Matter and Energy BasicsMatter and Energy Basics

April 21, 2023April 21, 2023

MatterMatter

Matter is anything that has mass and Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Almost everything in the universe volume. Almost everything in the universe is made of matter. is made of matter.

Matter is made of Matter is made of atomsatoms, which are the , which are the smallest part of an element that still has smallest part of an element that still has that element's properties.that element's properties.

ElementsElements

ElementsElements are substances that cannot be are substances that cannot be changed into simpler substances by changed into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Elements are forms of chemical reactions. Elements are forms of matter that contain matter that contain ONLY ONEONLY ONE type of type of atom.atom.

The building blocks of matter are The building blocks of matter are atoms.atoms.

Atomic StructureAtomic Structure

Atoms are made up of three parts:Atoms are made up of three parts:NeutronsNeutronsProtonsProtonsElectronsElectrons

The NucleusThe Nucleus

The The nucleusnucleus contains contains (+) charged (+) charged protonsprotons and neutral (0) and neutral (0) charged charged neutronsneutrons, , which make up more which make up more than 99.9% of an than 99.9% of an atom's mass. atom's mass.

The nucleus is in the The nucleus is in the center of an atom and center of an atom and has an overall has an overall positive charge.positive charge.

ElectronsElectrons

Much smaller, negatively (-) charged Much smaller, negatively (-) charged electronselectrons move around the nucleus much like move around the nucleus much like bees move around a beehive.bees move around a beehive.

atom_animation.qt

Atom FactsAtom FactsThe nucleus is The nucleus is tinytiny. Most of an atom is . Most of an atom is

empty space! empty space! An atom is composed of 99.9% nothing!An atom is composed of 99.9% nothing!You are composed of 99.9% nothing!You are composed of 99.9% nothing!