May 29-30 2008 Micro CHP Workshop Paris Integration of micro CHP units Dr. Jacques Deuse Technical...

May 29-30 2008Micro CHP WorkshopParis

Integration of micro CHP units Dr. Jacques Deuse

Technical Director of EU-DEEP Project

Micro CHP Workshop, May 29 – 30 2008, slide 2

29-30 May 2008

Presentation outline

● The EU-DEEP Project

● Energy context, from “vertical integration” to open market

● Subset of questions from the EU-DEEP Project

● Distribution network design criteria

● The updated “fit & forget” principle

● Regulation of distribution network

● “Flexible” micro CHP

● Losses

● Conclusions


29-30 May 2008

The EU-DEEP Project

A demand-pull approach● Selection of the best market segments● Choice of the best suited technology● Integration into the system

● Solutions for Technical questions● Then Market & Regulatory aspects

● Integration into the market● Potential role of Information & Computer Technology● Market access via “Local Trading Strategy”

● Integration of DER & LTS solutions● Coordinating DER controller and LTS operation● 5 one year test campaigns for

-2 site tests-and 3 aggregation experiments

● Economical optimisation via business models


29-30 May 2008

Context, yesterday electricity market

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

Load

UHV

HV

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

Load

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

Load

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

Load

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

Load

UHV

HV

µCHP, PV

Small CHPRES on shore

Centralised versus decentralised

● Integration of● Efficiency advantages● Gen investments

-Difference is only meaningful

● Reduction in-Total CAPEX-OPEX-Etc.

● Seldom used● Primary energy● Efficiency● Cogeneration● Planning methodology


29-30 May 2008

Context, today electricity market

UHV Transmission

HV Transmission

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

µCHP, PV

Small CHPRES on shore

RES off shore

CCGT & CHP

Load

UHV Transmission

HV Transmission

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

µCHP, PV

RES on shore

RES off shore

CCGT & CHP

Load

UHV Transmission

HV Transmission

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Load

µ

RES off shore

CCGT & CHP

Load

● Electricity from gas● Mini and µgenerators

now industrialised● Mass production

● Costs reductions● Higher reliability

● EU-DEEP: 10 MW● Sources of value

● Selling kWh● DER as “network

replacement”● Supply of services● DER and security● Externalities● Incentives

● Also valid for RES


29-30 May 2008

Example for Micro – CHP

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

€ / kW

c€ /

kWh

12% 8% 4% 0% 8% NM

kWh

UoS


29-30 May 2008

EU-DEEP questions

Does DER integration raise

technical questions? What is the maximum hosting

capacity of the networks?

What are the best

segments?

How to optimize this energy

value for the system and the

client?

Do DER present a real value for the network? How to make it explicit and how rules must be

changed leading to

transparency?

Can DER present

additional value by providing

complementary resources?

Under which conditions?

TechnicalIssues Additional

servicesNetwork

ValueEnergyValue

Market and Regulation issues


29-30 May 2008

Coincidence factor

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Number of customers

Network design criteria

● DER network integration don’t raise major technical issues when some rules are respected● Basic criterion: “hosting capacity” linked to network design● “Similar” peak for load (ADMD) and generation

-Micro-CHP of 1 kW for ADMD of about 1.5 kW-PV of about 5 kWp (up to 10 kWp) for ADMD of about 1.5 kW

● Importance of the relationship between generation and load “functions”● “Similar” geographical distribution for load and generation

-“Symmetry” between feeders-Important for active management of voltage

● Deeply related to-Design criteria-and their update

● Update is different from urban to rural networks● Semi-urban networks present margins ● Urban networks: overload margins ● Rural system: limited voltage margins, should be updated


29-30 May 2008

Design, generation & load diversity

● PV in California● Peak generation during hot weather● Peak consumption due to HVAC at about 3 pm● Adjusted PV orientation for synchronous peak generation ● High value as network replacement & as loss reduction● Justifying “some” net metering

● Still, pending questions about design (kWpeak)

● PV in northern Europe● No or few HVAC● Peak generation takes place during off-peak conditions● Few or no generation during peak period● Limited or no value as network replacement or losses reduction

● Important pending questions about design (kWpeak)

● Micro CHP● Partly symmetric role than PV in hot regions● More complex for evaluating losses reduction


29-30 May 2008

MV & LV “flexible” design N3

N4 N5N6

N7 N8N9

N10 N11N12

N13

N4a N5a N7a N8a N10a N11a N13a

DER6 DER9 DER12

N4b N4c N5b N5c N7b N7c N8b N8c N10b N10c N11b N11c N13b N13c

N14 N15N16

N17 N18N19

N20 N21N22

N23


DER16 DER19 DER22


N1 N2N27

N3

N4 N5N6

N7 N8N9

N10 N11N12

N13


DER6 DER9 DER12


N14 N15N16

N17 N18N19

N20 N21N22

N23


DER16 DER19 DER22


N1 N2N27

HV & MV profiles

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

N1

N2

N27 N

3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

N10

N11

N12

N13

N14

N15

N16

N17

N18

N19

N20

N21

N22

N23

Vo

lta

ge

(pu

)

No DER 100% LV DER & 1 MVA DER22

Low voltage profiles

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

Vo

ltag

e (p

u)

Feeder 1 Feeder 2

● Rural network● Dissymmetry

between feeders● HV – MV voltage

profiles● LV profiles


29-30 May 2008

Updated “fit & forget” principle

● Distribution substation is able to operate at PN importing or exporting

● No voltage control problems with full “asymmetry”● Operation at nominal medium voltage● Distribution transformers must be operated at nominal

transformer ratio● In low load density region, bigger cross-section cables could

be required● Impact on cost of system, but limited impact for replacement

or for new installation (installation costs dominate)● In existing systems, the updated operating point could

possibly lead to higher losses, as mean operational voltage could be reduced


29-30 May 2008

Regulation of Distribution Networks

● The value DER brings to the network must be made explicit ● Generation and load functions (and their interactions) are

playing the first critical role● Use of System charges and incentives cannot be mixed● Generation and load must be dealt with separately● A “marginal” allocation principle is used, based on a “fair

appraisal” of all costs● Network regulation should be implemented using “norm

models”● Interval metering is necessary, but is not sufficient● The proposed Use of System charges scheme is “efficient”

per se● In the long run, it should reduce the cost of system


29-30 May 2008

Flexible Stirling micro CHP

Creating value means● “Integration” into the system● Hence decoupling electricity and heat generations for

● Better price for electricity

● Better CO2 performances

● This supposes● An optimised design of µCHP & its storage● Adaptation to the hosting Central Heating installation● And in depth evaluation of the overall house heat balance

● Status of losses● From conversion machine● From heat storage


29-30 May 2008

Efficiency of rotating machines [%]

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

kW

%

SOLO generator

Sunpower generator

Micro CHP & losses

20 %


29-30 May 2008

Conclusions

● EU-DEEP Project set up a new, “efficient”, regulatory framework that could be favourable for micro CHP

● But “flexible” micro CHP is required● This means additional investments in heat storage● The electrical output must be adjusted considering network

design criteria ● Efficiency of conversion to electricity is less important than

the global efficiency● The constraints due to central heating installation must be

carefully evaluated● The status of losses (conversion & storage) requires

attention


29-30 May 2008

Thank you for your attention

The European Commission funds this work as part of the EU-DEEP Project from the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and

Technological Development

Announcement

3rd International Conference on

Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources December 10-12th 2008 in Nice

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