MATTER AND ENERGYPrimary 3

MATTER CAN CHANGE IN MANY WAYS

• THESE CHANGES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES:

• PHYSICAL CHANGES

• CHEMICAL CHANGES

PHYSICAL CHANGES

• MATTER HAS DIFFERENT PROPERTIES

IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN CHANGE

• THE STATE OF MATTER

IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN CHANGE

• THE SHAPE OF MATTER

IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN CHANGE

• THE SIZE OF MATTER

CHEMICAL CHANGES• BURNING

• IN A FIRE, WOOD BURNS AND CHANGES INTO A NEW SUBSTANCE CALLED ASH.

CHEMICAL CHANGES

• RUSTING

• THIS METAL CHAIN IS CHANGING INTO RUST AS IT REACTS WITH WATER AND AIR.

FORCES

• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FORCES THAT ACT ON OBJECTS

PUSH FORCES

PULL FORCES

FORCES CAN ACT FROM A DISTANCE OR THROUGH CONTACT.

WHEN THEY ACT FROM A DISTANCE THEY ARE CALLED NON-CONTACT

FORCES.

WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT WITH THE OBJECT THEY ARE CALLED

CONTACT FORCES.

NON-CONTACT FORCES

• MAGNETISM – IS A NON-CONTACT FORCE THAT CAN EITHER ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC OBJECTS.

GRAVITY

• GRAVITY IS A NON-CONTACT FORCE THAT PULLS OBJECTS TOWARDS EACH OTHER.

CONTACT FORCES

• APPLIED FORCE IS THE FORCE SOMEONE OR SOMETHING APPLIES TO ANOTHER OBJECT.

BUOYANT FORCE

• WHEN AN OBJECT IS PUT IN A LIQUID THERE IS AN UPWARD FORCE ACTING ON IT CALLED BUOYANCY.

FORMS OF ENERGY

• EVERYTHING WE DO NEEDS ENERGY.

WE USE ENERGY TO DO OUR HOMEWORK, TO PLAY, TO HEAT OUR

HOUSES AND TO MOVE A CAR.

LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY.

NON-LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY TO WORK.

TOOLS

• USE ENERGY FROM PEOPLE MOVING THEM.

MACHINES

• MOST MACHINES USE ENERGY FROM ELECTRICITY.

SOME MACHINES GET THEIR ELECTRICITY FROM BATTERIES.

MOST MEANS OF TRANSPORT USE ENERGY FROM BURNING FUEL.

KINETIC ENERGY

• MOVING THINGS HAVE KINETIC ENERGY.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• ELECTRICITY IS ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

CHEMICAL ENERGY

• ANY CHEMICAL CHANGE IN MATTER HAS CHEMICAL ENERGY.

LIGHT ENERGY

• THE SUN PRODUCES LIGHT ENERGY.

SOUND ENERGY

• ANYTHING THAT IS MAKING A NOISE HAS SOUND ENERGY.

THERMAL ENERGY

• ANYTHING THAT IS HOT HAS THERMAL ENERGY.

SOURCES OF ENERGY

• THE ENERGY THAT WE USE EVERY DAY COMES FROM NON-RENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.

• COAL, PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ARE NATURAL MATTER.

THEY WERE FORMED UNDER THE GROUND A VERY LONG TIME AGO.

• THEY ARE NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.

• THERE IS NEVER NEW COAL, PETROLEUM OR NATURAL GAS.

• THEY ARE LIMITED AND THEY WILL RUN OUT IN THE FUTURE.

• BURNING THEM TO GET ENERGY POLLUTES AIR AND WATER.

COAL IS A BLACK SOLID.

PETROLEUM IS A BLACK LIQUID.

NATURAL GAS IS A MIXTURE OF GASES.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• THE SUN, WIND, WATER AND BIOMASS ARE RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.

• THERE IS ALWAYS NEW WIND, SUNLIGHT, WATER AND BIOMASS.

• THEY ARE UNLIMITED AND THEY WILL NEVER RUN OUT.

• THEY DON´T POLLUTE THE AIR OR WATER.

SOLAR ENERGY

• COMES FROM SUNLIGHT.

WIND ENERGY

• COMES FROM MOVING AIR.

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

• COMES FROM MOVING WATER.

BIOENERGY

• COMES FROM BURNING ORGANIC MATTER FROM PLANTS, CALLED BIOMASS.