McDowell County Game Land Proposed Shooting Range ......NCW17557 – McDowell County Sound Study...

McDowell County Game Land

Proposed Shooting Range

Sound Study

Prepared For:

North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission

Division of Engineering and Land Management

January 2018

Prepared by:

FREESE AND NICHOLS, INC.

717 Green Valley Road, Suite 200

Greensboro, North Carolina 27408

336-790-6744

NCW17557 – McDowell County Sound Study

January 2018

NCW17557

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 3

2.0 SHOOTING SESSIONS 3

3.0 SOUND MONITORING 4

4.0 SOUND DATA 5

5.0 RESULTS OF SOUND STUDY AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 6

6.0 CONCLUSION 7

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 8

APPENDICES

8.0 TABLES AND FIGURES 9


January 2018

1.00 PROJECT BACKGROUND

This document is to serve as a sound study report for the proposed shooting range located in

McDowell County, North Carolina. The primary purpose for this sound study is to collect data in

the vicinity of the proposed shooting range location in order to understand the levels of sound

emanating from the proposed shooting range site that may be heard by nearby residents, if the

shooting range was to be constructed. This sound study also evaluated the effectiveness of

sound containment devices, or sound dampening tubes, supplied by North Carolina Wildlife

Resource Commission. The purpose of this document is to summarize the sound study and the

findings of this study.

2.00 SHOOTING SESSIONS

The sound study was conducted on November 28th, 2017 on a clear day, free from cloud cover

or precipitation. Temperatures were cool, approximately 55˚F with an average humidity of

54% and moderate to variable winds of approximately 9-10 mph from the south. To conduct

the sound study, representatives from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission

(NCWRC) and Freese and Nichols Inc. (FNI) agreed to conduct a shooting session at the

proposed shooting range site in McDowell County (35°37'57.10"N 82°0'9.69"W). The shooting

session was conducted in a manner similar to a typical practice shooting session which could

be expected at a shooting range of this type (small arms pistol and rifle).

The NCWRC and FNI staff assigned to perform the shooting for this study, used three different

types of firearms. These firearms are as follows:

1. Pistol Glock (.357 Sig)

2. Rifle Remington Bolt Action (.243 Win)

3. Pistol (9 mm) (only used for pistol volley at the end of the session)

The sound study consisted of one shooting session which lasted for a duration of approximately

half an hour (11:56 am – 12:24 pm). The session consisted of firearm discharge at the shooting

range site in the following order: Pistol – No Tube, Pistol – In Tube, Rifle – No Tube, Rifle – In

Tube, and Pistol Volley. For the execution of the sound study, a total of 10 shots were fired

during each of the four sequences mentioned above, followed by a pistol firing volley at the

end. The scenario for the shooting sessions were conducted as follows:

• The staff discharged a total of 10 rounds of ammo for each sequence of pistol and rifle

during the shooting session. Pistol – No Tube was the first firearm to be discharged by

the staff, followed by Pistol – In Tube. Next, Rifle – No Tube was discharged by the staff,

followed by Rifle – In Tube. The last sequence completed by staff was the Pistol Volley.


January 2018

a. There were two sequences of pistol firing, in which the first set was “Pistol-

No Tube” where a pistol was discharged without the use of any sound

dampening device. The second sequence, “Pistol – In Tube”, involved the use

of a sound dampening tube provided by the NCWRC. There were 10 rounds

of ammunition without the sound dampening tube and 10 rounds discharged

using the sound dampening tube.

b. There were two sequences of rifle firing, in which the first set was “Rifle- No

Tube” where a rifle was discharged without the use of any sound dampening

device. The second sequence, “Rifle – In Tube”, involved the use of a sound

dampening tube provided by the NCWRC. There were 10 rounds of

ammunition without the sound dampening tube and 10 rounds discharged

using the sound dampening tube.

c. The staff discharged a volley of shots, “Pistol Volley”, using both the 9mm

pistol and the .357 sig pistol. This sequence was performed to simulate the

rapid fire and cumulative sound of several shooters firing at one time.

Qualitative observations of this sequence were noted to compare to the

auditory impression of individual shots in the previous sequences.

3.00 SOUND MONITORING

For monitoring the sound levels, four (4) 3M SoundPro SE/DL-2 sound meters were used to

record sound levels before, during, and after the shooting sessions described above. These sound

level meters are capable of recording sound levels up to 129.5 decibels (dB). All four sound level

meters were set to the “impulse” response setting and “A” weighting, as it most closely

approximates the human ear response to sound. The sound level meters were calibrated prior to

recording of the sound levels at the four monitoring sites identified below. A windscreen was

installed on the tip of the microphone of each sound level meter to reduce sound disturbances

caused by physical contact and wind turbulence.

The sound level meters were operated by FNI and NCWRC staff. The NCWRC staff were informed

of their duties in regards to recording shot times. Three test sites were selected based on their

proximity to residences and to provide a variety of distances and vegetative cover from the

shooting range. Each of the three test sites were given a site nomenclature of A, B, and C as

shown on Table 1. In addition, the shooting range and test site locations are depicted in Figure 1

included in the appendix.


January 2018

Table 1 – Test Site Location Summary

Location Latitude Longitude Distance from Range

(miles)

Shooting Range Site 35°37’54.43”N 82°0’38.57”W 0

Test Site A 35°38'8.22"N 82° 0'18.09"W 0.4

Test Site B 35°37'54.57"N 82° 0'1.85"W 0.5

Test Site C 35°37'40.84"N 82° 0'0.64"W 0.6

Each operator set up the sound level meter on a tripod and placed the meter so that it would

be in a relatively open area free of reflective surfaces. Each operator had a two-way radio for

communication with the shooting range in order to receive instructions as to when to start and

stop recording sound levels, and to communicate any issues during the test. For the period of

time during which each sound meter was recording sound, the operator kept a log of noises

heard, including ambient noises (e.g. bird chirps, wind, vehicles driving by, planes overhead)

and the sound of any gunshots. The time at which each noise was heard was recorded so that

it could later be analyzed with the time record of the shots fired from the shooting range. The

operator also noted any qualitative information about the noises heard (e.g. "shots were

loud", "shots were faint and distant", "shots barely audible").

4.00 SOUND DATA

Sound meters were set to record continuous sound levels for the duration of the shooting

session. During each of these times the following sound level readings were logged by each

sound level meter:

• Lpeak- highest impulse sound pressure level in decibels (Note: sound level meters

were set on impulse mode) obtained during the preset 1-second recording interval

for the sound level meter (Note: sound was assessed for each 35-microsecond

interval during each 1-second recording interval to determine the peak);

• Lavg - average sound pressure level in decibels for each recording interval of 1

second; and

• Lmax - root mean square (rms) of maximum sound pressure levels in decibels during

each recording interval of 1 second. The Lmax is usually less than the Lpeak.

Sound levels were recorded before, during and after the shooting session. The approximate

times for each type of firearm for the shooting session were as follows (Table 2):


January 2018

Table 2: Shooting Session (Shooting Range Site):

Shooting Sequence Time

1. Pistol – No Tube 11:56:10 am – 11:58:18 am

(Pause)

2. Pistol – In Tube 11:59:51 am – 12:03:08 pm

(Pause)

3. Rifle – No Tube 12:08:42 pm – 12:11:55 pm

(Pause)

4. Rifle – In Tube 12:13:33 pm – 12:16:49 pm

(Pause)

5. Pistol Volley 12:23:48 pm – 12:24:20 pm

The Lpeak sound level data are typically more representative of the sound impulse levels

from firearms used at a shooting range. Typically, the Lmax and Lavg sound levels are less

than the Lpeak. Thus, the analysis of the sound impulse levels focused on Lpeak. The Lpeak

sound level data are presented for review in a graphical form with a tabular summary of

the data in the attached Appendix.

5.00 RESULTS OF SOUND STUDY AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

At Test Site A, sounds such as heavy traffic including cars and semi-trucks, vehicles running over

rumble strips, as well as environmental noise (wind and leaves) in the vicinity contributed to

the recorded sound levels. The meter operator could identify the sound of gun shots but

described them as being “faint” or “audible but not prominent”. The meter operator was unable

to make note of all ten shots fired for any particular shooting session due to ambient noise or

lack of noise emanating from the site. The operator noted that one shot was able to be heard

from pistol fire while the NCWRC tube was in use.

At Test Site B, sounds such as a slight breeze, rustling leaves, and constant traffic noise

contributed to the recorded sounds levels. The meter operator described the rounds of fire they

were able to detect as ranging from “very faint” to “distinct”. The meter operator was able to

make note of all 10 shots fired for each shooting session. The operator noted the shots were

clear and audible but not loud and often faint.

At Test Site C, sounds such as a constant highway traffic noise and water rushing from the outfall


January 2018

of the nearby dam outlet contributed to the recorded sounds levels. The meter operator

described the rounds of fire they were able to detect as ranging from “muffled” to “faint but

distinct”. The operator noted throughout each shooting sequence that any shots that could be

heard were drowned out by the vehicle and semi-truck traffic from the nearby highway.

Overall the maximum Lpeak sound levels during the shooting session came primarily from

ambient noises (i.e. semi-trucks and cars passing) with shots only faintly or barely audible during

most shooting sequences, if they were heard at all by the observer. The proximity of the

Interstate highway to the test locations created a fairly constant background noise of semi-

trucks and other vehicles passing by, especially as trucks would consistently swerve onto the

rumble strips along the edge of the highway creating additional ambient noise. Only during the

rifle shooting sequence without sound dampening measures were some shots described as

“prominent” or “distinctive” by the observer and distinct peaks are discernible above ambient

levels on the sound data graphs (see Appendix).

The results of the data analysis and observer notes for the shooting range is summarized in

Table 4. Table 5 details the maximum Lpeak values measured at both Test Site A and Test Site

B. The table shows the maximum, minimum, and average Lpeak values recorded from ambient

noises and firearm noises for each firearm type. If a distinct peak could not be discerned from

the data for a particular shot during the test, it is labeled as “indiscernible above ambient”,

meaning the shot was either inaudible as to be indistinguishable from ambient noise, or that

ambient noise was at that moment louder than the shot. Ambient noise levels tend to have a

broader base when graphed due to sound being elevated for several seconds, indicating the

max level came from an ambient source. Table 6 gives reference Lpeak values for shots and

ambient noises that could be discerned in the Lpeak data.

6.00 CONCLUSIONS

Test Site A

Quantitative

• During the shooting session, no evidence of disturbing sound levels (i.e. sound levels

above 90 dB) from ambient sounds were evident during the sound study.

• No evidence of disturbing sound levels (i.e. sound levels above 90 dB) from firearms

were evident at Test Site A.

Qualitative

• FNI and NCWRC staff had difficulty identifying all ten shots from each shooting sequence

and described many shots as faint, muffled, or audible but not prominent.


January 2018

Test Site B

Quantitative




were evident at Test Site B.

Qualitative

• The observer noted that shots that were heard were often audible but faint. Some

“distinctive” shots were heard during the rifle sequence outside of the sound tubes.

Test Site C

Quantitative




were evident at Test Site B.

Qualitative

• Observer noted that any shots that were heard were no louder than that of the noise

emanating from the highway. The shots were audible but often muffled or faint.

In summary, none of the sound levels emanating from the shooting of the weapons at the

shooting range site produced sound levels above what is considered disturbing (i.e. 90 dB).

It is important to note that the above sound study was conducted without mitigation measures

that would be included in the design of the shooting range and therefore provides a comparative

analysis of a scenario in which shooting tubes are utilized and one in which they are not.

7.00 RECOMMENDATIONS

Given the results of the sound study, recommendations for the proposed shooting range

would suggest that the facility maintain a well vegetated buffer along the property line and

between any residential areas to maintain the good results observed during the analysis.

Ambient conditions in the area are substantial and muffle the noise from the firearms well.


January 2018

8.00 APPENDIX – TABLES AND FIGURES

!( Recording Locations

Figure 1: Vicinity Map McDowell County Game Lands

Proposed Shooting RangeMcDowell County, North Carolina

1/4 MILE

1/2 MILE

3/4 MILE

1 MILE

0 1,500 3,000750Feet±

USGS The National Map: National BoundariesDataset, National Elevation Dataset, GeographicNames Information System, NationalHydrography Dataset, National Land CoverDatabase, National Structures Dataset, andNational Transportation Dataset; U.S. Census

Table 3: Recorded Shot Times at Shooting Range Adjusted for Test Sites

Time Lpeak* Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C Time Lpeak* Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C

11:56:20 AM 129.5 11:56:22 PM 11:56:23 PM 11:56:23 PM 12:00:00 PM 129.5 12:00:02 AM 12:00:03 AM 12:00:03 AM










Rifle - In Tube

Time Lpeak* Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C Time Lpeak* Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C

12:08:51 PM 129.5 12:08:53 AM 12:08:54 AM 12:08:54 AM 12:13:40 PM 129.5 12:13:42 AM 12:13:43 AM 12:13:43 AM










Time Lpeak* Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C Distance from Range (ft) Time Delay (s)

12:08:51 PM 129.5 12:08:51 PM 12:08:51 PM 12:08:54 AM 1923 1.71

12:09:14 PM 129.5 12:09:14 PM 12:09:14 PM 12:09:17 AM

12:09:35 PM 129.5 12:09:35 PM 12:09:35 PM 12:09:38 AM

12:09:56 PM 129.5 12:09:56 PM 12:09:56 PM 12:09:59 AM Distance from Range (ft) Time Delay (s)

12:10:17 PM 129.5 12:10:17 PM 12:10:17 PM 12:10:20 AM 2865 2.54

12:10:37 PM 129.5 12:10:37 PM 12:10:37 PM 12:10:40 AM

12:10:57 PM 129.5 12:10:57 PM 12:10:57 PM 12:11:00 AM

12:11:15 PM 129.5 12:11:15 PM 12:11:15 PM 12:11:18 AM Distance from Range (ft) Time Delay (s)

12:11:40 PM 129.5 12:11:40 PM 12:11:40 PM 12:11:43 AM 3364 2.99

12:12:04 PM 129.5 12:12:04 PM 12:12:04 PM 12:12:07 AM

*Measured at the shooting range. In this study the sound from all shots at the shooting range exceeded the maximum recording limit of the sound meter (129.5 dbA)

Test Site B Time Difference

Test Site C Time Difference

Test Site A Time Difference

Pistol - In Tube Time of Shot Adjusted for Distance

Pistol Volley Time of Shot Adjusted for Distance

Time of Shot Adjusted for Distance

Pistol - No Tube Time of Shot Adjusted for Distance

Rifle - No Tube Time of Shot Adjusted for Distance

Table 4: Summary of Lpeak Values Recorded During Shooting Session at Test Site Locations During McDowell County Game Lands Sound Study

Weapon Type Description Max. Min. Avg. Notes Nuisance2

Lpeak from Ambient (dB) 69.7 59.8 64.2 No

Lpeak from Pistol (dB) No




Lpeak from Rifle (dB) 70.1 67.7 69.1 No


Lpeak from Rifle (dB) No


Lpeak from Volley (dB) No



Lpeak from Pistol (dB) 60.5 57.8 59.1 No


Lpeak from Pistol (dB) 58.5 58.1 58.3 No


Lpeak from Rifle (dB) 71 61.7 64.9 No













Lpeak from Rifle (dB) No



Pistol - In Tube

Rifle - No Tube

Note: Lpeak values for weapons noise determined from observation of distinct peaks in data that correlate with noted time at which weapon was discharged at firing line and/or heard and noted by observer at sound meter location.

1 The noise meter collects data on the loudest sound for a given instant and the shot is either within the limits of the ambient noise and does not stand out or is not the loudest sound recorded at that instant. This is often the case when observers indicate that they can barely hear the

shots or that they only hear some of the shots. Noise levels from the shot are therefore well within the range of the ambient noise and well below nuisance levels.

2 Nuisance level is sound levels above the disturbing sound level value of 90 dB.

Continuous general highway noise was present at the recording location. Semi-trucks and other highway vehicles, in addition to sound emanating from the outfall

from the pond adjacent to the test site. account for the maximum noise levels.

Indiscernible from ambient1


from the pond adjacent to the test site. account for the maximum noise levels. No shot was discernible in the recorded sound data.Indiscernible from ambient1Rifle - In Tube

Pistol Volley

Sh

oo

tin

g S

es

sio

n 1


from the pond adjacent to the test site. account for the maximum noise levels. No shot was discernible in the recorded sound data.Indiscernible from ambient1

Test Site B

Test Site C

Rifle - In Tube

Pistol - No Tube

Pistol - In Tube

Rifle - No Tube

Rifle - In Tube

Pistol - No Tube

Pistol - In Tube

Rifle - No Tube


from the pond adjacent to the test site. account for the maximum noise levels. No shot was discernable in the recorded sound data.


from the pond adjacent to the test site. account for the maximum noise levels. No shot was discernible in the recorded sound data.Indiscernible from ambient1

Pistol - No Tube

Continuous general highway noise was present at the recording location. Semi-trucks and other highway vehicles account for the maximum noise levels. No shot

was discernible in the recorded sound data.


was discernable in the recorded sound data.

Continuous general highway noise was present at the recording location. Semi-trucks and other highway vehicles account for the maximum noise levels.


was discernible in the recorded sound data.

Pistol Volley

Pistol Volley

Sh

oo

tin

g S

es

sio

n 1

Sh

oo

tin

g S

es

sio

n 1



was discernible in the recorded sound data.Indiscernible from ambient1


Test Site A

Continuous general highway noise was present at the recording location.





Continuous general highway noise was present at the recording location.


Table 5: Maximum Sound Levels During Recording

Test Site A Test Site B Test Site C

Table 6: Ambient Noise Reference Summary Table

Site Location Lpeak (dB) Nuisance1

Ambient Noise Description

77.3 No

80.8 No

74.8 No Traffic Noise



71 No Traffic Noise




73.5 No Semi-Truck Passing



Test Site A

Test Site B

Test Site C

1 Nuisance level is sound levels above the disturbing sound level value of 90 dBA.

Traffic Noise

Semi-Truck on Rumble Strip

78.3

Sound Meter Location

80.8 76

Maximum Lpeak for Volley (dB)

78.3

Indiscernible

67.1

IndiscernibleIndiscernible Indiscernible

Maximum Lpeak for Period of Record excluding

shooting sequences(dB)

Maximum Lpeak for Period of Record (dB)

80.8 76

Maximum Lpeak for Pistols (dB) Indiscernible 60.5

Maximum Lpeak for Rifles (dB) 70.1 71

Symbol Time

S -

X 11:55:08

A1 -

A2 12:04:12

The above figure depicts the compiled data recorded at Test Site A with the regions highlighted in red where shot sequences took place.

Legend

Description

Shot

Indeterminate Noise

Traffic Noise

Semi-Truck Running Over Rumble Strip

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So

un

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dB

)

Time (HH:MM:SS)

Figure 2 - Continuous Sound Data Recording from Shooting Session

McDowell County Shooting Range Sound Study - Test Site A

Lpeak Device Recording

Pistol - No Tube Pistol - In Tube Rifle - In TubeRifle - No Tube Shot Volley

A1 - 77.2 A1 - 77.3

A2 - 80.8

A1 - 74.8

**Tick mark placed at time of shot fired at range, adjusted for distance to site**

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B)

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Figure 3 - Data Analysis Graph

Recorded Lpeak Values at Test Site A

Pistol Fire Without Shooting Tube

McDowell County Game Lands

ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾꟾꟾꟾ

Symbol Time

A1 12:00:34Traffic Noise


Legend

Description

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So

un

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Le

ve

l (d

B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)



Pistol Fire in Shooting Tube


ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ

A1 -77.3

Symbol Time

S -

A1 -

X --

Discernible Shot



Indeterminate Noise


Legend

Description

55

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So

un

d P

ress

ure

Le

ve

l (d

B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)



Rifle Fire Without Shooting Tube


ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾꟾ

S -67.7

ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾꟾꟾ

S -69.8 S -70.1

S -68.7

X-73.4

S -69.4

S -67.9

A1 -71.6

X -72.9

X-70.2

X-63.6


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So

un

d P

ress

ure

Le

ve

l (d

B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)



Rifle Fire in Shooting Tube


ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾꟾ ꟾ

Symbol Time

A1 --




Legend

Description

55

57

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751

2:2

2:4

8 P

M

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So

un

d P

ress

ure

Le

ve

l (d

B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)



Pistol Volley


ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ ꟾ

A1 -71.1

Symbol Time

S -

X -

A1 -

**During recording period, constant background noise included rustling leaves, traffic noise from adjacent

highway, and slight breeze.**

Legend

Description

Shot

Indeterminate Noise

Traffic Noise

The above figure depicts the compiled data at Test Site B with the regions highlighted in red where shot intervals took place.

40

45

50

55

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65

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75

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85

11

:55

:30

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11

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12

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PM

So

un

d P

ress

ure

Le

ve

l (d

B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)


McDowell County Shooting Range Sound Study - Test Site B


A1 - 67.5

Pistol - No Tube Pistol - In Tube Rifle - No Tube Rifle - In Tube Shot Volley

A1 - 68.2

A1 - 72.7 A1 - 73.1A1 - 70.1

Symbol Time

S -

X -

Discernible Shot


Legend

Description

Inderminate Noise

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

59

61

63

65

So

un

d P

ress

ure

Le

ve

l (d

B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)


Recorded Lpeak Values at Test Site B




S -58.7 S -58.5 S -58.9

S -60.5

S -57.8

S -59.9

X -57.6

X -59.9

X -59.9

Symbol Time

S -

X -

Discernible Shot


Legend

Description

Inderminate Noise

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

11

:59

:51

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11

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So

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Time (HH:MM:SS)






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Symbol Time

S -Discernible Shot



Legend

Description

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So

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Le

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Time (HH:MM:SS)






S -66.7

S -61.7


S -66.7

S -61.7

S -63.3S -63.1 S -62.8

S -65.2

S -70

S -71

S -63.4

S -61.9

Symbol Time

S -

X -

Discernible Shot


Legend

Description

Inderminate Noise

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So

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Le

ve

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B)

Time (HH:MM:SS)






S -62.7

S -62.4S -61.2 S -61.8

S -63.3

X -59.3X -59.6

S -60.6 S -60.1

X -58.6


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So

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Time (HH:MM:SS)



Pistol Volley



Symbol Time

S -

X -

A1 -

A2 12:03:53

The above figure depicts the compiled data at Test Site B with the regions highlighted in red where shot intervals took place.

Legend

Semi-Truck Passing

Highway Noise

Indeterminate Noise

Shot

Description

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So

un

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Time (HH:MM:SS)


McDowell County Shooting Range Sound Study - Test Site C


Pistol - No Tube Pistol - In Tube Rifle - No Tube Rifle - In Tube Shot Volley

A1 - 71.9A2 - 73.5

A1 - 71.9

A1 - 74.4

A1 - 78.3

A1 - 75.5


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ress

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Recorded Lpeak Values at Test Site C





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Pistol Volley



McDowell County Game Land Proposed Shooting Range ......NCW17557 – McDowell County Sound Study...

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Transcript of McDowell County Game Land Proposed Shooting Range ......NCW17557 – McDowell County Sound Study...