19 May 1972Vol. 176, No. 4036 SCIENC:E

LETTERS Science and Techniology: A. M. Russell; T. W. Jefjries; Sex Discrimination:J. G. Gutwillig; P. R. Gross; Admission Policies: R. I. Walter; A. W. Asttin;Controlling the Earth's Temperatures: D. D. Elliott; Herzberg in Canada:G. F. Wrighlt

EDITORIAL Can Stockholm Succeed?: H. H. Landsberg

ARTICLES The Pressure Variable in Materials Research: D. B. McWhIant

Transmissible Multiple Drug Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: J. E. Davies andR. Rowntd

Plant Pests and Diseases: Assessment of Crop Losses-: L. Chiarappa, H. C. Chiang,R. F. Smith

Population Trends of the 1960's: C. Taeuber

NEWS AND COMMENT

BOOK REVIEWS

Protessional Societies: Identity Crisis Threatens on Bread and Butter Issues

Turks Gather on Boardwalk: Debate Role in Political Arena

Israel: Pollution Problems Rife but Other Issues Take Priority

FAS Group En Route to China

Lives 1lhrough Time, reviewed by L. J. Cronibach; Affinity and Matter, D. P. Jonies;Introduction to Middle Missouri Archeology, R. A. Kraluse; Introductiona la Phytogeogr.phie des Pays Tropicaux, H. G. Baker: Books Received

REPORTS Deuterium Content of Snow as an Index to Winter Climate in the Sierra NevadaArea: I. Frieanlszasand G. I. S,nlitli

Terrestrial Atmospheric Comiiposition trom Stellar OcculLitions: P. B. Hays.R. G. Roble. A. N. Sllhah

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS MINA REES GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M. RIESER DAVID BLACKWELL LEWIS M. BRANSCOtvMRetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect RICHARD H. BOLT BARRY COMMONER

VICE PRESIDENTS AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)SECTION SECRETARIES John W. Tukey Herbert Friedman Martin Paul George B. Field

F. A. Ficken Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. Landolt

PSYCHOLOGY (I) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (LDale B. Harris James S. Coleman Everett MendelsohnWilliam D. Garvey Harvey Sapolsky Raymond J. Seeger

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) AGRICULTURE (0) INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) EDUCATION (Q)Linwood F. Tice Roy L. Lovvorn Jacob E. Goldman Lloyd K. JohnsonJohn Autian Michael A. Farrell Jordan D. Levis Phillip R. Fordyce

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISIONGordon Harrison Irma Duncan Roy A. Young Robert C. Miller John R. Lacher Marlowe G. AndersonPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary President Executive Secretary

SCIENCE is published weekly, except the last week in December, but with an extra issue on the third Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the Advancement oScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthly®. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright © 1972 bhthe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Annual subscription $20; foreign postage: Americas $3; overseas $5; air freight to Europe, North Africa, Near East $16single copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientific Instruments which is $4. School year subscription: 9 months, $15; 10 months, $16.75. Provide 4 weeks notice foichange of address, giving new and old address and zip codes. Send a recent address label. SCIENCE is indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.

Hepatic Collagen Metabolism: Effect of Alcohol Consumption in Rats and Baboons:L. Feinman and C. S. Lieber .. ..........................................

Chromosomal Proteins in the Dinoflagellate Alga Gyrodinium cohnii: P. J. Rizzoand L. D. Nooden ..................................................

Viral and Cellular DNA Polymerase: Comparison of Activities with Synthetic andNatural RNA Templates: M. S. Robert et al...............................

Cribriform Degeneration (cri): A New Recessive Neurological Mutation in theMouse: M. C. Green, R. L. Sidman, 0. H. Pivetta ..........................

Primate Phylogeny and Immunological Distance: C. 0. Lovejoy, A. H. Burstein,K. G. Heiple .......................................................

Insulin Receptor of Fat Cells in Insulin-Resistant Metabolic States:G. V. Bennett and P. Cuatrecasas ......................................

Crystal Structure of Ethylene Di-11 -bromoundecanoate: D. L. Dorset and A. Hybl ....

Reversible Inhibition of Chloroplast Movement by Cytochalasin B in the GreenAlga Mougeotia: G. Wagner, W. Haupt, A. Laux ..........................

Hyperprolinemia and Prolinuria in a New Inbred Strain of Mice, PRO/Re:R. L. Blake and E. S. Russell ...........................................

Unit Responses to Moving Visual Stimuli in the Motor Corex of the Cat:T. J. Teyler, C. Shaw, R. F. Thompson ...................................

Technical Comments: Human Virus Vaccines: Why Monkey Cells?: L. Hayflick;J. C. Petricciani, H. E. Hopps, D. E. Lorenz; Turbidity of the Atmosphere:Source of Its Background Variation with the Season: H. W. Ellsaesser;R. F. Pueschel and H. T. Ellis; Galactose Toxicity in the Chick: Hyperosmolalityor Depressed Brain Energy Reserves?: H. R. Knull, W. W. Wells, L. P. Kozak;J. I. Malone, H. J. Wells, S. Segal .......................................

MEETINGS Engineering Foundation Conferences: S. S. Cole; The Bar Harbor Course inMedical Genetics: V. A. McKusick; Order in an Anarchic Field: D. Francis;Bryozoology II: T. J. M. Schopf; Forthcoming Events ......................

WARD H. GOODENOUGHCARYL P. HASKINS

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E)Frank C. WhitmoreWilliam E. BensonENGINEERING (M)Newman A. HallRaynor L. DuncombeINFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATION (1)

Andrew A. AnesScott Adams

DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN WILLIAM T. GOLDENPHYLLIS V. PARIINS Treasurer

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (FG)Ian Sussex

>Richard J. GOSSMEDICAL SCIENCES (N) DENRobert W. Berliner JosF. Douglas Lawrason SholSTAISTICS: (U) ATMOSPHEFW. Duane Evans SCIENCE-Ezra Glaser John A. Kma

Louis J. ea

WILLIAM BEVANexecutive Officer

ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Richard N. AdamsAnth on Leeds

I-TISTRY (Nd)-ph 1. Henyloin PearimanRIC AND HYDROSPHERICaussattan

COVER

View southeast along the SierraNevada, California (from about70,000 feet). Foreground area is Emi-grant Basin, north of the prominentGrand Canyon of the Tuolumne Riverin Yosemite National Park; MondLake is in left middle distance. OwensValley is elongate depression beyondSierras near top of view. See page 790.[U.S. Geological Survey photograph(No. HA041 L-004) taken 2 April1970 by the U.S. Air Force]

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorported in1874. Its objects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate coopration among them, toimprove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under-standing and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods of science in human pross.

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.19 May 1972, Volume 176, Numbe

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the

presentation and discussion of important issuesrelated to the advancement of science, includingthe presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, rather than by publishing only materialon which a consensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, news and comment. and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted bythe AAAS or the institutions with which the authorsare aMliated.

Editorial Board1972

ALFRED BROWN FRANNK PRESSJAM8S F. CROW FRANK W. PUTNAMTHOMAS KUHN WALTRI 0. ROBERTSELLIOTr W. MONTROLL

1973H. S. GUTOWSKYARTHRu D. HASLERRUDOLP KOMPFNaRDANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.

GARDNER LINDZLYRAYMOND H. THoMPSONEDWARD 0. WILSON

Editorial StaffEditor

PHILIP H. ADELSONPublisher Business ManagerWILLIAM BIVAN HANs NUSSBAUMManaging Editor: RoBEaT V. ORMESAssistant Editors: ELLEN E. MURPHY, JOHN E.

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LEY, ROBERT GILLETTE, NICHOLAS WADE, CONSTANCEHOLDEN, BARBARA J. CULLITON, SCHERRAINE MACKResearch News: ALLEN L. HAMMOND, WILLIM

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-r 4036 SOlENOE:

Can Stockholm Succeed?With the opening of the Stockholm Conference only days away, it has

become obvious that what is most needed now is a severe cutback in ourexpectations-else the affair will go down as a failure.How have we got into this bind? Quite logically. Early misgivings

that the conference could come to be regarded as the "rich men's club,"laying down to the rest of the world the rules of appropriate environ-mental behavior, led to a decision to define human environment in verybroad terms. While toxic emissions and mine tailings degraded the qual-ity of life in the rich countries, the formula went, lack of drinkablewater and the ravages of pathogens imperiled life itself in the rest ofthe world. All of these problems qualified as conference material.The strategy accomplished its primary purpose: the initial hostility

of the less-developed countries abated, and "environmental concern" wasproclaimed to be a necessary dimension of development, not a competi-tor for funds and attention. Conflicts caused by the impact of environ-mental policies on trade, investment, and aid were recognized eLrly,and this led to intelligent discussion and some guidelines to remedialaction and acquisition of necessary knowledge.

Unhappily, the structure has proved to be shaky. Once developmenthad become a dimension of the environmental problem, it quicklyattained prominence. The ensuing argument began to focus on obstaclesto development and who was to blame for them, increasingly so as thetechnicians active in the preparations for the conference gave place totheir political superiors. Varying with who is discussing it, the confer-ence is expected to do something about poverty, hunger, discrimination,disease, and inequalities of income, education, and opportunity-in sum,the human condition. New demands are still surfacing; for example,several African countries announced in mid-April their intention to havethe conference condemn apartheid and endorse their demand for repara-tions from the colonial powers responsible for damage done in the pastto their natural and human resources. All this comes on top of systemsof worldwide monitoring, agreements on avoiding such damaging activi-ties as dumping waste in oceans, preservation of areas or elements ofvalue to mankind as a species, and a declaration of principles on thehuman environment to be pungent, inspiring, comprehensive, and agree-able to all. Nor is the level of expectations reduced by the expected influxof interested observers-on the contrary. Apart from the forum set up withthe cooperation of the conference to accommodate the various environ-mental, conservationist, and scientific organizations that cannot operatein an intergovernmental meeting, one or more counter-forums will beset up by and for those who view the official forum as dominated by the"establishment." These counter-forums can be expected to highlightwhatever they judge to be the shortcomings of the conference. Therumor mill has it that 10,000 to 50,000 people, mostly young, will beconverging on Stockholm to engage in this task. Whether this is reasonto rejoice or despair we shall not know until the conference is over.Can the environmental donkey carry the load that is now accumulating

on its back? Stockholm is an important way station. It was not designedto solve the problems of mankind. In what sense, then, can Stockholm"succeed"? It will be a success if it can tread water from 5 to 16 Juneand keep from sinking under the weight of highly motivated, ill-addressed,and altoget-her exaggerated expectations.-HANS H. ,LANDSBERG, Director,Appraisals Program, Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C.20036.