59; iii, 8, 40 Cup ,hakes, i, 58 Cups, i, '10, 114, ,as, 126 Curing chamber, iii, 120

concrete, ii, 35, 60 Curly birch, ili, 20, IS, 36

grain, .ii, +, 5, 20 maple, iii, 5, 22, 25, 38, 40, 101

Curtail st~p, lii, 80, 97 Curved soffit linings, iH, 70, 7:1-Cussomel, W, nS CUt and mitred hipa, Hi, 109, u6, ug

"alleys, iii, 110

Cut strin~, iii, 80, 97 Cutterblocks, iii, a8-)t, 100 Cune", iii, 28-31, 87 Cutting iron, i, t )4

li, ts, i, 107 table,i, l;ii,),4;iii, 104

Cylinder, "eneering, ili , 7a sander, iii, JO

Cyma recta mould, i, +8, So revena mould, i, 48-50, 96, 1 U

Cymatium, i, 49; ii, 11] Cypress shingles, ili, u6

D

Dado panelling, iii, 93 Damp proof courses, i, 17, 18, 29; ii, +', ....

46,52-58,60; iii, '5, 16 :uphalt, i, 17; ii, 51, H, SS blue Staffordshire brick, i, 18 copJH'r, i, 18 fibrou.s a.p~lt felt , i, 18 ; H,~, 5a, H, 56 lead, I, 18 ; 11, 42 stoneware, i, 18

Dancing ateps, iii, 78, 80, 8a Deadwood, i, 58 De-airin!> day, ii, 3 Deals, iil, 5, 24 lliath_wat.:h beetle, iii, ,6 Deciduous, iii, I

Decorated brickworlo, ii, 61-64 arches, ii, 6:1--64 diap~r work, ii, 63, 64 jointing and pointing, ii, 61, 6<1, 6-+ piers, ii, 6), 6. quoins, ii, 62, 63

Deep_cutting, iii, 64 Defects in bricks, i, 2; H, 13-15

black core, ii, 13 bloating, ii, I) burring, ii, I) .:huffs, i;, I] cra2ing, ii, I) .:ro:l;zling, ii, I) effiores.:cnce, ii, I , 13-15 griuling, il, '4 iron spots, Ii, 14 laminations, ii, 14 lime nodulcs, i,:I-; ii, 14 IICumming, ii, 7, 8, 14

Defects in concrete, ii, a9 , 35 ~xpalUion, ii , 29 frost act ion, ii, )s

Dcfects in 1l0nC, i, 39; ii, 97-101 clay_holcs, i, 39 duc to al8odation of dissimilar stones,

ii,98 atmospheric impurities, ii, 97 car~l~ss selection, H, Q8 corrodible m~tal fastenings, ii, 99

Defects in .tone--oonld. due 10 efflorescence, ii, 98

frost action, ii, 98, ,00, 101 incorrect bedding, ii, 97

moule, i, 39 sand-hole., i, 39 ahakes, i, 39 ~helly ban, i, 39 .nailcreep, i, 39

Defecll in timber, i, 55-60; iii, .. , " 8, 10, 14-'7, )8. 40, ·41 , SI, lOO, 103, 130

bowing, i, s8 bnlllhness, iii, 8 briulenen, iii, .. , 8 eellQT fungus, iii, ,6 checking, iii, 8, 10, 100

case-hardening, iii, 8, 10 end, iti, 8 honeycomb, iii, 8 intern.l, iH, 8 surface, iii, 8 through, iH, 8 venecrs, iii, 100

chipped grain, i, 59 coUapte, iii, 8 circumferential .hrinkage, i, 58 coarse grain, i, 58; iii, 5,19 cup shakes, i, 58, 60 cupping, i, 59; iii , 8, ,,0 deadwood, i, 58 death-witch b«tle, iii, 16 doatinen, i, 58 druxineSl, i, 58 dry rot, i, 58, 6., 6~, 76; iii, 7,1,,- 16,38,

41, 51 foxiness, i, s8 hean .hakes, i, S8, 60; iii, 18, aD knots, i, 58, 60; iii, 18, 19 lyctus powder.post beetle, W, 16, ' 7 shnnkage, i, SS-58, 86-8S, 9 .. , ua; iii, 7,

8, ,,0, loa, la6 splitting, iii, 8, ID, loa, u6 ...... elling, i, s6, 58, 100, Ill ; iii, 7.,,0 twined grain, i, 58 upsets, i, s8 veneers, iii, 100 wane, i, 59 warping, i, 57-59; Hi, 8, 10, ,,0, loa, 10J, . " bow, i, 58; iii , 8

cup, i, 59; iii , 8, 40 spring, Hi, 8 twist, iii, 8, loa wind, iii, 8

wet rOl , i, s8 De Lane granite, ii, 86, 88, 93 Density bulk, ii, 99

IOlid, ii, 99 Derbyl hire Itone, i, 33, H Detached pier., i, n, 13

Diag~nQI .. I:>'md, ii, .. 8, 6l gram, 111, ..

Diallage, ii, 8S

GENERAL

Dillmond saws, i, 35, 13l; ii, 102, 103 .lates, iii, U I, J:al

Diaper work, ii, 63, 6 .. DiatomaceolU earth, iii, .. 5 Dicolyledonu, iii, , Diffu..,-porou5 woods, iii, ~, 4, 19, lO, :u Dihedral angle, Hi, 109, 110 Diminished fliers, iii, 80

lIile door, Hi, 68 Diminidung coursed work, i, '33, '35, IJ6,

139, 1,,0 Dipping prestn'ing procen, iii, t .. Diorites, ii, 85, 88 Disc polisher, H, 105

rivets, iii , lal , na and bobbin sander, iii , 30 I-ander, iii, JO

Disposition, timber, Hi, I, 17-l4 Distribuling bars, iii, 36 Ooatiness, i, 58 Dogleg bricks, i, .. ; ii, IS

$lairs, 78, '9, 87""""93 Dogs, i, 65 Dolomite lime, ii, 21

limestones, ii, 9a, 94, 96, 98 mortars, ii, l6 sandstones, ii, 88, 9l, 9 ..

Door-casings, i, 100010l, 105; iii, "3, 45, 68,69,7'

chain, i, 94, 100 gaps, ii, " 8 lock! and latches, i, 88-92, 98, 10J, 10" posts, i, 86, 87, 89, 91-93 ; iii, 4"1, "5, 63-6, Slop, i, 103

Doors, i, 86-107; Hi, "l, .. ), 45, "7, SI, 63-71,84, 93

classification, i, 87 fanli~ht , iii, 6~-66 fire_raisting, lii, 70 flush, i, 94; iii, 68, '0, 71, J9 framrd, led~d and bauened, i, 92, 93

ledged, braced and battened, i, 9a""""94 gla'led, iii, 66-70 hanging, i, 88, 9a, 94, 9S: TO) ledged and battened, i, 87-90

braced and battened, i, 90, 91 manufacture, i, 9 .. , <)8, 10,,-107 panelled, i, 94-107; iii, 63-69 preparation, i, 88, 9l, 10,,-107 proportion, i, 8, semicircular ht1lded, iii, 66, 67, 70, 71 lizes, i, 87

Dormer window, lii, SI, sa Dol mould, i, 157 Double abutment joint, i, 81

boarded floon, i, 65; iii, )6

IN D EX Double dimension IIIlW bench, iiJ, 30

eave~ course, i, 136, '''I; iii, lOS, 106, 110, IaI, la9

Flemish bond, i, 7-9, 11-14 ftoon, i, 59; iii, 31"""34 glazing, iii, 51 half_turn slairs, iH, 79 lock cross well , iii, 130 quarter-turn $lairs, iii, 79 Roman tiling, Hi, 1 16, 118, 119 roofs, i, ,a-"76; iii, SI-54 spindle moulder, iii, 29 tenoned jointl, i, 87, 9a; iii , 63, 68, 70

Douglu fir, i, 60, 65; iii, l, 5, 17, as, J6, 40, 56, 70, 98, 101

Dove marble, ii, 97 Dovetai l saw, i, I:a7 Dovetailed halved joint, I, 72, 7J; 111, sa

housed joint, i, 66, 7"; iii, sa, 88 lenon joint, i, 116

Do,·etailing, iii, 29, JO, 70, 97 Dowelled joints, i, 52, 86, 87, 92, 98, '0<4-,

108; iii, 66, 72, 88 Do .... els, i, "9, 53, 86, 8" 9a, 104, loS, ISO Down-draUllht kiln , H, 6, 7 ..

pipes, i, 154, 156 joints, i, 154

Dngon beam, i, 69, 7 .. Drags, i, 38 -Drainage, ii, 71-84

l ubsoil, ii, 55, S6 Drain pipes, ii, 7'....,S , 78

bends, ii, 72, ,.. channels, ii, 7l, 7 .. , 80 characteristics, ii, 7 .. chute, i;, 8, toints .. ii, '.~ JunClions, 11, 72, 7 .. manufacture, ii, , .. rods, ii, 80, 81 Itraight, ii, 'a...., .. traps, ii, 71"'", 8 ,-8 ..

,wlies, ii , 72-'74, 8a-8 .. mtercepton, 7 .. , 81, 8l, 8 ..

Drains, conSTruction, ii, 76-78 di8-C(lnnection, ii, 8l, 8 .. foundations, ii, 76..,8 inspection, ii, ,8, 80, 8 .. interception, ii, 78, 81, Sa, 8 .. principl"l, ii, 78-8 .. tetting-out , ii, 75 Iystern., H, 78-84 tests, ii , ,8

ball, ii, ,8 hydraulic, ii, ,.. smoke, ii, ,8

timbering, iii, S6-59 ventilation, ii, ,8, 8l-8 ..

Draught bead, i, 11,, ; iii, 7a excluder, iii, 51

Draughl .~li p, iii, 68 st rips, iii, SI

Draw_pinned joint., i, 87; iii, 88 Dresser, i, 1 .. 6, 156 Dressing slone, i, 35-38; ii, 101-105 Drills, portable elect ric , i, 130 Drip plate, i, 1 .. 6, 156 Drip., lead, i, 144- 1 .. 6

copper, iii, 13a zinc, ii;, 133

Driving lcrews, iii, na, u .. wedges, iii, 57

Drop arch, ii, Sl Drops, n" ..... eI, iii, )0, ,8, 79, 88, 93""""9J Drum sander, iii, 30 Drunken saw, iii, 30 Druxineu, i, 58 Dry areas, ii, sS

umented proce .. , 111, 100 dipped process, ii, 16 hydrated lime, ii, 20, a i , a7 pans, ii, a and weT bulb ,hennometer, iii, 10, 11

Dryinl( bricks, artificial proc"ss, ii, S, 7 clumber, ii, 5 hot Roor, ii, 5 shed, ii, 5 tunnel, ii , 5 nalural proceu, ii, 5, 6

Drying tiles, iii, 105 Dry rot, i, 58, 6 1, 62, 76; iii, 7, ,,,- 16,38,

41, S' Duala mahogany, iii, S, ll, as, 70, 100 Dummy, hand, i, 148, '57

h.eel, i, 148, 157 Ions, i , , .. 6, 157

Dumpy level , ii, 67, 75 Dungeon.. stone, ii, 87, 89, 90, 93, 96 Dunn House stone, ii, 87, 89, 90, 93, Q-6 Duplex lBW machine, ii, loa DUfBmen, i, SS Dunnast oak, iii, n , as Duteh bond, ii, 49

elm, iii, 20, 25

E

Elrnock stone, ii, 90, 93 Ears, i , IS .. Earth clotets, ii, 71 Euirl8, unlrea, i, 8J, 85

Illin, Hi, 78, 87, ?!> Eau African olive, ili, :aJ, :as

Indian IItinwood, iii, 5, a3, lS, 98 wllnut, iii, :aI,:aS

EavCl, i, 69, ' I , 7a, 74-'17, 136, 138-1"8; iii, 53-55, 10S- I07, 110, In-lIS, 11, n l- ns, 1:17-ra9, 13 ..

closed, i, 71 , 7"-'17, IJ9; iii, "5, 119, 1:16, 1:18

_ ____ .. , ... ,,""IT I

Eavu--concd. definition, i, 69 filler piece, iii, 114 flush, t, ,I, ,.; Hi, 54. IZJ guC\cn, t, ' 53

joints, i, 153 open , i, 7 1, 74. 139. '40; Ill, 5S . prockded, i, 69. 75-'1'. IJ8, '39; ii;,

106, '07 . "4. liS Ebony, iii, 20, 25

African, iii, 20, 25 Maca5sar, iii, 20, :lS

Edgcfold stone, ii, 90. 93 Edge grain, iii, 4- 7. :n, 38, 100, 116

nmncl'll, ii, 2 ; iii, 104

dry pans, i i , .2 p ... mill., ii,.2 ",ct pans, ii, .2

EdIJing slips, door, ii i , 68 timber, i ii, 24

&) grass, iii, 49 Efflorescc:ncc, ii, I, 1)-15,26, 27.98 Effluent, ii, 7' Egg and dart o rnament, ii, 107 EleclTic pyometen, i i, I1 Electrical moisture rntten, iii, I1

Electrode, ii, UI

Elliptical ",ch, ii, 52 It"in, iii, 79

Elm, i, 60; iii, 2, S. '7 , la, 25. 126 Dutch, iii, ZO, 25 English, iii, 20, 25. 116 while, i ii, 20, liS wych, iiL :0:0, 2S

Emery discs, iii, 31 Empty-cell preserving procell, iii, IJ Enamelled bricks, ii. 16 Encasing drain" ii, 78, 84 End chedr.ing, iii, 8

grain, iii, 4 EndcJiffe stone, ii, 87, 90, 9J Endogens, i, 55 Eng, iii, zo, :z s Engineering brick., ii, 15- 17 English ash, iii, IQ, 015, 70

bond, i, ~~. 9-14 cross. 11, 49 faci ng, ii, 50, SI garden wall, ii, 40, 49

elm, iii, :10, 015, u6 marbles, ii, 87, 92, 94, Q6 oak, i, 60; iii, 01:1, :15, JB, 40, 70, u6 walnut, iii, 24, 25

Engobe, ii, 16 Entablatu re , ii, 107, 11) Equilateral arch, ii , 52 Ero-ion, ii, 98 Eteutcheon, i, 90 Eaaent ial requiremenU, lIain, iii , 80, 82-84 European birch, i, 60; ii i, 19, 25, 98

GENERAL European larch, iii, I , 17, :IS , 56

spruce, i, 60, 61; iii , I, 19,015,38 walnut, W, :14, 15

Even grain, iii, 4 texture, iii, 5, 18, :10-:1)

Evergreen timbc:n, iii, I, 40 "E'"eri te Bigsix" corrugated sheeu, i ii , 111, n, Exfoliation, ii, 98 EXmet, ii, 45, 46 Exogens, i, SS Expanded metal, ii, 19. 56, 105; iii, 36, 47,

'" slate, ii, :19 Exposure line, . hinglel, iii, 119 Extension hinges, i, Il l; iii, 74, 76, 77 External fan comp,nment kiln, ii i, 10 Extrados, i, :11, 47

F Face, i, 3, )6

bedded stone, i, )8; ii, 97 pliu, iii, 98, 100

Facing bond, ii, 50, SI bricks, i, 1,:1; ii, 3, 7, 11-16,36, 40, 44,

49-51, 6 1-64, 67, 70 Fanlights, iii, 63-66 Flseias, i, 61), 70, 74, 76; iii, 53, 78, 88, 106,

no Fasteners, corrugated met,1 nw-edge, i,

u6 ; iii, 70 Faucet, ii, 72 Feather-curl figure, iii, 5

edged bo~"~ding, iii, 101) tongues, Ill , 7:1

Feeding table, ii i, 18, :19 FeUing timber, iii, s felspar, ii, 85 Felspathic und5l0nu, ii, 88, 89 Felt. iii, ;~, 49, SI

paper, Il l , 40 Fences, iii, 14, 28-30 Fender walls, i, 19, 61 "Ferrocrele" cemenl , ii, 24 Ferruginous sandttonu, i i, 88 Fibres, iii, 4 Fibre saturation point, iii, 7 Fibrous asphalt felt , i, 18, 6c}, 70,1)6,138,

146; ii, 54, 56; iii, 106- 101). Ill, "5-119,114,136,130

wood_cemenl, H. :18; Hi, 47 Fiddle-back figure, W, S, :zo-lJ

maple, iii, 5, 11, 25, 38, 40, 101 Figure, i, S7i iii, 4, S, 17-24

bird'a-eye, iii, 5, OIl blister, iii , 5, 18, ll - a3 burr, iii, 5, 19, 14 fe. ther curl, iii, 5 fiddle-back. iii, S, lo-:t ) mott led, iii , 5, 17, 19, ao, 1:1, 1)

IN 0 EX Figure--contd.

pith flecks , iii, 5. 19, a4 ram's born, iii, 5 ribbon, ii i, 5, l l-a4 ripple marks, iii, 5. ai , 013 roe, iii, 5, 11 , a3 . il"er grain, i, 57; iii. 4, S,:za • tripe, iii, 5, 31. 1), 14

Filler beam., iii, 36, 37 Fillers, ii , U4 Fillets, i, 29, 49, 50

mortar, iii, Ill, "4, 116, "7, 1:16 wood, iii, 31, 36, 4a, 43, 56, 57

welds, ii, 111 Fine grain, Hi, 5

teJI:ture, iii, S, 19. 10 Fineness test, ii, :la Finger cone pine, iii, 18, as

plate, i, 104 Finishes, floor, iii, 36-41 F inishing plywood bouda, LII , loa FinJ,c roof trull, ii. U 7, u8 Fireclay blockt, Hi, :16

bricks, ii. ::t, 16 pipes, ii, 71--'15

Fire columns. ii, 7 Fireplaces. i, 64, 67, 68; ii, 6,,-67

heanhs. i, 68; ii, 66, 67 interion, H. 66. 67

Fire-retarding timber, iii, 14, 1016 Finner chisel, i, u8 Firrings, i, 70, 71; Hi, 34,)6 Firs, iii, I, 2, 5, 17-19,25, 36,38,40, ,6,

70,98, 101,105,110, II1 Fishing, i, 73 Fish plate, iii, 56 Five-cutter, iii. 18 Fixed cutten, iji, 18

sashes, i, l og, 113 Fixing bricks. ili, 110

points, i, 157 Fl~gstones, ii, 89 Flashings, copper, iii, 13a

lead, i, 143. 145- 151; iii, 116, " 7, UO, u9 zinc, iii, 133

Flash-wall, ii, 6 Flat a rches, i. a4, 47, 99, 101), u o; ii , 64,

'07, 113 cut, iii, g8 grain, iii, 4, 5, 7. a4, u6 roofs, i, 70--'11, 146, 149; iii, IJo-I)3 sa"''Il timbc:r, iil, 4--'1, u6

FI~unching, ii, 65 Flecks, iii, 5, 19, :\4 Flemi!h bond, i, 7- 14

garden wall bond, ii, 40, 49, liS Flctton brick., ii , 1,1,10 Fleur de Pcche marble, ii, 97 Fl ie rs, ii i, 78, 80. 8). 84, 87, 90, 93 Flight, stair, iii, 78

Flint w.lling, i, 39, 4J, .. F1itched beams, iii, 31 Flitches, iii, 5, 6, 98 Floating floor, lii, 4Q Floor bearen. iii, 38, 39

binders, ii i, 31- )6, 45 determination or .ius, ii i, ):1, 34, 35

boards, i, 57, 59, 6a-65; Hi. 5, 6,10, ::t9 • J :Z- 41

clips, ii i, 38 fiUer bc:ams, Hi, 36, )7 fini shes, iii, 36-4'

carpet, iii, 41 cellulolC. iii, 41 cork, iii, 40, 4'

carpet, ii i , 4 1 tilel, iii, to

linoleum, iiI, 41 parquet, Hi, 40

inlaid, Hi, 40 ordin.ry, iii , 40 pined, iii, 40

plywood. iii, 40, 41, 1001 rubbc:r , iii, 41

sheet, W. 41 tile., iii, 41

strip , iii, 36 wood blocks, iii, )8, 40

boards, iii, )6, 38 girden, mild tt .... l. i, 59, 158, 159; Hi ,

)1-)7 determination or sizes, iii, J4, 35

joists, i, 59, 61, 62, 65-68; iii , )1-35. 40, 4:\,43, 5:1 , 83, 88, QO

determination of siZes, iii, 301, J+ Floors, cleaning off, i, 6S

concrete, i, 65: H, SS-57, sQ--ti 1 ;iii, J6-41 double, i, 59: i il, ) 1-34

boarded, i, 6s: iii,)6 fire- resisting. iil, )6, 37 floaling, W. 49 framed, i, 59: ii i , 34-36 single, i, 59-68 sound-proofed, Hi, 48-S I trimming, i, 6a, 66, 68 triple, i, 59: iii, 34- 37 wood-co\"ercd concrete, I , 6), 65; H,

SS-57; iii, )8, )9, 4 1 F lorentine arch, ii, 51.53 Flowered satinwood, ili, 5, al , as , 98 Flues, ii, 65 Flush doors . i, 94; iii, 68, 70, 71, 93

fire-resisting, iii, 70 Flush join", i, 31; ii, 6z Flushing c isterna. ili, 49, 9l Foamed cement. iii, 47

slag, ii . a9 Folding wedlle. , i, 65, 66, 8)--85; W, 56-6& Followers, iil, 1:15 Foot iron., ii, 80

Forced drausht kilns, iii, Io-U Forked tenon joint, i, 116 Form, ply .... ood, iii, 102 Fonn ..... ork, ii, I~ Foundations, 1,15-'7, 39-... , ~6; ii, ~I. ~3,

57, 59, 66 brick footin(l5. i, '5-'7 chimney, ii. 6~. 66 concrete. i. 15-'7; ii, .p, ~3, 57, 59, 66

and footlnj{s. i. '5-17, 19, ~ I, ~6; ii, 59 drain, ii. 76, 78 setting out, ,i, 67--;0 . tepped, ii, 59 stone. i, )9. 40

Four-culler planing and thicknuaini machine, iii. ~8

Frame "" ..... , i, 34, 1~7; ii, 101 Framed floors, i, 59; iii, H-36

ledged and battened door, i. 92, 93 braced and baltened door, i, 92"""'94

partitions, ili, .H-45 Frames, door, i, 86, 87, 89, 91-'n; iii,~,

45,63-67 bedding, i, 1),87, I11 trench, iii, 57, 58 windo ..... , i, 108-115, 119- 122; iii, 70,7~--;8

Fn.nked joint, i, 108 Freestones, ii, 89 Free2:ing lest, tiles, iii, 105 French marbles, ii, 97

roof lrun, ii, 1~7, 128 walnut, iii, ~4, 25

Frenchman, i, 29 Frieze, i, .9. So; ii. 107-112, 114 Frog, i, •• 31 Frost action, ii, 15,35.98, lOO, 101 Fruit bodies •• ii, '4- T6 Full_cen preser\'ing process, iii, 12, 13 Fungi, iii. u, 14

Gabbro, H, 85. 88 Gable "'';111, i, 41

G

Gaboon, iii, 20. 25, 70, 98 maholr"ny, iii, 20, 25, 70, 98

Galleted joints. i, 40 Galletin!!, iil, 114-118 Gal\'aniud corrugated iron sheet., i, 68-

70; iii. 12~ Gah';lni:r.ing, H. 45 Ganister brick.., ii, 16 Garden wall boncb, ii, 40, 49, 115 Gauge board. H, 76

cunin!!. i, 127 lines. ii, Ill, 128 marking, i. 127 mortise. i, 106, 127 panel, i, 106, 127 pantiling. Lii, 114

ubellos-cement, iii, I:U

GENERAL

Gauge-contd. plain liling, i, 140, I .p; ii, to6, 107. 109, .. , rod. i, 29, 31 Roman liling, iii, 118 shingles. iii, 129 .lating, i, 135, 136, 139, '40

asbestos_cement, iii, 121 stone, iii. 125

Spanish, iii, 118 stick, i, 132, 134 vertical tiling. iii •• 10

Gauged arches. i. 24-26 Gault bricks, ii, t

day, ii, I

Genera, timbers. iii, Geology, ii, 85, 87 General joiner, i, 107; iii, 30 Geometrical stairs, iii, 79, 8, Gibs and cotteu, i, 80, 81 Gilding melsl. iil, .03 Gimlet, i, 129 Girders. mild til(>tl, i, 59, 158, 159: iii,

3'-37 dtt~rmin.ation of sizes, iii, )4, 35

Glan, i, 110 bricks, ii, 19

partitions, iii. 48 panes, proponion, i, 110; iii, 68 paper, i •• 06, 129, '30; iii, 30

Glaud bricks. ii, 6, 16 d~rs, !!i. 66--;0 p.pes, 11, 74 tiles, ii, 66, 67

GIszinl!', i, 110; iii, 63. 66, 68. 76 bars, i, 108-11), liS, ,,6; iil, 63. 6., 66,

try, 74 beads, i, I 10. 112; iii, 63. 64, 66-68

Glue blocks. iii. 78, 83, 87 spreader, iii. 100

Glues, i, 86, 87: iii. 101, .02 Gluing, i, 10 •• 106, 116; iii, 66, 70, 7a, 87,

97, Q8, 100-10) Going. Sla;.,., Hi. 78. 7()-86, 93-96 Gouges, i, 36. 38, 128 Graded timber, iii, 31, 32, 35 Gta?in~ aggr~.$"ates, ii, 25, 29 Gram. '. 57; Ill, 4, 5, 17-24, 38, 97-100,

'02, 126 coarse, i. 58; iii, 5, 19 comb. iii, 4-7, 22, 38, lOO, 126 erou. iii, 97, Q8, 100, 1001 curly, iii, 4. 5, 20 diagonal, iii, 4 edge, iil. 4-7, 201, 38, 100, 126 end, i,.i ... 4 even, lLI, 4 fine, iii, 5 flat, iii, 4, 5, 7. 014, 126 interlocking, iii, 4, 5. 17, 19-24

INDE X Grain-contd.

irr~gular, iii, 4, 5, '9-0101 quartet, iii, 1-7, aa, )8, 100, 126 thon, iii, 4 .,l\,er, i, 57: iii, 4, 5, 012 .Iash, iii, 4, S. 17, a4, 126 spiral, iii, 4, 17. 18 lilraillht, iii, ., 5, 17-:24, 126 unt,,"~n, iii, 4 vertical, W, 4--;, a2, 38, 100, l a6 wavy, iii. 4, 5. 17, 20-:24

Granites, i. 33: H, 85-89, 93,101, 105 b.otite, ii. 86 composition, ii. 88 distribution, ii, 86, 93 hornblende, ii, 85, 86

biotite, ii, 86 muscovite, ii, 86

biotite, ii, 86 polIshing, ii, 105

Granny bonnet h1p tiles, i, 14'; iii, 108, 109 Granolithic finish, ii, 60 Granulated cork. iil, 48, 51, 70 Gravel. ii, 29, 87 Gra\'ity nw, il. loa Great maple, ili, 5, 23, 25, 70, 98, tal Grecian marbles, ii, 97 Gr«nheart, ii i, 20, 25 Gr~enstone, ii, 88 Grey fir, iii, 17.25, )8 Grcywood, Indian slt.'er, iii, 20, as, 70, 98 Grinding machine, iii, 30, 31

miUs, ii , 201

Grindstone. i, 130; ii , 31 Grips. iii, 58 Griutones, ii, 88"""'9t Griuling, ii, 14 Grog, ii. 3, ,6, 74 Groo,"~d bricks, ii, 46 Groo\'ing. iii. 28-30

head. iii, 019 Ground floor, i, 59-65

off saw, iii , z6, 27 Grounds, i, 100, la. Grout, i, 01, 21. 31. 43. 47, 49, 5l, 87 GrO"'1h rings, i, SS, 57-60; iii, I, ., 5, 17-

a., 126 Guarea, iii, lO, as

black, iii, ao, 25 Icemed, iii, 20, 25 white, iii, 20, 25

Gudgeon hooks. i, 9a Guillotine. iii, 100 Guisel~y stone, ii. 87, 90, 93 Gullet, nw, iH, 24 Gulleting, uw blade •• Hi. 30 Gullies, ii, 72, 74, 82, 84 Gum, iii , 2, a l Gun-stock .tile, iii, 68 Gurjun, iii, Oi l , 25. 38

G ..... ell. ii, 121-11:8 Gutter bearers, i. 72, 81. 146 Gutters. i. 72, 81, 145, 146, 150, 151; Hi.

106. tlO, 116, 118, 132 Gypsum, ii, 012

Habla Kiln, H, 8 Hacks. ii, 5,6

H

Hair feh, iii, 40, 49. SI Half batl. i. 4. 10

lsppedjoints, i, 61, 74 newel, iii , 88 round h.p tiles, i, '37, 139; iii, 109, 116-.. ,

ridge liles, i, 137, 139. '41 ; ii, 123, uS; ii i. 107. 109. 112, 113, 118, 120, 121, ,,6

space landings. ii, 118 ; iii, 79.80,88.90. 9J

turn stai.,., iii. 79, 80, h"""'95 Hall-ed joints, i, ,08 Hammer-headed key tenoned joint, iil, 66, 70 H ammers, i. 29. 36. 38, 129. ')4 Hand board, i, 29

drelsed stone. i, 35-38, 41,-4-5 float. ji, )6, 60 made bricks, i, I , Z, 4, )1; ii, 3-5, I). 15.

6, moulded tiles, iii, 1 0~-106, 110, 11:2, 116 trenching. iii, 84

Handrail punch, iii, 72 screw bolts, iii, 66, 72

Handra.ls, iii, 78, 84. 85. 88-96 Handserew, i. 130 Hangers, i, 72, 74; ii, 1018; iii, 52 Han,lling doors, i, 88, 92, 91, 98, 103 Hard COte. ii, 60

maple, iii. 5, 22, as. 38, 40, 101 Hardware, door, i, 88-t05

windo,",'. i, "1 , 116-1 2a Hardwood margin, i, 65 Hardwoods, i, 59, 60: iii, 1-5, 19-25

characteristics and uses, i, 60; iii, 19-a~ class ification, i. S9. 60; iii, f, 17. 19-".

Aceta mah.ogany, iH, 5, 21, 25,70, 100 African ebony, iii, 20, 015

mahogany, i, 6o:iii, 5, 2 1, 25, 70,100 ola-'e, iii. JI), 25 teak, i, 60; iii, JlI, 2S, 38 walnul, iii, 24, 25

alder , iii, 70 American ash. iii, 19, 25, 70

beech, iii. IQ. 25. 38, S6, 70, 9iI "irch, iii, 20, 25, 36 black walnul, iii. 24, as chestnut, iii, 20, 25 lime. iii, 19. 25 red oak, i, 60; iil, 22, as, 38 white oak, i, 60; W, n, 25, 38

Hardwood.- contd. claSliifical;on-<»I\td.

American whitewood, ili, 14. as Andaman padauk, lii, 5. al . 25 apilong, iii, ::11, as. J8 appayi., W, IQ. 2S. 98 ash, Hi, 1 , 17. 19.23. 2.5. 38, 40, 70

Amuian, iil, IQ. :IS. 70 EngliJh, iii. 19, :IS, 70 Japan«e. iil , 19.25 mountain, iii, 13 . 25. J8

Australian blackwood, iii, s. 20, 15 walnut, iil, :1.4 . 2S . 101

Austrian oak, iii, :n, 15. avodiri. iii, 19. 2S . 98 ba].-, ili, 19. 25 bauwood., iH, 19. l S baywood, Ill . S. 11, 25. 70, 911 beech, iii, 1-5. 19,25. 38, 56, 70, 98

Amerkan, iii, 19. 25 . 38, 56, 70, 98 South land, ili, 19. 25

Bcnin mahogany, iii, s. 11 , 1S. 70, 100 walnut, iii, 24. 15

birch, i, 60; ili, I, 4, S. 19.10, 1S. 36, ]8,4°,70,98, 101

American, iil, 10, 1S. 36 blRck, iii, 10, 2S. ~6 Canadian yellow, .H, ZO, 15, J6 curly, iii, 1? 25 •. ~~ European, 1, 60; 111, 19. 15. 98 Queh<><:, i ii , 20, 25, 36 yellow, iii, 20, 2 S, 36

bird 's-eye maple, iii, S, 22, 2S, 38,-40, 101 black bean, iii, s. 19, 25. 70, 100

birch, iii, 20, 25, 36 guarea, iii, 20. 25 Sea walnut, iii, 24, 2S walnut, American, iii, 2-4, 25

blackwood, AUlItno.lian, Hi, S, 20, 2S Bombay, iii, 23, 25

blister maple, iii, S, 22 , 25 , 38. 40, 101 Bombay blackwood, iii, 2~ , 25 British. Honduru cedar, ili, 20, 2S brown oak, iii, 22, 2S Burma padauk, iil, 2J, 2S Canadian yellow birch, iH, 20, 25, 36 canary whitewood. iii , 24. 25 Cape Lope;!; mah.ogany, iH, S, 21, 25,

70 ,100 cedar, British. H onduru. iii, 20, 25

Centnll American, Hi, 20, 25 cigllr-box, iii, 20. as Mexican, iii, aa, as Nicaraguan. iii, ao, as Trinidad. W, ao. as Wut Indian. ili, ao. 25

Central American cedar, ili, 20, as mahogany, i, 60; Hi. S. 21, 25, 70, 98

cherry mahogllny, iii, 22, as chestnut. American, iii. 20, as

Hardwoods- contd, dauification-contd,

GENERAL

chestnut, Spanish, iii. ao, 25 sweet, W, S, 20, a5

chuglum. white, iii, ao, as, 70, 9B cigar-box cedar, Hi. ao, 2S Circassian ,,,.alnut, iii. 24, 2S Cuban mahogany, i, 60; iii, 5, ai, 25.

70,98 curly birch, iii, 20, 2S. 36

maple, iii . S, :n, 25 . 38. 40, 101 Duala mahogany. iii, 5'. 2t, 25, 70, 100 durmast oak, iii, 22, 25 Dutch elm, iii, 20, 2S East African olive, iii. 23. 25

Indian ~tinwood. iii . S, 23. 2S, 98 walnut, iii, H, 25

ebony, Ill , 20, 25 African, iii. 20, 25 MacaUIT, iii, 20. 25

elm, i, 60; iii. 2, 5. '7. 20, 25. 126 Dutch, iii, 20, 25 English, iii, 20. 25, 1.26 wbte. iii. 20, 25 W)'ch, iii, 20, :IS

eng, iii, 20, 2S English, ash, iii, '9, as. 70

elm, iii, 20, 2S, 126 oak, i, 60; iii, 22, 2S, 38, 40, 70, 126 walnut, iii. 24. 2S,

Euro""an birch, i, 60; iii, 19, 25,98 walnut, iii, 24, 25

fiddle-back maple, iii, 5, 22, 2S, 38. 40, '0'

flowen:d P linwood, iii, S, a) , 2S. 9B Fn:nch walnut, iii , 24, 25 gaboon, iii, 20. 2S , 70, 98

mahogany, iii, 20, 25, 70, 98 great maple, iii . S, 23. 2S, 70, 98, 101 gr«nhellrt , iii, 20, 2S grey fir . iii, 17,25,38 greywood, Indian silver, iii, 20. 25 ,70, 9B guarea, iii. 20, 25

black, iii, 20, 25 scented, iii, 20. as white. iii, :10, 25

gurjun, iii, 21 , 25 , 38 hard maple, lii. S, 22, 25, 38, 40, 101 Honduras mahogany, i, 60; iii, 5, 21,

25, 70, 98 rosewood, iii, 23, 25

hornbeam, iii, 21, 25 In, iii, 20, 25 Indian laurel, iii, S, 21, 25, 70

rosewood, iii, 23. 2S silver greywood, iii, 20, 25, 70. 98

iroko, iii, 21, 25 Italian walnut. iii, 24 , 25 Jamaican mahogany. iii. S. 21. 25, 70, 98

satinwood, iii, 23, 25, 98

INDE X Hardwoodl- contd,

c1l1sification--contd. Japanese ash, iii, 19, 25

oak, i, 60; iii, 22, 25, 38 jurah, iii, 21, :15, J8 kanyin, iii. 21, 2S, 38 karri , iii, 21,:15 keruing, iii. 21, 25, 38 kokko, iii , 21, 25 Lagos mahogany, iii, 5. :U, 25. 70,100 lauan, red, iii, ai , 25

white, iii, ai, 25 laurel, Indian. iii, 5, 21, 25, 70 'iillum vitR, iii, 21, as lime, iii, '9, 21, 25

American, iii, 19, as Macas~r ebony, iii, 20, 25 mahogany, i, 60, 98; Hi, I, 2, 5, :10, ai,

as, 70, 98, 100 Accra, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70, 100 African, i, 60; iii. S, 21, llS. 70, 100 Bcnin, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70,100 Ca"" Lopez, iii. 5.2 1, 2 5,70,100 Central American, i, 60; iii, 5, 21, 25,

70 ,98 cherry, iii, 22, 25 Cuban, i, 60; iii, 5, 21, 25, 70, 98 Du.la, iii, S. 21, 2S, 70, 100 gaboon, iii, :10, 25, 70, 98 Honduras, i, 60; iii, 5, :11, 25. 70, 98 Jamaican, iii , 5, 21, 25, 70, 98 Lagos, iii, S. ai , 25, 70, 100 Porto Rico, iii , 5, 21 , 25, 70, 98 sa""le, iii, 5, a3, :IS, 98 Spanish, i. 60; iii, S, 21, 25, 70, 9B \Vest Indian, iii, 5, ZI , 25, 70, 98

makon!, iii , 22, 2S maple, i, 60, 62, 65; iii, 5, 2a, 2J, 25,

38,40,70. Q8, 101 bird'S-e)'e, iii , 5, 22, :15, J8, +0, 101 blister, iii, 5, Z:I, 25 , 38, 40, 101 curly, iii, S, 22. llS, J8, 40, 101 fiddle-back, iii, 5, H, as, J8, 40, 101 gn:at. iii , S, 23. 25, 70, 98, 101 hard, iii, 5, H, 25, J8, -40, 101 Queensland. iii, 5, :12, 25. 101 rock, i, 60; iii, 5, u, 25, 38,40, 101 sugar, iii, 5, 22, 25, J8, 40, 101 white. iii, S. 22, 25, 38. 40, 101

me ... n!i, red, iii, :12, 25 white, iii . 22, as yellow, iii. 22, 25

Mexican cedar, iii, ao, 25 mountain uh, iii, 23, llS, 38 m\'ule, iii, :11, 25 Nicaraguan cedar. iii, 20, 25 Nigerian walnut, iii, 24, 25 oak, i, 60, 6:1, 65, 86, 98, loS, 116;

iii, 1-5, 16, 17, 22, llJ, 25, 38. 40,98. 101, 126

Hardwood.-contd. c1l1sificatlon-contd.

oak-contd, American n:d, i, 60; iii, u, 25. 38

white, i. 60; iii, 22, as, J8 Austrian, i, 60; iil, 22, 25 brown, iii, aa, 25 durmlll, Hi, aa. 25 Engli.h, i, 60; iii, :U, .:IS, 38. 40, 70, ,,' Japanese, i, 60; iii, 22, 2S. 38 pedunculate. iii, 22, 25 Polish, iil, aa, 25 Russian, i, 60; iii, 21, 2S $Cnile, iii, 22, .:15 silky. iii, aa, as Tumanian, W, 23, as . 38 ViClorian, Hi, 2), ':15, 38 wainscot, i, 60; iii, 21, as

obeche, iii , 2), 25 odum, iii, 21, 2S okoum~, iii, 20, 25. 70, 98, olive. East African, ili, 2), 25 olon, iii, 19,25,98 padauk, Andaman, iii, 5, .:13, 25

Burma, W, 23, 2S ""duncu[ale oak, iii, 21, as plane, iii, 5, 23, 2S, 70, 98, 101 Polish oak, iii, 21, 25 Porta Rico mahogany, iii, 5, :11, :IS. 70,

98 Pyinkado, iii, 23. as , 38 Quebec birch, Hi, 20. 25. 36 Queensland maple, iii, 5, 22, 25, 101

WlIlnut, Hi, 24, 2S. 102 red lauan, iii, 21, a5

merantl , iil. 22, 25 oak, AmelIcan, i, 60; iii. 22, 25, 38 seMlya, Hi, 23 , 25. 38

Rhode,ian teak, iii. 5, 24, :IS, )8 rock maple, i, 60; iii, 5,21,25,38, +0,

'0' rosewood, Honduras, iii, 23, 2S

Indian, iH. 23, 25 Runiln oak, i, 60; iii, aa, 25 upele, IH , S. :I), 25 , 9B

mahogany, Hi, S, :&3, 25, Q8 Plinwood, East Indian, iii, 5, .:13, :&5, 98

flowered , iii, 5, 2), 25, 98 Jamaica. iii , :I~, 25 , 98 Welt Indian, lii, 2J, as, 98

scenIC';; guarea, iii, 20, 2j -.c"ya, red, iii, 23 • .:IS, 3

white, iii, 23, 25, 38 scssile oak, iii, 2.:1, 25 si[kwood, iH, S, 22, 25, 101 si lky oak, iii, 22. 25 .ilveTllreywood, lndian,iii,ao, :15,70,98 Southland betch, iii, 19. 25 Spanish chestnut, iii, 20, 25

Hardwoods-contd. c1ani fication----conld,

Spanish mahogany, i, 60: iii, S,:U, liS, 70,98

5UIr'4r Jrulple, iii, S, U, liS, 38, ~o, 101 aweet chestnut, iii, S, lilO, 'liS aycamo~e, iii, S, 1I3, liS, 70, 98, 101 Tasmanian myrtle, iii, n, liS

OlIk, iii, 23, liS, )8 teak, i, 60, 65,108,116: iii, S, 1I1, 2),

liS , H, )8, 116 Af~ican, i, 60: Hi, 11, liS, 38 Rhodesian, iii, 5, 1I4. liS, 38

Trinidad cedar. Hi, 10, liS Victorian OlIk, iii, lIJ, liS, J8 wainscot oak. i, 60: iii, :n, liS walnul, iii, 17, 1I1, 1I4, liS, 40, 70, Qi, 102

African, iii, 24. liS Aznuican black, iii, 1I~. liS Auslralian, iii. 1I4, liS, lOll

Benin, iii, 1I4-. 25 Black Sea, iii , 1I4, 'liS Circa~5ian, Hi, 1I4, 15 East Indian. iii, 1I1. liS English, iii, 1I4, 25 European, iii, 1I4, liS French, iii. 1I4. liS italian, iii. 1I4. liS r\'igerian, ill, 1I4, liS Queen.land. iii, 24. liS , lOll

\\'est Indian cedar. iii, lilO, 25 mahogany, Hi, S. 1I1, liS, 70, 98 satinwood. iii. 23, 25. 98

white cnUlllam, iii, lilO, liS, 70, 98 dm. iii , 1I0. liS guarca. iii, 1I0. 25 lauan, iii, 21, 25 maple. iii, 5, u. 25, J8, 40, 101 mel'lilmi, iii, 21, 'liS oak, Amuican. i, 60: iii, 1I11, 15,38 sel'lilya, iii, 23, 15, 38

whitewood. American, iii. 2~, liS canary. iii. Z4, liS

wych elm, iii, 20. 15 yang. iii, 1I1. 25. 38 yellow birch, iii, 1I0. 25, 36

mel'lilnli, iii, 22, 25 identification, iii, 4 sources, i, 60: iii, I, 19, 2~ structure, i, 55: iii, 1I-4

Hassell's joint, ii, 76 Hatched liles, iii, 105 Hatchet bit, i, 157 Haunch, i. 211, 66, 86 Hllunch.,d. mortice and tenon joint. i, 86,

92, 100, 108, 116 Haunching, i, 87 Hawk, i, 1I9 Huder, i, ), 7. 10, 17, 19, 39 Heading bond, i, 7: ii, ...

GENERAL Heading joint, i, 64 Head-nailed. alatinll, i, 77.135. 138,139 Headroom. stair.. iii, 78, 80, 8~, 93, 95 Headstock, iii, )0 Heart shakel. i, 58; iii, 18, 10 Heartha, i, 611-64, 67, 68: ii, 66, 67 Hurting, ii, I) Heartwood. i, 55: Hi. 1I Helicoidal wire .... wing plant, ii, 10S Hemlock. western, iii, 17, as.)8 Herringbone bond, ii, ~8, 62

pattern, iii, 38 Itnltting, i, 66, 68. 70

Hcworth Bum ItOnC, ii, 87, 90, 93, 96 Hinlles. butt, i, 94, 98. 103. I II

"tension, i, Ill; iii, 74, 76, 77 Ikew butt, i, 103 SII1lP, i, 91 t~, i, 88-911

H,ps, i, 6<), 73, 74,1)7,141; iii, 106, 108, 109, •• 6, '18, 126, '1I9, 13a, 13~

angulu, i, 1)7, 141: iii, 108, 109 bonnet, i, 141; iH, 108, 109 cone, iii, 109, 116, 1:1.0 copper, iii, 132 cutandmitrw,i, 137, 139: iii, 109, la6, 119 jl:rann)', i, 141: iii, 108, 109 naif-round, i, 137, 139 ; iii , '09, 116-118 lead, i, '37, 139, 148; ii i, 119 purpose-made, i, 141 ; iii, loS, 109

Hoffman kiln, ii, 9, 10, 19 Hog·back ridge , i, 137, I 3g-141; iii, 108, 109 Hoist, concrete, ii, 35 Holde~bats, i, 154 Holdfast, i, '30 Holding do .... n dips, iii , 1)3 Holing slates, i, '33, 134

liles. iii, 104, 120 Hollington Sione, ii, 87, 90, 93, 9li Hollow bed joint, i, 47

bricks, ii, 17-19 chisel, iii, :1.g-31 ground saw, iii, 16, 30

Homework prOllrammea, i, 160, 16t: ii, IZq; iii, 1)5

Iheet, i, 113, 115 Honduras mahogany, i,60 ; iii, 5, 1I1 , 2S, 70, 98

rosewood, iii, :13, liS Honeycomb alates, iii, In Honeycombin,ll, iH, 8 Hood mould, ii, 51 Hook bolts, iii, 122, 1Z4

11100', iii, 24, 3' Hoop iron bond, ii, ~6 Hopton-wood marble, ii, 87, 911--96 Horiwnlal dl'lilughl kiln, ii, 6

lo~ band mill, iii, 6 frame sa""ing machine, iii, 6

sliding sashes, i, IU Hornbeam, iii, ai, :15

IN 0 EX Hornblende, ii, 85, 86 Horns, i, 66, 86, 87, 106, 108, 116 Hornton stone, ii, 9:1, 93 HOl'1le, iii, 10~ Hot.~d·cold st~ping preserving procnl,

Ill, I)

dip procna, ii, ~S floor drying, ii, 5 pat test, ii, 2~ steeping preserving proces.s, Hi, 14

Housed join", i, 61, 66, "4, 114 : iii, 'lI9, ~;r., H, 83, 87, 88, 95, Q6

strings, iii, 80, 8)-91, 93--Q6 Hunziker bricks, ii, 17 Hydrated lime, ii, lilO, 21, 17

mortar, ii , 1I7 Hydl'liltion, ii, :14 Hydl1ltor, ii, 21 H ydl1lulic lime, ii, :10, :1.1

mortar, ii, 26 test, ii, 78

Hypabysnl rocks, ii, 88 Hyph<r, iii, 14- 16

Identification, limber, iii, ~ Igneous rocks, I, 3): ii, 85, 86, 88 Impost , i, 1I3 In, iii, :10, :15 Inbands, i, 47, 119 Indents, i, ~ Independent ceiling, iii, 49 Indian laurel, iil, 5, 1I1, 25, 70

rosewond, iii, 23, liS silver gr"ywood. iii, ZO, liS, 70, q8

Inner beads, i, 113- 116, 11g-1211 lininj{$, i, 113- 115, .17

Inspection chambers, ii, 78, 80, 81, 8~ Insula ting materills, iii, 40, 48-5 t, 10) Insulation, ii, ~3 InBulite, iii, 49 Interceptinll chambers, ii, 78, 79, 81, 8a, 8~ Interceptors, ii, 73, 74, 79, 81, 81, 8~ Interlocking grain, iii , .. , 5, 17, Jg-:l~

sheet pilinll , iii, 60 tiles, iii, 120

Interm;lIent kilns, ii, 6, 19 Internal cheeking. iii, 8 Intersections, brick, i, 9, 10 Interties, iii, ~3-4S Intrados, i, n, 17 Irish marbles, ii, 96, 97

Ilates, ii, 97 Iroko, iii, lI', liS Ironmongery, See" Hardware " Iron spots, H, 14 Irregular grain, iH, 4, 5, Ig-n italian marblel, ii, 97

tiling, iii, 116, 118, 119 walnut, iii, :1.4, 25

Jack archei, i, 1I6 pine, iii, 18, 25

J

rafters, i, 69. 70, 73--75 Jamaican mahollany, iii, 5, 21, liS, 70, 98

satinwood, iii. 23, liS , Q8 Jamns, moulded, ii, 107

rebaled, 1, I), 14 and splayed, ii, 39 and stepped, ji, 39

square, i, 7,13 Japanese ash, Hi, 19, 25

oak, i, 60: iii, n, 'liS, 38 Jarrah, iii, 21, 'liS, )8 Jaune Lamartine marble, ii, 97 Jaw crusher, ii, n, 28 Jenny Lind polisher, ii, 10", u:>S Joggle joinu, i, ll, 49, 511: ii, 117 Joggled archei. 1, 47, 48 Joiner', 10011, i, 116-131 Joinery, i, 86-13 1; iii, 63-103

definitiOn, i, 86 Jointe r, i, 1I9, 31,):1. Jointing, i, 30-32, )5, 98: ii, 61, 6:1, 6~; iii,

28-30 veneers, iii. 100

Joints : bricltft'Orlt and ",aJOlt,y­

bed, i, 4, 23, 2~, 1I9, 31, 39, 40, 45 butt, i, 10, 511 chamfered, I, 38: ii, 107 channelled, ii, lOS, "3 continuous venial, i, 3, 4, 7,10,12, I) cram(l<'d, i, 52: ii, 115 dowell,ed, i, p Hush, I, 31; 11, 6:1 hollow bed. i, 47 joggle, i,ll, 49, SlI; ii, "7, ,,8 keyed, i, JlI masonry, I, sl ma""n's mine, i, ~7 plugged, i, sa project inll' i, )1,)1I rebated. i, SI, 52; ii, 115 recessed, i, 31 nlsticatcd, i, Sl saddle, i, 49 splayed rehated, ii, 115 stnlck, i, 31; ii,61

overhand, i, 31 tong,;,w, iii, 74, 75 ,'ee, I, 32, 511

Joints: carfUntry and joiMry-­barefaced tenon, i, 92; iii, 88, 90 bevel rebated, i, 116 bevelled haunched, i, 66, 7 .. hou~ed, i, 66; iii, 56

birdsmoulh, i, 72--74; iii, 5:1, 83, 88 bridle, i, 74, 78-80: iii, ~), 5:l bUll, i, 62, 64; iii, 36, 58, 93,130 chamfered, iil, 9:1., 93

Joints: wrpffllry (md join",y---<:ontd. closed mortice and tenon, i, 86 coggcd, i, 61, 72; i"~, 31, 35, 43 combed, iii, 70 cross-tongued, iii, 70, 72, 96 double abutment, i, 81

tenon, i, 87, 92; iii, 63, 68, 70 tongued, iii, 74, 75

dovetailed, iii, 70, 97 hah'ed, i, 72, 73; iii, S2 housed, i, 66, 74; iii, 52, 88 tenon, i, 116

dowelled, i, 86, 87, 92, 98, 104, 108; W, 66, 72, 88

draw-pinned, iii, 88, 90 slot mortice and tenon, i, 87

fishing, i, 73 forked tenon, i, !.6 gib. and cotters, i, 80, 81 half.lapped, i, 61, 74 halved, i, ,08 hammer-headed key tenoned, iii, 66, 70 handrail-screw bolted, iii, 66, 72 haunwed mortice and tenon, i, 86, 92, 100, 108, 116 heading, i, 64 housed, i. 61, 114, 124; iii, 29. 42, 52, 74,

83, 87, 88, 95, 96 lipped mitred, iii, 36 mitred, i, 47, 65, 76, 95, U4; ili, 36, 70, 96

and reb3ted, i, 124 morticed and tenoned, i, 86, 92, 98, 103,

106; iii, 66, 68 notched, i, 61, 66, 72, 74; iii, 52, 88 oblique tenon housed, i, 74, 79, 80

haunched tenon, iii, 88 morticed and tenon, iii, 52

pinned, i, 74, 86; iii, 66, 72 ploughed and tongued, i, 64, 114 rebated, i, 62, 64; iii, 58, 97

tongued and grooved, i, 64 scarfing, i, 73, 81 scribed, i, 76, 95, 107, 108, 110, u4 single abutment, i, 81 slot and tenon, iii, 43 splayed, i, 64: i"~, 84, 89

rebated, tongued and grooved, i, 64 scarf, Hi, SS, S6

_quare, butt, plain or shot, i, 62, 64 housed, i, 66

stub tenoned, i, 8" 94, 106; iii, 42, 43, 66,93,95

tongued and grooved, i, S2, 62, 67, 70, 88, U4; iii, 36, 40, 45, 47, 58, 63, 70, 72, 80, 83, 84, 87, 88, <)6, it4, ". grooved and beaded, i , 88, 89 and dovetailed, iii, 38, 39 and lip mitred, iii, 35, 36 and V-jointed, i, 76, 88, 89

GENERAL Joints: ,arpmtry andjQinery-1:Ontd.

tongued, grooved and mitred, iii, 3S, 36, 96, 97

tusk tenoned, i, 66, 67; iii, 88 twin tenoned, i, 103

Joints: ,oPf>D'­drips, iii, 131, 132 rolls, iii, 130-132 standing seams, iii, 130-132 welts, iii, 130-t32

Joints: drailt-cement, ii, 75, 77 bituminous, ii, 76, 77

Has...,ll's double-lined, ii, 76, 77 Joints: plumbing­

copper bit, i, 153 down-pipe, i, 15.01-drips, i, 1+4-146 eaves gutter, i, '53 laps, i, 1+4, 145 rolls, i, 144-146 welts, i, 145, 148 wiped, i, 152, 153, 155

Joints: zinc---drips, i"~, 131, 133

beaded, iil, '3', 133 welted, iii, 131, 133

flash.ings, iii, I 33 rolls, iii, 131-133

Joists, ceiling, i, 7z floor, i, 59, 61, 62, 65-68; iii, 31-35, 40,

4Z, 43, 52, 83, 88, 90 sizes, i, 59, 61; iii, 34, 35 trimming, i, 66

Jumpcn, i, 41 Junctions, drain pipe, ii, 72-'74

righ.t-angled, brick, i, 9, 10 squint, brick, ii, 36, 37

K

Kanyin, ii;, 21, 25, 38 Karri, iii, 21, 25 Kauri pine, iii, 5, 17, 25, 38 Keene's cement arris, i, Ill, 125 Kemnay granite, ii, 86, 93 Kentish rag, i, 43; ii, 87, 94 Kerridge stone, ii, 90, 93 Keruing, iii, 21, 25, 38 Key brick or stone, i, 22 Keyed, bricks, ii, 18

joint, i, 32 Kibblers, ii, 3 Kicking plate, iii, 70 Kieselguhr, ii, 6 Kiln drying schedules, iii, 10, 11

seasoning, i, 56; W, 9-12 Kilns, i, 1; ii, 6-11, 19, 20, 22; iii, Io-n. 100

continuous, ii, 6-10, 19 down-draugh.t, ii, 6, 74

INDEX Kilns---conld.

eXlemal fan compartment, iii, 10 forced draughl, iii, 10-12 Habla. ii, 8 Hoffman, ii, 9, 10, 19 horizontal draught, ii, 6 intermittent, ii, 6, 19 Manchester, ii, 7"'9 muffle, ii, 6 ... natural draught compartment, Ill, 11 Newcastle, ii, 6 overhead imemal fan oompanment, iii,

" progressive, iii, II, 100 rotary, ii, 22 score, ii, 6 Scotch, H, 6 semi-continuous, ii, 6 sunk-drawn, ii, 19 tunnel , ii, 10, 19; iii, 11 up-draught, ii, 6 2igzag, ii, 8

Kiln-white, ii, 7, 8, 14 King pOSI roof IfUSS, i, 76-81; iii, 54, 56, 62

roll, copper, iii, 132 Kite winders, iii, 80, 96 Knspped facing, i, 43, +4 Kneelers, i, 51 Knives,.i, '57 Knots, i, 58, 60; iii, 18, 19 KnOllS day, ii, I, 2, Kokko, iii, 21, 25 Korean pine, iii, 18, 25 Kraft pap'er, iii, 49

tape, ",, 100 Kyanizing preserving process, iii, 14

L

Laced valleys, i, 141; ii, 106, 1a6 Lacing courses, i, 43 Ladle, i, '57 Laggings, i, 85; iii, 60, 62 Lagos mahogany, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70,100 Laitance, ii, 60 Lake District masonry, i, 18, 39, +4, 4S

slates, ii, 87, 97 Laminated wood trusses, iii, 53, 54 Laminations, ii, '4; W, 10S L aminboards, iii, 45, 70, 93, 95, 103 Lancashire slates, i, 132-134 Lancet arch, ii, 52 Landing!!, iii, 78-80, 8z-84, 88, go, 93"'95

half_space, iii, 79, 80, 88, 90, 93 quarter-space, iii, 78-82, 93

Lap, i, 4,135,138-141,1+4,145; iii, 106, 112,114,118,122, IZ4, IZ5, 129

ubestos-cement pantiling, ili, 122 "Eyerite Bigsix " corrugated sheets,

iii, IU, 124

Lap---contd. asbesto~·cement slating, iii, 121, 122

standard corrugated sheets, iii, 124 " Tumall " Trafford tiles, Hi, 122

lead, i, 144, 145 pantiling, iii, 112, 114-116 plain tiling, i, '4'; iii, 106

vertical, i"~, 110 Roman tiling, iii, 118 Shingles, iii, 129 Slates, i, 135, 138-141 Spanish tiling, iii, 118 stone slating, iii, 125

Larches, iii, I, 17, 25, 56 Larrying i, 43 Latches, i, 88, 90, 98 Latex, iii, 41 Lathe, iii, 30, 98 Lath~, i, 68,136; iii, 31, 34, 3S, 43, 52, 83,

84,87, 88, 114, 129 Lauan, red, iii, 2T, 25

white, iii, 2', 25 Laurel. Indian, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70 Lavatory basins, ii, 84 Lazonby stone, ii, 87, 89, 9', 93 Lead aprons, i, 143, 148; iii, 112

buminK, i, 143, 152, '57 characteristics_ i, 142 covered cornices, i, 49, ISO, 15::; iii,I13 cupped wash",rs, iii, 124 damp proof course, i, 18 dowels, i, 108, ISO drips, i, 14-4-146 flashings, i, 143, 145, 146, ISO; iii, 116,

IZO, 129 flats, i, 70, 146 gutters, i, 81, '45. 146, 150 hips, i, 137, 139, 148; iii, 129 manufacture, i, 142 pipes, i, 145, 146, 154 pitch, i, 6Q plug, i, 52 ridges, i, '37, 148: iii, 109, 129 rolls, i, 144-146 saddle-piece, i, ISO soaken, i, 137, 143, '48, ISO: iii, IOQ,

110-112,126, 129 tacks, i, '+4, 145, 148 valleys, i, 137, 141, 148; iii. 110, 116, 12':) wedges, i, 143-146, 150 weights, i, 70, 142 welts, i, 145, 148 wool, i, 154

Lean lime, ;i, 20 Lean-to roof, i, 72 Le Chatelier apparatus, H, 24 Ledged and battened door, i, 87-90

braced and battened door, i, <)0, 91 Ledges, i. 87--<)2. Letter plate, i, 100, 10S

LeVlnto Rosso m arble, i i. 97 Le~'elling Wncrete, ii, 68 Levellers, i, 41 LeWIS bolts, 1;, Ill-US Lewisel, i, 5), 54 Liee board, i, 148 Lifting appliances, i, 53. 54 Lifts, iii, 58 Lightning cement , H, 25 Lightweight concrete, ii, 29: iii, 4$-47 Lignum vitre, ii i , 21 , as Lime, i, 2; ii, 19-:u; iii, '9 . 21 ,25

American, ii i , 19, 25 clllSinc:ation, H, 20, 21 composi tion, i i , 20

h)'dnted, ii , 20, 21, 27 hydnulic, i i, 20, :U kilns, ii. 19 mll{fluian, ii. 20, II man't, i, a,], 24. 29. ) 1, ) :1 , 40, 4). 45,

47.49,61, '37; ii, lIIS-l7. 45. 61 black, ; ,.-47; i,i.' 27. 61, ~~ compo, L, 2: 11, 27, 4 5: ill , "4 colour , ii, 27, 6, hydnted, ii, 7.7 hydnulic, ii, 26 m.gnnian, ii, :6 non.hr.draulic, ii, 26 pure, 11, zo IIrength, i i, 2S, 27 wDterproofed, i , ) 2 ; ii, 27

nodule., i i , 14 putty. i, 24. 53

Limu lonn, i, 33-)5. 43, 45; ii, 85, 8" 89, 9~-94, 96,101-105,107; Hi, 115, 127

chemical composition, ii, 96 c1 ... ification, H, 87, 91 defects, i, 39; ii, 97-101 distribution, ii, 91-<}4

Ancuter Brown Weather Bed, ii, 87, 91-<}4, 96

Free.tone, ii, 87, 91-94, 96 Ashburton, ii, 87, 9~, 93, 96 81th, i, 33, 38; ii , 44, 87, 91-96, tOl

Corngrit, H, 91, 93, 101 Conham Down, ii, 9~-94, 96, 101 Monk's Ps rk , ii, 87. 91-96. 101 St. Aldhelm 80", Ground, ii, 91-94,

96, 101 Beer, ii, 8" 91-94, 96, 101 Bladon , ii, 9a, 93 Clip.ham Big Pits Quarry, ii, 87, 9a-1}6

Old Qu.rry, ii , 8" 91-96 Cotawold District, ii, 89; ili, 115, 127 Hopton-Wood, ii, 87, 9a-<}6 Hornton, ii, 9a, 93 Kendsl , i, 45 Portland, i, 33-35, 39. 47, 49, 53; H,

87. 9a-96, Q8. lOO, 101 R.dford, ii, 87, 9a, 93. Q6

Limeltones~contd. distribulion--contd.

GENERAL

Weldon. ii. 8,. 91-94, 96 magnesian limestone., ii, 8" 9a-94,

06." Anslon, ii, 87, 9a-<}4, 96 Linby, ii, 87. 91, 93 Park Nook, ii, 87, 9a-<}4, 96

dressing, i, 35, 38; ii, 101- 105 fonnation, ii. 85 oolitic, ii, 87, 9a-96, 98, las ,helly, ii, 87. 92-96 "ructu..." li, 94. 95 testa, ii, 9')- 101

Limmer u plalt. ii, 54 Linby stone, ii . 87, 91, 93 Line and pins, i, 19, ) I

of n05ings, iii, 79, 80, 85. 86 Linen, timber, ii i, 45, 47 Linings, door, i , 100-102, 10S ; iii, 68, 69, 71

window, i, 111- 114 ; iii, 700-74 Linoleum , iii, 4 1 Lintels, brick, i, 20, 11 , 109, III

concre~e, i, ai , 22, I.~', 119 stone, 1, 10, 11, 47; Ill, 31 wood., i, 20, 21, 89, 9 1, 93, 99, 102, 105,

109, Ill, no Lip~d mitred joint, ii i, 36 L ips, iii, 57, 58 L iver stones. ii. 89 L10yd board, ii i, 49 Laading floor, ii , SS Loamy cl.y, ii, 1 Loch.rbriggs slone, H, 89, 91, 93, 96 Lock blocks. ii i, 68, 70, 71 Locks, mortice, i, 90-9~, 98-104; iii, 68

rim, i, 88, 9O-9a, 104, 105 dead, i, 88, 90 night latch, i, 98, 105

Lags, i, 56; iii . 5, 6, 98 Landon clay, ii, 2

sIOCk5, ii , a, 11 Long fifteens, iii, nS

fourteeN , Hi, uS nines, iii, 115 li:neenl, iii, 115 Ihirteens, iii, uS twelves. iii, las wip~u, iii, 115

Longitudin.l bond, ii, 48 Ihrinka~, iii, 7, 101

Langridge atone, ii , 87, 91, 93 Loo-boards, ii, 6 LooK-cut surface, plywood, iii, 100 Lower Persley gn.nite , H, 86, 93 Lugs, i, 154; iii, 76 Lumps, saw, iii, 17 Lune! marble, ii, 97 Lyctut powder_post beetle, ii i, 16, 17 Lye-byes, iH, 117

INDEX M

M«anar ebony, iii, ~o, 15 M.chine dressing, stone, i, 34, 35, 38; ii,

101-1 05 moulded liles, iii, 104, 105

Machines, apparJIUS and plant, i, I , 3, 34, 35, 6a, 104, 107, 130, IJ1, IJ4 ; ii, 1-5, 13-15, '7, 11-24, 31-)5, 54, 74, 100-105: iii, 5, 6, 27-3 1, 40, 46, 87, 97- 101, 104, 120, 111

u~"os·C('ment blending, iii , UI forming, iii, 111

'$phah felt , ii, 54 auger, ii, 3, IJ: iii, a9, 104-blnd·renwing, ii i, 6

nwin(r, W, 17, a8, 97, 100 barkinf[ lathe, iii, 98 bale~ box, .Ri, 34, 6 1

mixers. H, 34, 35 closed drum, ii. 35 cont inuous, ii, J5 tilling drum, ii, 34

beam laW, ii, 101 boring, iii, a9 brick, cut, :ng table,i, I; 11 , J, 4-

mould., i, I; ii, 3-5 prenes, i, I; ii, 3, 4, 17

eanting arm planer, ii, 101 central balching, ii, H chlKr mill, ii, a eirculars.aw bench, i, 34, 35, 107, 130, 132;

ii, loa, l03: i; i, a4, 16, 27, 30, 31 ,97, 100 carborundum, i, 35; ii, 10~, 10] diamond, i, 35, IJ1; ii, l oa, 103 laW mill, iii, 6

clip~r, iii, 100 combined 1011" and deal frame, iii, 6 compacting factor, ii , ) a compression tuting, ii, IS, 31 concrete, cent ral batching, ii, JS

hoilt, ii, 3S mixers, i, 3; H, 34, 3S . Iab moulding, iii, 46 tile mouldi",! iii , u~.

eron-CUIIIW, H, 101; Ill, 5 crusher, cone, ii , aa

jaw, ii , %1 , 18 roll., ii, 3; ii i, 1004-

kibblen, ii, 3 Slone, ii, ~ , 18

diamond saw, i, 35, 1)1 ; ii, 102 , 103 ditc poli.her, ii, 105 double-dimension saw bench, iii, )0 dovetailing, ii i, )0 dn.in pipe, ii, 74 duplex saw, ii, loa e~ runners, ii, a; iH, 104

dry pan, ii, 1 pin mill, ii, a wet pan, ii, a

Machine!l- contd-, four-hud planer. ii, 1004-frame saw, i, 34; ii, 101 frost resistance, ii, I S, 100 gencraljoiner, i, 107; iil. 30 glue-spreader. iii, 100 gravity, saw, ii, 10J grinding mills, ii, 2a grindstone, iii,)1 guillotine, iii, 100 helicoidal wire sawing, ii, 105 horizontal log band mill, iii, 6

log frame sawing, iii, 6 ,·eneer slicer, iii, Q8

hydrator, ii, al Jenny Lind polisher, ii, 104, 105 lathe, ii, 104 ; iii, ]0

barkinl{, iii , 98 Le Chatelier , ii, 24 mitreing, iii, 30 mortise chain CUller, iii,) .

hollow chisel grinder, iii, 31 monising, i, 10, : iii, a9-J I moulding, iii, 28-)0, [20 open-side planer, ii, 104 panel planing and thickneuing, i, 107;

iii, a8 ~elcr, iii , 98 ~ndulum, ii, 105 penneability, ii, 14, 9'il planing and malching, i,62, 104 ; iii, 19,30

and moulding, i, H; ii. 102, 1004-; Hi, ::t8-30

and surfacing, iii, 18-30 pneumatic dressing and dlrYing, i, 35;

ii, 105 polishing, ii, 104, 105 port.ble electric sander, i, 130

machine planer, iii, 40 press, cold, iii, 101, UI

hot, iii, 101 PUR mill, i, I ; li, 1, 3; iii, 104 rack feed &Sw bench; iii, 6 redproc.lling crolt-eut saw, iii, 5 rotary table press, i, I ; ii, 3. 4. 17

veneer cutter, i ii , Q8 router, iii, 19 rubbing bed, i, 35; ii, 1004-sand-pa~ring, i, 107; iii, 30

belt, ii i, JO cylinder, iii, 30 disc, iii, 30

and bobbin, iii, 30 drum, ;ii, 30

.harpening, iii, 30, 31 automatic CUller grinder, iil, 31

IIIW, iii, 30, 31 ,ingle-dimension I1W bench, Hi, 30 Ilate holing, i, 13), IJ4 .lump, ii, 31, 34

"

Mac:hinn-amtd. .pindle moulder, i, 107; iii, 29, 87 ate.m navvy, ii, ~, 2:1 aurface-planing Ilnd thickness;ng, i, 107;

iii, 28 IlIping, iii, 100 tempering mill, ii, ~ tenoning, i, '07; iii, 29 tensile testing, ii, 23 tower, com,;rc:ling, ii, JS uni~·ers.al woodworktr, i, 10']; iii, 30 venicallog band mill, iii, 6

Ipindle mouldinK, i, 107; iii, 2q, 87 veneer slicer, iii, 98

vibrators, ii, 35 Vieat, ii, 24 wash mill, ii, I, ZZ

wire-cuning table, tiles, Hi, 104 Machine trenching, iii, 84 Magnesian lime, ii, 21

limnlones, ii, 87, 92--9", 96, 98 monar, ii, a6 sandstones, ii, 88, 91--94, 96

Mlif\esite bricks, ii, 16 Magnesium silicoHuoride, iii, 12, 16 Magnetite, ii, 8s Mahogany, i, 60, 98; ,ii, I, 2, 5, 20, 21, as,

70,98, ,00 Ace ... , iii, 5, 21, 2S, 70, 100 African, i, 60; iii, S. 21, 2S, 70,100 Benin, iii, 5, :11, 25, 70, 100 Cape: Lope2, iii, 5, 21, 25, 70,100 Cenlral American, i, 60; iii, 5, 21, 2S, 70,

'" cherry, iii, 22, 15 Cuban, i, 60; iii, 5, ~I, 25, 70, 98 Duala, iii, 5, 11, 25, 70.100 gllhoon, iii, ~o, 2S, 70, 98 Honduras, i, 60; iii, S.:U, as, 70, 08 Jamaican, iii , 5, 21, 25, 70, 98 Lagos, iii, 5, H, 25, 70, 100 Pono Rico, iii, 5, 21. 2S. 70, 98 aapele, iii, 5, 2], 25, 98 S~anish, i, 60; iii, 5, 21, 25, 70, 98 \ est Indian, iii, S, 21, :IS, 70, 98

Makorl! iii, 22, ~5 Mallet, i, 129 Malm,ii, I

Manchester kiln, ii. 7--9 Manchurian pine, W, I B, 15 Mandril. i, 157 r.hnsfield Itone, ii , 87, 88, 91--94, 96 Manufacture, aerated cement, iii, 47

asbc:Alos-cement, iii, 111 blockboarJs, iii, 103 bricks, i, 1 , 2 : ii, ~- I ]. 16, 17 cement, i, 2; ii, ZZ, 25 concrete blocks, iii, 48

Illbs, iii, 46 tiles. iii, I~O

Manufacture---contd, copper sheetl, Hi, 129 cork tiles, iii, 40

GENERAL

drain pipn and traps, ii, 74 fibrous asphalt felt, ii, 504 laminboards, iii, 103 lime, ii, 19,21 linoleum, iii, 41 p3ntiles, iii, 11 ~ plain tilc:3, iii, 104, 105 plywood, iii, 98-103 rubber, sheet and tiles, iii, 41 zinc sheet., iii, 1]2

Maple, i, 60, 61, 65, W, 5, :n, 23, 15, 38, 40, 70, 98, 101

bird's-eye, iii, 5, 22, 15, 38, 40, 101 blisler, iii, 5, 12, 25. 38, 40, 101 eurly, iii, 5, zz, ~5, 38, 40, 101 fiddle_back, iii , 5, zz, 15 , 38, 40, 101 great, iii, 5, a3, 15, 70, 98, 101 hard, iii, 5, :n, 25, 38, 40, 101 Queensland, iii, 5, 12, 25, .01 rock, i, 6o: iii, 5, ZZ, 25, 38, 40, 101 sugar, iii, 5, 22, 15, 38, 40, 101 white, iii, 5, 22, 25, 38, 40, 101

Marbles, ii, 85, 87, 9", 97,101,104,110 Belgian, ii, 97 composition, ii, 96 Engli.h, ii, 87, 92, 94, 96 French, ii, 97 Grecian, ii, 97 Irish, ii, 96, 97 Italian, ii, 97 No ..... ,egian, ii, 97 pol.ish.i."g, ii, 104 Ita,r, H, 120 Swedish, ii, 97

Margin chisel. dnflcd, I , J8 fillet, iii, 93 slate, i, 136 atai r, iii, 79 templet, iii, 109 tile, iii, 10<]

Marking awl, i, ' 26 Marly clay, ii, I

Masonry, i, 33-504; ii, 85-118 classification, i, 39

uhlar, i, 39, 45-53; ii, IOS-116 flint, i, 39, 4], +4 Lake District, i, t8, 39, 44, 45 polygonal ...... llinp:, i, 39, -4], +4 rubble work, i, 34,30, 39-45; ii, 106, 116

random, i, 36, 39-41, 45 built to coursel, i, 39""41 uncoursed, i, 36, 39,40

squared, i, 36, 39, 41-43; ii, 106, '0'

buill to courses, i, 39, 42, 43 regul.r cour!(.ed, i, 36, 39, 41 - 43 uncoursed, i, 39,41-43;ii, 106, It6

INDEX Masonry-contd.

c1as$ification---contd. rubble work---contd.

square !necked, i, 39, 41-4]; ii, 106, ,,' consoles, ii, 108, 112, 113 comices, i, 35,49-51, ISO, 152 ; ii, 107-116 dressings to doors. i, 46-49; ii, 105-113

windows, i, 41, 41, 46-49; ii, 1I0-It3 spire, H, 99 Ilairs, ii, 117- 110 .teps, i, 46, 49; ii, 115-118

Mason's mitre, i, 47 tools, i, 29, 35. 36-38

Mau concrete, ii, 25, JS Mastic, i, 65, 70, B7, loS, ' 38, 146, 153 Match boarding, i, 87: iii, 29, 45, Sa, 54 Matrix, i, 2; ii, 25, 28 Medina cemcnt, ii, ~1 Medium texture, iii, 5, 19 Medulla, i, SS Medullary nYI, i, SS-57, 59,60; iii, a-S,

19-24 Medusa, H, 17 Meeting rails, i, 115- 117 Melting pot, i. 157 Memc:l fir, i, 60-62,70,78,108,1 16; iii, I,

2, 5, 18, ::115, )6, 38, 106, "0, III Mennli, red, iii, ::za, 25

white, iii, 31, 15 yellow, iii, ::za, 25

Mercuric chloride, iii, '1, '4, 16 M"u/iuJ lac,ymmll, iii, 14-16 Metal balustrades, ii, 115-120

faced plywood, iii, 102, 103 fastenin(!:$, ii, 99 panilions, iii, 48 windows, iii. 7t76-?8, 93--95

Metamorphic roe ,i, 33; ii, 85, 94, 96, 97 Mexican cedar, iii, 20, 2S Mica, i, )8: ii, 85 Micaceous sandSlonel, ii, 87, Sq, 90, 96 Microtome, iii, 4 Middle boards, iii, 53, 54

lamella, iii, 1 Middlewood stone, ii, 91, 93 Middling boards, iii , 57-59 Mild sled, angles, i, ::Ill, Ill, 158; ii, 121-

128; iii, 33. )4, 122-124 beams, i, 59, '58, 159; iii, J'-37, 51'1' bearing, base or IOle plates, ii, IIIZ- Ia bolts, i, ao, 73, 78, BI, 158; ili, 36, 52, 56 channc:ls, i, 15B deau, ii, 122- 11B; Hi, 36, 37 expanded metal, ili, J6 flat bars, i, U, 61, 158; ii, 1111, 1118; iii,

36,4),45, 47, 4B, 51, 84 gu5sets, H, 121- l a8 manufacture, i, 158 nuts, i, 80, 81,158,159

Mild steel----contd. platn, iii, 53, 56 purli"", ii, 111 - 12B; iii, lZa- 124 rivets, i, 159: ii, IZI-u8; iii, 34, 36 roof truues, ii, 1111 -128 ; iii, 504, 56, 12:1,

'" round bars. i, 11. 68, 138 shoes, ii, 1::za- lz8 shot, ii, 101, 105 square: bars, i, 158 S!rap', i, 73, 80, 8. tee bars, i, 158; ii, 121 washers, .i, 78, BI, 159, ii, 124 windows, iii, 74, 76-78, 93--95

M ining stOne, ii, 101 Mitre block, i, 10'], IJO

box, i, 1)0 joint, i, ~7, 65, 76, 95, '24; iii , 36, 70, 96 square, I , 126 templet, i, 130

Mitred doser, i, ", and rebated joint, i, 12"

Mitrcing, iii, ]0 machine, iii, 30

Mixes, concrete, ii, 18, 30, )1, ]4. 35, I" 6a Model bye-la",,,, i, IS, '7, 62, 66, 10 Modulus of section, iii, J2, 304, 35 Moisturec:ontent, i, 56; iii, 7-12, IS, 17,36,

100,101 detennination, iii, 10, I1 meters, iii, II

Moment of resistance, iii, 3~, ]4, 35 Monel metal, iii, 103 Monk bond, H, 49 Monk's Park stone, ii, 87, 9~--96. 101 Mop-stick nandnil, iii, 78, 95 Monar. See "Cement mortar" and

" Lime monar" fillets, i, ISO; iii, Ill, 114, 116, 126 fire-resistlnt. 11, 17 jointing and pointing, i, 31, ]~, 52-54;

ii, 61, 61, 64; iii, 10<), Ill, 112, 114. 116, liB, 120, 121, 1~5

Morticed and tenoned joints, i, 86, 92, 98, 103, 106: iii, 63, 66

Monise chain CUller, iii, 31 chisel, i, 106, 128 hollow chisel grinder, iii, 31 lock, i, 90--92 , 98-104; iii, 68

Monising, i,i, :19 machine, i, 107 ; iii, 19, 3'

Motorized machines, iii, 5 Monied figure, iii, S, 17, 19, 20, 12, 11 Moulded plywood, iii, 102 Moulding bricks, i, 1,1; ii, ]-S

drain pipes and traps, H, 74 machines, woodworking, iii, z8-)o tiles, iii, 104, 112

Mountain uh, iii, 13, 25, 38 pine, iii, IB, :IS

l\1uffity, iii, 125 Muffle kiln, ii, 6 Mullet, i, .06 Mullions. i. ,41 , ,.:1. 49, 108; iii. 7,., 75, 78 Multi-coloured brick~, i,:I; ii. 2, il, 13.61,

62,6,. ply boards, iii, ,.S. 98, 100

Muntins, i, 95, ' 03, '05-107; iii, 66, 6, Musco".te. ii, 86 Muluks, ii, •• ] M,·ule . iii, 21 , 25 Myctiiu,", iii. ',.-1 6

N

Nail punch, i, 65. IJO Nailinl/: boards. floor, i, 64. 6S

coppu dips. iii. 130 ludwork, i, 1,.3

do.., and oJM'n, i. 1,.3 Ihingles. ii i. 129 ,Ialinl/:. i. 'H, 1]5, 138; iii, '21, 125 tiling. i, 1,.1 ;i ii .lo6. I 10, Ill. 11,., 118, IU xinc rolls, iii, 1]3

Nails. i, 125, IJ4, '35, 138. 1,.1, 1,.3; iii, 106,110. Ill . "4, 118, Ill, '22, 125, '29, ' 30, 13:1. 133

composition, i. 'H ; ill . 106, Ill, 115 copp<:r, i, IJ4, ' 43; iii, 106, ill , I:lS,

129, 'JO CUI clasp. i, laS floo r brad., i. 65, ns galvanized wrought iron, i, IJ4; iii, 129.

'33 joiners' brads, i. 125 needle points, i. I2S panel pin •• i. 95, 125 '~ikes.' i, 125 WIre. I, US wrought, i, 11~ zinc. i. '34; iii, 133

Nllpoleon marble. ii. 97 Nalural bed. i, J8. J9; ii, 88, 97

drauxht compartment kiln, iii. 11 seuoning. i. 56; iii. 8, 9,

Neuchatcl asphalt, ii. 5,. New Brunswick spruce. i. 60, 62, 8a; iii, I,

,8, 25 Zealand kauri, iii. 5, '7, as, 38

NewellSllc kiln, ii, 6 Newels, iii, 30, 78. 79. 87--91, 93--<)7

caps, iii, 30. 78, 79. 88, 9 1, 9]--95 drops, iii. JO, 78, 79. 88, 91. 93---<)5

Newel atai.", iii, 79. 87---<)1, 93--<)7 Nibs. tile. i. 1,.0, '4 1; iH, 10 .... 105, 107,

11 0. 112,113. '20

Nicaraguan cedar. iii , 20, 25 pin", iii, 18, as, 38

N ick"d bricks, ii, .8 Nigerian walnut, ii i, a4 , 2S

GENERAL INDEX Nighl latch, i, 98 NogKing pi"c" •• iii, 42. "'3, 48 Non_hydraulic lime mortan, ii, a6

graded timber, iii. 32, 3 ... pr"ssure pr"..,n>'ing procc:ss, iii, 13. 14 slip st"ps. ii, I ao

Norfolk latch. i. 88, 89. 91 Norl!" Clai r marble. H, 97 North"rn pine, Se,," Red .... ood "

whitewood, S,..," \\'hi te .... ood " Nor .... ay fir. !kt" Redwood " Norwegian marbles, ii. 97 No,,, bar, iii. 98 Nosing, iii , 79. 82, 83. 85"'90, 92

lines. iii, 79. 84, 86 Notch boards. iii, 80. 97 Notch"d joints, i, 61. 66, 7:1, 74; iii, 52,88

o Oak, i, 60, 62, 65. 86, 98 .• 08. 116; iii, 1-5,

16, '7,22,a3, 25,38,,.0,98, 101, n6 Am,,';can. red, i, 60; iii. 22, 25, ]8

white, i, 60; iii, ll, 25, J8 Austrian, i. 60; iii, 22. 25 brown, iii, 22. 25 durmast, iii. 22, 25 English, i, 60; Hi. :n, as, J8, ,.0, 70, u6 Japan"..,. i, 60; iii, 22, 25, J8 JM'ndunculate. iii , 22. 25 Polish, iil, a2. "5 RUMian, i, 60; iii, 22, 25 ussil". iii, ll. 25 si lky, iii, 2a . 25 Tasmanian. iil. 23. a s. 38 Victorian, iii, 23, as, 38 wainscot, i, 60; iii, 22 . 25

Obe<;he, iii , 23, 25 Oblique "'non hous"d joint , i. 7,. , 79, 80

haunched tenoned joint, Hi, 88, 90 mortic:c:d and tenoned joinll, iii, 52

Odum, iii, ai, 25 Offs"ts, i, '7, 19.62 Oge" mould. i. 48-50, Q6, III Oil can. i. IJO

s""d residue glue. iii. 101 Itone. i. 1]0

Okoum";, iii. 20, 25. 70, 9B Old Roman tiling, iii, 11 6, 118 , 119 Olon, iii, 19, 25. Q8 O nys mubles, ii, 97 OOlit ic limutonel. ii, 87, 92""""96, 98. us O JM'n areas , ii. 58

balustrad"s, iii, 78. 80, 81. 88---<)1, 93"'97 I"ad ,·alkygutters. i, 1,.8, 1,.9; iii, 110, 129 mould, ii,,. aide plan"r, ii. 10,. &Iating, i, 137 &t rings, ii i, 80. 97 tank pr"..,rving procc:uu, ii i, 13. 14 ...... dl Itain, ii i. 79, 80, 93'"""95

Oregon pine, i. 60; iii, 2, 5, 17, 2S, 36, 40, 56,70,98. '0 1

Ornam"ntal bricks, ii, ,. copper roll, iii. 130

Ottawa r"d pine. iii, 18, 25. 71 whit" pin", iii, I. a,S, 18, 25

Outband.'l, i, ,.7. "9 OUler bead.'l, i. 1'9-UI

linings, i, 113-11 5; ii i, 70. 7J--,]S O\·erbwden. ii , 2, 101 Q,'"rflow tank. ii. 99 Oyerhand ~truck joint. i. 31 O,·er.h.ead imernal fan compartment kiln.

111,11 spindle mould"r. iii, a9

Ovenailing courtes. i, 20 Over tiles. iii. 116, 118- '20 0"010 mould, i, 48. 95. 96 OZi"TS, thatch, iii, 133

p

Pacific red cedar, iii. '7, 25. 126 Packing, saw. iii. 27 Padauk, Andaman. iii, 5. al , a5

Bunna, iii. 23. 25 Pad, insulating. iii, 51

stone, i, n. 73, 78; ii, na- n 8; iii, 31, 34,.52

saw, I , 127 Padlock, i, 88, 90, 91 Pag"', iii, 57 Pail do""tR, ii. 71 Pallets. i, 87. 100; H, 4. 5; iii, '04, 105 , no.

'" Panel mouldin~. i, 95---<)7; Iii. 63--69 bolcaion, i. 95. 98, 99, 102, 10S ; Ill.

64, 6() planted. i. 95--97; iii, 63. 65 solid or struck, i, 95--97. 102; iii , 63.

6, squa,"", i, 1)6; W, 67 l unk, i, 96. 97

planing and thicknusing machine, i, 'D?; iii, 28

saw, 1,10 .... 127 Pands, brick. ii, 62 Panelled doors, i, 94- 107; iii. 63--69

four, i, 96. 103- 107 manufactu,"" , i. 10",- 107 l ingle, i. 96--99 two. i, 96. 10l, 10J ; iii. 63, 6,.

Pan"lIing, iii. 7, "'3. 78, 90, 93, 95. loa, 103 Panels, flat , i, 95. 96. 105; iii. 67

raised and chamfered, i, 97 and Hat , i. 95, 96; iii. 69 sunk snd fidded . i. 95. 98

and moulded. i, 95 sunk, i. 97

Pan mill, H. a

Pantiles, i, 68--70; ii i, 56. 1l2, 114-' 17. ua, "3

asbestos-cement, iii, na, 123 manufaclUre, iii. 112, 121 siz"., iii. I 12, 112

Pantiling. i, 68--70; ii, 83; iii, SS, In. "4'-"7, 1l2, U3

abutments. iii, 116, 117 eaves, ii. 83; iii, "4, "5, n3 hips, iii, 116. t l7 ridg"s, ii i. 114. " 5, 117 valleys, iii, 116. 117 verges, Hi, 114. 117

Parapets, i, ,.6 ... 50. 51. 79, 145- ltl, ',.9. 150, 151;11,62. 63, 113- 115 ; 111, 116, "7, !l6

gulters, 1, ... 6. 81. '45-1,.7 Parenchyma. iii. 2-,. Parging. ii, 65 Paring chisd, i. 106, 128 Park Nook Slone. ii, 87. 92---<)", Q6 Parquetry, iii, 40

inlaid, Hi. 40 ordinary. ii i. ,.0 plated. iii. 40

Part ing b.,a<b. i. "3- 117; iii. 70, 7l-7S slips. i. 113- " 5, 117; iii. 7:1--']4

Pani lions, iii, 42-51. 5l , 8 ... , 90, 9). 101 asbestos-cement, iii. ",7, 48 brick-noIUlw, iii, 43 day block and brick, iii , ,.5 concrete block and slab, iii. " 5-",7, 90. 93 fram"d, iii. 4~-"5 glass brick, iii, ... 8 metal. iii. 48 piast"r slab. iii. 47, 93 sound-proofed. ill, ,.8-51 stoothed, iii. 42. 43, ,.8-p, 84, 88'"""90. 9.J. terra-colta block and brick. ii i, 4S tfUSSC'd, iil. 43- 45

Patching plrwood, iii, 100 Patina, iii, 1l9. 130 PaU"rn, ii i. 79. 84. 87 Pavings. ii. 17 Pavonaz~tto marble, ii, 97 Pavonazzo marble, ii, 97 Pediments. H, .07-t 09 Pedunculate oak, iii, aa, 25 P,..,ler, iii , 98 Peggi"" i, 133. 135. 136 Pegs, ii, 68, 75; iii. IlS Pencil-round"d, i, 95; iii , 66 Pendulum machine, ii. 105 P"nning, ii. 60 Percentag" porosity tnt. stone, ii. 99 P" rcolating filter, ii, 7' Perforated brick •. ii. 16. 18, 46 P"nnubil ilY, i. 17

ICSI, bri<.:U, ii, 14,99 til"', iii, 105, no

Perpends, i, 4, 29, 31, 135 Pericot stone, ii, 94 Peterhead granite, ii, 86, 93 Phenolic resins, iii, 101 Picking bed, ii, 101 Picture rails, i, 12], 125 Piers, i, 12, 13, 19,43,78; ii, 39, 40, 63, 64;

iii, 3'*, 54 foundations, i, 17

Pilaslers, i, I] Piling sticks, iii, 8, 10, 102

timber, iii, 8, 10, 11 Pillars, iii, 36 Pincers, i, 130 Pines, i, 60; iii, 1,2,5,18, 2S, 38, 56, 71, 84,

106, J 10, I11 Pinned joints, i, 74, 86, iii, 66, 72 Pins, ii, 68 Pipes, bend, ii, 72--'l4

channel, ii, 72--74, 80 junction, ii, 72--'l4 straight, ii, 72--'l4 taper, ii, 72, 73

P istol bricks, ii, 18 Pistolite, ii, 94 Pitch, ii, 54

board, i"~, 79, 84 corrugaled sheels, iii, 122-124 edge, iii, 84 pine, i, 60, 62, 65, 108, 116; iii, 2, 5. 18,

25, ]8, 56, 84 pockets, iii, 100 roofs, i, 69, 1]5, 141 ; W, 106, 11 4, 118,

121, 122, 125 rivels, ii, 121 stairs, iii, 79, 87 threads, i, 158

Pitching piece, iii, 88 tool, i, 36, 38

Pith, i, 35; iii, ] flecks, iii, 5, 19, 24

Pit sand, i, 2; ii, 26 Pits, iii, 2-4

bordered, iii, 2, 3 simple, iii, 2, 3, single, iii, 2, ]

Pivoted sashes, i, 119-122; iii, 60 Place bricks, ii, 14 Placing concrete, ii, 35 Plain-sawn timber, iii, 4--7, 126 Plain tiles, i, 140, 141;iii, 52, 104-114, 120

characteristics, iii, 105 hand-made, iii, 104-106 manufacture. iii, '04, 105

burning, iii, 104 drying, iii, 105 moulding, iii, 104, 105

hand, iii, 104 machine, Hi, 104, 10S

preparation of clay, i"~. 1<1.4

Plain tiles-contd, pressed, iii, 104, 105 sizes, i, I.p; iii, 105 lests, iii, 105, 120

GENERAL

freezing, iii, 105 permeability, iii, lOS, I ZO transverse, iii, 105, 120

texture, iii, 105 tiling, i, 68--70,140,141; H, 83; iii, 104-

"3 eaves, i, 140, 141; ii, 83; iii, 106, 107,

'" hips, i, '41; iii, loS, lOO} ridKc~, i, '40, '4'; ii;, ''''-'09, ,"" valleys, i, 141; iii, 108-110 verges, i, 141; iii, 111-11] vertical, iii , • • 0--1 I]

angles, iii, I ll, IIJ window openings, iii, 'l2, 113

wire_cut, iii, 104 Planc~r, iii, 79, 93 Plane, iii, 5, 2J, 25, 70, 98, 101 Planes, i, 128-IJI

bead, i, 128, 1]1 block, i, 128, 131 bullnose, i, 129 compass, i, 128 hollow and round, i, 128, 131 jack, i, '28, '3' metal smooth, i, 129, 131 moving and sash fillister, i, 128 plough, i, ,06, 128, 131 portable electric, i, '30 rebale, i, '28, IJI router, i, 128, 131 shoulder, i, 129 smoothing, i, lOO, 121!, 1]1 spokeshave, i, 128, 1]1 toothing, i, 129 tonguing and grooving, i, '29 trying, i, '04, .06, 128, 1]1

Planing, iii, 28-30, 40, 102 snd matching machines, i, 62, 104; iii,

29, ]0 and moulding machines, i, 35; ii, 102,

104; iii, 28-30 and surfacing machines, Hi, 18-]0 portable machine planer, iii, 40

Planks, i, 56; iii, s, 6, 24, 57 Plans, houses, i"~, 82, 85, 87, 89, 93, 94 Planted mould!, i, 95--97; iii, 6], 65 Plaster, i , 32, 68; iii, 31, ]4-36, 4], 46, 47,

54, 56, 63, 78, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 9J

slab partitions, iii, 47, 9] Plastic clay, ii, 2

wood, i, 124 Plate lock, i, 90

saw, iH, 6, 24-27, 30, 31, 97, 100 Platens, iii, 41,101, 111

IN D E X Plates, iii, 53, 56 Platforms, iii, 57 Plinth blocks, i, 122-124; iii, 66

bricks, i, 29; ii, 18 510ne, i, 35, 48, 411

Ploughed and tongued joints, i, 64, 114 Plugged joint, i, 52 Plugging, i, 72, 87, lOO, 124

chisel, i, 87, 128 plywood, iii, 100

Plumb-bob, i, 130 rule, i, 29, 31, 53

Plumbers' tools, i, 1$6, 157 Plumbing, i, '"4-"-'57

terms, i, 143 up, i,]1

Plutonic rocks, ii, 85 Plywood, i, 94, 95; iii, 36, 40, 41, 45, 49, 52,

68,70, 9J, 97-10] battenboards, iii, 103 blockboards, iii, 70, 10] COmPOSile boards, iii, T03 laminboards, iii, 45, 70, 9], 95, 103 manufacture, i, 9S; iii, 98-103

assembling sheets, iii, 100 cemenling, iii, 100, 10] conversion, iii, 98

horizontal cutting, iii, 98 rotary cutting, iii, 98 vertical slicing, ii;, 98, 100, 10Z

drying, iii, '00 finishing, iii, 102

planing, iii, 102 sanding, iii, 102 trimming, i"~, 102

~l~in,g, ii~!,IOO, 103 Jom!lng, Ill, 100 prepD:rati~~, of logs, i"~, 98 pressmg, Ill, 101-IOJ

cold, iii, 101-103 hOI, iii, 10 '-'03

re-d:r.'ng, .t,;.', loa repalrmg, Ill, 100 trimming, iii, 100, 102

metal -faced, iii, loa, 103 moulded, ii;, 102 sizel, boards, iii, 102, 10] uses, iii, 101, t03

Pneumatic dressing plant, i, 35; ii, 105 Pocket chisel, i, 128 P()cket8, i, "4 Pointed arches , ii, sa

centres, iii, 60, 6. Pointing, i, '3, 18,31, ]2, 87, '43, 146; ii,

61,62,64 baslard flick, i, 32 rule, i, 29 tuck, i, ]2

Pole plate, i, 8 1 Poling boards, i, 82, 83; Hi, 56-58

Polish fir, iii, t, z, S, 111,15,36,38, .06, 1I0, " ,

oak, iii, 22, 25 Polishing machines, ii, '04, t05 Polled facing, i, 43 Polygonal walling, i, 39, 43, 44 Pores, iii, 2-5, '9-2"4-Porosity, i, 17; ii, 14,99

test, ii, 911 Portable electric sander, i, 130

machine planer, iii, 40 power tools, i, 130

Portl.~!1d cements, i, 2; ii, 12-25, z8, 30--36, "', U'

stone, i, 33- ]5, 39, 47, 49, 53; ii, 87, 92-96, 98, lOO, 102

Porto Rico mahogany, iii, $, 21, 25, 70, 9S Powellizing preserving process, iii, 14 Precast steps, ii, 120 Preparation, clay tiles, iii, 104

doors, i, 88, 92, ' 04-I07 logs, iii, 98 timber, iii, Z4-30 stone, i, 34-38; ii, 101-10;;:

Preservation, timber, i, 57; . .',ii, IZ-15 non-pressure processes, Ill, 13, 14

steeping, iii, 13, 14 cold, iii, 14 hot, iii, '"4-hot-and-cold, iii, 13 Kyanizing, iii, '4 Powellizing, iii,. 14

pressure processes, I, 57: ",, '2, 13 Sethel, iii, 12, 13 mytne's, iii, I] Boucherie, ii;, 13 Bumettizing, iii, 13 creosoting, i, 57: iii, 12, 13

empty-cell, iii, 13 full-cell, iii, 12, 13

superficial, iii, '4 brush application, iii , 14 dipping, i!~! 14

ii, z, 3, I], 15, IS sprayIng, Ill, '4

Pressed bricks, i, I, 31 ; tiles, i"~, 104, 115

Pressure ~ar, iii, 98 preserVing processes, i, 57: ii;, u, 13

Priming, i, 87 Principal rafters, i, 76, 78-80; iii, 53, 5$, 56 Privy middens, ii, 71 Profile head, iii, 28 Profiles, ii, 68, 69 Progressive kiln, iii, ' I, 100 Projecting joints, i, 31, 32 Proportioning concrete, ii, 18, 30, 31, 57 Props, iii, 56, 57 Protected metal corrugated sheets, iii, 11 .... Pudlo, ii, 27 Pugging, iii, 48

Pug milia, i, I; ii, 1,); iii, I~ Pulley Stile, i, 11)-119; iii, 70, 71"'"'75 Pulleya, i, 113, 116-119; iii, 7)"'"'75 Puivinaled frien, H, 107 Pumi~, ii, 19 Pummel, ii, 35, 60 Pum:h, iii, I~ Puneheons. iii. 41. 51. 58 Pure lime, ii. :10 Purlins. i. 70, 7)--'79, 81; ii, 1:11-n8; iii,

5:1-56, 1:1:1-1:14 Purpose-lTUIde brick.. i, 4, :11. :I). :14; ji,

17-19 arches, i, :14-26 eaves din, iii. nl hip tilea, i. 141; iii, 108. 109 VlllIey liln. iii, 116, 121 verge tiles. iii, 116. 118, 110, 111

Putty. i. 110, 153; iii, 6), 66. 68. 76 lime. i, 14, 53 powder. H, 104. 105

Pyinkado, Hi. 1). 15. 38 Pyr ites. iii. 85 Pyrometers. ii, 11

Q

Quarrie., i. 33.)4; ii, 93, 94. 96, 101 Quarryina. i. 3), 34; ii, 101 Quarry-dressed IIone. i, 36. 39. 41, 43-45

sand, i. 1; H. 16 saP. i, 35; ii. 101 tiles, i, 18

Quaner gnin, iii. 4"'"'7, 11, 38. 100, n6 partilion., iii, 41, 4), 48, 49. SI, 5:1, 84,

88.90.9) sawn limber, i. 57; Hi. 4--'7. 11, 38, 100, ,,' space landinll'. ii, 118; iii, 78-8:1, 9)-<;15 turn stain, iii. 79, 8,

Qu.nerinll'. i. ~7 Quarten, See • Studs " QUSrt:l. ii, 85 Quartzite, ii, 97. 110 Quebec birch, iii. 10, 15, 36

red pine, iii. 18.15,71 .pruce. i. 60. 61. 81; iii. I. 18,15 white pine, iii, I, 1, 5,18,15 yellow pine, Hi, I . 1, 5, 18, 15

Queen dosers, i, 4-14 poIIt roof tru .. , Hi, 54-56 slalea, i, 133

Queensland huri, ii i , 17, 15 maple, iii, 5, 11, 15, 101 walnut. iii, 14, 15, 101

Quicklime, H, I, 10 Quirked besd, i, 115. n8 Quoins, i. 4,10-11,40,41.45. 4?; jj, )6,

38, )9, 61. 6)

GENERAL R

Rack feed pw bench, Hi, 6 Racking back. i, 4 Racks, i i, 5 RadIoed stone. ii. 87. 91. 93, 96 Radial hammering, iii. :17

shrinkage, iii, 7 Radius rods, ii, 51 ; iii, 60 Raf ten, common, i, 69-79, 81; ii, 121-115,

iii. 106. 107, 114, 115. 117, 119, nl. 1:16-119

hip. i. 609, 73-75, 1)7. 1)9 jack, i, 6<), 70, 73--'75 principal, i, 76, 78-80; iii, 53, ss, 56 valley, i,609, 70, I SI;iii. 108. 117

Rag bolts, ii, 111-118 Rails, i, 91-100, IOl-107; iii, 64--'71 Rain-water goods, i, 153-156; ii, 78. 81-84

asbestos·cement, i, 156 cast iron down-pipes, i. 153-156; H, 78,

81-84 bends. i, 154, ISS branches, i, 154, 155 head, i, 154, 'SS; ii, 8) holde rbats, i, 154, 155 joints, i. 154, ' 55 lugs, i, 154, 155 shoes. i. 154, ISS; ii, 8)

cast iron ea,'e! gutten, i, 139, 140, 15)-5 guttcr bolts, i, 153- ISS joints, i. 153-ISS outlets, i, 153, ISS stop ends, i, 153, 155 trough, i, '54 union dips, i, 153 wrought iron brade", i, '53, 155

enamelled iron, i. '56 Rake, saw, iii, 14. 31 Raking bonds, ii, 48, 49, 61

cover flashings, i, 143, I SO

Rammers, ii, 35, 60 Random rubble, i, 36, 39-41. 45

Ilate!, i, 133, 136. 139, 140 RllIlge_work, ii, ... Rapid-hardening cement, ii, l4, lS Rat-trap bond, ii, So; iii, I11 Rasps, i, I l9, 131. IS7 RaYI, i, SS-57, 59, 60; iii, l-S, 19-:1<4 R~b"ed jambs, i, '3, 14

and splayed jambs, ii, 39 and stepped jambs, ii, 39 joint, i, SI, 5l, 6l. 6<4; iil, 58, 97 tongued and grooved joint, i, 64

Rebating, iil, 18, )0 R eceSI, i, 13 Recessed joint, i, 31 R ecessing, i ii, 19

machine, iii. :19 Reciprocating cron-cut taW, iii, 5

IN D EX Red day. ii. I Red deal. See" Redwood "

lauan, iii, :11. lS m~I'".tnti, ,ii, ll. l5, oak, American, i, 60; iii, 1:1, 15, 38 P~terhe.d granite, 86, 93 pine, iii, 18. l5. 71 senya, iii, :13, lS, 38

Re_drying plywood boards, W, 101 Reducing atmosphere. ii, 13 Redwood, i, 60-6:1, 70, 78, 108, 116; iii, I,

l, 5, 18,15, 36, )8. 106, 110, 111 Reeds, iii, "4, 133 Remforced brickwork, " l.; ii, 45-48;

iii, 43, 45 lintels, i, l'; ii, 48 pillars, ii, 48 walls, ii, <45-47; iii, <4S

Reinforced concrete, i, 7, Il, ll, ll, 7l, "5, "9; ii, 18-30. 56, Tl7, 119, 110; iii, 36, 37, 39, 49

floors, ii, 56; iii, 36, 31, 39, 49 lintels, i, ll, :n, 115, 119 .tair, ii, 117, 11 9, 1:10

Rehforced "Glascrctc," iii, f8 plaster partitions, iii, <47

R~ndering, ii, 65, 80 Renl shingles, iii, 116 R~pairing plywood veneers, iii. 100 Re-pointinf!', i, )l Rere arch, li. SI, 53 Re-sawing, iii. 6 Resin, iii, l, 17, IS. 40, 41,101-103

bonded plywood, iii, 40, 10 ' -103 cements, i, g7; iii. 101-10) dUCIS, iii, 1, 4,:11

Retlinmg wal1. ii, 58 Reveals. i, 13 Rhodesian teak, iii, S. 14, l5, 38 Ribbon figure, iii, 5, 1I-1f Ribs, i, 84, 85; iii, 6o-6l, 66 Ridge courae, s lating, i, 1)6

tiling, i, 141; iii, 105-107 Ridges. i. 609. 71--'73, 79, 8., 137, 139-141.

148, 151; ii, IU- l l7; iii, 105, 1fY]-

109. ill-liS, 117, 118, no, n . , 113-1:15.1:17-119, '31, 13l, 1)4

copper covered, iii. 131, 13:1 hog_back. i, '37, 139-141; W, 107-109 half-round. i, 137, 139, 141; ii, 1:13, uS;

iii, 107, 109, I n, 11), 118, 1:10, 111, 1:16 lead covered, i. 148. 151; ii, 109 .hingle covered, iii, u8, 119 , late. i. '37, '39 .tone, i, ' 37, 139; iii, u s. 1:17 t hatched, iii, 1)4 under lil~s, iii. lOS, 10'], 109 vee-shaped, iii, 108. 109, 1:15

Rift -sawn timber, i, 57; iii. 4"'"'7. ll, )g. l OO, 116

Rim loclts. i, 88, 90""93, 104, 10S­de3d lock, i, 88. 90 latch, i. 90, 9 1 nighl latch, i, 98, 10S lpeed, saw, iii, l7

RinK. arch, i, 11 fences, iii, 19

Ripper, i, 1)4 RipPinll, ili, l04, :16, 30 Ripple marks, iii, 5, 11, :13, :IS, 30 Rip saw, i, 104, 106, Il7; iii, :14, :16, 30

machine, ii, 10:1 Rise, i. 33; iii, 79, 8+ Risen, i, 41; iii, lI9, 78, 79, 8l1-84, 8,. 90,

96,97 Rise r templet, iii, 79, 84 River land, i, 1; ii, 16 Rivets, i, 159; ii, lu-n8; iii, H,:l6 Riving knife, iii, :14 Roach bed, i, 33 Robertson protected metal sheets, ",, 114 Rock maple, i, 60; iii. S, 21, 35, 38.40. 10, Rocks, ii, 85- 97 Rod.!!, drain, ii, 80, 81

gauge, i, 31; ii, 70 settinJZ.oul, i, 104 Iteel, i,ll, 68,158; iii, 36, 43, 45, 47, 4S,

5l, 84 Roe figure, iil, 5, l', :I) Rol1s, copper, iii, 130, 131

h;ad, ~!.1"'-149 ZIDe, 111,131-13)

Roman cement, li, 1I tiles, iii, 116-118 tiling, iii, 116-118

double Roman, iii, 116, 118, 119' old Roman, iii, 116, 118, 119 IlnJZle Roman, iii, JlD, JIg, 1 19 '

Roof ballens, ~"Battens" boarding, See" Boarding, roo(" coverings, i, 68"'"'7 I, 131-151; iii, 104-1).

ubeSlos-cement corrugated sheeting. Hi, 11l-1:l4

pantiling, iii, Ill, 113 slatmlr, iii, UI-113

asphalt felt, i, 68-'71 Basilican tiling, iil, 116. "g, 119 copper, i, 68-'70; iii, 1:19-1)1 galvaniud corrugated iron sheering,

i, 68--'70; iii, IlI4 interlocking tiling, iii, 110 !laHan tiling, iii, 116, 118. 119 lead, i, 68--'70, 14:1-ISI panliling, i, 68"'"'70; ii, 83; iii, SS, I n.

114-117, I:Il, Il) plain,,~i1inll, i, 68"'"'70, 140. 141; ii, 83~

1l1,104- l ll venical, iii, 110-111

protected metal corrugated iron sheet­ing, iii, 1'lI4

I

Roof c~dngs~contd, Roman tiling, iil, 116, 1,~,8, shingles, i, 69, 70; LII,

'" .lating, i, 68-70,1):1-140 Spanish Or Sicilian tiling,

"0

n, 1:16,

ii i,

128,

118-

stone slating, i, 69. 70; iii, 124-1:17 thatching, i, 609, 70; iii, I)). 1)4 :linc, i. 68--'}o; iii, 1):1, I))

Roofs. i, 68-8.; ii, ul-u8; iii, SI-56 classification, timber, I, 70 close couple, i, 71, 7:1 cort~r, i, 72-75; iii, 52, 5) couple, i, 71, 72 double, i, 7)-,}6; ii" SI, 54

lean-to, i, 7:1 flat, i, 70-72, '46, 149; iii, 1)0--1)) lean-Io, i, 7:1 .ingle, i, 70'--'}) tenns, i, 68--'}o t riple, ,i, 76--8 1; iii, 54-~.~ truss, I, 70, 76, 78-8t; Ill, 54-56

king post, i, 76, 78-81 laminated w?:?<i, iii, 5), 54 queen post, Ill, 54-56 Sfet'!. ii. 12.-128: iii, 54, 56, I.~2, la)

Iklgian, French or Fink, 11, 127, ,,' Ro~ marble, ii. 97 Rosewood, Honduras, Hi, :I), :IS Rotary cutters, iii, :18, )0

table press, i, I; ii,), 4, 17 kiln, ii,:U ~'enee r cutter, iii, 98

Rouge marble, ii, 97 Rough bnckets, Hi, 78, 8), 85-87

carriages, iii, 78, So. 8), 85, 86 cutting conversion, iii, 98, 102, 10) picked walling, i, 43 relieving archea. i, 25, :16

RoughClllt, Hi, 53 Round top rc,ll, i"~, 1)0 Rou ter, plane, i, 128, 1)1 machin~, iii, a9

Rubber bricks, i, a3, a4; H, 16 floor covering, i"~, 41

manufactur~, iii, 4t .heet, iii, 41 til~s, iii, 41

Rubbing bed. i, )5; ii, 104 Rubble work. See" Masonry" Rubi. law, granite, ii, 86, 9) Rueping pres~rving process, Hi, 13 Rule., i, :IQ, u6, 157 Run, iii, 78, 79 Runcom stone, ii, 87, 88, 91, 9) Runners, i, 7a, 74; iii, 52, 58, 60 RUII;an oak, i, 60; iii, n . as Rusticated jointl, i, SI , 5:1

•

s Saddle boards, iii, u9

joint, i, 49 piece. lead, i, I So

Salt_,II:lunl. brickt, ii, 16 drain pipes, ii, 7 1--,}S, 78

11"111'1 , ii, 71--'}4, 81-84 $alting, ii, 74 Sample boards, iii, 10

GENERAL

Sand, i, 2, la, 45, 47; ii, 25-)6, 58, 87 blasting, ii, I ) bulkinlf, ii, )0 colour, ii, 27 faced bricks, i, la; ii, 4,12,13 gnding, ii, :IS, 28, a9 holes, i, 39 lime brick$, i, I: H, t5, '7 mixing, ii, 34, )5 moulding, ii, 4, n paper, i, n9, 1)0; Hi, 30 papering, i, 106, 107, l a9, 1)0; iii. 30, 40

machines, i, 107; iii, 30 belt sander, iii, )0 cylinder under, iii, 30 disc under, iii, )0

and bobbin aander, iii, 30 drum, iii, 30 portable elect ric sander, i, 1)0; iii, 40

pit or quarry, i, 2; ii, 26 proportioning, ii. )0, )',)4 river, i,:I; ii, a6 lea, i,:I; ii, 26, a8

Sandstones, i, 33, 34, 36, 45; ii, 85, 87-91, '01 - 105, 107; iii. 124, 12S

Itgiltaceous, ii, 88, 89 calcareous, i, 32; H, 88 chemical composition, ii, Q6 classification and distribution, ii, 87, 89,

9O,9',9l Appleton, ii, 87, 90, 9), 96 Appley Bridge Blue, ii, 87, 90, 93, 96 Berri.talt, ii, 87, 89, 90, 93, 96 Bolton ' Voods, ii, 87, 90, 9) Brackenhilt, ii, 87. 90, 9) Bnmley Fall, ii. 87, 89, 90. 9), 96 Butler Oelph, ;1, 90, 93 Corschill, red, ii,.87, 89, 90, 9), 96 Cotswold Oi"rlct, ii, 89; Hi. U S, U 7 Crosland Hill, ii, 90, 9), 96 Ounn House, ii, 87, 89, 90. 9), 96 Eamock, ii, 90, 9) Edgerold, ii, 1)0, 93 Endcliffe, ii, 87, 90, 93 Guiseley, ii, 87, 90, 9) Hewonh, Burn il, 87. 90. 93. 96 Hollington, ii, 87, 90, 93, 96 Kerridgc, H, 90. 9l La.ronby, ii, 87, 89. 91, 9) Loo;:harbriiP. H, 89, 9 1, 9), Q6

IN D EX Sandstonel-contd,

classification and distribution--contd, Longridge, ii, 87, 91, 9) Mansfield, white, ii, 87, 88, 9a-<}4, 96 Middlewood, H, 91, 93 Runcom, red, il, 87, 88, 91, 93 Seout, ii, 91, 9) Shawk, ii, 91, 9) Springwell, 11, 87. 91, 9), 96 51,8«5, red, H, 87, 9', 93, 96 Stancliffe, i, )3,)4; ii, 87, 91, 9), 96 Stanton Park, li, 87, 89, 91, 93 Stanton \Voodhou$~, ii, 91, 93 Thomton Blue, ii, 87, 91, 93 Wellfield, ii, 87, 91, 93, Q6 W~st End, ii, 91, 93 \Vindyv.'ay, ii. 9 1, 93 \\'oodkirk, blue, ii, 87, 91, 93, 96

brown, ii, 87. 91, 93, 96 \Voolton, i. 33, 45; ii, 87-119, 9 1,93.95 York, i, 33, )6; ii, 89, liS; iii, 12S

defects, i, I, )9; ii, 97-101 dressing, i, 35- 38; H, 10.-tOS felspathic . ii, 88, 89 ferruginous, i, 33; li, 88 flagstones, ii, 89 fonnation, ii, 85 fr«srones, ii, 89 griutones, ii, 88-<}1 Ii"er, ii, 89 magnesian, ii, 88, 9a-<}4, 96 micaceous, H, 89 siliceous, i, 33; ii, 88, 89 structure, it, 89, 95 tests, ii, 99-101 til~stones. ii, 89; iii, 125, 127

Sandstone di!lOl, ii, 31 Sin Stefano marble. ii, 97 Sap, i, 35, 55. 56; iil. a Sapcle, iii, S, al, 25, 98

mahogany, iii, 5, a), as, Q8 Sapwood, i, SS, 57. 60; iii, Z, 17-aa Sash axle pulleys, i, 11), 116-.19; iii, 73-75

balance, i, 113, 119 catches, i, U2 chains, i, 113, Its, 119 cI~al!, i. I:la cord, i, 113, 118. 119 doors, iii, 66, 68

opening gear, 1 i i, 66 eyelell, i, 12a fast~ner, i, 116 handle, i, 11 8 lifl, i, 118 pivots, i, 121 WelRhll,i.113, 11 4, 118, 11 9

Satinwood, East Indian. iii, S, a), as, 98 flowernl., iii, S, a3, as, 98 JlIl1lica, iil, :I), :IS, 98 WClt Indian, iii, a), as, 98

Saturation coefficient test, ii, 99, 100 Saw blades, machine, iii, 5, 6, 24, a6-28,

30, 3 1 band, iii, 6, 26, a8,) 1 circular, iii, 6, 24, 26, :17, )0, 31

bevelled. iii, :16, 27 carborundum and diamond, i, 35; ii,

,oa, 10) cross_cut, ii, 102; iii, 24, 26, 27 drunken, iii. 30 ,ll:Tound-off, iii, 26, 27 hollow_JZround, iii, a6, 27 plalC, iii, 6, a4-27, 30,)1 rip, iii, :14, :16, 7.7,)0 swage, iii, 26, 27

sellin,ll:, iii, a6 .harpcninll, iH, 30,)1 tensioning, Hi, 30

Sawdust concrete, ii, :18; iii. 47 Sawn Ihil\.llle., iii. 126 Saw 5Ct, iii, a6

side, iii, 26 spring, iii, a6 swaKe, iii, a6

Saws, hand, i, 29, 104, lOO, 107, 127. 1] 1 bow, i, U7, 131 compUI and cro~~-cul, i, 127, 1)1 dovetail, i, 127. I}I

fnme, i, U7 pad, i, 127, 1)1 panel, i, '04, la7 rip, i, 104, 106, U7 tenon, i, lOO, l a7, 131 sctting and sharpeninj{, i, 1:17

Saws. machine, i. 34, 35, 104, 107, 130; ii , 101-103; iH, 5, 6, :14, a6-a8. )0, 3 1 , 34,97. 100

band rc:-u.wing. Hi, 6 sawing, iii, 24, 27. 28. 97

carborundum, i. )s; ii. 102, 10) circular uw bench, iii. 24, ~6, 27, 97, TOO

mlll,iii,6 portable electric, i, .)0

combined 10J[ and deal frame, ili, 6 cross-cUI or beam, ii, loa diamond, i, J,~, 1)2; ii, 102, 10~ double-dimension saw bench, ili, 24, 30 frnme, i; 34: iii, 101, 10) I{Tavity, ii, loa, 103 horizontal log band mill. iii, 6

log frame sawinj{, iii, 6 reciprocalmlC cross-cut, iii, 5. 6 rip, ii, loa sharpenin(r, automatic. ii;, 30,) 1 ""nical lOll fnme lawing, iii, 6

ScabblinlC hammer, i, 38 Scallops, thatch, iii, 1)4 Scantlinga, i, 57' Scarfedjoint, i, 7), 8 1 Scented auarea, i"~. 20, as

Sehedulu, kiln-drying, iii, 10 Scintling, ii, 6 Selallie granite, ii, 86, 93 Scontionl, i, 47 Score, kiln, ii, 6 Scotch glue, i , 86, 87; iii. 10', loa

kiln, ii, 6 Scol;a, i ii. 79, 83. 87

board. iii, 79, 96 SCOIS fir or pine. Sec" Redwood " Scolli,h Ilates. ii, 97 Seout stone, ii, 91, 93 Scraper, i, lOO, n9 SCrallen, ii, na, n3, n s, U 7, 1:&8 Screeding, concrrte, iii, 38 Sereeninll" day. ii. 3 Screwdri"en, i, 130, 151 Screwl, i, 11 0, 114. la6; iii, uS SCre ..... -wrench, i, 157 Scribin.l£, i, 76, 95, 97, 10'], 108, 11 0, U4

cutterbloelul, ii i, a9 plate, i, 157

Scroll, H, 113 Scumening, ii, 7. 8, 14 Scutch, i, 39 Sea sand, i, a; ii, 26, 28 Seamen, iii, 130 Selloning none, ii. 101

limber, i, SS, 56; iii, 7- la, 38, l OO, 10% anificial . i. 56; iii. Q-11. 38, 100

period, iii, U, 100 combined ai r and kiln, iii, 11, 1%

period, iii, n natunl, i, 56; iii, 8, 9

period, iii, 8, 9 Secret lead .prom, iii, In

nailin.l£, i, 64, 6S vaUey cUller, iii, 110

Sedimentary rocks, i, 33; ii, 85, 88-96 Sedimenllltion test, ii, '16 Segar conet, ii, 1I Segmental an:hes, i, 26, 47; ii, S2, 106, 107,

110. 11 3 headed clled windows, ii, 110, 11 3; iii,

7a, 75 Self-faced Ilone. ii, 36, 45 Semicircular ... ches, i, 26. 47; ii, 51, 64,105

centering. i, 84, 8S; iii, 60-62 elliptical, ii, 5', 52 headed cascd ..... indo ..... , iii, 70, 7a

doors. iii. 66, 70 helll.RQnal. ii, 64 $tih~d, ii, S. with orders, ii, SI

Semi-continuous kiln, ii, 6 Septic tank, ii, 7 ' Seraya, red, iii, a3, 25, 38

white, iii, 33, 25, 38 Senile oak. iii. 2a, a~ Set gau(!e. iii, a6

Set tiles. iii, 104, 105 Setting bri~.ks. ii, 7

cement, 11, a" in stick, i, 1,,6, I S6 out brick ..... ork. H, 67-'10

doors, i , 10" drains, ii, 7S .tairs, iii, 8", 87, 90

sa ..... blades, iii, a6 ..... e~s, iii, 60

Se ..... t'n, ii, 71 Seysscl asphal!, ii. 54 Shafting, iii, 5

GENERAL

Shakes, i. 58, 60: iii, 8. 20 Shale, i,.; ii, 1, 1, 11; iii, 1Q,t Shap granite, ii, 86 Sha"e hooks, i, 151, 157 Shawk stone, ii, 9 1, 93 Shear stress, i, ao, 11, 66 Shed dryers, ii , 5 Sheeting, i, 82, 83; iii, 56, 58 ShccI glass, i, '10

lead, i, ' 42 rubber, iii, 41

S hdly limestones, ii, 87, 9a-96 Sherardizing i, I1I Shingles, i, 69, 70; iil, u6, u 8, 119

ddails, iii, ,26. u8, u9, abUTment. iii, 119 ea,'es, iii, 128, 129 hip, iii. 129 ridge, iii, u8, 129 ''alley, iii, 129

IJIwn. iii, 126, u8 . plit, iii, u6 "en ieal, iii. 129

Shippus, ii, '4 ' Shooting and jointing boards, i , 130 Shores, i ii, 58 Short. bc~.~, iii, 125

gram, Ill, " nines_ineen., iii, 124

Shot, ii, 101, 105 Shouldering, iii, ' 14-1 16, 118, 121- 124 Shoulder tongu", iil, 66 Shredding plale, ii, 3 Shrinkage, i, SS-58, 86-88, 94, l2a; Hi, 7,

8, 40,102, 126 longiludinal, iii. 7, 10% radial. iii, 7 tangential, iii, 7, loa

Shuffs, ii, 13 Shutt ~ring, ii, 120 Siberian larch, iii, I

pine, iii, I, ,8, as Sicilian marble, ii, 97 Sidt' dresst'r, iii. a6 Sienna marble, ii, 97 Sieves, ii, 22, 29 Sight rails, ii , 75

IN D EX Sib. H. 17 Silica bricks, ii, ,6 Sili~us undstones, i, 33; ii, 88, 89 Silkwood, iii, 5, 22, 15, 101 Silky oak, ill. 21, 25 Sill~, i, ~6-18, 47, 48, 108, 114, 122;ii, III Silver, i, 53

grain, i, 57: iii, 4, 5, 22 gr"y"oo<I. Indian, iii. 20, 25, 7°,98 spruct', iii, 18, 25

Sih'erloc.k'. bond, ii, So Single abutment, joint i , 8 1

dimension saw bench, iii, 30 Flemish bond. i. 8, 10 lock crots welts, iii, 130- ' 33 piu. iii.l Roman tiling, iii, . , 6, •• 8. "9 Iplndle moulder, i. 10']; iii, 29

Sill' contrete. i, 18, 19, 62,63.65; ii.59; iii, I 5 Sitka spruce, iii. 18, "5 Six-cutter machine, iii, <1 8 Size ttiek, i , 132 Sizes of binders, lIird~J'S and jOiSlS, iii, 31,

31. H-36 bricks, i, 1,3. s: ii, 12 d",in pipes. ii, 7" finished, dressed, net Or wrought, timber,

i, 6<1, 97.109, 112,113 nominal or Ituff, timber, i, 61, 86, 87, 97,

'" Skcl"lon slone steps. ii, 115 Skewback. i, aa Skew butt hinges, i, 103 Skews, iii, 127 Skiw. iii. 8, 10, 102 Skinings. cork, iii, 40

wood, i. 123, 124; iii, 49, 66, 68, 70, 87, 93 S kyro. marble. ii, 97 Slabbing, ii, 101, 102 Slab 8a"'lng, i, 57; iii, 4-'7, 126 Slabs, rtmforccd concn:te, iii. 36, 39 Slag, blast-furnace, ii. 25 , 29

foamed, ii. 29 wool , iii, 48-51

Slaking lime. ii, 20 Slash Kraln, iii, 4, 5, 17. <1 4, u 6

pine. iii, 18,25,38 Slate damp proof course, i. 18; ii, 58

holinK machine, i, 133, IH Slaters' tools, i. 133, 13" Slatu, i, 33, '3a- 140; ii, 8S, 87, 97: ii i, 121 ,

,al, 124, 125 a$bestos-eem~nt, iii, 12 1- ' 23 characteristics, i, 133 , 134 convenion, i, 13a formation, i, 132; ii, 8S, 87, 97 pitch, i, 69: iii, u S pn:paralion, i, 'H, 138 quarrying. i, 13l lile •• i. I JJ: ii, U I; iii, u S

Slales- contd. Slone, iii, 124. 1.<lS

terms, i, 135: ill, 125 weight, i, 70

S lating, i, '32-140 IIOne, i, 69, 70; iii, 124- 127

Sleeper walls, i, 19, 59, 61 Slices , iii, S. 6 Slicing, iii, 98, 100 Slides, gla .. , ii, 89; iii, '4 Slip, i, 2: ii, I, 16,22

1I0ne, i, '30 Slop-mouldinK. ii, 5 Slope. stairs, iii. 79, 87 Slot and tenoned joint, iii, 43

moni,ing, iii, 30 Sludge, ii , 7' Slump test, ii, 3 1, 34 Slurry, i. <I; ii, I, 16, aa Smoke test, ii, 78 Snake stone, ii, 104 Snap headers, i, 10 Snecks, i, .p S now boards, i, ' 45 Soakefs, lead, i, 137, ' 43, 148, 150; iii,

109-111, Iz6, 129 Soaking preserving processes, ili, ' 3, 14 Sodium fluoride, iii , n, 16 Soffits, arch, i, a2

ea,·cs, i. 6<), 71, 75-'17. 1)9, 140; iii, 106. 107,113,119,118

bearers, i, 6<), 75-'77, 139: iii, u8 boards, i. 69. 7 1, "'....,7. 139; iii , 10'],

liS, "9, 128 lining, i, 114, 115. 117; ii, 70, 72, 7J stair, iii, 79, 93 tiled. iii, 119, 120

Soft t issue. ii i, 2, 4 Softwood., i, 59, 60; iii. 1-9, 12, 13, 17- 19 ,

25, 26,36-41 , S6, 70, 98, 106, 11 0, , "

characteristics and uses, i, 60; Hi, 17-19 class ification, i, 51,1, 60; Hi. I, 17-19

balsam fir, iii, I 8altic redwood. Sce" redwood ..

whi lewood, i, 60,61: iii, I, 19, 25, 38 Banksian pine, iii, 18, as Brilish Columbia pine, i, 60, 6,; iii,

1,5,17.2S,J6,40,5b,70,9II, 101 Hondurols pitch pine, ii i , 18, 15, 38

Canadian n:d pine, iii. 18, as, 71 spruce, i , 60, 6~, 81; Hi, I , 18, as white pine, i ii. I, 2, 5, 18, 15 yellow pine, iii, I , 2. S, 18, as

Colum bian pine, i, 60, 6S; iii. 1, S, 17, 2S, 36, 40, 56, 70, 98, 101

Cuban pine, iii, 18. 2S, )8 Douglas fir, i, 60, 65; iii, 1. 5, 17, 25,

36, 40, 56, 70, 98. 101 European larch, iH, I , 17, "S, 56

Sofr"."Qo(is-amtd.. clusification-contd.

European spruce, i, 60, 61; iii, I , 19, as,

" finger cone pine, iii, 18, as firs, iii, I, 2, S. '7-IQ, as. 36, 38, -.0,

56,70,98.10 1, 105.110, I 1I grey fir, iii, 17. a5.)8 Jlck pine, iil, 18, as kauri.., pine, iii, s. 17. as, 38 Korean pine, iii, 18, as larches, iii, I, '7. a~, 56 Manchurian pine, iLi, ,8, as Memd fir. See" redwood " mountain pine, iii, 18, as New Bnmswick. ' pruu, i, 60, 6a, 81;

iii, I, 18, 25 Zealand bune, iii, s, ' 7. as.)8

Niea .... guan pine, iii, 18, :lS. )8 nonhem pine. Scc" ~dwood "

whit"YIOOd, i, 60, 6:1; iii, I , '9.14. 25. 38

Norway fir. See" redwood " Oregon pine, i, 60; ii i , :I , 5. ' 7. as. 36,

4°,56,7°,98, 101 Ottawa red pine, iii, 18,25.7'

white pine, iii, 1,1, s, 18, as Pacific rf'd cec:!.ar. Hi, 17, :lS. 126 pines, i. 60; lil, I,:t, S, IS, :ZS, JS, 56,

7', S4, .06, 110, III pitch pine, i, 60, 6:z, 65, lOS, 116; iii,

:z, 5, 18, :zs, 38, 56, 84 Polish fir. See" redwood" Quebec red pine, Hi, 18, :ZS, 71

~pruce, i, 60, 6:z, 8~; iii, I, 18, ~ 5 white pine, Hi, I,~, 5, IS, ~ 5 yellow pine, iii. I,:Z, 5, 18,:Zs

Queensland kaurie, iii, 17, ~5 r(d duI. S«" r(dwood "

pine, iii , 18, lS, 71 r(dwood, i, 6o-6l, 70, 78, 108, 116; Hi,

I,:Z, 5, .8,:ZS, 36, 38, , 06, 110, I 1I $cots fir or pine. See" ~dwood " Siberian larch, iii, I

pine, iii , " 18, :ZS silver spruce, iii, , 8,:15 sito, spruce, iii, ,8, ls slash pint', iii, 18, :IS, JS IPruceS, i, 60, 6l, 8l; iii, I,:Z, 18, 19, :15 IUgar pine, iii, 18, ls Swedish pine, See" redwood .. wutern hemlock, iii, ' 7, :zs, 38

r~d cedar, i, 60; iii, 17, :Z5, 1:16 white pine, Hi, 18, :Z S

\\'eymouth pin~, Hi, " :I, 5, 18, :IS white deal or fir, i, 60, 6:1; i ii, I, 19, :IS, ,.

pine, iii, ',:I, S, 18,:Zs spruce, i, 60, 6:z, 8:z; iii, I, 18,:zs

wh.tewood, i, 60, 6l; iii, I, 19, :IS, 38

Softwc.ods-contd. clusification---«lntd.

GENERAL

yellow deal. See" redwood" pine, iii, 1,:1,5, ,8,:15

yew, iii, 19, lS identification, iil, 4 sources, iii, '7-19 structure, iii, 3, 4

Soil pipes, ii, 8:1, 84 Solder, i, 143, 15:1, IsJ

pot, I, '57 Soldering iron, i, 157 " Soldier arches," i, 21, 93, 10<} Sole plate.., iii, 57, 60 Solid balustrade., iii, 78, 80, 90, 93, 95, 10l

density, ii, 99 moulds, i, 95""97, 103 ; iii, 6J, 65

Sound-insulated door. Hi, 51, 70 Soundness t<'"$I, ii, l4 Sound-proofinii, Hi, 38, 4J, 46, 48-51, l a] Sources, timber, i, 60; iii, I, '7-l4 Souring clay, il, 4 Southland beech, iii, 19, :is Southwalt'r bricks, ii, 17 Soya bean glue, Hi, 101 Spade_finished concrete. H, 60 Spalls, i, 40, 4S Span, i, l], 6Q Spandril, arch, i, l]

Itair, iii, 79, 90 steps, ii, 115

Spanish chestnut, Ill, :ZO, lS mahogany, i, 60; iii, 5, :U, l5, 70, 98 tiles, iii, lI S-I1IO

o,'ers, iii, 118- llO unden, iii, 118- 130

liling, iii, 118- 1110 Span, i, bQ-79, 8 1; ii , 1113-1115; J1I, 106,

107,114, liS , 117, " 9, Ill, 1:l6-u9 .. Spearpoint " floor clips, iii, ]8 Spe<:ial brick bonds, ii, 4Q-51

bricks, i, 4, :Zl, 33, l4; ii, 17-19 Species, timber. iii, I, 17~l4 Spelter, ii i , 1):1, Spigol, i i , 75 Spindle moulder, i, 107; iii, 19, 87 Spinl grain, iii, 4, 17, 18 Spire, ii, 99 Spirit level, i, 19, 1]0; ii, 75 Splay bricks, i, 4, 86 Splayed scarf joint, iii, 56

rebated, tongued and grooved joint, i, 64 Split brick courus, i, ll, l8; ii, 70

lihingles, iii, u6 Splitting, iii, 8, 10, 10l, u6 Spraying prest'rving proa:u, iii, '4 SpeilJ$, i, 11 0; iH, 66, 68 Springers, i, l~, SI; ii. 107 Spring-u«s, iii , 78, 80, 83, 87, 88, 93, 9li

,,"rping, iii, 8

IN D EX Spring wood, i, SS, 56; iii , l ,], 5, 7 Springwell stone, H, 87, 91, 93, 96 Sprocketed uvea, i, 69, 74~7, 1]8, 139.

iii, 106, 107, '0<}, 114, 115 Spruces, i, 60, 6l, 8l; W, I, l, 18, 19, 3S Square, butt , plain or "lOt joint, i, 63, 64

housed joint, i, 66 roll, copper, iii, 130

Squared rubble,i, ]6, J9, 41-4}; ii, 106, 107 Squares, i, 39, ]6, 106, u6, 157 Squint brick., it, 18, ]6

junctions, ii, ]6, J7 quoiru, ii, ]6, 38, ]9

Stacking timber, iii, 8, 10, 11 Sticks, chimney, i, 77, 148, ISO, 151; ii,

64--t.7 Staff bead, i, 114 Staging, iii, S7 Staffordshire blue bricb, i, 18; ii, 17 Staining bricks, ii. u Staircase, iii, 78, 79 Stairs, reinforced conc~te, iii, 117, 119, IlO

slone, ii, 117- llO wood. iii, 78-97 baluslrades, ii, IiS- UO; W, 78, 80, 81,

88""97, 10l brom:e, H, 119, 1:10 open, iii, 78, So, 81, 88-91, 9]""97 solid, iii, 78, 80, 81, 90, 9l, 9], 95, 10l wrought iron, H, "5-11 8

classification, iii, 79 bifurcated, iii, 79, 81 continuous, Hi. 79, 8 1 geometrical, iii, 79, S,

circular, iil, 79 elliptical, iii, 79 winding, iii, 79, SI

newt'I, i"~, 79, 81, 87-90, 93""97 straight flight, iii, 79, 8 1-87 !Urning. iii, 79

half-turn, ii, "7, 118; iii, 79, So, 8,,8l""95

dog-leg, iii. 78, 79, 81, 87-9] open well, ii, 1'7, 118; i ii, 79, 80,

8" 9]""95 quarter_lUm, iii, 79, 8., 95, 9li three-quarte r_turn, iii, 79

construction, Hi, 83, 84, 87, 90, 97 design, iii, 82 es".,nt;al requir(ments, iii, 80, 8:1-84 landings, ii, 118; iii, 7S-84, 88, 93

half-space,ii, I tll; iii, 79, 80,88,90,93 quarter-~pace, li, 118; iii, 78-S3, 9]""95

steps, wood, iii, 78- 87, 89-97 balancing. iii, 78, 80, 8 2 bull-nosed, iil. 80, 9). 96 commode, iii, 78, 80 con.stroction, iii, 83, 84, 87, 97 curtail, iii, So, 97 <lanci"., iii, 78, 80, 8l

Stain-conld, steps, diminished, iii, 80

flien, Hi, 80, 83, 84, 87, 90, 9] kite, iii, 80, 96 proportions, iii, 8:z scroll, iii, 80 spla~'ed, iil, 80, 87, 9], 96 winders, iii, 78, So, 8l, 95, 96

!tringJ, iii, 78, 80, 8]-<Yl close or housed, iii, 8<>, 8]-96 cut, iii, So, 97 notch boardl, iii, 80, 97 open, iii, 80, 97 rough, iii, 78, 80, 8], 85-89, 93, 94, ,.

terms, iii, 78-80 Stair ttencher, iH, &..t, 85 Stairway, iii, 80 Stalactites, ii, 97 Stalagmitea, H, 97 St. Aldhelm Box Ground stone, H, 9l~4.

96.101 Stancliffe stone, i, ]], 34; ii, 87, 91, 93, C}6 Standard asbestos-cement corruQ"lted

sh«ta, ii i , u4 Standing .ums, iii, l ]o-l J l Stand-up weln, iii, I Jo-Ill SI. Anne I1UIrble, ii, 97 St. Beu stone, ii, 87, 9 1, 93, 96 Stanton Park I tOne, H, 87, Sq, 91, 9]

\Voodho\Ue stone, ii, 91, 9] Staples, i, 90; Hi, 134 Statuary marble, ii, 97 Staves, Hi, 72 Steam na\IVY, ii, l, U

pipea, iii, 10, I 1 Steel. See" Mild lteel " Steeping preserving processea, iil, 13, 14

cold, iil, 14 hot, iii, 14 hot-and-cold, iii, I] Kyani~ing, iii, 14 Powelli~inli' iii, 14

Stemming, iil, 58 Step irons, ii. 80 Stepped fnundatioru, ii, 59, 60 Steps-brick, i, l8

concrete, i. 38 ~inforced concrete, ii, 119, ' la

marble, H, 119, 'la non_stip , ii, "9, 120 prt'cast, ii, 120

stone, i, 46, 49; ii, "5- 118 built_up, ii, IJS, 116 cantilev(T, ii, 117- llO hanging, ii, 1'7-120 rectangular, i, 46; ii, 106, 108, "5-117 skeleton, ii, 115 spandeil, ii, "5, 117, 118

wood. See" Srain, steps, wood ..

Stim, piling, iii, 8, 10, 101 Stiles, i, 91---<)9, 101~117, 110, Ill; iii, 64,

66-70, 71, 73, 75 Stippling, ii, '3 Stirrups, ii, 48, 110 Stock bricks, ii, 'I, 4, 11

board, ii, 4; iii, III lock, i, 90 mould, ii, 4

Stockings, it,ll Stones, i, 3J ~S4; ii, 8;~'18

classification, i, 33; ii, 85---<)1 cleanin,l.l, ii, 98 dciecls.- See " Def~cts in stone" details, i, 39~51; ii, 105-118

arche~, i, 39, 46-48; ii, 105-113 arehitraves, ii, 107- 113 consoles, ii, 108, 11'1, 113 copings, i, 35, 49-5', ISO, '52; iii, 116,

117, 126 cornice., i, 39, 49, S0, 'So, 152; ii,

107-116 dressings to doors, i, 46-49,115,119;

ii, 105-113 to windows, i, 41, 42, 46-49; ii,

1l0-1I3

entablatures, ii, 107- 113 footin!!:s, i, 39-4' friezes, i, 49, 50; ii, 107-111 limds, i, 20, '11, 47; iii, 31 mullions. i, 41, 42, 49 pads, i, 12, 73, 78; ii, 122-128; iii, 31,

34, 51 parapets, i, 46, So, 5 I ; ii, 113-11 5 pediments, ii, '07-1'9 plinths, i, 35,48, 49 ridges, i, 137, 'lO}; ii, 125, n7 stairs,ii, 1'7, 118, 120 steps, i, 46, 49; ii, 106, 108, 11 5-118 string courses, i, 39, 46, 49, So thresholds, i, 27, 28, 46, 49, 98, 99;

ii, "5, 116 transomes, i, 41, 42, 49 tympanum, ii, 107. 108 wallin!!:. See" !\.bsonry " window sills, i, 46-49, 108, IOQ, 115,

119; ii, 110, 112, 116; iii, 73, 71-dressinll:, i, 34-38; ii, 101-105 face -bedded, i, 38; ii, 97 fo~atlO~, ii, 85 mmmg, 11, 101 natural bed, i, 38, 39; ii, 88, 97 preservation, ii, 99 quarry.ing, .i.' 33, 34; ii, 101 seasoning, 11, 101 selection, ii, 98 sdf-fa~ed, .i, 36, 1-5 Sn3!'!'In!!". I, 35 splitting, i, 34, 35 ItrucfUre, ii, 89, '}4, 9S

Stone,---eontd. surface finishes. i, 36-38

batted, i. 36, 41 boasted, i, 36 dragged, i, 38, 41

GENERAL

furrowed, i, 36, hammer-dressed, i, 36, -tJ picked, i, 36 plain work, i, 36 punched, i, 36 quarry_dressed i, 36, 39-45 reticulated, i, 38 rock-faced, i, 38 rubbed, i, 35 scabbled, i, 38 straight_cut, i, 36, 41, 43 ,·ermiculated. i, 38

tests, ii, 32, 33, 99- 101 compressi,"e strength, ii, 32, )3, 101 frost resistance, ii, 100, 101 percentage porosity, ii, 99 penneability, ii, 99 ~atu ration coeffici~nt, ii, 99, tOO

Stoneware damp proof course, i, 18 pipe~, ii. 7'-73

Stool pallets, ii, 5 Stools, sill, i, 18, 47, 48 Stoothed or stud partitions or .toothings,

iii, 42, 43, 48-5 2, 84, 88-90, 93 Stopped ends, i, 4, 6-8, 10 Storey rods, i, 29, 31; iii, 80, 84, 90 Stout heart boards, iii, 98 Straight-cUI stone finish, i, 36, 41, 43 Straight edge, i, '14, 29, 31, 35,126; ii, 68,

75, 76 drain i?i.pes, ii, 72-74 gram, Ill, 4,5, '7-24, 126

St~ining .. beams, iii, 43, H-56 p,ece, Ill, 43 sill,iii, H, 56

Strap hinges, i, 9~ Straps, wmllli(ht iron, iii, 43-45 Strata, classification, ii, 85-87 Strenli(th, brickwork, ii, 'S

cements, ii, 23, 24 concretes, ii, 31, 32, J4 li(ranites, ii, 86 limestones, ii, 92 mortars, ii, 25, 27 sandstones, ii, 90, 91 timber, iil, 17, 102

Stretchus, i, 3, 7,10,17,19; iii, 60 Stretching bond, i, 6, 7i ii, 1-0 Strike, ii, 4 Striking piate, i, 90; iii, 76

off board, ii, 60 String cours~s, i, 39, 46, 1-9, SO; ii, 62, 6] Strings, copper, iii, 130

stair, ii, 119, 120; iii, 78, 80, 83-97 Stripe figu"" iii, 5, 11, 23, 24

INDEX Strip flooring, iii, 36

lathing, iii, 114 Struck joints, i, 31 Structure, stones, ii, 89, 94, 95

wood, i, 55; iii, 1-5 hardwoods, iii, 2-4

fibres, iii, 3, 4 growth rings, i, 55, 58--60; iii, 1~5,

19- '14 parenchyma, iii, J, 4 pits, iii, 2, 3 pores, iii, 2- 5, 19, 20 rays, i, SS, 57, 59,60; iii, 1-5, IQ-24 ve~sds, iii, 2-5, 19, 20

softwoods, iii, 2-4 growth rings, i, 55, 57--60; iii, 1-5,

17- 19, 1'16 parenchyma, iii, 2 pits, iii, 2 rays, i, 55, 56, 59, 60; iii, z resin ducts, ili, 2, 4, 18 tracheids, iii, 'I, 4

Struts, i, 76, 78-83; iii, 43, 44, 52-H, 56-6,

Strutting, floor, i, 66-68;ii;, 31, 49, So Stub-tenoned joints, i, 80, 81, 94, 106; iii,

42. 43, 66, 93- 95 Stuck mouldings, i, 95-97, IOZ; iii, 63, 65 Studs, iii, 42, 43, 48-52, 84, 88---<)0, 93, 110,

" . Stumps, iii, 5, 98 Subfloors, concrete, i, 6], 65; ii, 55-57; iii,

38,39,4' wood, iii, 38-41

Subsoil drainage, ii, 55, 56 Suction, ii, 14, 16 Suffolk latch, I. 88, 89, 91 Sugar maple, iii, 5, 22, 25, 38, 40, 101

pine, iii, 18, 25 Summer wood, i, 55, 56; iii, 2, 3, 5, 7 Sump, iii, 58 Sunk draw kiln, ii. 19 Superficial preserving processes, iii, 14

brush application, iii, 14 dipping, iii, 14 spraying, iii, 14

Superimposed loads, iii, 32, H, 35 Surface checking, iii, 8

finishes, stone. S~e "Stones" planing and thicknessing machine, i, 107;

iii,28 ,·ibrator, ii, J5

Surfacing floors, iii, 28-30, 40, 102 Suspended ceiling, ii i, 1-9 Sussex bond, ii, 1-9, 50 Swage saw, W. 26, 27

shaper, iii, 26 Swedish marbles, ii, 97

pine. See "Redwood" Sweet ch~,tnut, iii, 5, 20, 25

SWeUing, i, 56, 58, 100, Ill; ii, 13; Ill, 7,40 Swept valleys, i, ' 37, 141; iii, 106, 108- 110,

126, 129 Sycamore, iii, 5, 2), 25, 70, 98, 101 Syenites, ii, 85, 88 Syllabuses, Building Construction, I, IV, V,

1,33,55,86,132,142,158; ii, Preface, I, 7 I, 85, 121; iii, Preface, 136

T

Tabling, iii, 127 Tackinli( rivets, ii, 124 Tacks, lead, i, 144, '45 Tailstock, iil, JO

_Talc, ii, 54 Tally slates, i, 13J Tamper, ii, 60 Tanli(ential sawing, i, 57; iii, 4-7, 126

.hrin.kaRe, iii, 7, 102 Tann;n, iii, 'I

Tanpin, i, '52, '56, '57 T ant, iii, 125 Taping machine, iii, 100 T ar, ii, 54 Tasmanian myrtle, iii, 22, 15

oak, iii, z3, 25, 38 T eak, i, 60, 65, 108, 1I6; iii, 5, 21, 23, 15,

.14,38, u6 African, i, 60; iii, 21, 25, 38 Rhodesian, iii, 5, 24, 25, 38

Tee-bars, i, 158 hinges, i, 88---<)2

Temperinli( mill, ii, z Templates. See "Stone pads" Templels, i, 24; ii, 17, 52, 70; iii, 63, 79. 84•

86, 87 riser, iii, 79, 84, 86 t",ad, iii, 79, 84, 86

Temporary timbering, i, 81-85; iii, 56-61 centering, i, 83-85; iii. 60--61 tr~nchl's, i, 82; iii, 56-60

Tenoning cutterblocks, iii, 29, 30 machine, i, 107; iii, 29

T~non saw, i, 106, 127, '31 Tenons, i, 66, 74-81, 86, 87, 92, 94, 98, t03,

106, 108, 110, 116; iii, 42, 1-3, 63, 66, 68,70,88,90,93,9S

barefaced, i, 92; iii, 88, 90 double, i, 87, 9Z; iii, 63, 68, 70 dovetailed, i, 116 fork, i, 116 haunched, i, 86, 92, 100, 108, 116 oblique, i, 74, 79, 80; iii, 51, 88, 90 proportions of, i, 86 stub, i, 81, 91-,106; iii, 42, 4], 66, 9), 95 tu~k, i .. 66, 67; iii, 88 tWIn, I, 103

Tensile testing machine, ii, 23 Tem.ioning saw blades, iii, 27

Ten.ion lods, iii, 43 stress. i. la, 21, 66. ,6; iii, )2, 62, loa

Tentetr, Hi, 49 Terra·eotta block alld brick panicion., iii,

" Ten.no. ii, 60,120 Test.pi«e timber, iij, 10 Tesll, h, '4, 15, n - 24, 3'-)4, 78, 99"-101;

iii, )8, '05. !la bricks. ii, ':h I~., p, 33

..:ompn,sslon, n, '5.32, JJ effioreoc"nce, ii, IS frost ft'Siltance, ii, 'S penncability, H, '4

cement, 11, 22-:1",

chemical comp<»ition, ii, n, :I) cold·pat, ii, a4 c:ompreu;\'e strength, H, al. 1<1-fineness, ii, 1:1 hOI_pal, ii, 24 seninl{ time, ii, al. 24

final, ii, 24 initial, ii, 24

soundness, ii, 1I4 tensile strength, ii. 2J

concrete. ii, )I-J<f: iii, )8 compacting (.etor, ii, 32 oompreSll;\'e Itrtngth. ii, )1-34 . lump. ii, 31-34

drain, H, ,8 ball, ii. ,8 hydraulic, ii, ,8 .moke, ii. ,8

floor, drying, iiL, )8 sand, ii, 26

chemical, ii, a6 sedimentation, ii, 26

stone, ii, 32, 33, 99""101 eompreuive I trength, ii, 32, 33, 101 froS! resistance, ii, 100, 101 perCental'[e poro.ity, ii, 99 permeability, ii, 99 Ilturation coefficient, ii, 99, 100

tilea, Hi, lOS, 110 fren:in(f, iii, 105 permeability, iii, 105, 110 traruwerse, iii, 105, 120

timber, moisture conten t, iil, 7, 10, 11 Tuture, bricks, ii, I ), 61

Itone, li, 88-ql, 9 .. tilea, iii, 105 timber, iii, .. , 5, 18-1)

COII rse, iii, 5, 11, 1) even, iii, 5, 18,10--1) fine, iii, 5, 19,10 medium, iii, 5, 19 uneven, W, S

Thltch, i, 69, 70: iii, I)), 13" Thermlcoust slabl, iii, "7, "9, So Thermometer, dry Ilnd wet bulb, iii, 10, 11

GENER A L Thicknnsing, iii, 18-)0

madunt'S, i, 107: iii, 18, )0 'rhornton Blue stone, ii , 81, 9', 9) Three-light cased window, i.i, 74, 75

quarter-turn sta irs, iii, 79 Thresholds,., 17, 18, 46, 49, 98, 99; ii, 1'5,

,16; iii, 6)-67 Throat, flue, H, 65 Throating, i , 18, 47: ii, 11 3 Throuxh checking, iii, 8 Throughs, i, )9-45 Thumb latch, i, 88 89,91 Thwac.ker, iii , 112 Thwacking framc , iii, 111 Tie beam., i, 76, 78-81; lii , 53-56, 62 Ties, cavity, il, ,,0, 4' Tighl_cut s urfacc, plywood, iii, .00 Tile battens, i, 140, 14 1; iil, 106--115, 117,

'" creasing, i, 19: iii, 110, 116, 120 pUeting, Hi, 55, 11,,- 118 hanging, iii, 110-.13 insets,iii, 108, IO<},112-11", 117-110 nails, i, 1 .. 1: Hi, .06, " 0, 114, 1.8, 111 tongues, iii, loS, 10<) underdoaks, iii, 111-114, 118, 121, 126

Tiled arch, ii , 64 Tiles, i, 26, 18, 68-']0, 110, 140, 1"1; ii, 66,

67; iii, 52, 55, 56, 10,,-1 10, 111, '1) angle, iii, 11', 11 3 ashellos-cement, W, 111, 113 Insilican, iii, 116, 118, 119 bonnet or Ilranny, i, 141: iii, loS, 10<) WnI::rete, i,i, 110 wne, iii, 10<), 116, 110 eaves under, iii, 105-107, 110, 114, 118,

"9, 111 glazed, ii, 66, 67 half-round, i, 137, 1)9, '''I; iii, '07, 10<),

'11,113,1,6,118,120,116 hand-made, iii, '0,,-106, 1 ' 0, '11, 116,

,, 8 hog_back, t, 137, 139-14'; iii, 108, 109 interlocking, iii, no Italian, iii, 116, 118, 119

double Roman, iii, 118, 119 overs, iii, 116, 119 unders, iii, 116, 119

single Roman, iii, 118, 11 9 machine-made, iii, 104, 105, 111, 110,

." pllntilea, i, 68-70; ii, 8); iii, 56, 111, 114-117, 111, 113

plain, i, 68-']0, ,,,0, '''I; ii, 83; iii, 51, 10,,- 11 3

eaves under, Hi, lOS, 106, 110, 114. 118 ridge under, iii, l OS, 109 tile_llnd_a_half, iii, 106, 10<)-111

pUrp<1H_made eaVet, iii, 112 hip, iii, 108, 10<)

INDE X Tiles-contd_

purpolc-made "erge, iii, '16-118, 110, ". , ... lIey, iii, 116, 122 Roman, iii, .,6, I r8, 119 segmental, iii, 120 Spanish or Sicilian, iii, 118-110

overs, iii, 118-110 undets, iii, 118- 120

"Turnall" Trafford, iii, 111, 12) TilestOnU, ii, 89 Tilinll, i, 68-'70, ,,,0, 14'; ii, 83: iii, 104-

11 .. , 116-'13 asbestos-cemenl_ il', 111, 12) Rasil'can, iii, 116_ 118, 119 Italian, ii;, •• 6, 118, 119 pantil'ng, ii, 83; iii, 112, 114-1'7, 122,

'" plain, i, 140, 1 .. 1; ii, 83; iii, 104-112 Roman, iii, llb, '18, 119 Spanish or Sicilian, iii , 1.8-110 venial, iii, 110-11)

Tilting fillets, i, 1)6, 139-141; iii, 106, 107, 116, "7, ,18

Tilting drum mixer, H, )4 Timber, i, SS--60; iii, 1-3 1

characteristics, i, 60; iii, 17-14 dauification, i, 59, 60; iii , I, '7-2" con\'enion, i, 570 iii, ,,-7, 11, 98, 100 dcfeclB, i, 55- 60 ; lii, 4, 7, 8, 10, 1,,-17,

)8, ,,0, "', 51, lOO , 103, '30 doors, i, 86-107: iii , 63-,]1 felling, i, SS; iii, 5 figu~, iii. 4, 5,17-1" fire- retarding, iii, ' .. , 116 floon, i, 59-68: iii, 31- 43, "S, .. 8- 51 grain, iii, 4, 5,17- 2" growth, i, 55; Hi, 1,1 hardwood., i, 59, 60; lii, 1-5, '9-25 identification, iii, .. panitions, iii, 41-5 ', 51, 8 .. , 90, 93, 101 prepardti~m, i!i, 2"-,~,O preservatIOn, I, 57: 11', 12-15 roofs, i, 68-8.: iii, SI-56 .izel, finished or dreued or net or

wrought, i, 61, 97,10<), 111, 113 nominal or Ituff, i, 61, 86, 87, 97, 111

BeallOning, i, 55, 56; iii, 7- 12, 38, 100, '0'

IIOftwoods, i, 59, 60; iii, I -S, 7--9, 12, 13, 17-19, 16, 36, 38, 40, ,,1,56,70,98, 106,110, I11

lIOurces, i, 60: iii, I , 17-1" specificalion, i, 60 lI.ck i~, i, 56; iii, 8, 10, 11 stain, ili, 78--97 Itr~ngth, iii, 17, 102 llructure, i, SS; iii, 1-5 textu~, iii, .. , 5, ,8-1) uses, t, 60; iii, 17- 1"

Timbcr-.;:onld. weighl, i, 60; iii, 7,17-2", )2, 34, 3S windo\\s, i, 107-121 ; iii, 71-']5

Tinos marble, ii, 97 Tinted glass, iii, 66, 68 Tongued and grooved joinu, i, 52, 62, 67,

70, 8R, '1,,: iii, 36, ,,0, "5, "7, 58, 63, 70,71,80,83,8 .. , 87, 88, <]6, I'", 1)0

gr<XI"ed and he2ded joints, i, 88, 89 and dovetailed joints, lIi, 38, 39 and lip mitred joints, iii, 35, 36 and V_joints, i, 76, 77, 88, 89

mitred joints, iii, 35, 36, 96, 97 Tongues, cross, iii, 35, )6, 72, 73

feathe r, iii, 71 shoulder, id, 66, 67, 96, 97

Tonguing, iii, 29, 30 head, iii, 19

Tool~, brickllyen', i, 19 ca~nters' 2nd joiners', i, 126-131 mason~', i, 29, 35, 3b-38 plumbers', i, 156, IS7 slaten', i, 133, 134

TootnillM, i, .. Tor Brake granite, ii, 86, 93

Down xranite. ii, 86, 93 Torcning, i, 136, 139, 1 .. 0; W, 106, 107,

126, 1:17 Tower, concreting, ii, 3S Tracc holes, ii, 8 Tracheids, iii, 1- " Trammeh, i, 24, 85,1:16; ii, 70 Transomes, i, 41, ,,1, ,,9,108; iii, 63--66

lights, iii, 6)--66 Trans,'erse bars, iii, 36, 39

sepia, i, SS test, tiles, iiL lOS, 120

Tnps, dllin, ii, 71-'14, 81-84 Tra\'ellinj! ca rriage, i,i, 6

table, iii , 6 TnlveBe, i, 131 Tra\'ertine marble, ii, 97 Treads, ii, 11,- 110; iii, 29, 79-84, 87--97 Trenching, iil, 29, 83, 84, 81 Trench timbering, i, 81, 83; iii, 5&--60 Trimming floors, i, 62, 6), 66-68

plywood bolrds, iii, 100, 102. roofs, i, 74, 77

Trinidad asphalt, H, 504 cedar, iii, 20, 25

Triple "<XIn, i, 59: iii, )4-37 roofs, i , 76-81; iii, 54-56

Trough gUllen, i, 154 Trowels, i, 14, 29, 31, 37: ii, 60 Trucks, iil, 10, 11 Truss, king 'post roof, i, 76, 78-81

laminaled wood, iii, 53, 504 queen post roof, iii, 504-S6 .Ieel, ii, 121 - 128, iii, H, 122, IZJ

Belg,an, French or Fink roof, ii, 127, la8

Truu",d pantlionl, Hi, 43-45 purlin, iii, 5z, 53

Try-squar", i, 29, 36, 37, 106, 126, 131, '57

Tub c!O~I" ii, 71 Tuck pointing, i, 30, 32 Tuclung boards, Hi, 57 Tudor arch, ii, 52, 5) Tunn",1 dry"'"" ii, 5

kilns , ii, 10, 19; Hi, I' "Turnall " Trafford liln, iii, 122, I:l) Turning piecn, i, 24, 8)-85

Itain. !ke "SlIin" Twin blade machine, H, 102

pllntilH, iii, 11:1 t",non joint, i, 10)

Twin, iii, 8 Tympanum, ii, 64, 107, 108

u V ndercloaks, li]"" iii, " '-114, 118, 11:1,

." Vnducut toll, iii, 1)0, 131 V n du ",av"'l ,Iates, Hi, 121, 12)

tiles, iii, 105-107, 110, 114, 118, 119, 1:12 Vn",v",n grain, iii, 4

texture, iii, 5 Vni,·erul woodworker, t, 107; iii,)o Vntnrabl", fell, i, 1)6, 1)9; iii, 106, 107,

114, liS, 117- 119, 1:16 Vpper floor , i, 65-68 Up-draught kiln, ii, 6 UpselS, i, 58 VS"'I, timb.er, i, 60 ; Hi, 17-24

v

V2l d", Trav"'n uphill, it, S4 ValleYI, i, 70-'12, 137, 141, 148, 151; iii,

lot, 108- 110, 116, 118, no, 126, 'H

copper, iii, 1)2 Ind, i, 70-'12, 1)7, 1)8, l,.a, 151; i ii,

110, 116, 11 7, 129 open, i, 1)7, 141, 148, 151: Hi, 110,

116, 11 7 I«:ret, i, 148, 151; Ill, 110 slatu with .oak",n, i, 148

Ilaled, IW"'pt, i, 137 tiled,i, ' 4-I;iii, 106, 108, 110, 116

lac",d, i, 1.401: Hi, 106, 108. 11 0 purpol",-made or angular, iii, !08, 11 0, .. , sweptorcirc!"" i, ' 4 ' ; iii, 106, 108-11 0

thalched, i ii, t34 Veejoinl, t, 29, p, 52 Veg"'table glue, 1,86,87; iii, 101 Vene",n, i, 94-; iii, 6, 4-0, 70, 72, 96-11)

.licing, iii, 98, 100

Ven",,;an arch, ii , 51, 53 centre, Hi, 60, 61

Venlilating grat"', i. 6., 63

GENERAL

V",ntilation. floo"" roofs and ~neral, i, 58, 6',76,108; iii, 15, 16

drain, ii , 78, 8z-84-holes, door, iii, 68, 71

Vents, i, 38 V""de Antico marble, ii, 97 V""ges.slate, i, 'U, 136, 1)8, 139

tile,iii , 106, 111-114-, '1 6-118, 120,126, 'H

Italian, iti, ,,8 pantile, iii , 114-, 116. 117 plain tile, iii, 111-113 Spanish, iii, 120 stone slate, iii, 126 thatched, iii, 134

Venical battens, iii, 118. 119 damp proof courses, ii, 52-60 grain, iii, 4--7, 22, 38, 100, 126 log band mill, iii, 6 shingles, iii, 1:19 slating, iii, 112 ~liding suhe., i, 113-119; iii, 70, 7), .1:" spindle moulding machine, i, 107; Ill,

a9,87 tiling, iii, 110-11) venet:r slicer, iii, 98

Vessels or pore$, iii, ~s, 1~4 Vibraton, ii, )5 Vicat apparatus, it, 2 ... Victoria ...,d marble , ii, 97 Victorian oak, iii , 013, 25, )8 " Viloc:rele" cement, ii, 014 Volcanic rocks, ii, 88 Vous.soin, i, z2-:z6, 47 V-shaped. ridge , i, ')7, 1)9 ; iii, 108, lOll,

125, 127 Vulcani%ing, iii, 4 1

w

Wainscot oak, i, 60; iii. n, 25 Wslingll, i. 8z, 83: Hi, s6-60 Walk.ing line, iii, 80, 95, 96 Wall boards, iii, 48, 49, 504, 84, 120, 129

piea, i, 72 plates, i, 19,61-6), 6Q, 71, 77, 1)9; iii,

83,85, 106, 107, l IS, 119, 127, 128 Walls, brick, i, 6-)2; ii, )6-67

cavity or hollow, i, 4; ii, 17, 38, 4_46, 115, ,,6: iii, )), 34, 45, 49, 106, 107, "',11), lI S-II7, 119, Iz8

circular, ii,.0j..4., 70 compound, i, « - 48; ii, 108, 110, 11 2,

114, lI6 construclion, i, 31, 53 reinforced, i, 11; ii, 4-S-48; iii, 4), 45 lIone, i, 39-5); ii, 105-115

INDE X \V.lnut, iii, 17. 11 , Z4, :zs, 40, 70, 98, 102

African, iii, 24, 015 American black. di, 2 ... , 25 Australian, iii, 24, z5 , "n Benin . iii, 24, :Z; Black Sea, iii, 2 .... 25 Circalllian, iii, 01"" 015 Easl Indian. iii. :Z1 , .z5 English, ii;. 24, ~5 European, iii, 2-4-. 25 French. iii, ~4, ~5 lIali l n, iii, 24, 25 Nigerian, iii. 014, 015 Quet:nsland, iii, ~4, "1:5. 10"1:

Wane, i, 59 \\'arping, i, 57-59;iii, 8, 10,40, Hl"l:, 10), 130

bo ... , i, 58; iii, 8 cup, i, 59: W, 8, 40 sprin(l, iii, 8 Iwist, iii, 8, 10"1: wind, iii, 8

Wash bank, ii, 1

\\'uhers, i, 78. 81,159; ii, I:z4 Wuhing-off frame, iii , I I:z \Vash mill, ii, I, 11 Wute pipes, ii, 78, 82- 84 \\'ater bars, i, 018, ·47, 98, 99, 108-'10, 114,

"5; iii, 66, 69, 72, 73, 77, 112, 11) carriage system, ii, 71 cement ratio, ii,)1 closets, ii, 78, 8), 84 of Ayr stone, ii, 105 proored concrete. ii, 36, 57

mortar , ', )"1:, '37 : ii, 27, 57, 58, 65; iii , 116

\\'alerahot, i, 45 \\'avy grain, iii, ... , S. 17, 2C>-24 Wnther boards, i, Q8; iii, 63, 66

tiling, iii, 110-113 Weathering, i, 26, "'7, 114-; ii, 2 Wedg", wood, i, 65, 66, 83-88, 106, 116,

t«; iii, 56-62, 83-87. 89. 91, 97 lead, i, '4), , ... 6, '47, '49. ISO

\\'eight. asbestos-cement co\·ering, i, 70; Hi, III

brickworlr, iii, ... 7 copper, i, 70: iii, 130 fibroul wood cement, iii, 47 pantiles, i, 70: iii, 11", plain lile., i, 70; iii, 114, 116 plaller, iii, J2, )5 shingln, i, 70; iii, 126 timber, i, 60; iii, 7, 17-z4, 3z, )4, 35

ceiling joil ts, iii, 35 floo r boards, iii, )2, 34

binden, iii, JZ, )S j?ist ' , i.i.i., )01, )4

IlnC,', 70; lLI, 1)2 \Veillhu, call iron, i, 1I3- I IS, 117-11 9;

iii, 73--'75

Weillht ~ , lead, i, 118; iii. 74, 75 Weldin!!", i, 1"'3, ISI, 157 ; il, I:z1; iii, 36, 74-\\'ddon stone, ii, 87, 92-94, 96 Wellfield 1I0ne, d, 87, 91, 93. 96 Well stair, iii, 8o, 81, 93-95 Welsh ,Iate$, i, 1301-1)4; ii, 87-97 \\'el:ed drips, iil, IJ I, 13J

roll •• iii, 130, 1)1 \\'ells. copper, iii , 130-132

lead, i, IH, 141:1, 151 "l:inc, iti, 1)1, I))

We$! End stone, ii, 91. 9) Weslern hemlock,.ii, 17. 015. 38

red cedar. i, 60; W, 17, 25, 126 while pine, iii, 18,25

\Vesl Indian cedar, iii, ao, 25 m:lhogan)', iii, S, ::: I, 25, 70, 9& satinwood, iii, a), 25, 98

\\'eslminster Hall roof, iii, 16 \Vet-dipped procen, ii, 16

glu"'~'proceu, iii, 100 pan, 11, 2

rot, i, 58 \Veymouth pine, iii, 1,2, S. 18, ZS WhinSlone, ii. 88 Whilned, i, 3): ii, 94 White chuglam, iti, 20, 23, 70, 98

deal or fir, i, 60, 6z: iii, I, 19, as,)8 elm, W, 20, 25 guarea, iii, ZO, 2S lauan, iii, :11, 25 maple, W, S' n , 25, )8, 40, 101 meranti, Hi. 22, 25 oak, American, i, 60; iii, 11. 25, )8 pine, iii, I, 2, S, 18, 23 Ponland cement, H. z4. 27 ,eraYl', W, 2), z5, )8 spruce, i. 60, 62, 82; iii, I, t8,:lS

\\'hitewood, i, 60, 6z: Hi, I , 19,24,25,)& American, iii, :14, :15 !bltic, i , 60, 62; iii, I , 19, 24, 25, )8 canary, iii, zi, 25

Wickets, ii, 7, 8 Widlhing, ih, 28 \Vinchester cut, tiling, iii. 11::1, 11) Wind or twist, iii, 8 Winden, iii, 78, 80, 8:r, 9S, CJ6 Windfilling, i, 76 Winding Itai"" iii, 79

Itrips, i, 104 Window boards, i, 110, I11

frames, i, 108-115, "7- 112; iii, 70, 72-

" IIshel, i, 108- 11), IIS-IZ2; iii, 72--'18 ,ills, brick, i, 26-28, 108-' 09

stone, i, ,.6-49, 108, 109. 115, 11 9 ; ii. 11 0, t 12, 116; Hi, 73, 7 ...

tile, i, 110 wood, i, 108-IIS, 120-122; Hi, 7 :1 , 73>

77

Windo" .. , type., i , 107-1%2; iii, 70, 71"'"18 cased (nun., and .Iiding ... hel, i, 11)-

119; iii , 70, 71.....,. ClISementl, i, 108-11), 11 9 dormer, iii, SI, ~1 double-glued, iti, Sf fu:ed, i, 109, 11) metal, iii, 74, 76..,8, 9)-95 pi\'Oted, i, 119, 110 segmental_headed cased, iii, 7<', 74, 75 lemicircular helded ased, iii, 70, 71, 7) three-light eased, Hi, 74, 75 Yorkshire light, i, 11 1, IlnI

\\'ind}"way Itone, ii, 91, 9) Wiped joint. i, 151, 153, 155 Wiping cloth, i, 153, 157 \Vire-cut bricks, i, I, H, 3, I ), IS, 17, 18

tiles, iH, 104, 105, 111 cutting lahle, tiles, ili, I~

GENERAL INDEX \Vired tiles, iii, 110 Withn, ii, 65 Witrues, thatch, ii i , 1)3 Wood bending, ii i, 63, 71, 97

mastic, iii, 40, 9) rolls, copper, ii i, 1)0, ' 11

lead, i, 144-146 zinc, iii, 131- 1))

wool cement, i ii, 47 \\'oodkirk slone, ii , 87, 9 1, 93, 96 \Voolton stone, i, 33, 45; ii, 87.:..s9, 9 1, 93, 95 Working, iii, 7

str~sses, timber, ii i, ) 1 , 31 \Vrought iron water or welther ban, i, 18,

47,98,99,108-110,114,115; iii, 66, 69,71,73,77,111,IIJ

bolts, i, 10, 7], 78, 81, 1511, 159 bracken, gutter, i, IS), 155 straps, i, 80, 8., 87; ii, 43-45

\"l'rought . tone, i, 3. timber, i , 61

W ych elm, iii, 20, 15

x XtSlobium nllofliUmum, Hi, 16 Xylem, iii, 1

y

Yang, Hi, 11, "5, 38 Yellow birch, iii , 10, 15, )6

deal. See "Redwood" meranti, iH, 22, 25 pine, iii, I, 2, 5, 18, 15

Yew, iii, 19, 15 York stone, i, 3], )6; ii, 89, 1 '5; iii, 115 Yorkshire light, i, 121, 122

z ZiP. ki ln, H, 8 Zinc, I , 68..,0; ii i, 1) 1- 1))

roofing, Hi, 1 )1-1)) eappings, iii, 1)1, 13) chataClerislics, Hi, 1)1 chloride, iH, 11, I ), 16 clips, iH, 1 31 - 133 ftashinp, ii i, 133 joints, iii, 1)1 - 1))

drips, iii, 13 1, 133 beaded, Hi, 1)1, l) ) welted, 131, 13)

welts, ii i , 131, 13) wood rollt, ii i, 131 - 1)3,

manufacture, iii. 131

pitch, i, 69 .ize ••• heelS, iii, 131