mbre nternton Emnton Camridge Internationa enera … (0460...dditiona aterias uer rotractor Cacuator...

This document consists of 28 printed pages and 1 Insert.

DC (ST/SW) 108423

© UCLES 2014 [Turn over

*9179448317*

GEOGRAPHY 0460/12

Paper 1 October/November 2014

1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials: Ruler

Protractor

Calculator

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.

Write in dark blue or black pen.

You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.

If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)

must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions.

The Insert contains Photographs A, B, C and D for Question 2, Photographs E and F for Question 3, and

Photograph G for Question 4.

The Insert is not required by the Examiner.

Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

2

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

QUESTION 1

1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about some of the factors which influence population density.

extreme

climate

high

steep

land

remote

and difficult

to get to

lack of

resources

temperate

climate

flat low

land

good

transport

network

LOW DENSITY

HIGH DENSITY

industry

and natural

resources

Fig. 1

(i) What is the difference between a high and a low population density?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Using Fig. 1 only, state the relationship between:

access and population density;

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

relief and population density.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

3

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014 [Turn over

(iii) Explain how variations in climate can influence population density.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iv) Explain how industry and natural resources can lead to a high population density in an area.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [4]

4

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about the population structure of Japan (an MEDC) in 2005 and 2020 (estimated).

80+75–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–14

5–90–4

population (in millions)

Japan – 2005male female

5 567 6 74 43 32 21 10 0

80+75–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–145–90–4

population (in millions)

Japan – 2020 (estimated)male female

5 567 6 74 43 32 21 10 0

Fig. 2

(i) Describe the changes which are expected to take place in the population structure of Japan between 2005 and 2020. You should refer to the young dependents, economically active, and old dependents.

Young dependents

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Economically active

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Old dependents

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

5


(ii) Suggest reasons for the expected changes in Japan’s population structure between 2005 and 2020.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[5]

(c) For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by overpopulation.

Name of country ...............................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]END OF QUESTION 1

6

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

QUESTION 2

2 (a) Study Fig. 3, a map of Gdansk, an urban area in Poland (an MEDC), along with Photographs A, B, C and D (Insert).

Bay of Gdansk

0 5

km

A

CBD

boundary

built up area

Key

N

Fig. 3

(i) Write the letters B, C and D into the correct boxes on Fig. 3 to show their likely location in the urban area. The location of Photograph A has been done for you. [1]

(ii) Give two pieces of evidence from Photograph A that the area shown is part of the CBD (Central Business District).

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]

7


(iii) Describe the causes of traffic congestion in the CBDs of major urban areas.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iv) Explain how the problems of traffic congestion in cities can be solved.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [4]

8

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows information about urban growth in the USA.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

perc

enta

ge

of U

S p

op

ula

tio

n liv

ing

in

urb

an

are

as

70

80

1910 1920 1930 1940 1950

years

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

suburbs

central areas of cities

Key

total urban

population

Fig. 4

(i) Describe the changes in the total percentage of population living in urban areas in the USA between 1910 and 2000. You should include statistics in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

9


(ii) Suggest why the percentage of the urban population living in the suburbs of cities in the USA has increased rapidly since 1910.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [5]

10

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(c) For a named example of a town or city you have studied, describe the impacts of urban sprawl on the natural environment.

Name of town or city ...............................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 2

11


QUESTION 3

3 (a) Study Fig. 5 and Photograph E (Insert), which show an area of coastline.

N

0 250

metres

500

chalk

sand and clay

limestone

height above sea level (metres)10

Key

122

10Lulworth

Cove

Sea 40

60

Fig. 5

(i) What is the width of the entrance to Lulworth Cove?

...................................... metres [1]

(ii) Identify the type of rocks which form:

the entrance to Lulworth Cove;

...........................................................................................................................................

the back of Lulworth Cove.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Suggest how Lulworth Cove was formed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

12

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(iv) Explain why areas of coastline, such as the one shown in Photograph E, are important to many people.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Study Photograph F (Insert), which shows a stack.

(i) Describe three features of the stack shown in Photograph F.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

13


(ii) Explain the formation of a stack.

You may include a labelled diagram as part of your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[5]

14

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(c) For a named area you have studied, explain the conditions required for the formation of a coral reef.

Name of area of coral reef ...............................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks] END OF QUESTION 3

15


QUESTION 4

4 (a) Study Figs 6 and 7, which show information about the Mississippi River floods in 1993.

N

Missouri Rive

r

Missis

sip

pi R

ive

r

Mis

sissippi River

Wisconsin

Minnesota

South

Dakota

Nebraska

Kansas

Oklahoma

Arkansas

Mississippi

Tennessee

Kentucky

Illinois

Indiana

Missouri

Iowa

St. Louis

river

areas affected by flooding

lake

state boundary

0 50 100

km

150Key

Fig. 6

16

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

In June 1993, the Mississippi River flooded an area the size of England.

The flat area on either side of the river is called the flood plain, an area where the river would naturally flood and deposit fertile sediment. However, settlement and economic activity are increasingly located on the flood plain.

For many years, engineers have managed the river to prevent flooding. The river has been straightened, 200 dams have been built and levées have been made even higher. The river waters now flow up to 12 metres above the level of the surrounding land. The cost of these measures is 180 million dollars a year in maintenance alone.

Fig. 7

(i) Name two states which were affected by the flooding in 1993.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Using evidence from Fig. 6 only, suggest two reasons why there was serious flooding at St. Louis.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Using Fig. 7, identify three methods used to try to prevent the flooding of the Mississippi River.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

17


(iv) Explain why settlement and economic activity on flood plains is likely to increase the hazard of river flooding.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Study Photograph G (Insert), which shows a waterfall.

(i) Describe the features of the waterfall shown in Photograph G.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Suggest what might happen to the waterfall in Photograph G in the future. Give reasons for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [5]

18

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(c) Describe and explain one of the following types of weathering. You may use a diagram.

Carbonation Exfoliation

Weathering process chosen ...............................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 4

19


QUESTION 5

5 (a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about international tourists who visit Kenya from different continents.

Key

0.5%

international tourists

arrow widths

tourists

Tropic ofCancer

Tropic ofCapricorn

Equator

10%

19%

60%

N

SouthAmerica

Asia

EuropeNorth

America

Africa

Australasia

Kenya

Fig. 8

(i) What is meant by international tourist?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Compare the percentage of international tourists to Kenya from Europe and Asia. You should include statistics in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

20

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(iii) Suggest reasons why the number of tourists to Kenya from different parts of the world varies.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iv) Explain why international tourism has increased in the last 50 years.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

21


(b) Study Fig. 9, information about Kenya.

COME TO KENYAN

Equator

MountKenya

KENYA

0 100

national parksand game reserves

main cities

internationalboundary

major beach area

coral reef

Key

200

INDIAN

OCEAN

Lake

Turkana

LakeVictoria

km

Nairobi

Mombasa

Maasai MaraGame Reserve

SamburuGame

Reserve

MarsabitGame

Reserve

AmboseliNational Park

MeruNational

Park

TsavoNational Park

Gre

at R

ift Valle

y

Fig. 9

(i) Using only evidence from Fig. 9, suggest three different types of tourism which are important to Kenya.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ....................................................................................................................................[3]

22

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(ii) Explain how the creation of game reserves and national parks in Kenya is likely to help tourism to be sustainable.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [5]

23


(c) For a named area you have studied, describe the benefits and problems of tourism for local people.

Name of area ...............................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 5

24

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

QUESTION 6

6 (a) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about the employment structure of three countries in Asia.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100percentage of workforce

China

Japan

Malaysia

primary

Key

secondary

tertiary

Fig. 10

(i) What percentage of the population of Malaysia works in the primary sector?

......................% [1]

(ii) Describe two differences between the employment structures of China and Japan.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) In rural areas of Malaysia there is still much primary employment. However, in the cities, such as Kuala Lumpur, there are many service industries in the CBD and high technology industrial parks in the rural-urban fringe.

Give an example of:

primary employment in a rural area;

...........................................................................................................................................

an industry which is likely to locate on a high technology industrial park;

...........................................................................................................................................

a service industry in a CBD.

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

25


(iv) Explain why there is a large reduction of the workforce in the primary sector as a country develops.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Study Fig. 11, information about the exports of Malaysia.

0

25%75%

50%

01970 2008

25%

Key

rubber

tin

oil / gas

others

manufacturedgoods

75%

50%

Fig. 11

(i) Using Fig. 11, describe the changes in Malaysia’s exports between 1970 and 2008. Use statistics from Fig. 11 in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

26

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

(ii) Explain why many high technology industries have grown up in newly industrialised countries (NICs).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[5]

27


(c) For a named area you have studied, describe the impacts of agriculture on the natural environment.

Area studied ...............................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 6

28

0460/12/O/N/14© UCLES 2014

Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 2 Fig. 4

Question 2 Photographs A–D

Question 3 Photographs E & F

Question 4 Photograph G

© Michael Raw; Geography in Place: Homework Copymasters; Collins Educational; 1999; ISBN 0003267032.

S. Sibley © UCLES.

S. Sibley © UCLES.

S. Sibley © UCLES.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every

reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the

publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local

Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

Additional PageIf you use the following lines to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

mbre nternton Emnton Camridge Internationa enera … (0460...dditiona aterias uer rotractor Cacuator...

Documents

Transcript of mbre nternton Emnton Camridge Internationa enera … (0460...dditiona aterias uer rotractor Cacuator...