MaxDB - Administration
Transcript of MaxDB - Administration
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MaxDB Administration
This section again will be fairly large, I will be discussing the following
Installation
Creating and Configuring a database
Adding volumes
Configuring log volumes and log mode
Database backupsLog backups
Database recovery
Consistency checks
Deleting the database
Installation
SAP MaxDB can be freely downloaded from the SAP website, there are a number of version to cover a wide range of operating systems. First I
will discuss how to install MaxDB on a Unix server. Once downloaded you must extract the software either using winzip or SAPCAR, once
extracted you should have the following files
to start the installation as root run the SDBINST command and follow the below
software components
here you have a number of options
0: Server + Client - select this option to install the entire MaxDB server software
1: Client - installs all software exc ept server utilities, database kernel and APO LiveCache apps
2: Custom - gives you an option on what components you want to install
3: None - don't install anything
Select option 2
Custom installation
here you have a number of options available
0: Runtime for SAP AS - install NetWeaver AS on the server
1: DBAnalyzer - only install the DBAnalyzer it also installs Base, M essages, SAP Utilties and DBAnalyzer
2: JDBC - installs Base, SAP Utilities and JDBC
3: Server - only installs the server components
4: Loader - installs components for loading large data volumes via python
5: ODBC - install components that are required for ODBC communications
6: All - all components are installed
7: None - cancel the installation
Select option 3
The installation will now ask a series of questions regarding below, you can change any of the above to suit you own requirement
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Server Installation
(preparing phase)
group name e au : s a)
owner name ( default: sdb)
independent data path (default: /var/opt/sdb/data)
independent program path (default: /opt/sdb/programs)
The installation will go and do some stuff and come back requesting information regarding the database kernel preparing
dependent path (default: /opt/sdb/7603)
Server Installation
(installation phase)The installation will now be carried out in the background, the database is automatically started
Thats all there is to it, you can also use a commandline option to install MaxDB
Installation in the
background./SDBINST -component_group Server -indep_data /var/opt/sdb/data -indep_prog /opt/sdb/programs -o sdb -g sdba
There is also a GUI version called the installation manager, this is mainly used on Windows installation.
If there were any errors or problems installing the software you can view the installation logs
Installation logs
Unix:
/wrk/M axDB_install--.log
Windows:
\wrk\M axDB_install--.log
Creating and Initializing
Before we can crete a new SAP MaxDB instance we need to know what requirements we need for the following
What size should the database be
How much load do you expect the database to have
Now these type of questions are hard to judge when creating databases, if you really have no ideal then have one eye on how you would increase
the the above if the thresholds were meet, for example you know that the data volumes are going to be spread across different disks then try to
match the size of the filesystems with the volume sizes,also allow for additional disks to be added, with load try to have options that you can increase
memory in your server at a later date.
The size of the database is important as depending on the number of data volumes MaxDB configures the number of I/O threads, this is specified by
the parameter_IOPROCS_PER_DEV. SAP recommends 2 for unix systems and 1 from windows systems. If you have two many threads per I/O
may cause a performance bottleneck on the operating system. To calculate the number of data volumes SAP recommends the formula below
Calculate data volumes
You basically use the square root of the total volume size, now for some examples
50GB = 7.07, so round up to 8 data volumes (50 / 8 = 6.25GB each)
75GB = 8.66, so round up to 9 data volumes (75 / 9 = 8.34GB each)
I generally round the size of each volume for eaxample the 6.25GB i would round upto 7GB.
There are a number of restrictions that you must, be made aware of, keep an eye on the latest versions as I suspect these limits will increase withtime
Maximum number of data volumes 4095
Maximum number of log volumes Unrestricted
Maximum size of data volume 512GB
Maximum size of log volume 32TB
Maximum size of entire instance 64TB
Now lets move on to creating the database, I will be using the Database Manager GUI, although being a Unix chap, I will still use a GUI that is
reliable and I have had no problems with this GUI, for the die hard CLI fans I have also given the commandline options.
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Create a Database Instance
Start the SAP Database Manager
The MaxDB Database Manger GUI when open should look something like below
Select the template type
To create the instance you can either select instance -> create or select the c reate instance button (as seen in above
picture), you will be asked to select one of the templates, have choose custom
Desktop/PC - idea for a laptop development database
Custom - use this to change default values, memory size, number of cpu's, etc
My Template - you can even create your own custom template
Database Instanc e Name
Here we can give the Database Instance a name of our choosing, notice that you c an connect to an external MaxDB
server and create Databases
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Installation Version
If you have multiple versions of MaxDB installed you can select any version you want
Advanced Options
There are a number of advanced options you can configure, I generally use them all
Setup the DBM user
Just put in the password of your choice
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Parameter setup
If you have a specific set of parameters that you wish to use then you have the option to use them here, i am just going
for the defaults
Instance Type
Again I am going with the default, OLTP database. LiveCache by the way is a objected-oriented model that also uses the
memory more
Parameter Adjustment
here I tweeked a number of parameters, memory, CPU's and MaxlogVolumes. You can change these settings at a later dat
but the instance will require a reboot
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Volume Setup
By default a data volume and a log volume will be created adjust these to what you planned above,
NOTE: One word of warning if you have selected to install the tutorial you must increase the size of the log volume
otherwise the installation hangs, increase it to at least 1,024MB
Creation Mode
we need to create a password for the dbadmin account
Advanced settings
Some more advanced settings to adjust, if this is a development database i always like the tutorial data to play around
with
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Final Step - Summary page
Finally we get to the summary page, check everything then select next to create the database instance
Creating Database Page
You will now see the creation of the database instance
Finish page
Finally you get the finish page confirming that the installation was successful.
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Database Manager
Once the installation has finished you should see the below in the database manager
Of course you could just script it up which would like something like below
Automated installation
#Database Creation
create_v5_db
# User creation
create_v5_users
Configuring the Database
Once you got the database up and running it time to enchance it, the first thing to do is to mirror the log volumes
Start the database manager GUI, and select instance -> configuration -> log settings, you get the log configuration setting
menu up
Select log mode, then next, the menu will ask which log file to mirror
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Mirror Log Volumes
Double click on the single log file and notice the bottom of the configuration screen, the mirror part should have been
filled in with default values, you can change these if so desired
When you named the mirror file you should see it back in the log settings screen
You will be asked to confirm the creation of the mirror log file
To confirm that the log is mirrored select instance -> configuration -> volumes -> select the log volumes button, you will
notice that the "mirrored location" and "mirrored type" are filled in
If automatic backup log mode has not already been configured now is the time to do this,
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Automatic backup log
First you need to create a log backup file select instance -> backup -> backup medium -> right click in the window and
select new medium, fill in the details as you see fit
Select instance -> backup -> backup wizard, Select the Activite/Deactivite automatic log backup
Select the critrea that you need, normally i active a log backup when the log is full
Select on to start the automatic backup log
Once the database has been running a while you will be required to either add a data volume or a log volume, here are the steps to do this
Select instance -> configuration -> volumes, select the next volume on the list and right click and select new volume
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Adding a Data Volume
Select OK to create the additional data volume
the commandline option is as follows
7.6:
dbmcli> param_addvolume 1 DATA DATA_0002 F 50000
dbmcli> param_getvolsall
7.7:
dbmcli> db_addvolume DATA DATA_0002 F 50000
dbmcli> param_getvolsall
Adding a Log Volume
Select instance -> configuration -> volumes, click on the log volume button to display the log volumes, select the nextvolume on the list and right click and select new volume
Note that because we have selected mirror log volumes (see above) the mirror will also be created
the commandline option is as follows
7.6:
dbmcli> param_addvolume 1 LOG LOG_0002 F 6400
dbmcli> param_getvolsall
7.7:
dbmcli> db_addvolume LOG LOG_0002 F 6400 PATITION 1
dbmcli> param_getvolsall
Deleting a Volume (Data or Log)deleting a volume is very simple, select -> instance -> configuration -> volumes, select the volume that you want to delete
right click and select delete.
Backups
As with any system you need to take regular backups, MaxDB has a number of types of backups
Complete and Incremental backup - standard type of backup that is used in most places
Data and log backups - you generally backup the log volumes more than the database volumes (data - once a week, log - everyday)
Parallel backup - used for very large databases, you can use multiple tape drives in parallel
MaxDB has a very nice backup history which you can access via the database manager GUI
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Backup History
select instance -> backup -> backup history
As you can see the backup history page has a lot of information, the action selection may contain the following
Save Warm - a backup (data or log) was implemented
Restore - a recovery of the database was performed
Histlost - an event necessitates a new complete data backup
I am only going to mention backup stategies in that you should have one, my personal one is to perform a full offline backup once a week and to
backup the log files everyday, but I have small database of about 60GB.
Before we can backup the database we need to create a backup medium (a backup device), these can be either
File - standard backup file
Tape - a tape device
Pipe - a third party external backup tool (backint, TSM or NSR)
create backup meduim
using the database manager gui select instance -> backup -> backup medium, right click in the main window an select new
medium
fill in the details giving a name to the backup and stating the filename, etc
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As you can see I have a number of backup mediums, including a log file meduim
Once you have a backup medium you can backup your database
Database Backup
using the database manager GUI select instance -> backup -> backup wizard
Select the backup medium
Comfirm that you are happy then click on start, the backup will start
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After a period the backup should be completed
you can also use a commandline version
dbmcli> medium_getall
dbmcli> util_connect contro l,control
dbmcli> backup_start Full_Backup RECOVERY DATA
second session monitor the backup
dbmcli> backup_state
Log backups are perform using the same procedure, however you must deactive the automatic backup feature before performing a manual logbackup.
Log backup
First deactive the automatic log backup feature select instance -> backup -> backup wizard
The select the log backup
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Then just follow the steps as in the data backup
you can also use a commandline version
dbmcli> medium_getall
dbmcli> util_connect contro l, control
dbmcli> backup_start "LogBackup" LOG
You can check your backups if you desire
check backups
to check your backups select instance -> check -> backup
here you can select to chec k your last backup, a previous backup or select a backup medium, i have select to chec k th
last backup
MaxDb will now go and check the backups, a tick will be displayed against
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Recovery
Recovery is performed in the admin state, therev are two types of recovery
Recovery
Recovery with Initialization
The difference between them is that with initialization data and log volumes are recreated, without initialization the volumes are left untouched
the instance must be in the admin state, select instance -> recovery
Here you have a number of choices, you can even spec ify a specific time. You then select the backup that you want to
restore
Once the data has been restored you then need to apply the log backups
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recovery with initailization
MaxDB will then display a summary screen indicating a successful restore or not
you can of course use the commandline
dbmcli> db_admin -f
dbmcli> util_connect
dbmcli> backup_history_list
## start the first recovery
dbmcli> recover_start "CompleteBackup" data
## start a initialization recovery
dbmcli> db_active recover "CompleteBackup" data
## import all the incremental backups, one after the other
dbmcli> recover_start "IncrementalBackup" pages
## Import the first log backup
dbmcli> recover_start "LogBackup" log 002
## Import any more log backups
dbmcli> recover_replace "LogBackup" "MaxDB_LOG" 003
dbmcli> db_online
Snapshots
From time to time you may wish to performa very large update, snapshots allows you rcover very quickly if the update was unsuccessful. You can
save one snapshot per instance, thus old snapshots are overwritten.
First the instance must be in the ADMIN state, then select instance -> backup -> create snapshot
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Creating a snapshot
select OK and the snapsjot will be created
you can also use the commandline to c reate a snapshot
dbmcli> db_admin
dbmcli> db_execute create snapahot
dbmcli> db_online
Deleting a snapahot
Again the database must be in an admin state, then select instance -> snapshot, select delete snapshot
you can also use the commandline to delete a snapshot
dbmcli> db_admin
dbmcli> db_execute drop snapshot
dbmcli> db_online
Reverting to a snapshot
Again the database must be in an admin state, then select instance -> snapshot, select revert to snapshot
This may take sometime depending on the number of chanes to the database since the snapshot was taken
you can also use the commandline to revert a snapshot
dbmcli> db_admin
dbmcli> db_execute restore snapshot
dbmcli> db_online
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viewing snapshot
To see when the last snapshot was taken see the main database screen, look in the bottom right hand corner you will se
a snapshot section
Consistency Checks
Internal data structures can become corrupted, a consistency check will allow to check the internal structure of the database. You can perform a
consistency check either in online mode or admin mode.
online mode - system checks which will correct saved schemas, relations and indexes
admin mode - all of the above and also renews the converter
Depending on the size of the database this may take a while to complete, so it is best to run it during quiet periods.
select instance -> chec k -> database struc ture
choose the one you want to run, you can speed things up alittle by not checking the indexes
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consistency check
after a while you should get a summary page
you can also use the commandline, here are some examples to check the consistency
## online checks
dbmcli> db_execute check data
dbmcli> db_execute chec k data except index
## offline checks
dbmcli> db_execute check data with update
## online check but specified tables
dbmcli> db_execute check table schema.table catalog
dbmcli> db_execute check table schema.table with long check
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