Nutritional Activities for Kids

SHISHArisk for health

IN SUMMERSKIN CARE

Mohammad Asif released early

after spot-fixing sentence

overall balance of risks and benefits of coffee

Ethnic Cleansing

Sharda Tomato

Skin Care

CoffeeFictions

NUTRITIONAL

ACTIVITIES

FOR KIDS

Shisha

Nails Care

Coke Studio!

Sports

Editorial Board

Senior Reporter

PhotographerM. Yaqoob Bhatti

Reporting Section

Manzoor Sulaheria

www.healpak.com

MAY 2012

n older times, wars were fought just on military grounds and Inations used to recognize their

enemies very well. But as the world has evolved, the way wars are fought has changed. The modern world has designed innumerable strategies of

defeating the enemy. Now, military attacks are considered to be the last option; hence before attacking a nation directly, various other forms of harms are caused to that nation and for this purpose a group of people is used to weaken the nation. The world is no doubt becoming a global village because of cultural e x c h a n g e s a n d e a s y i n t e r -communication between the people

of different castes and creeds; but ironical ly, this advanced and enlightened world never got rid of ethnic enmities, so therefore there is a huge conflict between the globalization of the world and ethnic disputes. It seems that even in this 21st century civilized world, we still live in Stone Age that is we can cross all the limits to demolish our opponents no matter what it takes.Now wars are fought economically,

socially, politically and through the spread of disinformation and chaos; and the rivalries between nations are just not limited to geographic contentions and the fight for wealth in our times.When the heads of millions of Jews were cut off by Nazis, every citizen of earth who possesses a brain, that can

think, condemns this act and accuses Nazis for being so barbarous; but

the trouble is that the world considers the holocaust as an event that occurred in past and has nothing to do with the present. For this reason no other human genocide is taking much importance these days. Different parts of the world keep

witnessing episodes of various types of war crimes and nobody pays any heed to it because our modern and enlightened world has accepted now that wars cannot be fought without crossing the limits. It will not be wrong if we say that almost every part of the world is undergoing one or the other form of holocaust. Ethnic rivalries have become so fierce today that along with common military strategies, nations design special

plans to make impossible the survival of the whole enemy population in smarter ways. And for this they use hidden tactics to perform ethnic cleansing.THE MOTIVES:Ethnic cleansing has the aim to remove the competitors from a particular region. Sometimes religious rivalry and other times natural resources, color, creed, nationality and land occupation

cause this vicious action. Those who perform ethnic cleansing see some danger in the wellbeing of a particular group of people and thus propagate FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) amongst them.THE DIFFERENT TACTICS:First, disinformation is spread to m a ke a n i m p re s s i o n i n t h e environment that a particular ethnicity is spreading chaos in the society and should be blamed for the

turmoil that is causing political, social and economic instability. In addition to these not-so measurable and invisible maneuvers, some visible actions are also made. These include intimidation, killing and extrusion; attack on cultural values and sacred monuments and so on. To explain it even explicitly, the tactics used to ethnically “cleanse” a society can be divided into (but are not limited to) the following categories:Guerrilla Warfare: Guerrilla warfare include hit and run technique and the guerrillas fight in small groups. These fighters don't wear any insignia or any other mark of identification so it is impossible to recognize them and thus they can merge in population and kill easily without being spotted. Liberation army etc. utilizes such tactics. Demographic Changes: By using c e r ta i n m e a s u re s p a r t i c u l a r

demographics (that mainly include children and male population) are targeted and killed in order to cause an irreversible damage to the population.Silent ethnic cleansing: Wide number of measures are made to silently reduce the population of an area, the people of the occupied land that have foreign visas are denied access to their motherland and their families too are prevented from visiting them, due to it many forced separations between families take place.B i r t h c o n t r o l : D a n g e r o u s reproductive health supplies are circulated in the targeted societies to make the women impaired to reproduce. Such dangerous drugs are generally available under the label of family planning medicines.Rape: Previously there was a concept that rape is a byproduct of war, but in modern warfare rape is a strategy and a combat tool to perpetuate the ethnicity of the rapists. It means that women are raped during wars so that they could give birth to the children of the enemy group and as a result the population of that group increases. Food genocide: After World War II a planned strategy was designed to produce fake famines in order to

reduce the population of certain regions. Mainly, th ird world countries' food supplies are tackled in a way through which the poor classes r e m a i n d e p r i v e d o f f o o d . Multinationals also make strategies to waste food and harm water to maintain their monopoly in the market. Ethnic cleansing is an ongoing practice in the modern world. Chances are that it is never going to end because certain nations can compromise all the human right laws in order to attain their own rule throughout the planet. The new

world order too is a related concept but it is not the only culprit behind this savagery. Groups of people hate each other for various weird reasons. The world is witnessing ethnic cleansing from quite a time now and history is full of such examples, but to enl ighten the readers, some examples from the present times ought to be quoted. The Gaza Strip is world's most talked about yet neglected war zone these days. The people of Gaza are experiencing genocide and torture at its peak. Rachel Corrie a human rights activist from America who was killed

in Gaza while trying to save a Palestinian home from being destructed by an Israeli bulldozer wrote to her father “Coming here is one of the better things I've ever done. So when I sound crazy, or if the Israeli military should break with their racist tendency not to injure white people, please pin the reason squarely on the fact that I am in the midst of a genocide which I am also indirectly supporting, and for which m y g o v e r n m e n t i s l a r g e l y responsible”. These words from Rachel tell the whole story of Gaza.In addition to Gaza, Sudan also

presents another example of human genocide and ethnic cleansing. American attacks on Iraq and Afghanistan, combats in Congo and other parts of Africa, killing of Muslims in Indian Gujarat and target killing in Karachi are all vivid examples of ethnic cleansing in the present world. Such intolerance and tilts are horrific signs and give a glimpse into world's disastrous future. Although it seems impossible now but the global community needs to take serious actions to promote world peace for real.

zad Jammu and Kashmir is the home of picturesque valleys, Ascenic meadows, glacial blue

waters and crystal waterfalls. The scenic aspect of Kashmiri areas is far a w a y f r o m a n y d o u b t b u t unfortunately Kashmiri areas especially remotely situated Kashmiri valleys like Neelum valley and Leepa valley are not that much known to most of the tourists as compared to other mountainous areas of Pakistan.From administrative point of view AJK is divided into 8 districts of which Neelum valley is the largest, but is least populated as compared to others due to being hardly accessible, having intense weather during most of the year, and especially because of long winters and uneven travel conditions through widespread thick forests. Another main reason for it being less populated and less reachable is its situation besides line of control (LOC). But all these factors a lso take part in making i t exc e p t i o n a l l y b e a u t i f u l a n d captivating. As Neelum valley has not faced a massive rush of tourists yet so it is in its pure natural conditions and offers un ique exper ience of wilderness and adventure. Neelum valley is more than 200 kilometre long and covers every color of mountainous beauty from vast flowery meadows, green planes and forestry hill tops to narrow gorges, snow-capped Rocky Mountains and massive glaciers.Sharda is a very beautiful and an important town of Neelum valley from historic and strategic point of view. It is named on the name of Hindu goddess Sharda devi. This town is a breathtaking lush green place 136 km from Muzaffarabad in Neelum Vally of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated at the altitude of 6500 feet above sea level on the base of two mountains called Shardi and Nardi and a water stream flows between these two mountains which finally joins bluish water of Neelum River. Both Shardi and Nardi peaks which are overlooking Sharda town

are covered with dense forests. On the other side of this pair of peaks two very small villages of Kachal and Multa are situated. A wooden but strong jeep-able bridge joins Neelum road and Sharda town. Though Neelum River is a roaring and aggressive river having quite fast flow but it passes through Sharda amazingly in a very calm and peaceful manner due to having a wide passage to pass through. So serenity of Sharda remains intact even if you stay just on the bank of the river. Historic ImportanceBesides mesmerizing views and natural beauty Sharda is also known for its historical background. Sharda was the home of learning and knowledge for centuries. The ruins of more than two thousand years old university can be visited in Sharda. Famous polymath and scholar Abu-al-Rayhan Al-barauni of Islamic era also wrote about this ancient university in his book Kitab-ul-Hind during 10th Century. It started during

the Buddhist rule about 2000 years ago. Then it continued during the Hindu and Muslim rule but finally declined in Dogra era and subsequent period. This university was said to be a great place of learning for the people of China, East and central Asia. At that time route to this university was through Jammu i n s t e a d o f M u z a f f a r a b a d . Unfortunately this university lost its existence and finally vanished away with the passage of time.Jeep Track from Neelum to KaghanSurgan nala which is one of the huge nallahs feeding water of Neelum River joins the river from left side of the Neelum road just in front of Sharda town. A jeep track connecting Neelum valley with Kaghan valley

starts besides this joining point and runs through Surgan village, crosses Noorinar pass and descends finally to Jalkhad in Kaghan valley. This jeep track passes through dense forests in the beginning and near Surgan village it reaches lush green flowery meadows. Then as height rises it passes through glacial streams and vast glaciers especially near Noorinar pass. This is one of the world's highest jeep tracks which open just for 3 to 4 months every year. From November to July it remains closed due to heavy snow slides and when it gets open, it still is not quite travelable. Though this track offers diverse opportunities of adventure and passes through heavenly places but it is not advisable for ordinary tourists and travellers to pass through it due to its strenuous nature. It should be done by ones who already are experienced with tough hardcore jeep tracks. The ones who travel on this track go through an experience that cannot be expressed in words.Tourist FacilitiesThere are two rest houses for tourists in Sharda. One is maintained by Azad J a m m u a n d Ka s h m i r to u r i s t department and the other is of AJK forest department. Both rest houses are situated on the bank of Neelum River and are maintained to reasonable extent. Tourists willing to v i s i t S h a r d a c a n b o o k accommodation for very reasonable price in these rest houses from AJK tourism department on phone. But they have to collect booking slip from Muzaffarabad office of AJK tourism department before departing to Neelum valley. It is better to divide journey by staying a night in the beautiful half way town of Keran. A very well maintained rest house of AJK tourism department is also there in Keran. The road between Muzaffarabad and Athmuqam is newly reconstructed and widened

with the help of Chinese team so half of the journey is quite comfortable and fast. From Athmuqam it takes about less than three hours to reach Sharda. Keran is situated 9 km ahead of Athmuqam.The destinations in Neelam Valley

ShardaShardaShardaShardaBy: Umar Farooq

are not for superficial tourists who judge the beauty of a place by counting the number of luxury hotels, tourist resorts, crowded streets and market places. But in fact nature has designed this place for the ones who are in real search of serenity and who intend to have a glimpse of paradise on Earth. By seeing the raw and untouched beauty of Sharda, one can't help being hypnotized by it and it will be extremely difficult for a person to get rid of its thoughts involuntarily being popped up in one's head after getting back home!

Ethnic Cleansing and the Global Village

Now, military attacks are considered to be the last option

Ethnic cleansing is an ongoing practice in the modern world.

Sharda is a very beautiful and an important town of Neelum valley

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

TOURISM

By: Madiha Mougheez

05

MAY 2012 MAY 2012

ummer weather can be hot and humid. The last thing you want Sis a heavy moisturizer that

weighs skin down. The light, fresh feel of Skin is perfect for summer. Your skin should not be hydrated in summer; it should be protected from s u n d a m a g e , e nv i ro n m e nta l pollutants, toxins, irritants, and chemicals.Natural summer skin care recipesTry these natural summer skin care recipes for silky smooth skin.Kiwi facial cleanser -Mix the following in a blender until it's smooth:- 1 kiwi- 1 tbsp of honey- 1 tbsp of apricot oil- 1 tbsp almond oil- 1 tsp fine ground almonds- 2 tbsp plain yogurt- 1 tbsp orange water- 2 drops of orange essential oil.Gently massage the mixture onto

your face and neck, leave it on for 10 minutes, and rinse with lukewarm water.Follow up with a refreshing, rejuvenating mask:Cool and easy strawberry facial mask:- Mash 5 strawberries in a bowl; add 2 teaspoons of heavy cream and 1 teaspoon of honey.- Mix well.- Apply the mask to your face and neck, leaving it on for about 15 minutes before r ins ing with

lukewarm water and pat dry.Homemade summer skin care sun burn remediesSunscreen is one of the most important parts of any summer skin care routine. If you've ever forgotten to apply sunscreen before spending a long day outdoors during summer you know the stinging pain that sunburns can cause. To help reduce the pain of sunburns try these at-

home remedies:- Water: Drink lots of it, and take cool showers. It's important to stay hydrated, and to get the body back to a normal temperature.- Yogurt: Simply smooth on plain yogurt, let it dry, and rinse off with cool water. It's soothing, and the probiotics and enzymes help heal the skin.- Lavender Oil: Reduces the redness and soothes the irritation. Try mixing it with the yogurt.- Aloe Vera: Good for any skin

condit ion, aloe vera gel has remarkable healing properties. It also cools the skin immediately.- Tea: Any kind of tea helps reduce inflammation. It's the tannins that do it, but since it can be difficult to cover an entire burned area with tea bags, it's best to make a pot of tea, let it cool, soak a cloth in it and lay it on the burn.

ello ladies! Today I introduce the tomato to you, an Ha t t r a c t i v e r e d a n d

charismatic fruit. Tomato is a daily usable kitchen item. Without it and its forms such as ketchup and sauces etc. The kitchen looks empty. Tomatoes, ketchup and related sauces are too costly and thus I am explaining the method of growing tomatoes in your gardens, reducing the pressure on your pockets. Tomatoes can be grown in pots, deep

trays, wooden boxes, window panes and backyards. Tomatoes do not directly grow in soil; firstly seedlings have to be grown.

There are two ways for this process.Grow them yourself1- Collect a fully ripened or rotten tomato take a plastic tray or box and fill it with farm yard manure. This is very cost effective and all of this would barely amount to 40-50 rupees. The consistency of soil in which the seeds have to be planted should be: Farmyard manure 1 part Silt (pure soil) 1 part

These should be mixed according and water should be added to keep it moist and damp.The sowing time in Punjab is August,

September and mid November. In other province a month before this month should be taken. The seeds for development into seedlings should preferably be grown in trays and open boxes. The temperature should be 18c-27c and a semi shaded area would be appropriate for the seedling to grow. They will start their growth process in 4 days. 2- Buy a seedling from a seed or nursery a pot with 70-100 plants is available at 200 Rs. A single plant costs plant costs 5 Rs.SHIFTING THE SEEDLING When the seedling is 5cm long with a strong stem it should be shifted to a permanent place or a pot containing the mixture of farmyard manure, clay and sand. The shifting should be done in October and November for those seedlings grown in August and those seedlings which were grown in September to mid November will be shifted in mid February through March. This shifting place is a permanent place for the tomato plant, where it grows and produces fruit. This permanent place can be wooden boxes, clay pots, plot etc.

This shifting should be done in evening to prevent with wilting of the soft and the tender plant roots by the sun during the day time.W a t e r i n g s h o u l d b e d o n e immediately after shifting and then after two days, taken it should be done weekly and keeping in view the humidly temperature and dryness should be done weekly or fortnightly.Fruiting stageWhen the plant starts to fruit use 5200 grams of chemical fertilizer for each plant and then water it. After picking the fruit a bit more of the fertilizer should be given to the plants and then watering should be done immediately. The ferti l izer is important because it increase the size of the fruit. Picking should be done in the morning and evening.Diseases of Tomato plantThere are many diseases of this plant such as early blight, late blight and mosaic. Many insects such as cut worm, fruit worm, aphids and jassids attach the fruit, for these reasons insecticides should be used but not in huge amounts.Varieties of the Tomato There are many varieties of the tomato fruit. These are mostly suited to our environment Roma Lima, Riogrands, money maker and cherry tomatoes.Consumption

The tomato is eaten round the world. It is used in diverse ways, raw in salads and processed in ketchup. Unripe green tomatoes can also be used in salads and pickles. Tomato juice is also sold as a drink. It is a key ingredient in pizza's and one that is commonly used in sauces for spaghetti's and pasta recipes.Nutritional value Tomatoes help to control obesity due to the nutrients in its Red raw stage. T h e t o m a t o f r u i t c o n t a i n s carbohydrates, sugar, fats, proteins, vitamins A, C, E and potassium.100 gm of tomatoes contain 18 calories.Medicinal value- Natural antioxidants

The tomato paste can be used as a mask on the face and on sun burnt skin using frozen tomato pulp can close pores on the face.

- It benefit's the heart.- Cooked tomatoes help to prevent

most of the cancers such as prostate, head, and neck cancers.

- Tomatoes also help to prevent neuro degenerative diseases of the brain.

- Heart attacks caused by diabetes are also prevented.

- Tomato sauces and juices are helpful for the urinary tract system.

Tomato Skin CARE Summerin

he nail is made of a hard protein called keratin. A Tprotein is one of the building

blocks which make up the body. The nails help protect the ends of the fingers and toes from trauma and also help us pick up small objects. Over the last hundred years, the nails have become more important for cosmetic reasons and less important for protection. Manicuring is the care of the hands and nails. Basic manicuring should be done once a week. Every 4-6 weeks it is a good idea to seek the services of a p r o f e s s i o n a l m a n i c u r i s t . A professional manicurist best knows how to keep your nails looking healthy and beautiful.Weekly Care:1. One of the most important parts of maintaining strong, healthy nails for life is making sure you have the vitamins, minerals and other important nutrients to maintain nail strength.2. Remove any old nail polish. To remove the old polish, first moisten cotton with nail polish remover and press over the nail for a few seconds to soften the polish. Then with a firm movement, bring the cotton from the base of the nail to the tip. Repeat this process until all of the polish is gone.3. Shape the nail, using a file or emery board. File each nail tip from corner to center; do not file in a see-saw motion with the emery board because doing so can cause ridges in the nail and nail splitting.4. Soak the hands in warm, soapy water for a few minutes to remove dirt. Clean under free edge of nail with orangewood stick.5. The cuticle is the skin that grows from the finger onto the base of the nail (nail root). We recommend that

the cuticle not be pushed back. Leaving the cuticle intact helps to prevent infection of the nail growing tissue.6. Now apply clear nail polish. There is no reason to waste money on several different kinds of clear polishes such as a ridge filler, base

coat, top coat or nail strengtheners. They all do about the same job. After the clear polish dries, apply a color polish of your choice if you wish. Let dry. You may then reapply the clear polish as a top coat. This will help strengthen the nail and prevent chipping of the nail polish.7. Finally, apply a moisturizing cream or lotion to the hands and cuticles. This will help prevent splitting of the nails. Tips:- A good time to do your manicure is after you have taken a shower, bath or after washing the dishes. This is because these activities remove the dirt from under the nail.- Nail polish thinner can be used to thin out nail polish that has become too thick. Keep the polish in the refrigerator to make it last longer.- Try not to use nail polish remover

more than once a week. Nail polish remover causes the nails to dry out. Dry nails crack and split more easily than nails that are well hydrated (well-moisturized).- A top coat or sealer is a liquid that is applied over the nail polish. Any clear nail polish can be used as a top coat or sealer. This will minimize chipping or cracking of the nail. On natural nails, a clear coat can be used every day for seven days to give the nail protection and keep the moisture in.- After washing your hands, apply a cream or lotion. Hands and nails tend to get dried out from soaps and cleansers. You should try to keep your hands and cuticles well lubricated, with a moisturizer such as Aquaphor, Moisturel, Vaseline. You should use an oil or moisturizer at bedtime every night.- Sometimes nail polish, dirt and bacteria can stain the nails. This can be removed by using a Q-tip or an orangewood stick with a cotton tip. Soak the cotton in 10 parts water mixed with 1 part bleach, and then rub the nail where the stain is. This will remove most stains from the nails. Scrub under the nails with a nail brush or toothbrush with soap or bleach solution to remove stains under the nails.- A vitamin called biotin makes nails stronger in animals. S o m e s t u d i e s suggest that it may h e l p s t re n gt h e n human nails. Biotin is available at health food stores.

Nails CARE

Tomatoes help to control obesity due to the nutrients in its Red raw stage.

The light, fresh feel of Skin is perfect for summer.}}

Basic

manicuring

should be

done once

a week.

By: Mrs. Rubina Kausar Agriculturalist

By: Zainab Nasir

By: Shazia BatoolBeautician

06 07

MAY 2012 MAY 2012

offee is a brewed beverage with a bitter, acidic flavor Cprepared from the roasted

seeds of the coffee plant. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa. Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Coffee can have a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffeine content. It is one of the most-consumed beverages in the world. Coffee has played a crucial role in many societies. The energizing effect of the coffee bean plant is thought to have been discovered in the northeast region of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee first expanded in the Arab world. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi shrines of Yemen in southern Arabia. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to India, Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas. In East Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethiopian C h u r c h b a n n e d i t s s e c u l a r consumption, a ban in effect until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia. It was banned in Ottoman Turkey during the 17th century for political reasons, and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe. Coffee berries, which contain the coffee seeds or "beans", are produced by several species of small evergreen bush of the genus Coffea. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded Coffea arabica, and the "robusta" form of the hardier Coffea canephora. The latter is resistant to the devastating coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix). Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are then roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. They are then ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.An important export commodity, coffee was the top agricultural export for twelve countries in 2004, and it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value in 2005. Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Many studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain health conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are ultimately positive or negative has been widely disputed. The method of brewing coffee has been found to be important to its health effects.

Health and pharmacologyScientific studies have examined the re lat ionsh ip between coffee

consumption and an a r r a y o f m e d i c a l conditions. Findings

have been contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding the potentially harmful effects of coffee consumption. Variations in findings can be at least partially resolved by c o n s i d e r i n g t h e m e t h o d o f preparation. Coffee prepared using p a p e r f i l t e r s r e m o v e s o i l y components called diterpenes that are present in unfiltered coffee. Two types of diterpenes are present in coffee: kahweol and cafestol, both of which have been associated with

increased risk of coronary heart disease via elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in blood. Metal filters, on the other hand, do not remove the oily components of coffee. In addition to differences in methods of preparation, conflicting data regarding serving size could partially exp la in d i f ferences between beneficial/harmful effects of coffee consumption.Coffee consumption has been shown to have minimal or no impact, positive or negative, on cancer development; researchers involved in an ongoing 22-year study by the Harvard School of Public Health state that the overall balance of risks and benefits of coffee consumption are on the side of benefits. For example, men who drank six or more cups of coffee per day were found to have a 20% reduction in developing prostate cancer. Other studies suggest coffee consumption reduces the risk of being affected by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, cirrhosis of the liver, and gout. A longitudinal study in 2009 showed that those who consumed a moderate amount of coffee or tea (3–5 cups per day) at midlife were less likely to develop dementia and Alzheimer's disease in late-life compared with those who drank little coffee or avoided it altogether. It increases the risk of acid reflux and associated diseases. Most of coffee's beneficial effects against type 2 diabetes are not due to its caffeine content, as the positive effects of consumption are greater in those who drink decaffeinated coffee. A study from the Republic of China (Taiwan) offered an answer as to why coffee may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The authors reported that two major components

o f c o f fe e — c a f fe i c a c i d a n d chlorogenic acid--signif icantly suppressed the formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hlAPP) in their laboratory. The presence of antioxidants in coffee has been shown to prevent free radicals from causing cell damage. A recent study showed that roast coffee, high in lipophilic antioxidants and chlorogenic acid lactones, protected primary neuronal cell cultures against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. In a healthy liver, caffeine is mostly

broken down by the hepatic microsomal enzymatic system. The resulting metabolites are mostly paraxanthines—theobromine and theophylline—and a small amount of unchanged caffeine is excreted by urine. Therefore, the metabolism of caffeine depends on the state of this enzymatic system of the liver. Elderly individuals with a depleted enzymatic system do not tolerate coffee with caffeine. They are recommended to take decaffeinated coffee and this only if their stomach is healthy, because both decaffeinated coffee and coffee with caffeine cause heartburn. Moderate amounts of coffee (50–100 mg of caffeine or 5–10 g of coffee powder a day) are well tolerated by most elderly people. Excessive amounts of coffee can, in many individuals, cause very unpleasant, exceptionally even life-threatening adverse effects. The benefits of coffee on abnormal liver b i o c h e m i s t r y, c i r r h o s i s a n d hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported, but there is a lack of satisfactory explanation. A possible opposite, if not antagonistic, role of coffee and Mediterranean diet with regard to weight and insulin resistance is envisaged in the natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Coffee consumption can lead to iron deficiency anemia in mothers and infants. Coffee also interferes with the absorption of supplemental iron. Interference with iron absorption is due to the polyphenols present in coffee. Four major classes were identified: flavan-3-ols (monomers and procyanidins), hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and anthocyanidins. Although the inhibition of iron absorption can cause an iron deficiency, iron is considered a carcinogen in relation to the liver. Polyphenols contained in coffee are therefore associated with decreasing

the risk of liver cancer development. American scientist Yaser Dorri has suggested that the smell of coffee can restore appetite and refresh olfactory receptors. He suggests that people can regain their appetite after

cooking by smelling coffee beans, and that this method can also be used for research animals. Over 1,000 chemicals have been reported in roasted coffee; more than half of those tested (19/28) are rodent carcinogens at maximum tolerated dose, but due to the fact that animal cancer tests build in enormous safety factors, these chemicals should

not be considered true risks. Coffee's negative health effects are often blamed on its caffeine content. Instant coffee has a much greater amount of acrylamide than brewed coffee. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause

a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls. Caffeinated coffee is not recommended for everybody. It m a y a g g r a v a t e p r e - e x i s t i n g conditions such as gastroesophageal r e f l u x d i s e a s e , m i g r a i n e s , arrhythmias, and cause sleep disturbances. Coffee is no longer thought to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. One study suggests that it may have a mixed effect on short-term memory, by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current train of thought but making it more d i f f i cu l t to reca l l unre lated information. Caffeine has been associated with its ability to act as an antidepressant. A review by de Paulis and Martin indicated a link between a decrease in suicide rates and coffee consumption, and suggested that the

action of caffeine in blocking the inhibitory effects of adenosine on dopamine nerves in the brain reduced feelings of depression. A 1992 study concluded that about 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) experienced increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn, but a 2002 review of the literature criticised its methodology and concluded that "[t]he effects of caffeine withdrawal are st i l l controversial."About 15% of the U.S. general population report having stopped drinking coffee altogether, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects of caffeine.

Caffeine and headachesThere is some controversy over whether the caffeine in coffee causes h e a d a c h e s o r h e l p s re l i e v e headaches. In a 2000 controlled study by the Diamond Headache

Clinic in Chicago, Illinois, revealed that adults who took ibuprofen, an over-the-counter pa in k i l ler, combined with caffeine or one cup of coffee had increased effectiveness against tension headaches. The study did not recommend that the caffeine and ibuprofen combination was e f f e c t i v e a g a i n s t m i g r a i n e headaches. A Johns Hopkins controlled study has linked drinking coffee with addictive withdrawal headaches, even with those who drink coffee in moderation. A 2009 Norwegian University of Science and Technology controlled study claims that heavy coffee drinkers, four cups a day, are more likely to suffer occasional headaches than persons who have low coffee or caffeine consumption

C FFEEhe Saint was an ITC mystery spy thriller television series that Taired in the UK on ITV between

1962 and 1969. It centred on the Leslie Charteris literary character, Simon Templar, played by Roger Moore as a suave and sophisticated Robin Hood-like adventurer. The character may be nicknamed The Saint because the initial letters of his name (ST) are also an abbreviation for the word saint. When taking on an American persona he would often use the name Sebastian Tombs.As a result of the strong performance in the US of the first two black-and-white series in first-run syndication, NBC picked up the show as a summer replacement on its evening schedule in 1966. The programme therefore ended its run with both trans-Atlantic prime time scheduling and colour episodes. It also proved popular beyond the UK and US, eventually showing in over 60 countries, and made a profit in excess of £350m for ITC. With almost 120 episodes, the

programme is exceeded only by The Avengers as the most productive show of its genre produced in the UK.Series overviewThe Saint starred Roger Moore as Simon Templar. The f ict ional detective-cambrioleur was created by Leslie Charteris in the 1920s and featured in many novels and novellas over the years. Moore drove a white Volvo P1800 on the show. Moore's portrayal of Templar was considered a training ground for his later work as James Bond. He was reportedly offered the role of 007 at least twice

during the run of the series, but had to turn it down both times due to his television commitments. In one early episode of the series, a character actually mistakes Templar for James Bond. Roger Moore had earlier tried to buy the production rights to the Saint books himself and was delighted to be able to play the part. Moore eventually became co-owner of the

show with Robert S. Baker when the show moved to colour and the production credit became Bamore Productions. Most of the wardrobe Moore wore in the series was his own.Although Moore had a few recurring co-stars, most notably Ivor Dean who took over the role of Teal as Templar's nemesis/reluctant ally, Inspector Teal, he was the only actor to feature for the entire run of the show. This was in keeping with the later format of the Charteris novels wherein the Saint usually worked alone. In early books, however, Templar had a team of compatriots, as well as a regular girlfriend, but these characters do not appear in the programme. Inspector Teal had been previously played by Norman Pitt and Wensley Pithey. From the episode "Iris" (7 Nov 1963), Ivor Dean took over. He had previously starred as a bad guy in the series, in the "Hollywood" episode.The Saint began as a straightforward mystery series, but over the years

adopted more secret agent and fantasy-style plots. It also made a well-publicised switch from black-and-white to colour production midway through its run. The early episodes are distinguished by having Moore break the fourth wall and speak to the audience in character at the start of every episode. With the switch to colour this gimmick was replaced by simple narration.

Invariably, the pre-credits sequence ended with someone referring to the Saint as "the famous Simon Templar", at which point an animated halo appeared above Templar's head as the actor usually looked at the camera or directly at the halo. Some episodes such as "Iris" broke away from this formula and had Templar address the audience for the entire pre-credits sequence, setting up the story that followed.Many episodes were based upon Charteris' stories, although a higher percentage of original scripts appeared as the series progressed ("Queen's Ransom" was both the first colour episode and the first episode not to be based on a Charteris work). The novel Vendetta for the Saint, credited to Charteris but written by Harry Harrison, was one of the last Saint stories to be adapted. Some of the later stories were novelised and published as part of the ongoing series of The Saint novels, such as The Fiction Makers and The People

Importers. The first of these books, which gave cover credit to Charteris but were actually written by others, was The Saint on TV, and the series of novelisations continued for several years after the television programme had ended.The b/w series were first syndicated in the US by NBC affiliate stations in 1967 and 1968, and 32 of the 47 colour episodes were Networked by NBC from 1968 to 1969, and has since played in syndication in the US for many years after,(the 70s sequel Return of the Saint aired to high ratings on CBS in 1979/80). Most series are available on DVD in North America. A pair of two-part episodes from series 6, Vendetta for the Saint and The Fiction Makers, were compiled into feature films and distributed to theatres in Europe, and often show up on late-night television in America. They are also available on DVD.In 1978, the series was revived as Return of the Saint, starring Ian Ogilvy as Templar. Moore never played the role again after 1969, though he can be heard speaking on a car radio during the 1997 film The Saint, starring Val Kilmer as Templar. Although the film bore absolutely no similarity to the books or either TV series (and indeed carried no credit for Leslie Charteris), the executive producer of the film was Robert S. Baker, who developed and produced both The Saint and Return of the Saint.In the UK, ITV4 is currently broadcasting color episodes. In the USA, FamilyNet and RTV are airing both the black and white and color episodes.

T.V. SERIES

he Six Million Dollar Man is an American television series Tabout a former astronaut with

bionic implants working for the OSI (which was variously referred to as the Office of Scientific Intelligence, the Office of Scientific Investigation or the Office of Strategic Intelligence. The show is based on the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin, and during pre-production, that was the proposed title of the series. It aired on the ABC network as a regular series from 1974 to 1978, following three television movies aired in 1973. The title role of Steve Austin was p layed by L ee M a j o rs , w h o subsequently became a pop culture icon of the 1970s. A spin-off of the show was produced, The Bionic Woman, as well as several television movies featuring both eponymous characters.

OverviewThe background story of the original novel and the later series is the crash of former astronaut Steve Austin in a “lifting body” craft, shown in the opening credits of the show. (The lifting body craft m o s t l y s h o w n w a s a Northrop M2-F2; however, in the episode "The Deadly Replay," a Northrop HL-10, identified as such in dialog, was used.) Austin is severely injured in the crash and is “rebuilt” in a title-giving operation that costs at least

six million dollars. His right arm, both legs and the left eye are replaced by "bionic" implants that enhance his strength, speed and vision far above human norms: he can run at speeds of 60 mph (97 km/h), and his eye has a 20:1 zoom lens (In the novel it is a camera) and infrared capabilities while his limbs all have the equivalent power of a bulldozer. He uses his enhanced abilities to work for the OSI (Office of Scientific Intelligence) as a secret agent (and as a guinea pig for bionics).Caidin's novel was a best-seller when it was published in 1972, and he followed it up with three sequels, Cyborg II: Operation Nuke, Cyborg III: High Crystal, and Cyborg IV (with no subtitle), respectively about a black market in nuclear weapons, a Chariots of the Gods scenario, and

fusing Austin's bionic hardware to a space plane. None of these plotlines were utilized in the TV series.In March 1973, Cyborg was loosely

adapted as a made-for-TV movie titled The Six Million Dollar Man: "The Moon And The Desert," starring Majors as Austin. The adaptation was done by writer Howard Rodman working under the pseudonym of Henri Simoun. The film, which was nominated for a Hugo Award, modified Caidin's plot, and notably made Austin a civilian astronaut rather than a colonel in the United States Air Force. Absent were some of the standard features of the later series: the electronic sound effects, the slow-motion running, and the character of Oscar Goldman. (Instead, another character named Oliver Spencer, played by Darren McGavin, was Austin's supervisor, of an organization here called the OSO. In the novels, "OSO" stood for Office of Special Operations. Interestingly, the CIA did have an actual Office of Scientific Intelligence in the 1970s.) The lead scientist involved in implanting Austin's bionic hardware, Dr. Rudy Wells, was played in the pilot by Martin Balsam, then on an

occasional basis in the series by Alan Oppenheimer, and, finally, as a series regular, by Martin E. Brooks. Austin does not use the enhanced

capabilities of his bionic eye at any time during the film.The first film was a major ratings success and was followed by two more made-for-TV fi lms in October and November 1973. The first was titled

The Six Million Dollar Man: "Wine, Women and War" and the second was titled The Six Million Dollar Man: "The Solid Gold Kidnapping." (The first of these two bore strong resemblances to Caidin's second Cyborg novel, Operation Nuke; the second, however, was an original story.) This was followed by the debut, in January 1974, of The Six Million Dollar Man as a weekly hour-long series. The last two movies, produced by Glen A. Larson, notably introduced a James Bond flavor to the series and reinstated Austin's status from the novels as an Air Force colonel; the hour-long series, produced by Harve Bennett , dispensed with the James Bond-gloss of the movies, and portrayed a more down-to-earth Austin.The show was very popular during its run and introduced many pop culture elements of the 1970s, such as the show's opening catch-phrase ("We can rebuild him...we have the technology," provided by Richard

Anderson in his Oscar Goldman character), the slow-motion action sequences, and the accompanying “electronic” sound effects. The slow-motion action sequences were originally referred to as "Kung Fu slow motion" in popular culture (due to its usage in the 1970s martial arts television series), but it became far more noteworthy in The Six Million Dollar Man. (Early episodes, as well as the TV movies, were not consistent in how the bionics effects were presented; such consistency did not begin until the second season.)In 1975, a two-part episode entitled The Six Million Dollar Man: "The Bionic Woman," written for television by Kenneth Culver Johnson, introduced the character of Jaime Sommers (Lindsay Wagner), a professional tennis player who rekindled an old romance with Austin, only to experience a parachuting accident that resulted in her being given bionic parts similar to Austin. Ultimately, however, her body "rejected" her bionic hardware and she died. The character was very popular, however, and the following season it was revealed that she had barely survived, having been saved by a n e x p e r i m e n t a l c r y o g e n i c procedure, and she was given her own spin-off series, The Bionic Woman, which lasted until 1978 when both it and The Six Million D o l l a r M a n w e r e s i m u l t a n e o u s l y cancelled

overall balance of risks and

benefits of coffee consumption

are on the side of benefits.

Roger Moore had earlier tried to buy the production rights to the Saint books

Cyborg was loosely adapted as a made-for-TV movie titled The Six Million Dollar Man

FOOD &BEVERAGES

By: Shahzad Abid Khan

By: Sohail Zaidi

By: Sohail Zaidi

0908

MAY 2012 MAY 2012

Model : Zainee

Dresses : Kracevaya

Photographer : M. Yaqoob Bhatti

Makeup : Nisha Beauty Saloon

n my childhood we used to spent our summer holidays with Igrandparents in Punjab. There

was a custom there to smoke hookah, which we never saw in Karachi. It was a strange yet interesting observation for us to see how people were enjoying it. Later on I came to know that it contains tobacco and it is a serious risk for health. Recently I saw a glamorized version of this traditional hookah which I was familiar with, called Shisha or water pipe. My neighbours have a strawberry flavoured shisha which their son uses in BBQ parties. When I heard of it I asked my husband if it is just flavoured smoke can I have it? He replied that may be next time you can try it. When I researched about this new trend amongst youngsters I came across shocking news that most of the people including my husband don't know that it is a serious risk for health. People consider it just flavoured smoke but it is not as simple. Dr Javaid Khan, Professor and consultant Chest Physician of Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan had a research report aboutit. Shisha also known as Hookah, Water Pipe or Narghile is known to mankind for over 300 years. Shisha offers a mixture of crude types of tobacco fermented with molasses and fruits and the sweet odour of fruits conceals the natural smell of tobaccos tar and nicotine. A large

number of school and college students of both genders hang at Shisha

houses for smoking as don't face any hurdle there to satiate their desire. It has been claimed that more than 100 million people worldwide smoke shisha daily. It is a common practice in the Middle East, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and some Parts of China. In some parts of Middle East, Shisha use is more prevalent than cigarette smoking. Among Arab women in many countries, there is less of a stigma associated with Shisha than with cigarette smoking

and therefore more and more women are taking up this habit as a fashion. Scientific studies done to see the adverse health consequences of

shisha smoking point to dangers that are similar to those associated with cigarette smoking. The research conducted on Shisha use has clearly shown that it has particularly serious health consequences on 2 vital organs of body namely the lungs and heart. Lung Cancer, Cancers of the Food Pipe, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Emphysema, low birth weight, precipitation of Asthma attacks and pneumonia are some of the health hazards associated with

shisha smoking.Additional dangers not encountered with cigarette smoking are infectious diseases resulting from pipe sharing

and the frequent addition of alcohol or psychoactive drugs to the tobacco. Another worrying aspect of shisha epidemic is that previously it was used in countries like Pakistan and India, mainly by the elderly people living in the villages but in the past few years its use has markedly increased in the urban areas of this subcontinent. Many restaurants in urban areas are now offering Shisha to their customers. Smoke from Shisha besides others contains hundreds of potentially dangerous heavy metals like, Arsenic, Cobalt, Chromium and Lead. Under normal Shisha use the smoke produced from a s i n g l e p i p e u s e c o n t a i n approximately the same amount of Nicotine and Tar equivalent to 20 Cigarettes. Research has also shown that after 45 minutes of Shisha use expired air, carbon monoxide, plasma nicot ine and heart rate are

significantly elevated. Nicotine dependence may also result from repeated inhalation of tobacco smoke from Shisha. Besides Lung Cancer Shisha use is also linked with increased risk of, Mouth and Urinary Bladder Cancer. There is an urgent need to educate the public against the dangers of the Shisha use. Our religious scholars as well as non-governmental organizations should come forward and educate the public against the Shisha epidemic which is rapidly spreading in not only in the Muslims countries but also in the developed world. Special seminars should be held in schools warning the children against the dangers of Shisha use. Government must also bring laws restricting restaurants owners serving Shisha to its customers. Water-pipe tobacco should be subjected to the same regulations as c igarette and other tobacco p r o d u c t s . B e s i d e s c r e a t i n g awareness about the health hazards of pipe smoking, Pakistan needs to broaden the scope of the Tobacco Control Programme to encompass water-pipe smoking as well.

ShishaBy: Hina Safdar

risk for health serious A

eaching ch i ldren about n u t r i t i o n c a n b e b o t h Trewarding and amusing. It is

critical to engage children, invoke curiosity and remain positive about food and health. Creativity is also imperat ive when developing nutrition activities for kids. Nutrition activities should allow kids to explore food and apply new knowledge. Most of all, nutrition activities for children should be fun.My Pyramid RelayThis activity teaches children about the five major food groups (grains, vegetables, fruit, milk and meat and beans) through a team relay race. Before conducting this activity, spend a couple of weeks collecting empty food containers from all food groups. On the day of the activity, set an assortment of food containers in two groups about 10 feet apart. This will be the starting point for each team. Next, using masking tape, create an outline of My Pyramid about 20 feet away from the food containers. Make one pyramid per team and label food groups with pictures or words for

easy identification. Split children i n t o t e a m s and explain to them that they will be racing to place each food container in the correct place on the pyramid. Once the race is over, go through each food and ask whether or not it is in the correct food group. Teams collect one point for each correctly placed food, and the winning team gets five extra points. This activity is appropriate for children from kindergarten to third grade.Make Your PlateIf a child love arts and crafts, he will love this activity. Before getting started, talk briefly about what

makes a healthy meal--variety, taste, texture, nutrition. Prepare a table with safe scissors, crayons, stickers,

markers, glitter, glue, magazines and newspaper ads. Have children make their own plate using all of the materials available. When everyone is finished, have children take turns sharing which foods they included in their creative design and why. Be sure to praise children for their artwork and what they chose and refrain from scolding for making less-healthy choices. This activity is appropriate for children from kindergarten to third grade.Exploring Fruits and VeggiesFor this activity, purchase several

fresh fruits and vegetables and prepare simple nutrition information cards to accompany each piece of

produce. Distr ibute the produce and information cards to groups of children. This is best done in a classroom setting. Ask each group to explore their fruit or vegetable by feeling and smelling it, looking over the nutrition information card and reflecting on personal experiences they've had with the food. Once they have had time to reflect, ask each group to develop a colorful poster creatively advertising their fresh produce. Have each group take a turn presenting their poster to the class. To top it off, serve a smoothie or fruit salad using the produce that the children explored. This activity is appropriate for children from fourth grade to sixth grade. Prior to doing this activity check with instructors and/or parents to ensure that children are not allergic to any fruits or vegetables used.Plants to PlatesFor plants to plates, provide each student with two recycled plastic cups--one with a hole in it. Have each child take turns dipping the cup with a hole into a bucket of soil. While children are waiting for everyone to fill up their cups ask them to explore

their soil and share what they find. Next, pass out three seeds for a small plant that is in season. Demonstrate how deep they should plaint their seeds. After everyone has planted, allow children to water their plants at a drinking fountain or sink. Once all children are settled, discuss how plants grow and why they are so nutritious. Introducing the concept of growing a seed into something edible is intriguing and exciting for children. Foods that are grown (grains, fruits, vegetables) are among some of the most nutritious and delicious foods available. Teaching children about the growing process can encourage them to eat these healthy foods at home. This activity is appropriate for children from preschool to fourth grade.

NUTRITIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR KIDS

akistan's music platform Coke Studio returns this year with a Pnew season, bringing back a

musical fusion of exciting elements and diverse influences, ranging from traditional Eastern, modern Western and regionally inspired music. Coke Studio Season 5 aims to introduce new genres and fusion where featured artists explore their heritage while showcasing their unique styles.Since its inception in Season 1, Coke Studio has explored layers of meaning, cultural identity and spiritual philosophies that lie behind each artistic expression. This season, maintaining the same approach of subtlety, Coke Studio enables the

audiences to witness a journey into the heart of our identity as a nation and cultivate a sense of pride. Further, this season Coke Studio will be exploring unique aspects of our culture by highlighting regional l a n gu a ge s o n gs a n d a r t i s t s , introducing some gifted, yet virtually unknown young singers who have arrived on this platform through their talents, passion and creativity. Season 5 will also showcase the creative and intellectual rediscovery of featured artists who return to Coke Studio for a second time while the young artists aim to discover their heritage by incorporating parts of Sufi poetry and philosophy in their music and writing. To this end Season 5 witnesses Rohail Hyatt back at the helm and features: Atif Aslam, Bilal Khan, Bohemia, Chakwalis, Fareed Ayaz and Abu M u h a m m a d , H a d i q a K i y a n i , Humayun Khan, Meesha Shafi, Tahir Mithu, Overload, Qayaas, SYMT and

Uzair Jaswal.Season 5 also marks the return of the house band with Asad Ahmed on guitar, Babar Ali Khanna on dholak, Javed Iqbal on violin, Kamran 'Mannu' Zafar on bass, Omran 'Momo' Shafique on guitar, Sikander Mufti on multi-percussions and Rachel Viccaji and Zoe Viccaji on backing vocals. Joining the house band this season are two new talents: Farhad Humayun on drums and Mubashir Admani on keyboards. Speaking about Coke Studio, Rizwan U. Khan, Country Manager of The Coca-Cola Export Corporation, has said, “ This year, Coke Studio

completes five glorious seasons of a mystical music journey. Coke Studio has enthralled audiences all over the world and continues to promote our rich and unique culture. I am sure that this season will bring many more surprises for our audiences.” Executive Producer Coke Studio, Rohail Hyatt has said; “Entering into our 5th season, we at Coke Studio believe our journey continues to explore the wealth of talent and cultural diversity that we as a nation are blessed with. Everyone has put in their best again because we believe in sharing and presenting ourselves to the best of our abilities. It is without doubt that the love and respect that our audience has showered us with, serves as our inspiration. I'd like to thank everyone who has supported our efforts. I hope you find something in your life that becomes your source of inspiration and allows you to better enjoy the beauty of life itself."

13

purchase several fresh fruits and vegetables and prepare simple nutrition information cards

asthma attacks and pneumonia are some of the health hazards associated with shisha smoking.

Musical Discoveries with brand new season of

Coke Studio!

Musical Discoveries with brand new season of

Coke Studio!

Coke Studio has explored layers of meaning, cultural identity and spiritual philosophies

PHOTOGRAPHS BY : KOHI MARRI

ENTERTAINMENT

By: Dr. Waqas

Report By: Manzoor Sulehria

12

MAY 2012 MAY 2012

2 glasses cold milk1 cup strawberries or4 tbsp strawberry crush2 bananas2 to 4 tbsp sugar4 ice-cubes

Wash the strawberries remove the stems & cut into halfPeel the bananas. Chop into 4 to 5 pieces each.Pour milk into the blender, odd strawberries, bananas, sugar & ice cubes.Put the lid on the blender & blend well until smooth.Pour into 4 glassesPop in straws

Strawberry Banana Milkshake

3 cups chilled milk4 ice-cubes4 tbsp sugar1/2 tsp cinnamon (dalchini) powder1 tsp cocoa powder1 1/2 tsp instant coffee powder1/2 tsp vanilla essence4 scoops of Vanilla Ice-cream or Chocolate Ice-Cream

Put chilled milk & cubes into a blenderAdd the sugar, cinnamon powder, cocoa powder, coffee powder & vanilla essence. Blend till frothy.Place one scoop of ice-cream in each glassPout the blended coffee over the ice-cream. Pop a teaspoon in each glass.Serve immediately.

Iced Espresso

Tips Iced Expresso tastes wonderful without the ice-cream, too.

3 tsp raspberry syrup1 tsp lemon juice3 tbsp mixed fruits, finely chopped1 bottle lemonade or any lemon drink

Cinderella

Put the raspberry syrup & lemon juice in a tall serving glassAdd the fruitsOpen the bottle of lemonade & pour it into the glassServe chilled

You can also use strawberry crush instead if raspberry syrup.

Sp rts

he Pakistan cricketer Mohammad Asif has Tbeen released from jail

after serving half a 12-month sentence for his part in a spot-fixing scam.He was one of three Pakistan cricketers who received custodial sentences at London's Southward crown court in November over a scandal that rocked world sport.The former Test captain Salman Butt, was jailed for two and a half years for his role as the "orchestrator" of a plot to bowl deliberate no-balls in the 2010 Lord's Test against England.Mohammad Amir, 19, who had been tipped to become one of the all-time great fast bowlers, was released from Portland young offenders' institution in Dorset in February after serving half his six-month sentence.Mazhar Majeed, 36, the corrupt London-based sports agent at the heart of the fixing scandal, was jailed

for two years and eight months.All three players are serving five-year bans from cricket imposed by the International Cricket Council.The fixing scandal emerged after undercover News of the World reporter approached Majeed in August 2010 pretending to be a wealthy Indian businessman seeking major international cricketers for a tournament. The agent, from

Croydon, south London, was secretly filmed accepting £150,000 in cash from the journalist as part of an arrangement to rig games.Majeed promised the reporter that Asif and Amir would deliver three no-balls at specific points during the Test between Pakistan and England at Lord's from 26-29 August 2010.He claimed he had been carrying out fixing for two and a half years and had

seven players from Pakistan's national side working for him.Explaining why he bowled a no-ball when Majeed said he would, Asif alleged that Butt told him: "Run faster, fucker," moments before his delivery.The trial judge, Mr Justice Cooke, said there was no evidence that Asif had taken part in fixing before the Lord's match but added: "It is hard to see how this could be an isolated

occurrence for you."Asif took his 100th Test wicket during Pakistan's 2010 series in England.He had run into controversy before. He twice tested positive for the per formance-enhanc ing drug nandrolone and was held in Dubai for 19 days in 2008 after opium was found in his wallet.Amir and Butt failed in an attempt to have their sentences reduced at the court of appeal in November.

Mohammad Asif released early after spot-fixing sentence

oung Pakistani fast bowler Muhammad YAmir who is serving a

five year ICC band and who has been recently released from a young offenders institute in the UK is set to marry his lawyer during the c a s e h e a r i n g S a j i d a MalikAccording to a local newspaper the pair fell in love during the hearing of the spot fixing case, Sajida who is a lawyer by profession is a British Pakistani and is fluent in English and Punjabi. She met with Amir’s parents in Lahore when the pa i r returned from UK earlier this month.

ll-rounder former Pakistani Cricketer Azhar Mahmood believes that cricket has no Aboundaries and the game can play a part in

reviving the ties between India and Pakistan. Mahmood, said that the game has brought the two nations closer in the past and the same thing can happen again. “When we toured [India] in 1997, there was a tension between the two nations. But after that tour, tensions eased and the situation improved. The game has no boundary. In the past, it was cricket which brought the two nations together, and I hope it will play the same role in future too,” Mahmood, the only Pakistan player playing in the current season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), was quoted as saying. Cricketing ties between the two neighbours remain suspended since the Mumbai terror attack in 2008 and Mahmood said the people of the both nations wanted peace. “I hope the tensions between the two countries ease, and like two good neighbours, we live together and move forward. That will be good for every Pakistani and Indian as well. We want peace,” he said. Mahmood also feels that the

current Pakistan team is doing well under the leadership of Misbahul Haq and the appointment of the experienced Dav Whatmore will also help them improve further. “The team has been playing well under Misbahul Haq. Barring ODIs against England, they haven't lost a series. The coach Dav Whatmore also knows the [Pakistani] culture very well from his experience in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. I think Pakistani cricket is in safe hands.” Mahmood, who represented Pakistan in 143 ODIs and 21 Tests, also said that he was not averse to playing for Pakistan in future. “I never said no to them [the PCB]. But it's in the air and anything can happen. I want to play competitive cricket, which I am playing. But if an opportunity comes my way, I will think about it,” he said, adding that at 37 he was not getting any younger and would have to weigh his options as he was travelling around to the world to play the game. Mahmood, whose inclusion has helped Punjab strike the right balance, said he was pleased with his performance so far. “Everybody is chipping in with the ball and bat. We are placed at No. 4 [in the points table] and if we can win [another] 2-3 games, we have got really a good chance to proceed further. I have heard many people saying that it has made the difference since I joined the side [Punjab], which is quite pleasing.” Mahmood, who has been among the wickets and making useful contributions with the bat lower down the order, said he would love to bat at No. 3 or 4, but that call is not his. “It's not about me, it's about getting the team balance right. If I get an opportunity to bat up the order, I would love it. However, the important thing is to win games.” He also said that IPL had helped in scouting young talent and praised team's youngsters like Mandeep Singh and Parvinder Awana for putting up a good show. “We [Punjab] don't have big names, but youngsters are putting in a lot of energy. We like each other's company and each other's success,” he said. Mahmood has high regards for Sachin Tendulkar and said getting a batsman of his calibre out was always an achievement and brought a special feeling. “There is no doubt that he is the best player in the world,” said Mahmood.

From our Sport Desk

Tensions can eased between Pakistan and India through Cricket Azhar Mahmood

Tensions can eased between Pakistan and India through Cricket Azhar Mahmood

Tutti-Frutti Ice-cream bombe

Ingredients500 ml Milk 2 tbsp Honey runny6 Eggs medium, yolks100 grams Sugar 25 grams Almonds blanched25 grams hazelnuts 100 grams Cherries 100 grams Cut mixed peel 55 grams papaya dried, chopped55 grams mango dried, chopped1 tbsp Cointreau 250 grams Mascarpone cheese

Additional Ingredients100 grams Chocolate good quality dark,

chopped150 ml Double Cream 55 grams Butter 125 grams Light Muscovado Sugar

(Billington's)

How to make Tutti-Frutti Ice-cream bombe- Click on the text to highlight the different stages as you go along, or click the button below to enlarge all text1. First make the custard: place the milk and honey in a heavy-based saucepan and slowly bring to the boil. Meanwhile, using an electric whisk, whisk the egg yolks and caster sugar together until pale and creamy, about 2-3 minutes 2. Gradually pour the hot milk over the egg mixture, whisking all the time, Then return to the pan and, over a low heat, cook gently, whisking constantly, until it thickens slightly, about 5-8 minutes. Do not allow to boil. Once it is thick enough to coat the back of a wooden spoon, remove and place in a basin of cold water. Stir occasionally until cold. 3. Then, toast the nuts by placing under a hot grill until golden brown. Watch carefully, so they do not burn. Place the glace cherries and dried fruits in a bowl, cover with the Cointreau and stir. 4. Once the custard is cold, whisk in the mascarpone, using electric beaters, until smooth. Stir in the nuts and fruit then, once well combined, tip into a 1 litre/1 3/4 pint pudding basin. Cover with cling film and place in a freezer - preferably on 'fast freeze' for at least 6 hours 5. To serve, dip the basin briefly into hot water and invert onto a serving dish. If it is freshly made, it can be served at once; otherwise leave in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes to softend up a little 6. For the sauce place everything in a saucepan and, stirring, bring slowly to the boil then bubble away for 4 - 5 minutes, stirring constantly, until thick and glossy. Serve hot with the bombe.

By : Zainab Faisal

14 15

MAY 2012 MAY 2012

Flowers

Roses, poppies,

Jasmines and tulips

These flowers are beauties

As they stand in out garden's

Flowerbed

All the flowers in the world

Have different smiles

And are the bases

Of different fruits

And they look beautiful

In the bushes and the hedges

On the plain hill sides

On their natural houses

Made by Allah

by Maha

Follow your dream

Trouble arrives in measures

And we stack it up real high

Until we're convinced

We have no reason to try

If you feel defeated

You're absolutely wrong

For if you follow your dream

You could never lose for long

Ignore the minor set backs

That pile up and trouble you

Or you will build a mountain

Out of a stone hurled at you

The future holds a promise

Your destiny unknown

But God's always helping

And you are never alone

Soar bravely towards your goal

Let nothing darken the way

You can change your tomorrow

If you seek your dream today

by Areeb

color it

color it

color it

Spot 5 Differences on Pirate Island

To little : Zainab Hugs and kisses to you on your birthday From your Father

My lovely and only Son : Danyal You only have 1 birthday year – so party heartyFrom your Dad

My elder sister : Nazima KiranWishing you a birthday filled with fun and joyFrom: Sidra Iram

My Dear Friend : ImranHoping you get all the gifts that your heart desires

My sweat princess : Faqeeha KhanHappy birthday to the princess of the day From Your : Mother

BIRTHDAY WISHES

omads also came to civilized centers to sell animal Nproducts and to buy some of

the artifacts of civilization. Many came in the employ of caravans and as slaves, bodyguards, or members of the armies of the later Abbasid caliphs, subsequently rising to powerful positions in the Abbasid government and army in the tenth century. Some ultimately established t h e i r o w n d y n a st i e s i n t h e borderlands of the declining Abbasid Empire, as did the Karahanids, who took over Transoxania from the midtenth century until the beginning of the thirteenth century; the Gaznevids, who built an empire in Horasan, southern Iraq, and Afghanistan at about the same time; and the Great Seljuks, who took over the heartland of Islamic civilization as guardians of the caliphs from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. Each of these Turkish dynasties revived and reinvigorated Islam, defending it from their uncivilized brothers still flowing from the steppes, but each lasted for only a short time before breaking up, leaving the Middle East in an increasing state of anarchy as well as in danger of new and ever more destructive nomadic invasions from the north and the east. The Great Seljuks and Their Successors Most important in terms of their influence over the Ottomans were the Seljuks, a group of Oguz warriors that apparently entered the Middle East in the tenth century. The Seljuks rose originally as mercenary guards in the service of the Karahanids. Later they acted to defend towns in Horasan and Transoxania against nomads and military adventurers. And, finally, they assumed the role of protectors of the later Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad against threats to their dominions. In 1055 the real founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Tugrul Bey, forced the Abbasid caliph to make him protector of orthodox Islam and to recognize him as sultan, or temporal ruler. The Seljuks were not the first military protectors of the powerless later caliphs, but they were the first to complete the p ro c e s s o f re g u l a r i z i n g a n d institutionalizing the relationship.With northern Iran entirely under Seljuk control and Iraq professing submission, the Seljuks were confronted with the problem of consolidating their rule and restoring order and prosperity in the Middle East while providing their nomadic vassals with the booty and grazing lands they demanded. Were the Seljuks still leaders of nomadic Turkomans, or were they now rulers and protectors of the civilization they had conquered? It was the latter role that came to dominate, leading to conflicts between the Seljuk rulers and their nomadic commanders and followers, who were dissatisfied with

the restrictions imposed on them to save the settled populations of

the area. The Seljuk leader, as sultan, assumed most of the caliph's authority to legislate and rule in matters concerning administrative, military, and secular questions not directly regulated in the Muslim law. The caliph remained more as a spiritual leader with the power to regulate matters of personal b e h a v i o r a n d i n d i v i d u a l relationships. As temporal rulers of the Islamic state the Seljuks took over, restored, and elaborated the t r a d i t i o n a l P e r s o - I s l a m i c administrative apparatus developed in late Abbasid times, relying largely on Persian ministers who emphasized their own culture, reviving the Persian language and largely eliminating Arabic in government and culture alike, using Persians in most of the administrative positions of the empire, even those in areas inhabited mainly by Arabs. In return for caliphal recognition the Seljuks became champions of orthodoxy in the Islamic world and leaders of the movement to eradicate the political, military, and religious influence of Shiism. Shias were routed out of administrat ive pos i t ions and replaced by orthodox officials. To provide the latter in sufficient quality and numbers the Muslim educational system was reorganized and centered in the mosque schools and higher m e d r e s e s c h o o l s , w h i c h strengthened the orthodox religious i n st i t u t i o n . T h e s u f i myst i c movement, which was fulfilling the popular need for a more personal religion, was reconciled with the interpretations of the orthodox establishment. The sufi orders now were recognized as orthodox and spread all over the empire to counteract the efforts of the heterodox Shias to capture the

masses. What was to be done with the Turkoman nomads who were driving out the settled populations of eastern Iran and Azerbaijan to the northwest and establishing their own pastoral economy ? As long as the nomads formed the main element of the Seljuk army, their demands for booty and fodder could not be entirely ignored. But controlling them was very difficult. The Seljuk solution provided the key to the sultans' success in maintaining power and organizing their administration. They first used their position as sultans to institute a new regular salaried army of mamluk slaves brought from the highlands of the Caucasus and of prisoners taken in the conquests. Once the new army gave the Seljuks a sufficient military

alternative to the Turkomans, they solved the remainder of their problem by using it to drive the Turkomans out of Iran and Iraq into the territories of their enemies. But these solutions created a new financial problem. How were the bureaucrats and soldiers to be paid ? Clearly, the booty that had satisfied the nomads could no longer be relied on. But the state was not yet strong enough to establish direct rule and levy sufficient taxes to meet its obligations. The solution was a sy s t e m o f i n d i r e c t r e v e n u e assignment { ikta) , developed originally in Iran by the Buyids as a means of tax collection and now used also as the pr imary unit of administration. The essential premise of the system was the idea that a l l wealth ( though not necessarily all property) belonged to the ruler. To exploit it he acted not through salaried officials of state, but rather by superimposing the ikta units, each of which gave its possessor the right to administer a source of wealth and to collect its revenues. Officers of the new army and officials of the administration were given these iktas in return for performing their duties, thus as the equivalent of a salary. This relieved the treasury of the problem of finding money to pay its soldiers and civil servants and also gave the ikta holders an interest in preserving the prosperity of agriculture and trade. They could no longer ravage the land and move on as the nomads had done in the past. With the new army and bureaucracy organized and financed, the Turkomans could be and were pushed out of the settled areas of Iran and Iraq as rapidly as possible. At the end of the eleventh century the Seljuks actually seem to have wanted

the nomads to move against the Fatimids in Egypt as a further means of e n d i n g t h e

heterodox threat against Islamic orthodoxy.

But the more natural road for the Turkomans was to the north

and west. The plateaus of Iran and Iraq running into the highlands of eastern Anatolia seem to have been far more convenient conduits to pastures than were the mountains of southwestern Iran and the deserts of Syria and Sinai. In addition, the Byzantine and Armenian states in Anatolia appeared to be much weaker and offered the prospect of much more booty than did that of the Fatimids. The Seljuks opposed the Turkoman pushes into Anatolia because of their own efforts to ally with the first Crusaders and even with the Byzantines against the Fatimids, and they made little effort to follow up the early Turkoman onslaughts with formal occupation. Eventually, however, the momentum of the Turkomans carried the Seljuks along. Indeed, times were propitious for a Seljuk move into Anatolia. The

Christian defenses there were extremely weak. The regular Byzantine army was weakened by internal political dissension and military revolts. The Armenian vassal chiefs who defended much of the southeastern frontier also were fighting among themselves and generally were unwilling to accept Byzantine direction. Moreover, the Byzantine defense system consisted of a few large garrisons stationed in widely separated forts, and it was not too difficult for the nomads to slip past them. The Christians relied mainly on heavy armor, pikes, and axes and found it almost impossible to compete successfully with the mobile nomadic cavalrymen who used the bow and arrow with deadly effectiveness. And, finally, Byzantine economic policy and religious strife left the populace largely unwilling to support the efforts of their masters against invaders, whoever they might be. The Turkoman raids began in 1048, pillaging Armenia, Erzurum, and Trabzon to the north and the valley of the Murat Su to the south. The Seljuk sultan Tugrul Bey led a campaign into the same areas in 1054 while the Turkomans raided farther and farther west each year. The centralizing policies of Sultan Alp Arslan (1063-1072) caused more Turkomans to flee Seljuk rule in Iran. Since most of them entered Anatolia in flight, they were willing to hire themselves out as mercenaries, helping Armenian and Byzantine feudal nobles and princes against each other as well as against Turkoman raids, but this situation made the Christians even more vulnerable. As soon as Alp Arslan settled his position in Iraq, he undertook a new campaign (1065) in eastern Anatolia to consolidate his control over the frontier Turkomans as well as the Christian princes in the area. Byzantine efforts to stop the invasion by raiding along the upper Euphrates into Syria were beaten back (1068-1069) while the nomads raided farther and farther into western Anatolia. Alp Arslan still hoped to make a truce with the Byzantines so that he could concentrate against the Fatimids; but when he heard that Emperor Romanus Diogenus was leading a new offensive to the east, he moved north for a direct confrontation with the Byzantine army, the first time that the Turks had risked such a battle. The two armies came together at Manzikert, north of Lake Van (August 19, 1071), where one of the great momentous battles of history took

place. Turkish maneuverability and superiority with the bow and arrow, combined with dissension in the Byzantine army, caused the latter to flee while the emperor was captured. Because Alp Arslan still considered the Fatimids as his primary objective, he did not use the victory to make further organized attacks into Anatolia. But whether he intended it or not, the victory destroyed the old Byzantine border defense system and organized resistance against the Turkomans, opening the gates for the latter to enter in increasing numbers as they sought to evade the organized governmental controls being extended by the Seljuks. The Turkomans, therefore, stepped up the attack, devastating agriculture and trade and paralyzing Byzantine administration. Within a few years all of Byzantine Anatolia east of Cappadocia was occupied by the nomads except for a few forts in the Taurus mountains and Trabzon, on the Black Sea, which was to hold out for centuries. Continued Byzantine internal disputes and feudal anarchy also enabled the Turkomans to raid westward all the way to Iznik (Nicaea) and the Bosporus, though here they were unable to settle down to the extent that they had in the east. At this point some of the Turkomans were led by their own hans. Others submitted to the authority of individual Seljuk princes, military commanders, and others who sought to make their fortunes on the western frontiers rather than accepting the authority of the sultan in Iraq. Some of these established their own small states and left them to heirs, thus founding their own dynasties. In Cilicia one of these, Siileyman, son of Tugrul's cousin Kutlumus, led a group of Turkomans that helped several Byzantine emperors and princes and in return was recognized as ruler of much of south-central Anatolia, forming the base of the Seljuk Empire of Rum, which later rose to dominate most of Turkoman Anatolia. While Anatolia was gradually transformed into a Turkish dominion, the Great Seljuk Empire, now centered at Isfahan, reached its peak. Alp Arslan was killed a year after Manzikert during a campaign against the Karahanids and was succeeded by his son Maliksah ( 1 0 7 2 - 1 0 9 2 ) , w h o s e r e i g n inaugurated the decline. Because of his youth the new sultan had to rely heavily on his father's trusted chief minister, Nizam ul-Miilk.

to be continued...

In return for caliphal recognition the Seljuks became champions of orthodoxy in the Islamic world

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long time ago there were a king and queen who Awere unhappy because

they were childless. But it happened that once when the queen was bathing, a frog crept out of the water on to the land, and said to her, "Your wish shall be fulfilled, before a year has gone by, you shall have a daughter." What the frog had said came true, and the queen had a little girl who was so pretty that the king could not contain himself for joy, and ordered a great feast. He invited not only his kindred, friends and acquaintances, but also the wise women, in order that they might be kind and well disposed towards the child. There were thirteen of them in his kingdom, but, as he had only twelve golden plates for them to eat out of, one of them had to be left at home. The feast was held with all manner of splendour and when it came to an end the wise women bestowed their magic gifts upon the baby - one gave virtue, another beauty, a third riches, and so on with everything in the world that one can wish for. When eleven of them had made their promises, suddenly the thirteenth came in. She wished to avenge herself for not having been invited, and without greeting, or even looking at anyone, she cried with a loud voice, "The king's daughter shall in her fifteenth year prick herself with a spindle, and fall down

dead." And, without saying a word more, she turned round and left the room. They were all shocked, but the twelfth, whose good wish still remained unspoken, came forward, and as she could not undo the evil sentence, but only soften it, she said, it shall not be death, but a deep sleep of a hundred years, into which the princess shall fall. The king, who would fain keep his dear child from the misfortune, gave orders that every spindle in the whole kingdom should be burnt. Meanwhile the gifts of the wise women were plenteously fulfilled on the young girl, for she was so beautiful, modest, good-natured, and wise, that everyone who saw her was bound to love her. It happened that on the very day when she was fifteen years old, the king and queen were not at home, and the maiden was left in the palace quite alone. So she went round into all sorts of places, looked into rooms and bed-chambers just as she liked, and at last came to an old tower. She climbed up the narrow winding staircase, and reached a little door. A rusty key was in the lock, and when she turned it the door sprang open, and there in a

door sprang open, and there in a little room sat an old woman with a spindle, busily spinning her flax. "Good day, old mother," said the king's daughter, "what are you doing there?" "I am spinning," said the old woman, and nodded her head. "What sort of thing is that, that rattles round so merrily," said the girl, and she took the spindle and wanted to spin too. But scarcely had she touched the spindle when the magic decree was fulfilled, and she pricked her finger with it. And, in the very moment when she felt the prick, she fell down upon the bed that stood there, and lay in a deep sleep. And this sleep extended over the whole palace, the king and queen who had just come home, and had entered the great hall, began to go to sleep, and the whole of the court with them. The horses, too, went to sleep in the stable, the dogs in the yard, the pigeons upon the roof, the flies on the wall, even the fire that was flaming on the hearth became quiet and slept, the roast meat left off frizzling, and the cook, who was just going to pull the hair of the scullery boy, because he had forgotten something, let him go, and went to sleep. And the wind fell, and on the trees before the castle not a leaf moved again. But round about the castle there began to grow a hedge of thorns, which every year became higher, and at last grew close up round the castle and all over it, so that there was nothing of it to be seen, not even the flag upon the roof. But the story of the beautiful sleeping Briar Rose, for so the princess was named, went about

the country, so that from time to time kings' sons came and tried to get through the thorny hedge into the castle. But they found it impossible, for the thorns held fast together, as if they had hands, and the youths were caught in them, could not get loose again, and died a miserable death. After long, long years a king's son came again to that country, and heard an old man talking about the thorn hedge, and that a castle was said to stand behind it in which a wonderfully beautiful princess, named Briar Rose, had been asleep for a hundred years, and that the king and queen and the whole court were asleep likewise. He had heard, too, from his grandfather, that many kings, sons had already come, and had tried to get through the thorny hedge, but they had remained sticking fast in it, and had died a pitiful death. Then the youth said, "I am not afraid, I will go and see the beautiful Briar Rose." The good old man might dissuade him as he would, he did not listen to his words. But by this time the hundred years had just passed, and the day had come when Briar Rose was to awake again. When the king's son came near to the thorn hedge, it was nothing but large and beautiful flowers, which parted from each other of their own accord, and let him pass unhurt, then they closed again behind him like a hedge. In the castle yard he saw the horses and the spotted hounds lying asleep, on the roof sat the pigeons with their heads under their wings. And when he entered the house, the flies were asleep upon the

wall, the cook in the kitchen was still holding out his hand to seize the boy, and the maid was sitting by the black hen which she was going to pluck. He went on farther, and in the great hall he saw the whole of the court lying asleep, and up by the throne lay the king and queen. Then he went on still farther, and all was so quiet that a breath could be heard, and at last he came to the tower, and opened the door into the little room where Briar Rose was sleeping. There she lay, so beautiful that he could not turn his eyes away, and he stooped down and gave her a kiss. But as soon as he kissed her, Briar Rose opened her eyes and awoke, and looked at him quite sweetly. Then they went down together, and the king awoke, and the queen, and the whole court, and looked at each other in great astonishment. And the horses in the courtyard stood up and shook themselves, the hounds jumped up and wagged their tails, the pigeons upon the roof pulled out their heads from under their wings, looked round, and flew into the open country, the flies on the wall crept again, the fire in the kitchen burned up and flickered and cooked the meat, the joint began to turn and sizzle again, and the cook gave the boy such a box on the ear that he screamed, and the maid finished plucking the fowl. And then the marriage of the king's son with Briar Rose was celebrated with all splendor, and they lived contented to the end of their days.

Sleeping Beauty

ast night it had rained heavily but no damage in Lthe v i l lage had been

reported to me. I just had my breakfast and was going to the fields to see my wheat crop. The rain was going to on beneficial to the barani land.Korphe my village is near the Hunza River. It has been for centauries that my forefathers have lived here, for us our civilization started here, took root h e re a n d g re w h e re b u t uneducated. Last year we started collecting funds for a school as the government did not co-operate with us when we had sent a request for a primary school to be built in our village.

The new school was going to bring hope for a better future. “Salaam, Haji Ali”, said Abdul as he sat on the charpai in my front yard. His forehead was wrinkled with creases and he was fidgeting with a corner of his jacket.This mean's bad news, last time I seen him like this he gave me the news of my wife's death.He presented dreadful news when I asked. The river Hunza had been blockage by a landslide with water accumulating it was like a dam in the summer season which ws going to break it's barriers once the walls made of soil and rock weakened and then taking away with if all that came in its way even Korphe.The nest day I went to inspect the jheel myself and my heart sank as I told my people what could happen, what was going to happen! As the chieftain of my tribe it was my responsibility to keep my people safe. After several discussions I wrote a

letter to our government official asking for help or assistance, but that did not help, no assistance or support facilities arrived nothing accept that the water level rose in the lake and several villages near if were flooded which lead to people moving downstream towards out village and many others. This crowded our area and on top of it television reporters also flooded into the area.When it became obvious that the dam would break government officials ordered us to evacuate the area. Many of us had left long ago for Karachi and Peshawar, they had other plans for themselves. The remaining of us packed our bags and sat into the helicopters. Below us we could witness the water replenishing our dreams our Korphe. The dam had not only broken itself but our tribe and our hope as well.

HopeBy: Maha Arshad

By : Sarosh Farrukh

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