God’s Gracious Solution to Man’s Sinfulness: Justification by Faith Romans 3:21-4:8.
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter 16 Freedom from Law and Justification by Faith: Galatians and...
-
Upload
brett-norman -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
1
Transcript of ©McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter 16 Freedom from Law and Justification by Faith: Galatians and...
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter 16
Freedom from Law and Justification by Faith: Galatians
and Romans
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Key Topics/Themes
• Paul’s attempt to define Christianity’s relation to Judaism
• All humanity imitates Adam’s disobedience and is condemned
• Only God’s grace in Christ can reconcile humanity to God
• Justification before God comes by faith, not by Torah obedience
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Key Topics (cont’d.)
• Jews’ rejection of Christ is temporary and part of God’s plan
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Introduction
• Two of Paul’s most important letters
• Paul’s distinctive vision of freedom from Mosaic Torah and justification by faith in Christ
• Resulted in an influx of Gentiles into early church
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
An Angry Letter to the “Stupid” Galatians
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Background Information
• Written at same time as 2 Cor. 10-13
• Paul once again battling for his apostolic authority
• The recipients– The northern Galatia theory– The southern Galatia theory
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Background (cont’d.)
• The identity of Paul’s opponents– Possibly Judaizers from Jerusalem– More likely religious syncretists from
Galatia
• Purposes for writing– Paul hopes to prove he is a real apostle– Paul hopes to demonstrate validity of his
version of the Gospel
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Paul’s Freedom from Institutional Authority (1:1-2:14)
• Paul’s Gospel of heavenly not earthly origin
• Paul’s claims of independence from the Jerusalem apostles
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Justification by Faith (2:15-3:29)
• Replacing law with faith– Torah’s penalties for sin paid by Jesus’
voluntary death on the cross– Paul’s vicarious experience of Christ’s
crucifixion and new life– Galatians’ possession of the Spirit came
only upon their belief
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Justification (cont’d.)
• The role of the Mosaic Torah in human salvation
– Torah a temporary device designed to indicate human sin
– Torah a guardian to guide and protect until faith in Christ comes
– Torah now obsolete and irrelevant
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Paul Concludes His Argument
• All believers as heirs of Abraham (4:1-31)
• The responsibilities of freedom (5:1-6:10)
– A problem with antinomianism in Galatia– Lists of vices and virtues– Role of the Spirit in producing ethical
behavior
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Letter to the Romans
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Introduction
• Purpose, place, and time of composition– Addressed to a church he did not found– May be a circular letter– Ch. 16 probably added later– Paul’s overture to the Romans for support for a
missionary trip to Spain– Paul’s plans to take a collection of money to the
Jerusalem church
• Organization
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Introduction (1:1-15)
• Jesus as Son of God
• Paul’s plan to preach the Gospel in Rome
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
The Human Predicament (1:16-3:31)
• Theme verse: 1:16: justification by faith the path to salvation for everyone
• The Gentiles’ error: their willful rejection of knowledge of the one true God
• The Jews are equally guilty: their willful disobedience of the Law
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Abraham the Model for Faith (4:1-25)
• Abraham believed God, and God declared Abraham “righteous” (Gen. 15)
• A distinctly different interpretation of Gen. 15 in James 2
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Faith in Christ: Deliverance from Sin and Death (5:1-7:25)
• Roles of Adam and Christ
• Paul refutes distortions of his teaching on freedom
• The Law’s holiness and human perversity
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Renewed Life in the Spirit (8:1-39)
• The Spirit’s presence in a person as overcoming the domination of sin
• Personal redemption only one aspect of the coming renewal of the universe
• A doxology
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Israel’s Unbelief (9:1-11:36)
• God’s promises intended only for a faithful remnant of Israel
• God’s freedom to choose who will accept God
• A kind of predestination?• Jewish rejection of Jesus made possible the
evangelization of Gentiles• Paul’s confidence that “all Israel will be
saved”
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Behavior in the Church and in the World (12:1-15:13)
• Paul concludes with ethical admonitions• Cooperation with governmental authority
– Government portrayed as divinely ordained institution
– Written before Paul’s arrest and imprisonment by Rome
– Does not imply that believers should not resist illegal or immoral governments
©McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Summary
• Galatians: Paul’s passionate defense of his apostleship and justification by faith
• Romans: Paul’s most systematic treatment of Paul’s teaching on justification by faith