MBT-Presentation on Biotechnology 09 May 2012
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Transcript of MBT-Presentation on Biotechnology 09 May 2012
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Biotechnology for
Human Welfare
Naiyyum Choudhury
Professor, BRAC University &
Secretary, BAS
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BIOTECHNOLOGY-DEFINITION!
What is Biotechnology?
Biotechnology may be defined as a set of modern tools
that utilize living organisms or parts of it cell or tissue or
genes/DNA to make or modify or improve plants or
animals or develop microorganisms for specific use and
their large scale production.
Industrial use of recombinant DNA
Trangenic plant development
Cell fusion
Novel bioprocess technologies and Bioremediation
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Traditional and New Biotechnology
Traditional Biotechnology
Biotechnology has been employed by
humans for millenia. Examples include
production of beer, cheese ans bread
New Biotechnology
Recent development in molecular biologyhave given biotechnology a new meaning,
new horizon and new potential through
use of recombinant DNA technology
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Gradients 0f Biotechnology
-TraditionalMicrobial Fermentation
Biological nitrogen fixation
Plant Tissue Culture
Embryo Transfer Technology
Monoclonal Antibody
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Modern Biotechnology
-cost rising!
Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic Engineering of MicrobesGenetic Engineering of Plants
Genetic Engineering of Animals
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Milestones in Biotechnology
1950-1960- DNA Strucure unfolded
1960-1970- Plant Tissue Culture
Plant ProtoplastReverse transcriptase
1970-1980- Restriction Enzymes
Gene Cloning
Agrobacterium in Planttransformation
1980-1990- PCR Technology
GM Insulin
1990-2000- Dolly sheep, Animal Cloning, GM
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Transgenic Plants
More than 4000 plants have been
developed with GE methods with new
characteristics
Tolerant to freeze
Modification of ripening or softening
Shel life increase
Modification of sweetening of fruits
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Other Areas of application
Food ingredients
Starter culture
Peptide growth hormone
Nutritional quality improvement
Trasngennic animals
Heath And diagnostic products Recombinat dairy products
Hazardous waste treatment
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Food ingredients
Amino acids
Vitamins
Sweetening agents
Organic acids
Antimicrobial agents Flavouring agent i.e. MSG
Various enzymes
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Transgenic Animals
Transgenic animals for increased milk, meat
and pharmaceutical products
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Health and Diagnostics through GE
-Cancer imaging agents
-Recombinant dairy products
- Autoimmune therapeutics
- Diabetes therapy
- Growth/healing proteins
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Genetically Engineered Pharmaceuticals
Human insulin
Human growth hormone
Alpha interferon
Hepatitis B vaccine
Interleukin
AIDS treatment
GE bacteria for agriculture
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Agricultural
Feedstocks &Chemicals
Industrial
inorganic
chemicals
Fertilizers
Other
agricultural
chemicals
Medicinals
& botanicals
Pharma-ceutical
preparations
Diagnostic
substances
Biological
products
Drugs &
Pharmaceuticals
Medical
Devices &Equipment
Laboratory
apparatus &
furniture
Surgical,medical, dental,
& analytical
instruments &
equipment
X-ray &
electromedicalequipment
Hospitals &
Laboratories
General
medical &
surgical
hospitals
Psychiatric
hospitals
Specialty
hospitals
Medical &
dentallaboratories
Research
& Testing
Biological
research
Medical
research
Food &
seed testing
laboratories
Veterinary
testing
laboratories
Product-Oriented Service-Oriented
Source: Battelle Memorial Institute
Biotech Wheels
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The Bioscience Subsectors
AgriculturalFeedstock &
Chemicals
Drugs &Pharmaceuticals
Medical Devices &
Equipment Research & Testing
13%
37%
17%
33%
13% 17%
33%37%
Agricultural Feedstock & Chemicals
Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
Medical Devices & Equipment
Research & Testing
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Agri-biotechnology and Healthcare
-GM Crops-GM Crop based Products
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Global GM crop scenario
Area coverage ~68 million hectare
Market value ~ US$ 5.0 billion
Major crops in commerce: soybean, maize,
cotton,canola, tomato, potato, rice
Major traits of interest: insect resistance, viral
resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought/salinity
tolerance, nutritional quality.
[estimated global bio-pharma market ~US$ 15 b]
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I t t Bi t h H lth
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Important Biotech Healthcare
products for molecular farming 1986: Human growth hormone in tobacco
1989: IgG in tobacco
1992: Hepatitis B surface antigen in tobacco
1992: Alpha amylase in tobacco
1995: IgA in tobacco 1997: Avidin in maize
2001: Vaccine in potato
2003: Functional antibody in algae 2005: Human anthrax antibodies in tobacco
It is estimated that by 2010 the market for this segment will
touch US$ 100 billion
C i l S h lth
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Commercial Scope: healthcare
Biotech products R-therapeutics & diagnostics: US$ 50b (2005);
US$ 200b (2015);
Phytomedicine, nutraceuticals & beauticeuticals:
US$ 30b (2005); US$ 60b (2015);
Dietetics food & enzymes: US$ 90b (2005); US$
250b (2015);
Bioinformatics & embeded systems: US$ 02b
(2005); US$ 06b (2015).
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Mass propagation industry: Major
problems EOU vs domestic market
High volume low value
High risk on quality control & quarantine aspect
Highly competitive
Secured market based on IP is not possible
Automated production for minimizing cost of
production needs huge capital investment
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GM Crops 2011
This is a historical landmark in that it is the
first time for more than 160 million hectares of
biotech crops to be grown in any one year. Inorder to appropriately account for the use of
two or three "stacked traits", that confer
multiple benefits in a single biotech variety, is
15% higher than the estimate of 160 millionhectares.
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Biotechnology and Developing
Countries
-Interseted but directly not involved in Modern
Biotechnology
-Have National policy on Biotechnology and
research programme; little in-country modernbiotechnology
-Have national policy, research programme
and international collaboration
-Have national policy, modern biotech researchprogramme; storng overseas linkage in public
and private sectors
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Biology is in a fundamental revolution asknowledge acquisition is exponential
Post genomic pharmaceutical (targeted drugs) arebased on
Human genome at the chromosomal level
Advent of computer power
Robotics New automated models
Nano technologies
Key Points
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Key Points
The biotechnology promise
Increase agricultural productivity
Increase pharmaceutical specificity Reduce hunger
Improve Healthcare
This technology will move therapeutic fromsymptomatic treatment to disease-modifying new medicine
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Key Points
Gene - environment interaction
Through knowledge of genomicsand proteomics targeted drugs (not
based on Symptoms) can be
created.
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Key Points
The activation of research groups in the
south promoted by major research
institute based in developed countries byproviding stable funding for these
groups. This approach could make
possible the development of new
therapeutic drugs and vaccines designed
specifically for LDCs related
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Key Points
Technology transfer which seems to
be a gateway to a new and promising
economic development in those
countries where a good level of
entrepreneurship is already able to
promote and produce innovations
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Key Points
Public awareness has to be promoted to
balance fears and opportunities. Each
country should be able to sort out thebenefits from the hazards of
biotechnology; recognizing ethical
concern and helping the public makemore informed choices. This could help
foster international cooperation in
biotechnology research
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Government initiatives for
Biotechnology in Bangladesh
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R&D Priorities for Biotechnology gineering in
Bangladesh
Agriculture sector
Health sector
Industry sector
Energy sector
Environment sector
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National Committee on Biotechnology Product
Development
I n September 1993, a National Committee on BiotechnologyProduct Development was formed and f inal ly the followingproducts were selected :
Rhizobial inoculants for use as biofertilizers
Yeasts as protein supplement of poultry feed
Tissue culture derived post exposure anti-rabies vaccine
Tissue culture based foot and mouth disease vaccine
Bamboo saplings by ex-vitro and in-vitro methods
Biogas technology for fuel, fertilizer and environmentalPollution control
Production of high quality potato seeds by using tissueculture
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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Concept initiated : 1984 NCST approval : 1993
Feasibility study : 1993
PCP approval : 1995
ECNEC approval : 1999
Project work initiated : July 2000
Estimated cost : 2768.24 Lakh Taka (Revised)
Project completed in 2008
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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Located in Ganobari, Savarin the campus of Atomic
Energy Research Establishment
Total Floor space of the laboratories : 2250 sq. m.
Number of Laboratory : 6
Total number of scientists to work : 100 at the moment less
than 10 scientists
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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Bangladesh has adopted the National BiotechnologyPolicy in July 2006 to accelerate multidimensional
biotechnological research for augmenting human welfare
in all respects such as food security, health and a sound
environment in particular.
The NIB is intended for the application of biotechnology-based technologies as per guidelines of National
Biotechnology Policy.
The tools of biotechnology are currently being applied
across the biological sciences to address problems inagricultural crop improvement, marine sciences and
aquaculture, environment, pharmacy, forensics and public
health.
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFBIOTECHNOLOGY
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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFBIOTECHNOLOGY
National Institute of Biotechnology is situated at
Ganakbari beside Shreepur Kasampur road, at a total
area of 11.5 acre of land. NIB will act as a Nationalfocal point to co-ordinate biotechnological activities
in the country. The institute deserves its contribution
for upgrading the socioeconomic development of the
country through developing of high yielding varietiesof crops, generation of employment, poverty
alleviation, women empowerment, human resource
development and awareness creation about the
importance of application of biotechnology in
agriculture, environment, health and industrial
sectors.Research Divisions of NIB
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Research Divisions of National
Institute of BiotechnologyIB
1. Plant Biotechnology Division
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Plant Tissue Culture
Plant GeneticTransformation
Plant Breeding
DNA fingerprinting of plants
Marker aided selection of plants Management of crops pest and
pathogens
gy
Plant tissue culture for large-scale multiplication of
rare, endangered, flower and fruit plant. Development
of pathogen free, insect-pest and environment stressresistant plant through tissue culture and genetic
transformation. Molecular characterization of local
plant species
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2. Microbial biotechnology Division
Genetic improvement of industrialmicroorganisms
Production of enzymes, chemicals and
other biotech products of industrial
importance
Development of biotech pharmaceuticalproducts
Protein Engineering
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3. Animal Biotechnology Division
Characterization, selection, conservation and geneticimprovement of animal through modern
biotechnological methods
Production of biotech-derived therapeutics /
diagnostic kits, antibiotics and vaccines
>Improvement of feed quality through
biotechnological approaches
Preservation technique of animal products.
4. Fisheries Biotechnology Division
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Gene library construction of critically endangered,
endangered and vulnerable fishes of Bangladesh
Pure Gene line (Inbreeding) preparation for carp and
other fishes.
Development of improved strains of fish through
selective Breeding
Production of Sustainable variety (out breeding) ofCritically Endangered Fish
Production of transgenic fish through gene
manipulation
Selective production of Monosex fish populations (allmale or all female)
Storage of fish sperms and embryos by freezing
Characterization of fish using molecular markers
Production of Biotech improved fish feed
. s e es otec o ogy v s o
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Environmental Biotechnology Division
Development of biopesticides, biofertilizer and
bioremediation agents Development of appropriate waste management
programme
Evaluation of ecological impacts of transgenic organisms
Preservation, development and long term conservation of
bioresources
Alternative energy from renewable bioresources
Biofertilizer for different crops
Alternative energy from renewable bioresources
bio-remediation agents Bio-mineralization process
bio-indicators and bio-pesticides
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Molecular Biology Division
Vector preparation Cloning
Gene expression study
DNA fingerprinting and profiling cDNA library, genomic DNA library
and gene bank construction
Sequencing of genes and DNA ofinterest
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NIB will play a very important role in the filed
of biotechnological research for agricultural,
environmental, medical, food and industrial
development of the country.
The Institute is intended for the application of
biotechnology-based technologies as per
guidelines of National Biotechnology Policy. The tools of biotechnology are currently being
applied across the biological sciences to address
problems in agricultural crop improvement,
marine sciences and aquaculture, environment,
pharmacy, forensics and public health.
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NECB
National Executive Committee on
Biotechnology with Proncipal Secretary
to the Prime Minister as Chair 12 Members including two expert
members
Secretary, S&T is the member Secretary,NECB
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Ploicy Directions, Monitoring and
Implementation Mechanism
National Task Force on Biotechnology Developmentformed with Honble Prime Minister as the
Chairperson
State Minister for Science and Technology- Vice
Chairman
25 Members including Secretaries of relevant
mninistries, Chairman, BCSIR,BAEC and BARC
and one expert member on Biotechnology by name
Secretary, S&T is member Secretary of the NTBB
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National Technical Committee
NBT Policy 2006 NTC for Biodiversity
NTC for Biosafety
NTC for Crop Biotechnology
NTC for Livestock and Fisheries
NTC for Medical Biotechnology
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NTC as per National
Biotechnology Policy 2012 1. NTC Agricultural Biotechnology
2. NTC Animal Biotechnology
3. NTC on Fisheries Biotechnoology 4. NTC on Env. Biotechnology
5. NTC on Medical Biotechnology
6. NTC on Industrial Biotechnology 7. NTC on Human Resource Development
8. NTC on Biosafety
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Coordination and Management
Committee as per NBT Policy 2012
18 Member Coordination and
Management Committee with Secretary,S&T as Chair and
DG NIB as member Secretary
Experts from relevant disciplines andrepresentatives from relevant ministries
i i f S i
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Ministry of Science and
Information & Communication
Technology
Focal Ministry for coordinating activities of allthe National Technical Committees
Secretary, MOSICT is the Member Secretaryof the National Task Force and also the
National Executive Committee
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Conclusion
It is encouraging to note that Biotechnology hasbeen take as a thrust area like ICT by thepresent government.
The initiatives at the highest level of the Policymakers may result in some fruitfulbiotechnology work at all levels
Promotion of appropriate Biotechnology willplay a significant role in Poverty alleviation,Food security, improved health andenvironment and overall socioeconomicdevelopment of the country
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Draft National Biotechnology
2012 National Biotechnology Policy updated
and a draft National Biotechnology
Policy 2012 is in the process of approvalby the government.
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Strategic Roadmap
Strategic Roadmap to implement
National Biotechnology Policy has been
drafted containing strategic goals, policysupport, human development and
research and innovations in some selected
areas of biotechnology with short,medium and long term activities by the
relevant agencies
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Research and Innovation Plant biotechnology Animal biotechnology
Fisheres biotechnology
Medical biotechnology
Industrial biotechnology
Environmental biotechnology
Nano biotechnology
Bioinformatics and IT enabled
biotechnology
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Strategic Roadmap
In each of these areas action plans for short,
medium and long term implementation have
been developed with strategy actions like
regulatory measures
institutional capacity building and
strengthening and
Priority research programmes for the
implementing agencies
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Strategic Roadmap
Also includes biotech entrepreneurship
development, awareness creation
programme
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Recent initiatives by the NIBEstablishment of Gene Bank at the NIBCampus
To conserve existing plants, animals, fish and
microbial genetic resources To make available gentic resources and relevant
information to different organizations for
research and development purposes
Human resource development awarenesws
creation and formulate necessary guidelines for
conservation of genetic resources
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Biotechnology Incubator
Objective;
Establishment of internationally
acceptable GMO testing and certifyingcentre
Establishment of an analytical facilities
and providing necessary assistance forcommercialization of biotechnology
resarch
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NationalBiotechnology
Policy 2006 and
Draft NationalBiotech Policy
2012
.
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Time frame set for the draft
National Biotechnology Policy Formulation Committee formed on
May 17, 2004
First Meeting of the Committee held on May 22, 2004
Decisions: A Working Group formed to prepare a draft of the NBP
National Technical Committees will send respective Committeesinput to the Working Group by June 05, 2004
Working Group will submit the first draft by June 12, 2004
Next Meeting of the Committee will be held on June 19, 2004(today)
Second draft will be submitted by the Working Group on May 26,2004
3rd Meeting of the Committee to consider the 2nd draft will be held on
July 01, 2004
Final draft will be submitted by the Working Group based oncomments received on July10, 2004
Working Committee for
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g
preparation of the Draft National
Biotechnology Policy Dr. Naiyyum Choudhury, BAS
Dr. Md Abdur Razzaque, BARC
Dr. M.S. Islam, NIB
Dr. Kh. Md. Nasiruddin, BAU
Dr. Mustafizur Rahman, D.U.
Dr. Haseena Khan, D.U.
Dr. Md. Mokbul Hosain, BAEC.
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Preamble
Biotechnology includes Anytechnological application thatuses biological system, livingorganisms or derivatives thereof
to make or modify products orprocesses for specific use
Has helped increase productivityin crops, livestock, fisheries andforestry
Spectacular development hastaken place in medicalbiotechnology, environmentalbiotechnology and fermentationtechnology
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World Scenario
Last 20-25 years have been the golden age of
Biotechnology
DNA technology has strongly captured themarket in pharmaceutical field with hitherto
unknown genetically engineered drugs,
In agriculture, animal health, fermentation
and environment protection significant
achievement has taken place globally
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Status of
Biotechnology in Bangladesh
Bangladesh has made somestrides in traditionalBiotechnology like tissue
culture ,traditionalfermentation
Yet to start in real earnestnessnew Biotechnology for
improvement of plants, animalsindustrial microorganisms etc.
.
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Vision
Sustained food ,health and livelihood and health
security through environment friendly
biotechnology research and development
Establishing research-extension-end user
linkage and public-private-partnership
Meet millennium Development Goals through
promotion of conventional and modernBiotechnologies for socio-economic development
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GoalThe main goal of the NAIONALBIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY would be toensure sustainable development of
agriculture-food, nutrition, health,environment and livelihood of peoplethrough strengthening national capacity inconventional as well as modern
biotechnology, biosafety, bioethics, IPR andbiosurveillance
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Objectives
Bio-resources Inventory
Infrastructure development
Human resource development
Bioinformatics
Bio-safety, Bioethics,
IPR
Entrepreurship development
PublicPrivate -Partnership
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Policy Statements
Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Identification of priority areasof Biotechnology Research and
Development
Funding Mechanisms forBiotechnology Research
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Policy Statement(contd)
Infrastructure Development Optimum utilization of existing facilities
Strengthening of existing biotechnology
laboratories in R&D organizations andacademic institutions
Creation of Centre(s) of Excellence
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Policy Statement-contd.
Human Resource Development Academic Programme
Short Term Training for biotech
Researchers Training of Policy Makers
Training on IPR
Training on Risk Analysis and RiskManagement in biotech Research andApplications
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Policy Statement-
Identification of Priority Areas Plant Biotechnology Animal Biotechnology
Aquaculture
Medical Biotechnology
Industrial Biotechnology
Environmental Biotechnology
Biodiversity Conservation
Human Genetics and Genomics
Bioinformatics Biosafety and Bioethics
IPR related Issues
Policy Statement-
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Policy Statement-
Funding Mechanisms for
Biotechnology Government Funding
Self Reliance and Sustainability
Contract Research
Innovation incentives for Researchers
Public-Private Sector Partnership
International Funding
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Policy Statements (Cont.)
Creation of Enabling Environment forBiotechnology Enterprise
Commercialization Management of Intellectual Property
Indigenous Community Knowledge and IPR
Bio-safety, Bio-surveillance and Bio-ethics Regional and International Collaboration
Public Awareness measures For Transparencyin Biotechnology Work
Creation of Enabling Environment
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Creation of Enabling Environment
for Biotechnology Enterprise
Establishment of Biotechnology
Enterprise (Bio-Valley)
Biotech Incubators
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Policy Statements(contd.)
Commercialization
Management of Intellectual Property
Indigenous Community Knowledge and IPR Bio-safety, Bio-surveillance and Bio-ethics
Regional and International Collaboration
Public Awareness measures For Transparencyin Biotechnology Work
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Implementation and Monitoring
Immediate Action Programme
Formation of National Task Force
National Executive Committee onBiotechnology National Author ity on
Biotechnology)
Priority Plan for different Areas of
Biotechnology (Twenty Year Perspective Plan for Priori ty
Programme), Funding for Human Resource
Development, Institutional development,
Centre(s) of Excellence
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Organizational Arrangement for
the Policy DocumentMinistry Of Science and Information &Communication Technology being thefocal Ministry for promotingBiotechnology will review the NationalPolicy from time to time for updating,harmonizing and standardizing the
Policy document in the light of globaldevelopment in this field keeping in viewour national needs and interest.
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Biosafety Aspects
Ministry of Environment and Forest is the
Focal Ministry for dealing with all aspects
related to biosafety
The Biosafety Guidelines has been re-examined
and updated
Work in progress on Biosafety Framework
Biosafety Act formulation may take some time