Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the...

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Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry

Transcript of Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the...

Page 1: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Matter and Change

Mrs. McGuire

Chemistry

Page 2: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Classification of MatterSome Criteria for the Classification of Matter

______________

_________(solid, liquid, gas)

_______________

Page 3: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Properties

Intensive -Do not depend

on amount of matter.Ex: __________, ________________,

____________

Extensive

-Depend on amount of matter.Ex: ________,

______________,

______________

Page 4: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Intensive and Extensive Properties

Sulfur

Page 5: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Properties

Physical: observed _______________________of the substance.

Chemical: the ability of a substance to _______________

___________________________

Page 6: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Examples of Physical Properties

Page 7: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Substance State Color Melting

Point (C°)

Boiling Point (C°)

Density (g/cm3)

Oxygen O2 Gas Colorless -218 -183 0.0014

Mercury Hg Liquid Silvery-white

-39 357 13.5

Bromine Br2 Liquid Red-brown -7 59 3.12

Water H2O Liquid Colorless 0 100 1.00

Sodium Chloride

NaCl Solid White 801 1413 2.17

Example: Physical Properties

Page 8: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

States of Matter

Solid __________________________

__________________________Liquid

___________________________________________________

Gas_________________________

Page 9: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,
Page 10: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

STATES of matter

Page 11: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Bromine

Gas (Vapor)

Liquid

Page 12: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Change of Phase

Condensation gas liquidFreezing liquid solidDeposition gas solid

Melting solid liquidEvaporation liquid gasSublimation solid gas

Boiling: Evaporation occurring beneath the liquid’s surface.

Page 13: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes

Is changing phase a physical or chemical change? ___________________Explain:

Page 14: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

H2O composition is fixed- compound

Gaseous Phase Liquid Phase

Page 15: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Chemical Properties

The ability of a ___________________________________(to

undergo a chemical change).

Example: Magnesium ______ with oxygen to form magnesium

oxide.

Page 16: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Magnesium Mg

Page 17: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Burning of Magnesium2Mg+ O2 2MgO

Page 18: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Physical ChangesPhysical change: a _________ in the

___________________of a substance.

Composition does not change.May be reversible or irreversible.

Examples:Reversible:Irreversible:

Page 19: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Chemical Change

A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.

Atoms rearrange themselves into new combinations.

Page 20: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Burning of MethaneCH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Page 21: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Burning of Methane__________________________

Page 22: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Recognizing a Chemical Change

_________ exchange production of a _____________ change***formation of a ____________

Page 23: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Formation of a Precipitate

Cu(OH)2

Precipitate

Page 24: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

The Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier)

In any chemical or physical change, ________________

_______________________

Mass is CONSTANT

Page 25: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Classification of Matter(by composition)

Page 26: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

(Pure) Substance

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.Elements: _________________ _________________________ _________________________Compounds: __________________________________________

Page 27: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

c) Elements and Compounds

Pure substances

Elements can NOT be decomposed by chemical means, but compounds can.

Page 28: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

ElementsThe ___________substances.________________into simpler

substances.Building blocks of all matter. More than 100 known elements.Represented by

___________symbols.

Page 29: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Chemical Symbols of Elements

System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, 1779-1848)

One or two first letters of name of the element.

Many elements names have roots from: Latin, Greek, mythology, geography, names of scientists.

Page 30: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Examples:

Americium, ____

Einsteinium, Es

Bromine, ____

Helium, He

Lead(Plumbum), Pb

Niobium, _____

Iron (Ferrum), Fe

Mendelevium, _____

Page 31: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

CompoundA substance that contains _________

_____________________________.

Compounds have different properties from the individual substances.

(Ex: ______)

Page 32: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Example: H2O

Page 33: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,
Page 34: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions.

Page 35: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Percent composition

Page 36: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Substance or mixture?

If composition is fixed and may not changesubstance

Page 37: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,
Page 38: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Mixture: a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Homogeneous:_____________________________________

_________________________Heterogeneous ___________

_________________________

_________________________

Page 39: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

MixturesA _________ blend of two or

more substances.

Page 40: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Page 41: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Example: Stainless Steel

A homogeneous mixture of:

-Iron (Fe)

-Chromium (Cr)

-Nickel (Ni)

Page 42: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Heterogeneous Mixtures

______________________

___________________________________________

Example:

Oil and vinegar

Page 43: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Example: Gaseous MixtureElements argon and nitrogen and

a compound (water vapor). Choice ?

Page 44: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Note:

Mixtures can be physically separated.

Mixtures exhibit physical properties similar to the components of the mixture.

Page 45: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Separation Methods

Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.

Page 46: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Example: Separate iron filings from sulfur using a _________.

Page 47: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Filtration: separates a _____ from a ________ in a heterogeneous mixture

Page 48: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Distillation: -separate dissolved _____ from a _____ -uses _________ and ______________.

Page 49: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Distillation of Crude Oil (Refining)

Crude Oil is a ____________________

Page 50: Matter and Change Mrs. McGuire Chemistry. Classification of Matter Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter ______________ _________(solid, liquid,

Distillation of Crude Oil