MAX - Drilling Equipment & Tooling -...

MAX GEL

MAX GEL* viscosifier is a premium 220‐bbl yield Wyoming bentonite blended with special extenders, producing a viscosifier that will yield more than twice as much viscosity as regular Wyoming bentonite. MAX GEL is a high‐yielding, easily mixed, superior mud‐making bentonite for freshwater.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance.........................................................................................Light tan/gray‐green powder

Specific gravity ...................................................................................................................................... 2.3 – 2.5

Approximate yield .......................................................................................................................... 220 bbl/ton

Applications MAX GEL is used in the following applications to rapidly build mud viscosity and provide superior hole cleaning, as well as to help control lost circulation, formation sloughing and promote hole stability in unconsolidated formations.

• Potable‐water wells

• Mineral exploration (coring and rotary drilling)

• Horizontal directional drilling

• Blast holes

• Shaft drilling

• Monitor/observation wells

• Gel‐foam air‐drilling applications

Advantages • Yields more quickly than API‐standard bentonite

• Non‐toxic and proven suitable for use in drilling potable water wells

• Increased penetration rates are exhibited due to lower solids content than regular bentonite systems

• Transportation and storage costs are reduced due to lower treatment requirements as compared to bentonite

Certified to NSF/ANSI 60

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Typical Amounts of MAX GEL Additions Added to Freshwater

Drilling Application/Desired Results lb/100 gal lb/bbl kg/m3

Normal drilling 15 ‐ 25 6 ‐ 11 15 ‐ 30

In gravel or other poorly consolidated formation 25 ‐ 40 12 ‐ 18 35 ‐ 50

Lost‐circulation control 35 ‐ 45 15 ‐ 20 40 ‐ 45 Added to freshwater mud to improve hole‐cleaning properties, increase hole stability and develop filter cakes

5 ‐ 10 2 ‐ 5 6 ‐ 14

Limitations • Loses effectiveness in water containing >7,500 mg/L sodium chloride / 240 mg/L calcium • If dispersants or thinners are to be used, they should be added sparingly, using 50% or

less of the normal treatment

Toxicity and Handling Bioassay information is available upon request. Handle as an industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions as described in the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

Packaging and Storage MAX GEL is packaged in 50‐lb (22.7‐kg), multi‐wall, paper sacks and is available in bulk. Store in a dry location (slip hazard when wet) and minimize dust (use dustless systems for handling, storage and cleanup). Material can be palletized at either 56 or 70/pallet. Store in a well‐ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.

This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and M‐I SWACO makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data. All product

warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. Nothing in this document is legal advice or is a substitute for competent legal advice.

©2006 M‐I L.L.C. All rights reserved. *Mark of M‐I L.L.C. HPB.1302.0603.R1 (E)

410 Seventeenth Street, Suite 1000Denver, CO 80202Tel: 303∙572∙3011Fax: 303∙825∙5805

Toll Free (USA only): 800∙964∙7866www.drilling‐fluids.com

E‐mail: [email protected]

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Typical Amounts of MAX BORE HDD Additions Added to Freshwater

Drilling Application/Desired Results lb/100 gal lb/bbl kg/m3

Normal drilling 20‐25 8.5‐10 25‐29

Clay environments 10‐15 4‐6 12‐18

Gravel/rock/cobble 25‐30 10‐13 29‐37

MAX BORE

MAX BORE* HDD is a proprietary, blended, high‐yielding Wyoming bentonite supplied as a single‐sack product used especially in boring‐fluid applications. MAX BORE HDD provides suspension, wellbore stability, filtration control and helps reduce torque and drag for water‐base applications. The product is non‐toxic and environmentally safe.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance ........................................................................................ Light tan/gray‐green powderSpecific gravity.......................................................................................................................................2.3 – 2.6Bulk density........................................................................................................48‐52 lb/ft3 (769 – 833 kg/m3)

Applications MAX BORE HDD is used to increase viscosity, improve wellbore stability, control filtration and help reduce torque and drag for boring‐fluid applications. It is a cost‐effective product for achieving viscosity for hole cleaning, gel strength, for cuttings suspension and transport, wellbore stability, fluid‐loss control and filter cake quality in freshwater and seawater applications. Typical concentrations for MAX BORE HDD range from 15 to 45 lb/100 gal (18 to 54 kg/m3).

Advantages • One‐sack product for ease of mixing and reducing the number of products required to

prepare boring fluid • Hydrates more than other types of clays and is best for generating viscosity for hole

cleaning, developing gels for suspension and controlling filtration • The MAX BORE HDD has a unique size, shape and high surface area provide superior

filtration characteristics • Provides lubricity and wellbore stability for ease of drilling and stability of water‐sensitive

clays and shales • Non‐toxic and environmentally safe

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Limitations Performance is reduced in salty (10,000 mg/L CI) or hard (>240 mg/L Ca++) waters due to decreased hydration.


Packaging and Storage MAX BORE HDD is packaged in 50‐lb multi‐walled sacks (22.7‐kg); 56 per pallet Store in a well‐ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.







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DRILPLEX HDDViscosifier - Modificatore Reologico

A specialty product used to enhance MAX GEL*. DRILPLEX* HDD viscosifier IS an inorganic chemical viscosifier for water‐base bentonite drilling fluids. DRILPLEX HDD viscosifier IS only slightly soluble in water.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance............................................................................................................Off‐white powderOdor ............................................................................................................................................................NoneSpecific gravity ......................................................................................................................................2.8 – 3.1

Applications DRILPLEX HDD viscosifier allows the formulation of fluids with exceptional shear‐thinning properties – a drilling fluid with both excellent dynamic and static carrying capacity for solids. This is indicated by high‐yield point and low plastic‐viscosity readings. When not circulating, the mud instantly reverts to a gelled state and results in high suspending capacity indicated by high, non‐progressive gel strength readings. For 300 gal (1,136 L) of drilling fluid mix:

• Add 1½ sacks [75 lb (34 kg)] MAX GEL in freshwater and hydrate for 10 min. If higher rheological properties are desired, mix more gel. For every 7 lb (3.2 kg) of additional gel added, the yield point will rise approximately 20 points.

• After the gel is hydrated, add 6 lb (2.7 kg) of DRILPLEX HDD (3 Vis cups). Mix for an additional 5 to 10 min.

• For torque reduction, add 1.5 gal (5.7 L) of Rod Ease.

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Advantages • High rate of penetration • Optimum cuttings transport • Excellent solids suspension • Borehole stabilization • Low drilling costs

Limitations DRILPLEX HDD fluids are not compatible with anionic products. Do not add any polymers or thinners to this fluid. These materials will destroy the rheological properties of the fluid. It is important that the mixing tank is cleaned before mixing DRILPLEX HDD.


Packaging and Storage 25‐lb (11.3‐kg) sack, multi‐wall, paper sacks. 80/pallet Store in a dry location away from sources of heat or ignition, and minimize dust.

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How does DRILPLEX HDD work? To understand how DRILPLEX HDD ‐based fluids can help you drill cleaner more trouble‐free holes it is helpful to understand the chemistry behind the fluid. DRILPLEX HDD is not a polymer so, unlike many polymers, the incorporation of DRILPLEX HDD into drilling fluid systems results in low‐solids, shear‐thinning fluids that do not degrade at high shear rates. DRILPLEX HDD drilling fluids develop a gel structure capable of remarkable solids suspension, yet exhibit low‐viscosity flow characteristics.

Mixed compounds are insoluble, crystalline, inorganic compounds containing two or more metals in a unique hydroxide lattice. Each DRILPLEX HDD crystal has a positive charge due to its crystalline structure. DRILPLEX HDD crystals are sheet‐like platelets that, when dispersed, are considerably smaller than an average particle of bentonite or attapulgite. The combination of small particle size and positive charge causes DRILPLEX HDD crystals to interact with clay particles via an ion exchange mechanism, resulting in a unique gel structure. When a positively charged DRILPLEX HDD particle reacts with a negatively charged clay particle, a new compound is formed which is capable of remarkable solids suspension.

The DRILPLEX HDD/clay complex exhibits unique behavior. At rest, it behaves like an elastic solid. When force is applied, however, the structure is fractured and flow occurs along the fracture line. When the force is removed, the fracture heals instantly, restoring the structure to its elastic‐solid state. Results of experiments confirm that DRILPLEX HDD fluids behave initially like elastic solids, but as greater strain is applied to the system, these fluids are transformed to viscous liquids.

The most important result of this inter‐particle association is the unique ability of DRILPLEX HDD fluids to exhibit low viscosity at the drill bit, yet gel quickly as flow decreases, thereby carrying and suspending cuttings. This suspension occurs during bit/reamer trips, preventing hole‐fill and stuck‐pipe problems. If the drilling/reaming operation is halted for any reason, it can be restarted at the bottom of the hole, with no significant fill even after several days.

Traditionally, high fluid viscosity or turbulent flow has been required to achieve good hole cleaning performance. Because of their unique rheology, DRILPLEX HDD systems carry and suspend solids better than high‐viscosity systems. And this is accomplished at very low, flat rates. Outstanding hole cleaning coupled with low‐solids, shear thinning allow DRILPLEX HDD systems to provide a high rate of penetration.

The rheology modifier is low in toxicity and meets EPA requirements. In environmentally sensitive areas, such as offshore waters, this can mean decreased expenditures for cleanup and reduced handling precautions. Mysid shrimp test performed on generic fluids 1 and 7 containing the rheology modifier showed no increase in toxicity when run by ENSR Laboratories using EPA protocol. All submitted rheology modifier‐based fluids passed the required tests for drilling in Gulf of Mexico Federal Waters.

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FLO‐PLEX

FLO‐PLEX* fluid‐loss‐control agent is a polysaccharide derivative used to contDRILPLEX* system at recommended concentrations. FLO‐PLEX additive will nrheology of the DRILPLEX system as observed with conventional anionic fluid‐such as CMC and PAC. FLO‐PLEX additive is effective in seawater fluids, bube treated out before the FLO‐PLEX product is added. FLO‐PLEX additive maytype of fluid where starches and cellulosic additives are permitted. The temperPLEX agent is about 250°F (120°C), but may be extended to 300°F (149°C) bythermal stability agent such as PTS‐200* additive. FLO‐PLEX additive is resisdegradation.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance....................................................................................................pH (4% water)..............................................................................................................Solubility in water .......................................................................................................

Bulk density .....................................................................................................35 – 40

Applications Traditional fluid‐loss additives tend to destroy the high‐end rheology that masystem unique. Conventional anionic fluid‐loss agents will thin the DRILPLEX system. Theradditive was developed to provide fluid‐loss control without lowering the yiebreaking the crosslinks. FLO‐PLEX fluid‐loss‐control additive is very effectivsystem. FLO‐PLEX fluid‐loss‐control agent is a polysaccharide derivative. When preparing new fluid, FLO‐PLEX additive should be added at concentr3.5 lb/bbl if fluid loss control is required. Lower concentrations can cause lossment levels can be increased to 4.5 – 5.0 lb/bbl (12.8 – 14.3 kg/m3) as required tfiltration rates. Hardness in the seawater should be treated out. FLO‐PLEX additive can be base systems. FLO‐PLEX additive will not be degraded by the action of bacteri Figure 1 shows the API fluid loss of FLO‐PLEX additive in an 11.5 lb/gal (1.3hot rolling at 150°F (66°C) for 16 hours.

rol filtration in the ot destroy the low‐end loss‐control agents t all hardness should be used in any other ature stability of FLO‐ the addition of a tant to bacterial

.............. White powder

........................9.5 – 10.5

...........................Soluble

lb/ft3 (560 – 640 kg/m3)

kes the DRILPLEX

efore, a separate ld‐point value and e in the DRILPLEX

ations no less than of rheology. Treat‐o maintain low

used in other water‐a. 8 sg) system after

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Advantages • •

•

Specially designed asPerforms in other wat

• Resistant to attack froTemperature limits m

Limitations • Water hardness must• Ineffective in high lev

Toxicity and HandlinBioassay information is av

Handle as an industriaas described in the Materi

Packaging and StoraFLO‐PLEX additive is pack Store in a dry location a

This document is supplied solely for infor warranties, either expressed or imAll product warranties and guara

©2004 M‐I L.L.C. All rights reserved. * Mark of M‐I L.L.C. MS‐10605 6/04

fluid‐loss‐control agent for the DRILPLEX system er‐base systems m bacteria ay be increased to 300°F (149°C) by using thermal extension additives

be removed els of magnesium

g ailable upon request. l chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions al Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

ge aged in 50‐lb (22.7‐kg) multi‐wall, paper sacks. way from sources of heat or ignition, and minimize dust.

ormational purposes and M‐I SWACO makes no guaranteesplied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data.

ntees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale.

P.O. Box 42842Houston, Texas 77242‐2842

Tel: 281∙561∙1300Fax: 281∙561∙1441

www.miswaco.comE‐mail: [email protected]

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Figure 1 - API fluid loss of DRILPLEX system with FLO-PLEX fluid-loss-control agent added.

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POLYSWELL

POLYSWELL* is a copolymer utilized in lost circulation that will expand to 200 times its volume in freshwater. This material is environmentally safe.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance.................................................................................................................. White powderSpecific gravity ......................................................................................................................................0.8 – 1.0Solubility............................................................................................................ Swells on contact with water

Applications POLYSWELL is used to fill or seal fractures. As the material fully hydrates the fracture/void is sealed. POLYSWELL can also be spotted in caving zones to reduce caving problems. Directly after placing thepill of POLYSWELL, pull up above the problem zone to prevent any sticking. Full hydration occurs in 20 to 30 min. Circulate with mud and LCM to fill the bridge.

Advantages • POLYSWELL can be prehydrated before adding • Due to its swelling capacity and variability in size POLYSWELL will accumulate in a variety

of fracture sizes

Method of Addition Mix POLYSWELL in water or drilling mud; with or without LCM. Add 1 to 3 lb (0.5 to 1.5 kg) per 4 gal (20 L) of water or mud in a pail. Lesser and greater amounts have been used. As soon as the dry polymer beads are mixed, pump the mixture as soon as possible. When used in core drilling be sure core tube has been pulled before pumping downhole. Repeat as necessary to stop fluid loss.

Limitations Use caution when pumping POLYSWELL. Improper placement may result in stuck drill rods.

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Packaging and Storage POLYSWELL is packaged in 5 gal (18.9 L) buckets Store in a dry location away from sources of heat or ignition.

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POLYPAC R

POLYPAC* R polyanionic cellulose is a high‐quality, water‐soluble polymer designed to control fluid loss and increase viscosity in water‐base muds.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance...........................................................................................White, free‐flowing powderSpecific gravity ......................................................................................................................................1.5 – 1.6pH (1% Solution) ...................................................................................................................................6.5 – 8.0

Applications POLYPAC R controls fluid loss in freshwater, seawater, KCl and salt muds. It forms a thin, resilient, low‐permeability filter cake which minimizes the potential for differential sticking and the invasion of filtrate and mud solids into permeable formations. POLYPAC R fluid‐loss‐control additive resists bacterial attack, eliminating the need for biocides or preservatives. It is effective in low concentrations, with the normal fluid‐loss treatment ranging from 0.25 to 1 lb/bbl (0.71 to 2.85 kg/m³). POLYPAC R also develops viscosity to a degree that is dependent on the solids concentration, salinity and makeup water chemistry. A concentration of 0.67 lb/bbl (1.9 kg/m3) will produce a 15‐cP mud in freshwater, without supplemental solids. One lb/bbl (2.85 kg/m3) of POLYPAC R will produce a 15‐cP viscosity in saturated sodium chloride brine. POLYPAC R is an anionic polymer which will attach to, and encapsulate, exposed shales and drill cuttings. This protective polymer “envelope” inhibits the dispersion of shale cuttings and restricts fluid interactions with exposed shales.

Advantages • Effective in low concentrations for controlling fluid loss and building viscosity • Encapsulates shale particles to inhibit swelling and dispersion • Resists bacterial attack, requiring no biocides or preservatives • Functions over a wide range of salinity, hardness and pH levels • Applicable in all water‐base muds, ranging from low‐solids, non‐dispersed polymer systems to

high‐density, dispersed systems • Compatible with all common mud‐treating additives • Excellent environmental acceptability

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Limitations

• Circulating temperature stability of approximately 300° F (149° C) • Effective in systems with total hardness <1,000 mg/L (as calcium), but can be precipitated in

the combined presence of high hardness and high ph


Packaging and Storage POLYPAC R is packaged in 50‐lb (22.7‐kg) and 55‐lb (25‐kg), heavy‐duty, multi‐wall, waterproof sacks. Store in a dry, well‐ventilated area away from incompatibles or sources of heat or ignition.







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POLYPAC UL

POLYPAC* UL Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC) is a high‐quality, water‐soluble polymer designed to control fluid loss, and because it is an “Ultra‐Low” (UL) additive, it causes a minimal increase in viscosity in water‐base muds.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance ........................................................................................... White free‐flowing powderSpecific gravity...................................................................................................................................... 1.5 – 1.6pH (1% solubility)................................................................................................................................. 6.5 – 8.0

Applications POLYPAC UL controls fluid loss in freshwater, seawater, KCl and salt muds. It forms a thin, resilient, low‐permeability filter cake which minimizes the potential for differential sticking and the invasion of filtrate and mud solids into permeable formations. POLYPAC UL resists bacterial attack, eliminating the need for biocides or preservatives. It is effective in low concentrations, with the normal fluid‐loss treatment ranging from 0.25 to 1 lb/bbl (0.71 to 2.85 kg/m³). In saltwater and PAC‐polymer systems, higher concentrations are required for encapsulation, with normal concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 lb/bbl (2.85 to 8.6 kg/m3). POLYPAC UL is a UL additive which generates less viscosity than regular POLYPAC. The viscosity generated will depend on the solids concentration, salinity and makeup‐water chemistry. POLYPAC UL is an anionic polymer which will attach to, and encapsulate, exposed shales and drill cuttings. This protective polymer “envelope” inhibits the dispersion of shale cuttings and restricts fluid interactions with exposed shales. In saturated salt systems, POLYPAC UL tends to work significantly better than regular‐viscosity PAC materials. For difficult filtration‐control fluids, a combination of UL and regular‐viscosity PAC products is generally more effective.

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Advantages • Effective in low concentrations for controlling fluid loss and building viscosity • Produces minimal viscosity increase • Encapsulates shale particles to inhibit swelling and dispersion • Resists bacterial attack, requiring no biocides or preservatives • Functions over a wide range of salinity, hardness and pH levels • Effective over a wide range of pH levels • Has application in all water‐base muds, ranging from low‐solids, non‐dispersed systems;

compatible with all common mud‐treating additives • Excellent environmental acceptability

Limitations • Circulating temperature stability to approximately 300° F (149° C) • Effective in systems with total hardness <1,000 mg/L (as calcium), but can be precipitated in

the combined presence of high hardness and high pH


Packaging and Storage POLYPAC UL is packaged in 50‐lb (22.7‐kg) and 55‐lb (25‐kg), heavy‐duty, multi‐wall, waterproof sacks. Store in a cool, dry place.

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PLATINUM PAC

PLATINUM PAC* polyanionic cellulose is a readily dispersible, water‐soluble polymer designed to control fluid loss in water‐base muds.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance.............................................................................................White or off‐white powderIonic character........................................................................................................................................AnionicBulk density ................................................................................................................................0.64–9.0 g/cm3

pH (1% Solution) .....................................................................................................................................6.5–9.0

Applications PLATINUM PAC polyanionic cellulose is effective in low concentrations, with the normal fluid‐loss treatment ranging from 0.25 to 1 lb/bbl (0.71 to 2.85 kg/m³). This product is applicable in all water‐base muds, ranging from low‐solids, non‐dispersed polymer systems to high‐density, dispersed systems. It is used as a filtrate reducer and borehole stabilizer in water‐base drilling applications.

Advantages • Controls fluid loss and produces a thin, slick, tough filter cake • Inhibits the hydration of drill solids and encapsulates the drill solids for easier removal • Exhibits superior mixing in low‐shear environments • Is more readily dispersible than conventional dry PAC polymers • Effective in low concentrations for controlling fluid loss • Encapsulates shale particles to inhibit swelling and dispersion • Resists bacterial attack, requiring no biocides or preservatives • Functions over a wide range of salinity, hardness, and pH levels • Compatible with all common mud‐treating additives

Limitations • Circulating temperature stability to approximately 300°F (149°C) • Effective in systems with total hardness <1,000 mg/L (as calcium), but can be precipitated in the

combined presence of high hardness and high pH

Certified to NSF/ANSI 60

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Toxicity and Handling Bioassay information is available upon request. Handle as an industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions described in the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

Packaging and Storage PLATINUM PAC polyanionic cellulose is packaged in 2‐lb (0.91‐kg) bottles, 25/case, 25‐lb (11.3‐kg) net product in 5‐gal (18.9‐L) buckets, and 50‐lb (22.7‐kg) bags. PLATINUM PAC additive should be stored inside under cool, dry conditions.




HDD Mining & Waterwell Group5950 North Course Drive, Suite 431

Houston, TX 77072Tel: 832∙295∙2564Fax: 832∙351∙4131

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Product Bulletin

POLY-PLUST RD POLY-PLUS RD polymer is a readily dispersible product designed to pro-vide cuttings encapsulation and shale stabilization. It is formulated foreasy mixing with improved dispersion to eliminate “fish-eyes.” This isbeneficial when rapidly mixing either large quantities or high concen-trations of polymer or where good mixing equipment is unavailable.POLY-PLUS RD also acts as a viscosifier, friction reducer, flocculant, and provides some fluid-loss control.

POLY-PLUS RD is a specially treated, high-molecular-weight acryliccopolymer (PHPA). It can be used in mud systems ranging fromlow-solids to weighted muds, utilizing makeup waters from fresh to saltwater.

Physical appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . White, granular powderSpecific gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 – 1.40pH (1% solution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7Bulk density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 – 46 lb/ft3 (641 – 737 kg/m3)Nature of charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnionicActivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >90%

TYPICAL PHYSICALPROPERTIES

APPLICATIONSPOLY-PLUS RD polymer mud sys-tems. POLY-PLUS RD provides cut-tings encapsulation and improvedwellbore stability. Typical concen-trations of POLY-PLUS RD are 0.25 to1 lb/bbl (0.71 to 2.85 kg/m3). It iseffective in salt muds such as KCl or NaCl-enhanced fluids, althoughslightly higher concentrations ofPOLY-PLUS RD may be required.

Clear-water fluids. POLY-PLUS RDmay be used in clear-water, solids-free, drilling fluids. POLY-PLUS RDenhances solids removal by floccu-lating the undesired solids andincreasing viscosity. The polymeralso provides cuttings encapsulationand improved wellbore stability. Thissystem is frequently used in slimholecontinuous-coring applications.

Low-Solids, Non-Dispersed (LSND)muds. POLY-PLUS RD is well suited

to LSND-type muds. In reduced-bentonite muds, POLY-PLUS RDextends bentonite to increase vis-cosity, flocculates drill solids formore efficient removal, encap-sulates cuttings and improveswellbore stability.

Weighted muds. POLY-PLUS RDcan be used in weighted muds forcuttings encapsulation, improvedwellbore stability, secondary viscos-ity and to improve the filter-cakeintegrity. The effectiveness of the polymer is reduced as theconcentration of organic anionicdispersants is increased.

POLY-PLUS RD sweeps. ViscousPOLY-PLUS RD sweeps are effective forperiodic hole cleaning. Circulating a viscous sweep through the wellclears accumulated cuttings andmaintains a clean hole.

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Typical Properties of POLY-PLUS RD in Freshwater

Concentration PV YP Marsh Funnel(lb/bbl [kg/m3]) (cP) (lb/100 ft2) (sec/qt)

0.125 (0.4) 2 1 280.25 (0.7)0 3 2 310.50 (1.4)0 4 4 340.75 (2.1)0 6 8 461.00 (2.9)0 9 11 601.50 (4.3)0 15 17 110

POLY-PLUS RD reacts with multivalentcations such as calcium. In concentra-tions greater than 300 mg/l, calciumcauses the polymer to precipitate. Usesoda ash to remove calcium concen-trations above 300 mg/l.

Treat cement contamination to keep the calcium and pH as low as possible. Use sodium bicar-bonate along with a pH-reducingproduct such as lignite or citric acidto treat cement contamination.

SULF-XT is recommended if hydro-gen sulfide gas is encountered. SULF-Xis preferred over liquid productscontaining zinc. Due to lower sol-ublity, SULF-X does not react withPOLY-PLUS RD as readily as liquidproducts that contain zinc.

POLY-PLUS RD may be mixed directlyinto the active mud system or pre-mixed at higher concentrations in aseparate pit or chemical barrel, thenblended into the active system.

Sweeps may be prepared by mixingPOLY-PLUS RD directly in the active

system at the suction pit or by pre-mixing a high concentration in aseparate pit and allowing the polymerto fully yield before being pumped.

CONTAMINATION

METHOD OF ADDITION

APPLICATIONS(CONTINUED)

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LIMITATIONS

©1996 M-I Drilling Fluids L.L.C. All rights reserved. ®POLY-PLUS, SULF-X, THERMPAC, POLYPAC, TACKLE, SP-101, DUO-VIS and

M-I GEL are registered trademarks of M-I Drilling Fluids L.L.C.™LUBE-167 is a trademark of M-I Drilling Fluids L.L.C.MI-11611 2.5M 3/97 Litho in U.S.A.

P.O. Box 721110Houston, Texas 77272-1110Tel: 281·561·1300Fax: 281·561·7240http://www.midf.comE-mail: [email protected]

(The following limitations apply toall acrylamide/acrylate copolymers.)• During the initial treatment of

POLY-PLUS RD in a non-dispersedmud system, severe flocculationmay occur causing high viscosityuntil all of the solids are coated.POLY-PLUS RD polymer mud sys-tems utilize low concentrations(<15 lb/bbl [<43 kg/m3]) of M-I GELT

to reduce this interaction. Contin-ued additions of POLY-PLUS RDresult in a stable system with the desired rheology.

• Calcium-sensitive and begins toprecipitate when the calciumconcentration exceeds 300 mg/l.

• pH-sensitive with an optimum pHrange of 8.5 to 10.5. At pH levelsabove this range, hydrolysis mayconvert acrylamide into acrylateand release ammonia (NH3).

• Temperature-stable to approximately350°F (177°C) although the copoly-mer may begin to hydrolyze intopolyacrylate when exposed to pro-longed temperatures above 275°F(135°C) and release ammonia (NH3).

• Subject to shear degradation of its viscosity and may eventuallylose its ability to viscosify, butcuttings encapsulation and shalestabilization are not affected.

TOXICITY AND HANDLING

Bioassay information is availableupon request.

Handle as an industrial chemical,wearing protective equipment

and observing the precautions asdescribed on the Transportation andMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

PACKAGING AND STORAGE

POLY-PLUS RD is packaged in 50-lb(22.7-kg), multi-wall, paper sacks.

Store in a dry location away fromsources of heat or ignition, andminimize dust.

This material is supplied solely for informational purposes and M-I Drilling Fluids L.L.C.makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accu-racy or use of this data. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by theStandard Terms of Sale.

• Readily dispersible and does notform “fish-eyes.”

• Excellent cuttings encapsulatorthat limits cuttings dispersion.

• Provides improved shale stabilization.• Powdered material with signifi-

cantly lower toxicity than invertemulsion liquid polymers.

• Highly concentrated product (>90%activity) reduces transportation costsand storage space requirements.

• Aids in preventing balling on the bit, stabilizers and bottom-hole assembly by coating andlubricating solids.

• Enhances the removal of drill solids. • Improves the lubricity of most

mud systems, particularly non-dispersed muds, when used incombination with LUBE-167E.

• Can be used to viscosify clear-waterand low-solids drilling fluids.

• Compatible with other polymerssuch as THERMPACT UL, POLYPACT,TACKLET, SP-101T, CMC, starch and DUO-VIST.

ADVANTAGES


POLY‐PLUS LV

POLY‐PLUS* LV is a low‐molecular‐weight PHPA additive that has been specificaexcellent dispersibility. This allows the polymer particles to wet separately so thaproceed rapidly without the formation of “fisheyes.” POLY‐PLUS LV additive pronormally associated with PHPA additives except viscosification. It can be used ranging from low‐solids to weighted muds, using makeup waters from fres

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance.................................................................................................WSpecific gravity ............................................................................................................pH (1% solution)..........................................................................................................Nature of charge..........................................................................................................Activity .........................................................................................................................

Applications POLY‐PLUS LV additive is designed primarily for shale encapsulation. The low ma high concentration in the drilling fluid, maximizing wellbore and cuttings proteeffect on viscosity, particularly during initial mixing of a fluid system. POLY‐PLUSbenefits where pre‐mixes are used, and much higher concentrations can be achiev

Typical concentrations of POLY‐PLUS LV agent are 0.5 to 2 lb/bbl (1.4 to 5.7 kgsalt muds such as KCl or NaCl‐enhanced fluids, although slightly higher conPLUS LV product can be required.

Contamination POLY‐PLUS LV additive reacts with multivalent cations such as calcium. In concentr300 mg/L, calcium causes the polymer to precipitate. Use soda ash to remove caabove 300 mg/L.

Treat cement contamination to keep the calcium and pH as low as possibbonate along with a pH‐reducing product such as lignite or citric acid to trecontamination.

lly processed to achieve t dissolution can vides all the benefits in mud systems h to saltwater.

hite, granular powder..........................0.7 – 0.8.................................~6.0..........................Anionic.............................. >90%

olecular weight allows ction with a minimum LV additive also offers ed. /m3). It is effective in centrations of POLY‐

ations greater than lcium concentrations

le. Use sodium bicar‐at cement

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dvantages Readily dispersible and does not form ʺfish‐eyesʺ Excellent cuttings encapsulator that limits cuttings dispersion Enhances the removal of drill solids Improves the lubricity of most mud systems, particularly non‐dispersed muds Compatible with other polymers such as: UNITROL*, POLYPAC UL* , TACKLE*, SP‐1O1* , CMC, POLY‐SAL*and DUO‐VIS*

imitations The following limitations apply to all acrylamide/acrylate copolymers.) During the initial treatment of POLY‐PLUS LV additive in a non‐dispersed mud system, severe flocculation can occur causing high viscosity until all of the solids are coated. POLY‐PLUS LV polymer mud systems use low concentrations (<15 lb/bbl [<43 kg/m3]) of M‐I GEL* viscosifier to reduce this interaction. Continued addition of POLY‐PLUS LV additive results in a stable system with the desired rheology.

Calcium‐sensitive, begins to precipitate when the calcium concentration exceeds 300 mg/L. pH‐sensitive with an optimum pH range of 8.5 to 10.5. At pH levels above this range, hydrolysis can convert acrylamide into acrylate and release ammonia (NH3).

Temperature‐stable to approximately 350°F (177°C) although the copolymer can begin to hydrolyze into polyacrylate when exposed to prolonged temperatures above 275°F (135°C) and release ammonia (NH3).

Subject to shear degradation of its viscosity and can eventually lose its ability to viscosify, but cuttings encapsulation and shale stabilization are not affected.

oxicity and Handling ioassay information is available upon request. Handle as an industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions

escribed in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

ackaging and Storage OLY‐PLUS LV additive is packaged in 25‐kg (55‐lb), multi‐wall, paper sacks. Store in a dry, well‐ventilated area. Keep container closed. Store away from incompatibles.

ollow safe warehousing practices regarding palletizing, banding, shrink‐wrapping and/or tacking.

P.O. Box 42842Houston, Texas 77242‐2842

Tel: 281∙561∙1300Fax: 281∙561∙1441

www.miswaco.comE‐mail: [email protected]

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Product Bulletin

KLA-GARDT KLA-GARD shale stabilizer reduces the swelling of sensitive shales anddrill cuttings exposed to water-base drilling fluids. It inhibits shalehydration, reducing the effect of drill solids on viscosity, and it worksto minimize problems such as excessive dilution rates, increased torqueand drag, high surge and swab pressures, and bottom-hole assemblyballing. This high-quality, concentrated product has applications in awide variety of mud systems and has such low toxicity characteristicsit can be used offshore.

Physical appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . Clear, blue liquidSpecific gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1pH (1% solution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 – 8.5Solubility in water @ 68°F (20°C) . . . 100%Flash point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >210°F (99°C) (PMCC)

TYPICAL PHYSICALPROPERTIES

APPLICATIONSKLA-GARD should be specified forapplications where additional inhi-bition is needed as an alternative togyp, lime and potassium systems. It can improve the inhibition ofwater-base fluids to a level thatcompetes with oil-base muds formany applications.

Due to the powerful effect KLA-GARD has on active solids, it should only be added to: mudsystems containing low concentra-tions of active solids, bentonite-freesystems or freshly prepared low-solidssystems containing a minimumamount of prehydrated bentonite.These systems should have a meth-ylene blue capacity of less than12.5 lb/bbl (35.6 kg/m3) with 2 to 5 lb/bbl (5.7 to 14.3 kg/m3) of pre-hydrated bentonite for filtrationcontrol.

KLA-GARD is compatible with mostdrilling fluid additives, and is espe-cially suited for use in freshly pre-pared, low-solids polymer systemssuch as the POLY-PLUST system. It is most effective when the use of

organic thinners, such as SPERSENEE

lignosulfonate, is minimized.Normal concentrations of KLA-GARD

range from 4 to 8 lb/bbl (11.4 to22.8 kg/m3) depending on hole size,rate of penetration, interval lengthand reactivity of the shale. A mini-mum concentration of 4 lb/bbl(11.4 kg/m3) is required for theproduct to be effective. One lb/bblof KLA-GARD contributes 508 mg/Lchlorides; KLA-GARD B, a chloride-free formulation, is available. Toprevent bacterial attack, a biocideshould be used.

KLA-GARD works by being adsorbedonto active solids, thereby reducingtheir sensitivity to water. This actionwill cause the product to be depletedfrom the mud system at a rate depen-dent on the reactivity of the forma-tion, cuttings size and amount ofhole volume drilled. A test proce-dure is available to monitor theapproximate concentration ofexcess KLA-GARD. See the table on back for an estimate of the depletion rate.

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LIMITATIONS

©1999 M-I L.L.C. All rights reserved. ®KLA-GARD and POLY-PLUS are registered trademarks of M-I L.L.C.

™SPERSENE is a trademark of M-I L.L.C.

MI-11120 1M 4/99 Litho in U.S.A.

P.O. Box 721110Houston, Texas 77272-1110Tel: 281·561·1300Fax: 281·561·7240http://www.midf.comE-mail: [email protected]

• Should not be added to systemscontaining high concentrations ofactive solids; flocculates muds withhigh Methylene Blue Test (MBT)values, causing excessive viscosity.

• Limits the hydration of all claymaterials, therefore bentoniteadditions must be prehydrated in freshwater.

• Due to the interaction of KLA-GARD

with active solids and bentonite,increased attention must be givento filtration control.

• Product is biodegradable andrequires a biocide.

TOXICITY AND HANDLING

Bioassay information is availableupon request.

Handle as an industrial chemical,wearing protective equipment and

observing the precautions asdescribed on the Material SafetyData Sheet (MSDS).

PACKAGING AND STORAGE

KLA-GARD is packaged in 55-gal (208.2-L) drums and 5-gal (18.9-L) cans.

This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and M-I L.L.C. makes no guar-antees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use ofthis data. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale.

• Highly effective shale stabilizer.• Effective at all pH levels.• Environmentally acceptable.• Stable at temperatures in excess of

400°F (204°C).• Reduces potential for bit balling.

• Reduces the amount of dilutionrequired and the associated treatment costs.

• Unaffected by contaminants suchas hard water, cement or CO2.

ADVANTAGES

ESTIMATED DEPLETION RATE

Hole Size (in.)

61⁄8 81⁄2 97⁄8 121⁄4 143⁄4 171⁄2

KLA-GARD

(lb/100 ft) 107 205 277 426 617 869

KLA-GARD

(kg/30 m) 48 92 124 190 276 388

Estimated depletion rate is based on a highly reactive shale. This table isbased on 5.2 lb KLA-GARD per cubic foot of gumbo shale drilled. Actual depletion rates may be lower, depending on the reactivity of the shale and the cuttings size.

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ROD EASE

Superior lubricant for HDD, coring and rotary drilling

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance ..........................................................................................................Dark brown liquidSpecific gravity ........................................................................................................................................... 0.887pH............................................................................................................................................................ 7.0 – 7.5Boiling point ............................................................................................................................ 572° F (>300° C)Freezing point..............................................................................................................................‐77° F (‐25° C)Flash point.................................................................................................................................. 554° F (290° C)

Applications ROD EASE * mixes instantly and is not affected by water quality. To develop rod protection and reduce torque after drilling has started, consideration must be given to the number of rods and the amount of fluid in the hole. This may require dosing the system with a couple of pails. After initial dosage and treatment, only established maintenance levels are required. Normal treatment levels are 0.5% to 1% of fluid volume or ½ to 1 gal (3.8 L) per 100 gal (378.5 L) of drilling fluid. Should penetration rate decrease, torque increase or run length decrease indicating poor cutting, dosage amount should be increased.

Advantages • Reduces torque

• Prevents rust and scale

• Environmentally safe

• Increases penetration rates

• Extends bit and mud motor life

• Increases mud motor efficiency

• Reduces wear on rods and equipment

• Maximizes rig potential and steering control

• Enhances the effectiveness of powdered drilling‐fluid additives

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ROD EASE is based on an environmentally safe technology that has proven to be effective in lubricating downhole consumables. This product has produced both bit‐life and penetration increases of more than 25% during drilling operations. Because ROD EASE will reduce torque and drag, the operator can use the drill rig to its full potential, meaning thrusts and pulls are at a minimum and steering control is precise. Tests performed in our Houston lab confirm the effects of ROD EASE.

Limitations None


Packaging and Storage ROD EASE is packaged in 5‐gal (18.9‐L) buckets and 55‐gal (208.2‐L) drums Store in a well‐ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.







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RINGFREE

RINGFREE* is a highly efficient, thermally‐stable thinner and surface active agent that removes bentonite clays from the drillstring. It is environmentally acceptable and contains no heavy metals. Due to its rapid dissolution, RINGFREE immediately affects the rheology of most drilling fluids.

Typical Physical Properties Physical appearance ........................................................................................................... Pale yellow liquidSpecific gravity............................................................................................................................................... 1.3pH as supplied ...................................................................................................................................... 7.0 – 7.5

Applications RINGFREE is primarily used to prevent bit balling and mud rings. RINGFREE also helps to free stuck pipe because it will dissolve sticky clays. It can also be used to thin most drilling fluids.

Advantages • RINGFREE is an excellent clay dispersant that quickly penetrates sticky clays that may cause

stuck tools • Works quickly to alleviate hole problems and reduce costly pulling times or lost pipe

Methods of Addition • Bit balling/mud rings: ½ vis cups (½ L) per 300 gal (1,135 L) of fluid up to ½ to 1 ½ gal (1.9

to 5.7 L) per 300 gal (1,135 L) of fluid. An alternate method would be to slug rods with 1 vis cup (1 L) on connections

• Thinning: Slowly add RINGFREE to the mud as needed to reduce viscosity

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Limitations Effectiveness is reduced in fluids with more than 1,000 ppm dissolved calcium and 10,000 ppm salt. Since RINGFREE reduces mud rheology, caution should be exercised when adding to the active mud system.


Packaging and Storage RINGFREE is packaged in 5‐gal (18.9‐L) buckets Store in a well‐ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.







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