Máy bay hoạt động như thế nào?

8/7/2019 My bay hot ng nh th no?

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My bay hot ng nh th no?Susan Markowitz Meredith

Trn Nghim dch


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Khng kh xung quanh chng ta ............................................ 1Hai loi phi thuyn ................................................................. 4Kh cu khng kh nng ......................................................... 6Kh cu bay ............................................................................ 8Phi thuyn nng hn khng kh: C s khoa hc ............... 10Bn lc tc dng .................................................................. 12Bay trn my bay ................................................................. 14Vn trn khng m khng cn cp lc ............................. 16My bay dn dng loi ln .................................................. 18Trc thng ............................................................................ 20My bay qun s .................................................................. 22Thit k xanh .................................................................... 24Bay mi ni ...................................................................... 26Thut ng ............................................................................. 28


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My bay hot ng nh th no? 1

Hy i ra ngoi vo mt ngy lng gi. Bn s sm nhn ra khng khmnh bit dng no. N c th nng mt con diu ln cao trn bu tri vtc dng y ln khinh kh cu v mang n i ra. Nhng ngay c khi khngkh lng gi, bn cng c th cm nhn sc mnh ca n khi bn di chuyn.Hy ngh ti chuyn i xe p chng hn. Bn p xe cng nhanh, th khng

kh la vo mt v c th bn cng mnh. Hy si tay bn ra bn tay hihng v pha trc khng kh ang chuyn ng s nng n ln.

C l chng ta khng nhn thy khng kh, nhng n hin din xungquanh chng ta. Tht vy, hn hp ny ca cc cht khbao xung quanh Trit ging nh mt tm chn khng l. Nhng cht kh ny, ging nh mi vtcht, cu to gm nhng ht rt nh gi l phn t.

C gi ny thch th dc xungchn i trn chic xe p camnh, c c th cm nhnkhng kh ang la vo mt vc th mnh.


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Cc phn t khng kh lun lun chuyn ng. Chng cng chuyn ng rakhi ng i ca chng ta khi chng ta i qua. Nhng khng kh cng yngc ln chng ta t mi pha. Cc phn t khng kh c trng lng.

Sinh ra bay, con mng bin ny s dng i cnh ca n bay ling trong khng kh.

Thit k bay

Trong hng th k, con ngi hiu r khng kh hnh x nh th no.Nhng cc nh ch to my bay cn hiu mt s ci khc na. H bit rngcu trc ca h, hay chic my bay, phi c thit k theo mt kiu nhtnh no . Khi c thit k nh vy, chic my bay mi ln i trn trutrong khng kh. Khi khng c thit k nh vy, chic my bay s khng

bao gi ri khi mt t c.


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Mi loi phi thuyn u c thit k bay trong khng kh. Nhngkhng phi phi thuyn no cng bao ging nhau. Tht vy, c hai loi phithuyn. Mt loi c gi l nh hn khng kh. Cn loi kia c gi lnng hn khng kh.

Mt phi thuyn nh hn khng kh c th ni bng bnh. N c th nhhn v trng lng so vi khng kh xung quanh n. Qu kh cu lm xic l

th d n gin ca loi phi thuyn ny. Trc khi bm y, qu kh cukhng chuyn ng. Trng lng ca n ko n tr xung. Nhng bm yti vi cht kh helium, th qu kh cu bay ln. Ti sao hin tng ny xy ra?

Nguyn do l helium nh hn nhiu so vi khng kh.

V sao con diu bay c?Phi thuyn nng hn khng kh th

c khc. N vn lun lun nng hn khng

kh xung quanh n. Loi my bay ny bayv mt nguyn do khc. Nhng b mt can lm cho khng kh nng my bay ln.Mt phi thuyn nng hn khng kh ngin l con diu. Con diu c nhiu hnhdng v kch c. Nhng chng u cch to bay ln trong gi.

Loi diu m mi ngi trn th giithch chi a l diu hnh con chim. Loi

diu ny c th tm thy trn khp th gii.

Mt con diu th nng hn khng kh. Nhng vomt ngy lng gi, khng kh chuyn ng bn

di con diu c th nng n ln cao trn bu tri.


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Ch vic xp v bayMt kiu phi thuyn nng hn

khng kh d ch to l my bay giy.Bt u l mt t giy phng. Khi

phng ln th t giy phng t t ritr xung sn nh. Nhng ch sau mtvi np gp, t giy tr thnh mtchic my bay. Vi hnh dng mi can, t giy ct ln v bay ngang qua

phng.


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a s chng ta u tng thy chng. To ln v sc s mu sc,nhng qu kh cu khng kh nng mang ngi i nhng hnh trnh di trongkhng kh. Lm th no n c th bay nh vy?

Nhng chic phi thuyn nh hn khng kh ny c vi phng thchot ng khc nhau. Th nht, mi kh cu khng kh nng c mt ci ticha y khng kh, hay lp v. Do kch c ln ca n, ci ti c th nh

git i rt nhiu khng kh. Nhng khng kh di sang ch khc y ngctr li. Tht vy, khng kh b dch ch ny tc dng lc mnh n mc ngi cho ci ti ni ln. Ni cch khc, ci ti l mt vt ni.

Nhng ci r buc vi ci ti th vn trn t. Ti trng ca thit bv con ngi m n mang th nng.

Qu kh cu khng kh nng sc s mu sc ni bng bnh trong Thung lng Napa California.


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Nung nng v lm ngui khng kh lm cho kh cu khng kh nng bay ln, ngi phi cng phi bt

n m di ci ti. M n to ra la. Khng kh nng nhanh chng dngvo ci ti khng l. iu ny lm nng cc phn t khng kh bn trong.Chng bt u chuyn ng nhanh hn. ng thi, mt s phn t thot rangoi qua pha di y ca ti. S thot ra li t phn t khng kh bntrong hn. Chng cng cch xa nhau hn. Khng kh bn trong khi kmm c hn khng kh bn ngoi, v v th n nh hn. Kt qu l g? Khcu khng kh nng bay ln cao.

h kh cu khng kh nng xung, ngi phi cng tt m n i.Khng kh bn trong ti ngui dn i. iu c ngha l cc phn t khng

kh chuyn ng chm dn. Chng cng tin n gn nhau hn. Khng baolu sau th c ch cho khng kh bn ngoi trn tr vo trong ti. C nhiuphn t hn khin cho khng kh bn trong ti tr nn m c hn v nnghn. V th, my bay s h xung.

Chuyn bay kh cu khng kh nng u tin Nm 1783, hai anh em ngi Php to nn lch s. Joseph v

Jacques Montgolfer ch to mt ci ti bng t v bm y khng khnng vo trong n t mt ngn la rm. H gn mt ci gi vo n v quanst thy kh cu khng kh nng ca h bay xa dn. Nhng ngi th bay utin l mt con vt, mt con g v mt con cu. Khng bao lu sau, nhnghnh khch con ngi u tin thc hin mt chuyn bay trn mt kh cuMontgolfer tri ni trn bu tri Paris trong gn na gi ng h.


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Kh cu khng kh nng c th bay, nhng chng khng th li c.Chng ch tri ni trong bt k hng no m gi mang chng i. Kh cu baycng l mt phi thuyn nh hn khng kh. Nhng khng ging nh kh cukhng kh nng, kh cu bay c mt ng c v cc cnh thng bng. Nhng

b phn ny cho php phi thuyn c li i bt k hng no m ngi phi

cng mun.Lp v bc ca kh cu bay c dng di v trn. Ngi ta thng dng

kh helium bm n. Kh helium c cha kn bn trong. N khng ththot ra ngoi. V helium nh hnkhng kh, nn lp v bc tri ni.

N l mt vt ni.

Nng ng c v cabinNhng ng c ca kh cu bay

th nng. Cabin, b phn cha ngiv hng ha, cng vy. Vy th phithuyn loi ny bay ln bng cch no?

i vi a s kh cu bay ngynay, cu tr li l ti kh. Chng lnhng ti nh cho khng kh bntrong lp v bc. Khng kh c thc bm vo hoc bm ra khichng. Khi khng kh c bm ra th

cc ti kh xp xung. Kh cu tr nnnh hn so vi khng kh bn ngoi.V th, n bay ln cao. h kh cuxung, ngi ta bm khng kh vocc ti kh tr li. Cng cha nhiukhng kh th kh cu cng nng. Khcu tr nn nng hn khng kh bnngoi. V th, h p xung.

Mt kh cu bay qua Ta nh ch thnhph New York


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Khng phi mi cht kh u ging nhau

Hindenburg l kh cu bay u tin mang nhng nhm nhiu ngi bayxuyn i Ty Dng. Con tu bay khng l di ti 245 mt. Lp v ca ncha kh hydrogen. Hydrogen th nh hn khng kh. Nhng khng ging nhhelium l cht kh khng bn la, hydrogen c th d dng bn la. l cixy ra vo ngy 6 thng 5 nm 1937. Kh cu Hindenburg pht n. Nhiuhnh khch ca n b thit mng. Bc nh trn chp li xc ca kh cu saukhi n.


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Phi thuyn nng hn khng kh khng c kh nng ni. Chng lunnng hn khng kh xung quanh chng. Tuy nhin, nhng phi thuyn ny cth ct cnh bay. lm nh vy, chng cn n khng kh chuyn ngnhanh v nhng b mt c hnh dng thch hp.

Cnh phi thuyn c ch to sao cho c hnh dng hon ho mbay. B mt pha trn ca n un cong ln. ng thi, ra trc ca n dyhn ra pha sau. Mt di ca cnh hu nh phng. Hnh dng ny c gil hnh cnh my bay.

Khi phi thuyn nng hn khng kh chuyn ng nhanh v pha trc,cc phn t khng kh p vo pha trc mi chic cnh ca n. Mt s phnt chuyn ng pha trn cnh. Mt s phn t khc chuyn ng bn di n.

Hai nhm phn t kh gp nhau pha sau cnh cng lc.

Khng kh chuyn ng nhanhCc phn t i qua pha trn cnh phi i xa hn trn ng cong

so vi cc phn t i qua mt di bng phng ca cnh. Cho nn khng khpha trn cnh phi chuyn ng nhanh hn. V khi khng kh chuyn ng

nhanh hn, cc phn t phn tn ra xa hn. Chng tr nn km c hn.Khng kh ny c p sut thp hn.

Nhng khng kh bn di cnh khng b km c i hoc b mt chtp sut no ht. Cho nn khng kh bn di cnh y ln cnh vi mt lcln hn khng kh pha trn cnh y xung. Lc ln hn y t di ln nygi l lc nng. Lc nng l ci lm cho my bay ri khi mt t.


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Hnh dng ca cnh my bay to ra lc nng lm cho my bay ri khi mt t.

ng hm gi

quan st khng kh chuyn ng xung quanh mt chic my baynh th no, cc nh khoa hc s dng nhng ng hm gi. Bn trongng hm, mt dng khng kh mnh thi la v pha my bay. Nhngngi kim tra thng thm khi hoc thuc nhum vo khng kh dquan st cc dng chy.


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Bn c th thy lc nng pht huy tc dng nu bn quan st my baytrn ng bng. Mt chic my bay ang sn sng nhn tc tht nhanh.Cc ng c ca n y n chuyn ng mi lc mt nhanh. Trong chc lt,lc hp dn vn gi chic my bay to nng trn mt t. Tuy nhin, cuicng th chic my bay chuyn ng nhanh ct ln. Vo lc , lc

nng mnh thng lc hp dn.Mt khi my bay ct cnh, cc ng c ca n hot ng ht cng

sut y phi thuyn v pha trc. Nhng khng kh cng tc dng lc yngc, hay lc cn, i vi my bay. Lc cn ny c gi l lc ko theo.

N lm chm nhng vt ang chuyn ng trong khng kh. Nu phi thuynchuyn ng chm i, th lc nng s nh hn thng ni lc hp dn. gi cho my bay trong khng trung v chuyn ng v pha trc, cc ngc hot ng mnh hn.

cho my bay bay trong khng kh, lc nng t cc cnh ca n phi mnh hn lc hpdn, v lc y v pha trc t nhng ng c ca n phi mnh hn lc ca khng khy ngc li.


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Mt khi chic my bay ny ct cnh xong, phi cng s thu cc bnh xe vo gim lcko theo khi my bay bay.

Lc ko theoCc nh ch to my bay bit rt nhiu v lc ko theo. H bit khng

kh cn tr mt s hnh dng nhiu hn so vi nhng hnh khc. l nguyndo cc nh ch to kh ng ha my bay ca h. Mt chic my bay khng ha cho khng kh chy m i xung quanh n. Mt my bay cha khng ha gi cc phn t khng kh xoy trn ch no . Kt qu l lcko theo ln hn, lm phi thuyn chm i.

Thu bnh xe ln

Cch thc thit k cc bnh xe ca my bay l mt th d hay ca skh ng ha. Cc bnh xe l cn thit cho s ct cnh v h cnh, nhngchng vn dnh bn ngoi khi my bay ang bay. V th, khng kh lin tcla vo cc bnh xe v chuyn ng xoy trn. N khng th chy qua chngmt cch m i. gii quyt vn ny, a s cc my bay ngy nay cnhng dng c thu bnh xe ln trong khi bay.


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My bay l phi thuyn nng hn khng kh c cc cnh c nh (nghal cc cnh khng chuyn ng) cng vi mt hoc nhiu ng c. nhiuchic my bay, ng c thng lm quay mt cnh qut. Cc cnh qutthng lp trn cnh hoc trn mi my bay.

Cnh qut gm mt vi cnh chong chng quay xung quanh mt tm,hay trc quay. Mt trc ca mi cnh thun trn. N c hnh cnh my bay.Khi cnh qut quay, n lm cho khng kh pha trc cnh chuyn ngnhanh hn pha sau chng. Khi , p sut khng kh pha trc cnh nhhn pha sau. S chnh lch p sut ny ht cnh qut v pha trc. My

bay cng b ht v pha trc.

Nhng my bay u ch c bay v pha trc l . Ngi phi cng cn

phi li c my bay na. V mc ch ny, my bay c cc mt iukhin. y l nhng vt c ng c trn cnh v ui ca my bay.

Cng dng ca nhng cnh nhVt iu khin trn mi cnh my bay c gi l cnh nh. Hai cnh

nh hot ng theo hng ngc nhau. Khi mt cnh nh ca cnh nng ln,th cnh kia h xung. Ngi phi cng s dng chng nghing my bay v

pha bn ny hoc bn kia. Chuyn ng ny c gi l lng lch.

Nhng cnh nh khu vc ui th lm my bay chuyn ng theokiu khc. ui li, b phn dng ng pha sau ui, c th nh ra khiui v pha tri hoc v pha phi. Ngi phi cng s dng ui li iukhin my bay sang tri hoc sang phi. Bay trch ng l mt tn gikhc cho chuyn ng ny.

phn ui cn c nhng cnh nh gi l bnh li cao. Ngi phicng cho nng hoc h hai cnh nh ny. Chng lm cho my bay thng lnhoc ln xung. Chuyn ng ny c gi l ling.


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Anh em nh WrightHai anh em x Ohio, Wilbur v Orville Wright, ch to ra my bay

c ng c u tin c kh nng lng lch, bay trch v bay ling. Phi thuynnh ca h, tn gi l Flyer, thc hin chuyn bay u tin vo ngy 17 thng12 nm 1903, gn Kitty Hawk, Bc Carolina. Trong bc nh ny, chp vongy hm , Orville iu khin my bay, cn Wilbur th gim st.


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Khng phi my bay c cnh c nh no cng c ng c. Tu lnkhng trung khng c ng c no c. nng khi mt t, n c mtmy bay ko dt trn ng bng. Khi my bay chy nhanh, th c hai phithuyn cng ct cnh.

cao trn khng trung, my bay th tu ln ra. T v sau, tu lnt bay ly. Vi b cnh di v mng ca n, tu lt vt i nh nhng trongkhng kh. S bay ln cng tht nh nhng.

Nhng v khng c ng c, nn tu ln khng th tip tc c yv pha trc trong khng kh. N dn dn mt cao, v lc ht hp dn a

phi thuyn tr v mt t.

Chic tu ln ny sp h cnh. Khng c ng c nn tu ln t t mt cao v b lchp dn ko v li mt t.


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Tm lung khng kh ang dng lnTuy nhin, ngi phi cng tu ln mun trong khng trung cng lu

cng tt. lm nh vy, h i tm nhng lung khng kh ang dng ln.Thnh thong, khng kh nng bc ln t mt cnh ng cy cy bn di.

Thnh thong c gi thi ln theo phng thng ng gn mt ngn nihoc mt di t. Nhng lung khng kh ny cng nng con tu ln lntheo. a s cc chuyn bay tu ln ko di t mt n nm gi ng h.

Ngi phi cng li con tu ln l lng ny ang tm kim lung khng kh bc ln trnnhng cnh ng nng nghip trong khng trung cng lu cng tt.

Bay tui 14 c bay trn tu ln, bn khng cn i n tui trng thnh.

Hc vin hng khng c th t bay tui 14. Nhng h phi luyn tp vt vtrc khi bay. H cn phi tham gia 30 n 40 chuyn bay cng vi gio vinhng dn. H cng phi hc tp rt nhiu th v s bay ln.

tr thnh mt phi cng tu ln c giy php, hc vin phi 16tui. M, Ban qun l Hng khng Lin bang (FAA) l c quan cp loigiy php ny.


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My bay dn dng loi ln v vn ti hng khng lun i song hnh vinhau. Mi ngi bay trn nhng chic my bay to ln ny i khp th gii.

Nguyn do l v my bay dn dng loi ln di chuyn nhanh. Chng c tht ti tc 800 n 960 km/h. Cc ng c phn lc ca chng gip chngthc hin iu .

ng c phn lc t mt loi nhin liu c bit to ra nhng cht khnng. Cht kh nng pht ra pha sau ng c vi lc y ln. Lc ny mnh y chic my bay s v pha trc.

iu khin mt chic my bay khng lV my bay dn dng thng rt ln, cho nn ngi phi cng li n cn

phi c nhiu cch iu khin n. l nguyn do v sao phi thuyn loi nyc thm cc cnh nh b sung. Khi ct cnh, cc cnh nh xe ra pha trcv pha sau lm cho cnh to hn. Mc ch l mang nhiu cho cnh lcnng ln hn. Vi lc nng ln hn, chic my bay nng n c th ri khimt t. Tuy nhin, mt khi my bay trn khng trung th cc cnh nh

tht tr vo. Ti sao ? Nhng chic cnh ln sinh ra lc ko theo trongkhng kh ln hn. Chng khng thun trn. Nhng khi my bay tip t,cc cnh nh nh ra tr li. Chng gip my bay h cnh nh nhng hn.

My bay dn dng cn c mt loi cnh nh khc gi l bnh lingang. Bnh li ngang nh ln lm phi thuyn i chm li. Mt bnh lingang dng ring cho bay. Mt bnh li ngang th hai dng cho h cnh.


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Chic my bay dn dng ny chun b h cnh s dng cc cnh nh ca n gim tc v th ra cc bnh xe tip t ca n.

My bay Concorde Vua tc Hi nm 2003, mt loi my bay dn dng ni ting ngh hu, tn

gi ca n l Concorde. Phi thuyn ny bay nhanh hn nhng my bay dndng khc n 12 ln. tc 2180 km/h, n bay nhanh hn tc ca mthanh. cao 18.300m, n bay cao gp gn hai ln so vi nhng my baydn dng khc. Concorde lp k lc nh vy nh hnh dng c bit v nhngng c phn lc mnh m ca n. Nhng chi ph iu hnh n rt tn kmv n khng th ch qu nhiu ngi. Cho nn cc cng ti c my bay

Concorde khng cho n bay na v h khng th thu li nhun t nhngchuyn bay Concorde.


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Ging nh my bay, trc thng l phi thuyn nng hn khng kh.Nhng cnh ca trc thng khng lp c nh. Cnh, hay chong chng, ca nc ni vi mt trc dc. Ton b n v c gi l rto. Rto quay trntrn nh u ca trc thng. Mt ng c c nhim v lm quay rto.

Cc cnh qut ca trc thng c hnh dng cnh my bay, y nh cnh

my bay vy. Chng cong pha trn v phng pha di. Khi chng quay,khng kh chy vng quanh chng. Cc phn t khng kh i qua cnhchuyn ng nhanh hn cc phn t bn di. Cho nn p sut khng kh

pha trn nh hn. Kt qu l g? Rto quay trn c nng ln v v th cchic trc thng c nng ln. Phi thuyn loi ny khng cn ng bng

ct cnh.

Trong khi chic trc thng cu hny ang l lng, ngi cng nhntreo bn di phi thuyn di mt tmkim nn nhn ca mt v l t.

Cc rto c chNhng rto khng ch c

nng trc thng ln. N cnmang sc y n cho trcthng. Ni cch khc, rto gipgi phi thuyn chuyn ngtrong khng kh.

Rto ang quay trn cniu khin phi thuyn na.

Ngi phi cng li trc thngbng cch cho rto nghing theonhng kiu khc nhau. Cc cnh

chong chng c th nghing u mt gc nh nhau. Hoc nghing ca chng c th thay i khi chngquay trn. Mt ngi phi cng lnh ngh c th cho trc thng bay ti trc,


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bay lui, thng ln v h xung. Phi thuyn ny cng c th l lng, hay treotrong khng kh, m khng di chuyn. l nh rto gi lc nng cho phithuyn v duy tr v tr thm ch cng mt ch.

Tng lc nng gp iKhng phi trc thng no cng c mt rto chnh. Nhiu trc thng c

ln c n hai rto. Rto b sung mang li cho phi thuyn lc nng v scmnh gp i. Trc thng hai rto ch c nhiu hng ha v con ngi hnso vi trc thng mt rto. Chic trc thng hi qun hai rto ny c th nngc mt con thuyn nh.


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c th l mt phi thuyn hoc mt my bay. c th l mt tuln hoc trc thng. Qun s M s dng ton b chng. Mt s phi thuync ch to dnh ring cho chin u. Nhng loi khc th chuyn ch binhlnh v hng ha. Tuy nhin, c nhng loi my bay c ch to ch chp

nh.Cho d l loi my bay no, n lun c ch to cho mt nhim v

no . Chng hn, qun i cn dng nhng my bay c th ct cnh v hcnh nhng khu vc nh hp. Phi thuyn V/STOL (ct cnh v h cnhnhanh, thng ng) p ng yu cu ny. Mt loi l my bay cnh qut chai u cnh. Khi ct cnh, nhng cnh qut ny hng thng ln trn. Nhvy, phi thuyn bay ln ging ht nh trc thng. Tuy nhin, khi trongkhng trung, th cc cnh qut xoay v pha trc. Gi th phi thuyn c th

bay ta nh my bay. Mt phi thuyn V/STOL khc s dng cc ng c

phn lc. Khi ct cnh, cc cht kh nng ca ng c thi pht xung di.Tc dng ny y my bay i ln. Mt khi phi thuyn trn khng trungth cc ng c phn lc chuyn sang y v trc.

Chic my bay nm bom tng hnh B-2 Spirit kh b k th pht hin ra.


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Nhng my bay c cnh c bitVi nhng s mnh chin u, qun i cn c nhiu my bay. Mi

my bay c mt nhim v khc nhau. Mt my bay chin u, chng hn,c thit k bay tc cao ln chm. p ng yu cu ny, cnh ca

n phi thay i v tr. Khi bay tc cao th cnh b cp ra pha sau. Nhvy lm phi thuyn lt i m. Nhng tc thp, cc cnh bm thng visn bn ca my bay. My bay loi ny h cnh v ct cnh vi hai cnh v tr cha thng ra nh vy.

My bay tng hnhB-2 Spirit l mt loi my bay nm bom qun s c bit. Khi bay trntri, kh quan st thy my bay ny. l nguyn do khin n c gi lmy bay nm bom tng hnh (b mt). Hnh dng ca n, v cht liu dng ch to n, gi kn my bay trong khng kh. iu ny cho php B-2 Spiritth bom xung lnh th k th vi mc ri ro b bn h bi ha lc ca k thl thp.


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Nhiu my bay ngy nay khng thn thin vi mi trng. Chng s

dng cc nhin liu lm nhim khng kh. Cc ng c ca chng cng sdng rt nhiu nhin liu. Nhng cc nh ch to my bay ang c gng lmthay i iu .

Trong tng lai, cc cng ti ang u t thit k nhng loi phi thuynxanh. Nhng phi thuyn ny s s dng nhin liu sch hn, v s dng tnhin liu hn. Chng cng s gy n t hn. Nhng ngay t by gi, cc my

bay cng ngy mt xanh hn. Mt dng c ang pht huy tc dng lcnh nh. Mnh nh ny c gn thm vo u mt cnh my bay. Nlm cho cnh ti ra cong i. Hnh dng mi lm cho khng kh chy nh

nhng hn xung quanh n. Cho nn lc ko theo tc dng ln my bay nh i.iu ngha l ng c khng cn phi hot ng ct lc y my bay v

pha trc. Mt ng c hot ng nh nhng hn s tiu th t nhin liu hn.

Chic my bay dn dng ny c nhng cnh nh ti u cnh ca n gip tiu th tnhin liu hn.


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Phi thuyn Pathfinderbay bng nng lngmt tri ca NASAang bay th nghimtrn bu triCalifornia.

Bay bng nng lng mt tri NASA (C quan hng khng v tr quc gia M) cng ang th

nghim phi thuyn xanh. Mt phi thuyn c tn gi l Pathfinder. Cc cnh vthn ca n hp li lm mt. Khi bay, phi thuyn trng ta nh mt hnh chnht mng, di. Cc tm pin mt tri c lp vo nhng v tr thch hp.Chng bin i nh sng mt tri thnh dng in lm chy cc ng c inca phi thuyn. Cc ng c lm quay cc cnh qut.

Phi thuyn khc thng ny cng chng c phi cng li. Thay vo ,con ngi ti trm mt t iu khin s chuyn ng ca n. Hin nay,Pathfinder c th trn khng trung sut c ngy. Trong tng lai, phi thuyn

bay bng nng lng mt tri c th trn khng trung hng tun hoc thmch hng thng trong mi chuyn bay. Cc nh khoa hc s dng chng trongnghin cu. Ngay c qun i cng c k hoch s dng chng.

Ku gi sinh vinMi nm mt ln, NASA mi cc hc sinh trung hc v sinh vin i

hc thit k mu my bay cho tng lai. Th l thi thay i mi nm. Nhngc mt th NASA khng thay i. C quan ny lun nhc nh sinh vin ara nhng thit k thn thin vi mi trng.


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Chng c nhiu kch c v hnh dng khc nhau. Chng bay nhngtc khc nhau. y l nhng phi thuyn hin i. Hng trm nghn phithuyn nh vy bay ln mi ngy. Cuc sng ca chng s khc i nu nhkhng c chng.

C phi thuyn nh ln phi thuyn nng hn khng kh u bay sut. Nhng thit k mi lm cho chng ngy mt tt hn. Nhng c ch hotng ca chng vn nh c. Phi thuyn nh hn khng kh phi tr nn nhhn khng kh xung quanh chng. Phi thuyn nng hn khng kh cn thu lc nng t cc cnh ca chng bay ln khi mt t.

Cho d my bay loi no i na, th chng u s dng khng kh dichuyn. Khng kh l tr th thm lng cho mi phi thuyn. Tht vy, khngkh l tr th cho mi th bay ln.

Mt huyn thoi bayT thi i ca nhng chic my bay s khai nht, mt s ngi c

bit yu thch bay ln. Mt trong s h l Amelia Earhart. B sinh nm 1897.L mt ph n tr, b yu thch mi th v phi thuyn. B tp li phi thuynv cn mua c my bay ring. B l mt phi cng xut sc.

Nm 1932, b l ngi ph n u tin mt mnh bay xuyn i TyDng. Tuy nhin, c m ln nht ca b l c bay vng quanh th gii.

Nm 1937, b c c hi . Khi hnh California, b bay xuyn ncM. Mt nhn vin o hng bay cng vi b.

Hai ngi tip tc hnh trnh ca h xuyn qua hng nghn dmng. Trn ng i, h dng li nhiu ln tip nhin liu. Nhngchuyn dng cui cng ca h khng theo k hoch. My bay ca Earhart

b ht nhin liu. Nhng ngi cu h tm kim kh lu. Nhng khng aitm thy chic my bay cng vi hai hnh khch ca n.


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Amelia Earhart ng trc chic my bay ca b, trc chuyn bay nm 1937.

Th vui bay lnHy ni mt cht v th vui bay ln, Amelia Earhart tng pht biu

nh th ny:

Bn khng nhn thy ci cy u, tr khi t trn tri bn nhn thy bng can.


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p sut Mt lc, th d nh lcca khng kh tc dng ln mt vt.

bnh li cao Hai cnh nh ding c khu vc ui ca my

bay. Chng lm cho my bay ngoiln hoc ln xung, cn gi l

ling.b chim ch - Chuyn ng rakhi v tr ca n.

cnh nh - Nhng g di ng ctrn cnh my bay. Khi mt g nyca cnh dng ln, th g kia hxung. Chuyn ng ny lmnghing, hay lt, my bay t phany sang pha kia.

cnh qut Mt nhm chongchng hnh cnh my bay lp vomt im gia gi l trc quay. Khicnh qut quay, n lm phi thuynchuyn ng v pha trc.

chy thnh dng nh hnh mtvt, th d nh my bay, sao chokhng kh chy nh nhng vng

qua n.cht kh Mt dng vt chtkhng dng lng hoc dng rn,v khng c hnh th hoc kch cca ring n.

m c - gn nhau. Mt khng kh trong mt kh cu, chnghn, l s lng phn t v mc gn nhau ca cc phn t bn trongn.

ui li Cnh nh di ng c ui my bay gip my bay r trihoc r phi. chuyn ng ny gil bay trch.

hnh cnh my bay Mt b phn,th d nh cnh, c mt b mt

cong. Hnh cnh my bay cthit k nng phi thuyn ln.

li Dn hng trn mt hnhtrnh nht nh.

lc y Lc y mt vt v phatrc.

lc ko theo Lc cn ca khngkh tc dng ln nhng vt chuyn

ng trong n.lc nng Lc tc dng ln mtvt hnh cnh my bay, y n lntrn, v lm cho phi thuyn ri khimt t.

nhn vin o hng Ngi raquyt nh iu phi hnh trnh camt my bay (hay phi thuyn khc).

ni Tri ni, bng bnh. trn khng Bay trong khngkh.

phi thuyn Mi c my c thbay trong khng kh.

phn t- Nhng ht nh xu tmthy trong mi vt cht.

r-to Mt b phn cu to nn

cc chong chng hnh cnh mybay lp trn mt trc quay. Mtng c s lm quay r-to.


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My bay hot ng nh th no?Susan Markowitz MeredithTrn Nghim dchPht hnh ti http://thuvienvatly.comThng 4/2011

Máy bay hoạt động như thế nào?

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