May 2013 Watch® FilterSorb SP3 Introduction: Part I By Deepak Chopra Watch ® GmbH Fahrlachstraße...

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WATCH® GmbHA Water Company

May 2013

Watch®

FilterSorb SP3Introduction: Part I

By Deepak Chopra

Watch® GmbHFahrlachstraße 1468165 MannheimGermany

Web: www.watchwater.deemail: [email protected]: +49 (0) 621 87951-0Telefax: +49 (0) 621 87951-99

http://www.watchwater.de/

2WATCH GmbHA Water Company

INTRODUCTION SP3(S) SCALE (P) PREVENTION (3) Ca(HCO3)2 soluble

changesTemporary Hardness

intoCalcium Carbonate + Pure Water + Carbon dioxide

CaCO3 + H2O + CO2

This is FILTERSORB SP3

Hard Water Science is the formulated knowledge based on:-

FACT, DATA and the formulation of TESTABLE explanations how hard

water operates.

Science and the Scientifc Method of SP3


HARD WATER is a FACT

Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 derives from the FORMULATION between Calcium and Magnesium compounds. Ca or Mg are considered as metals within the same group 2 (periodic table) with similar properties.

O OxideCaO = Calcium OxideMgO = Magnesium Oxide

OH HydroxideCa(OH)2 = Calcium hydroxideMg(OH)2 = Magnesium hydroxide

HCO3 Hydrogen CarbonateCa(HCO3)2 = Calcium hydrogen carbonateMg(HCO3)2 = Magnesium hydrogen carbonate

CO3 CarbonateCaCO3 = Calcium carbonateMgCO3 = Magnesium carbonate



Assumptions (axioms) of science:

1. That water behaves chemically and is governed by a natural order(H+) Hydrogen + (OH-) Hydroxides = H2O

2. There is a cause and effect relationship behind every SCALE forming

• One might ask, where did the scale come from?• What was the original cause?

CAUSE

Water + Carbon Dioxide + Calcium + Magnesium + Oxides + Hydroxides +

Hydrogen carbonate, make hard water.

TEMPORARY HARDNESSH2O + CO2 + Ca + Mg + O + OH + HCO3 and after saturation Ca(HCO3)2

Temporary Hardness - FACT.



The use of Soap?

It is very important to know what ‘soap’ is, as ‘soap’ is not a detergent.

Soap in hard water creates ‘scum’ but you do not usually get ‘scum’ with

detergents as detergents are generally soap less.

NOTE: Detergents usually give a very good lather with any water.

General feed back from customers is that you can use up to 25% less soap

and detergents when using SP3 water, (water hardness related savings)

than if using normal hard water. Research into a link between hard

water, the over use of soap, and skin conditions, is ongoing.

Worldwide industry experience says there is a link, its just proving it!

Scum is caused by Gypsum, which is mainly Calcium Sulfate CaSO4.

SOAP, SCUM and DETERGENTS


“Soapy Soap” is not a joke!SOAP is Natural Sodium Stearate.

The chemistry of ‘scum’ formation Calcium Sulfate + Sodium Stearate Calcium Stearate + Sodium Sulfate (Hardness) + (soap) = (scum)

Formulation the scientific methodCaSO4 + 2C17H35COONa Ca( C17H35COO)2 + Na2SO4

Conclusion Testable explanation of “Clear Yellow” Test Kit

A precipitation reaction is generally defined as the formation of insoluble solid, one before the SP3 system and again after the SP3 system

SOAP TEST

Clear Yellow Test Inlet Outlet

Condition Not dissolved Dissolved

Visual appearance Turbid Clear


The Testable method:

Answering questions using Testable explanations

Why we are confident SP3 is the better way?

a) How an SP3 unit can save the customer over 35% on running costs

compared to a salt based softener in a 10 year period!

b) No regeneration of the unit is required i.e. no wastewater

c) Stays as hard water, but a non scale forming hard water

d) Retains calcium & magnesium, important minerals for the body

e) Prevents new and removes existing scale deposits

f) No change to the pH level

g) No electrical or drain connections required

h) Gives substantial savings on soap consumption (water hardness related)

Testable Explanations



SP3 treatment:- an explanation

Solubility of Calcium and Magnesium compounds and their reactions

• Solvent: the liquid that dissolves the material in test.

• Solute: the material which is to be dissolved in a solvent in test bottle.

• Solution: the result of the dissolving in the test water.

Solute + Solvent = Clear solution

• Solubility: to what extent a test powder (solute) will dissolve

• Soluble: the material or test powder will dissolve in good water

• Insoluble: not soluble, will not dissolve in a SP3 water i.e. Calcium Sulfate

(CaSO4) and Magnesium Sulfates (MgSO4)

Note: The solution of CO2 (aq.) is sometimes described as “Carbonic acid”

H2CO3 but does this really exist?

CO2 (aq.) + H2O ↔ H+(aq.) + HCO3-(aq.)



Solubility of Calcium and Magnesium compounds and their reactions(continued)

•Saturated: means saturated solution in one in which solute will not dissolve

Calcium sulfate saturated water will not dissolve test powder

Calcium and magnesium oxides or hydroxides are soluble in H2CO3

water until it becomes saturated Ca(HCO3)2

These are the major cause of scale and alkaline solutions

Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate both are insoluble in

water, but they are readily dissolved in acids. pH of the water remains

same, alkalinity of the water remains same.


FACTS

Collect the DATA:

Note: Using Ion-exchange for hard water increase costs because

sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid is needed to make a regeneration

and this leads to higher sodium or hydrogen ions in water that can lead to a

slight reduction of the pH of water.

• CaCO3 + 2HCl Ca2+(Cl-)2 + H2O + CO2

• CaCO3 + 2NaCl Ca2+(Cl-)2 + H2O + 2Na+

However, a negative point! It has been suggested that both Sodium and

hydrogen ions can contribute slightly towards increased blood pressure,

that’s why people on a low sodium diet are recommended to drink hard

water.

With SP3, every mains water tap is drinkable!.


Acid solutions have a pH of < 6.8. These are quite often as salts,

which are themselves formed from neutralizing acids and bases.

Because all acids from hydrogen ions in the water and with this the

remaining ions that as Calcium (Ca2+) and Chlorides (Cl2-) becomes the

salt of CaCl2. The same reaction takes place with magnesium (Mg2+)

and chlorides (Cl2-) to become MgCl2 and this is FACT .

FACT -- that in all acids there are more H ions, and with chlorides, it

makes HCl hydrochloric acid.

This can contribute towards corrosion, a scientific FACT !

FACTS


Nucleation Assisted Crystallization (NAC)

Although the principle objective is the same, NAC is different to other

crystallization processes. It is a solid heterogeneous catalyst that

reacts with water and gaseous solutions.

The reaction occurs on the SP3 bead which has a glass surface

coated onto Calcium and ceramic beads. The reactants are

absorbed onto the catalyst SP3 surface at the “active sites” on the

glass surface. These reactants are physical adsorbed and very

“weakly” bound to the SP3 surface. When the high concentrations of

the reactants are very close to each other, the original molecular

bonds within the reactants ions are separated in seconds with the

result a non scale forming crystal being created.


Hydrogen Carbonate Ion (HCO3-)

The hydrogen carbonate ion as HCO3

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2

insoluble calcium carbonate, Pure Water and CO2 as gas and on the

surface of SP3 the carbonate ions CO32- acting as a base, gains two

protons to form

H2O + CO2 + Ca2+

these are separated on the surface of SP3, CO2 in this formula is acting

as supersaturated CO2 and the Ca starts the Nucleation process and

becomes a non scale forming crystal.

SP3


H2O is a neutral oxide because its pH is 7. Logistically the oxonium/hydrated proton ion concentration is equal to the hydroxide ion concentration.


2H2O ↔ (H3O+) + (OH-)

It is very important to have a high quality surface to support the strength of adsorption. SP3 has a unique double coated glass surface.

WATER Oxonium / Hydrogen ion + Hydroxide ion

In this reaction, water acts as but both ACID and BASE i.e. one water molecule acid donates a proton to another water molecule which becomes an oxonium ion (hydrated proton) and another water molecule (base) simultaneously accepts a proton!

Therefore, water is an amphoteric oxide: This means it reacts as both a proton acceptor and a proton donator.



The hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3- can act as a carbonate ion both

as acid with a base or act as a base with an acid, such behavior is described as amphoteric

HCO3- acting as a base, accepting a proton from an acid.

HCO3- + OH- H2O + CO2

HCO3- acting as an acid donating a proton to the hydroxide ion base

Conclusion - the reactant Ca(HCO3)2 being bounded to the SP3 catalyst glass surface (chemisorptions/adsorption) must be very strong to apart reactant ions as fast as possible, but enough to handle all ions and the products to ‘escape’ from the SP3 surface. This part of the process is called ‘desorption’.

Nucleation Adsorption

Assisted Desorption

Crystallization in one process


During the SP3 NAC process, a very efficient ceramic bead is used.

Glass coating is very unusual on the catalyst and is unique to Watch®. It is

an important requirement to ensure a quality surface for adhesion and to

keep the maximum surface area to give the greatest and therefore the

most efficient rate of reaction. A controlled amount of fragmentation of the

bead during the manufacturing process (controlled by heat) enhances its

ability for reaction.

Other crystallization based medias can expand during reaction. This

‘stretching’ of the site reduces its ability to create a catalyst surface, thus

considerably reducing the efficiency of the product.

SP3 NAC is stable during reaction, and its unique glass coating offers pH

stability in its product water.

.

SP3 functionality


SP3 Contamination

Actives Sites: Not all the surface of the media is effective due to minute

imperfections in a Ca2+ crystal at the ionic level. For any SP3 catalytic

surface, it is desired to have a fragmented surface to ensure they are much

more effective as against a ‘rough’ expanded one.

Important: SP3 catalyst contamination should be avoided if at all possible.

High Copper and Iron levels can cause impurities, as they can be bounded on the surface of the SP3 and its active sites. It considerably reduces the efficiency of the SP3, especially as the most effective SP3 catalyst sites bind impurities the strongest, competing with the reactant Ca(HCO3)2 ions.

Hydrogen sulfides contaminates the SP3 media, so precautions should be taken that water remains free of sulfur.

We recommend that commercial systems replace media every 3 years.


Case Studies:• Boilers• Heat exchangers• Cooling Towers• Commercial applications

Reminder: What FILTERSORB SP3 is and how does it work?

SP3 is a media that converts a scale causing ion into a non scale forming crystal that flow harmlessly through the system, without the need for regeneration or use of chemicals.

FILTESORB SP3End of Part I

Conclusion

May 2013 Watch® FilterSorb SP3 Introduction: Part I By Deepak Chopra Watch ® GmbH Fahrlachstraße...

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Transcript of May 2013 Watch® FilterSorb SP3 Introduction: Part I By Deepak Chopra Watch ® GmbH Fahrlachstraße...