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Matter and Change
Mrs. McGuire
Chemistry
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Classification of MatterSome Criteria for the Classification of Matter
______________
_________(solid, liquid, gas)
_______________
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Properties
Intensive -Do not depend
on amount of matter.Ex: __________, ________________,
____________
Extensive
-Depend on amount of matter.Ex: ________,
______________,
______________
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Intensive and Extensive Properties
Sulfur
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Properties
Physical: observed _______________________of the substance.
Chemical: the ability of a substance to _______________
___________________________
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Examples of Physical Properties
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Substance State Color Melting
Point (C°)
Boiling Point (C°)
Density (g/cm3)
Oxygen O2 Gas Colorless -218 -183 0.0014
Mercury Hg Liquid Silvery-white
-39 357 13.5
Bromine Br2 Liquid Red-brown -7 59 3.12
Water H2O Liquid Colorless 0 100 1.00
Sodium Chloride
NaCl Solid White 801 1413 2.17
Example: Physical Properties
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States of Matter
Solid __________________________
__________________________Liquid
___________________________________________________
Gas_________________________
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STATES of matter
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Bromine
Gas (Vapor)
Liquid
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Change of Phase
Condensation gas liquidFreezing liquid solidDeposition gas solid
Melting solid liquidEvaporation liquid gasSublimation solid gas
Boiling: Evaporation occurring beneath the liquid’s surface.
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Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Is changing phase a physical or chemical change? ___________________Explain:
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H2O composition is fixed- compound
Gaseous Phase Liquid Phase
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Chemical Properties
The ability of a ___________________________________(to
undergo a chemical change).
Example: Magnesium ______ with oxygen to form magnesium
oxide.
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Magnesium Mg
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Burning of Magnesium2Mg+ O2 2MgO
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Physical ChangesPhysical change: a _________ in the
___________________of a substance.
Composition does not change.May be reversible or irreversible.
Examples:Reversible:Irreversible:
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Chemical Change
A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.
Atoms rearrange themselves into new combinations.
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Burning of MethaneCH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
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Burning of Methane__________________________
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Recognizing a Chemical Change
_________ exchange production of a _____________ change***formation of a ____________
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Formation of a Precipitate
Cu(OH)2
Precipitate
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The Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier)
In any chemical or physical change, ________________
_______________________
Mass is CONSTANT
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Classification of Matter(by composition)
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(Pure) Substance
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.Elements: _________________ _________________________ _________________________Compounds: __________________________________________
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c) Elements and Compounds
Pure substances
Elements can NOT be decomposed by chemical means, but compounds can.
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ElementsThe ___________substances.________________into simpler
substances.Building blocks of all matter. More than 100 known elements.Represented by
___________symbols.
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Chemical Symbols of Elements
System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, 1779-1848)
One or two first letters of name of the element.
Many elements names have roots from: Latin, Greek, mythology, geography, names of scientists.
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Examples:
Americium, ____
Einsteinium, Es
Bromine, ____
Helium, He
Lead(Plumbum), Pb
Niobium, _____
Iron (Ferrum), Fe
Mendelevium, _____
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CompoundA substance that contains _________
_____________________________.
Compounds have different properties from the individual substances.
(Ex: ______)
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Example: H2O
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The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions.
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Percent composition
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Substance or mixture?
If composition is fixed and may not changesubstance
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Mixture: a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
Homogeneous:_____________________________________
_________________________Heterogeneous ___________
_________________________
_________________________
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MixturesA _________ blend of two or
more substances.
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Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
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Example: Stainless Steel
A homogeneous mixture of:
-Iron (Fe)
-Chromium (Cr)
-Nickel (Ni)
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
______________________
___________________________________________
Example:
Oil and vinegar
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Example: Gaseous MixtureElements argon and nitrogen and
a compound (water vapor). Choice ?
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Note:
Mixtures can be physically separated.
Mixtures exhibit physical properties similar to the components of the mixture.
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Separation Methods
Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.
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Example: Separate iron filings from sulfur using a _________.
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Filtration: separates a _____ from a ________ in a heterogeneous mixture
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Distillation: -separate dissolved _____ from a _____ -uses _________ and ______________.
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Distillation of Crude Oil (Refining)
Crude Oil is a ____________________
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Distillation of Crude Oil