MATTER

Objectives

Define the words: matter, mass, volume, solid, liquids , gas, substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture

Differentiate between the physical and chemical properties of matter.

Differentiate between a chemical change and a physical change.

Differentiate between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.

Definitions

Matter is anything that takes up space (has volume) and has mass.

Mass: amount of matter in an object. Volume: amount of space occupied by an

object.

States of Matter

Solid- has a definite shape and a definite volume.

States of Matter

Liquid- has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container.

States of Matter

Gas-takes both the shape and volume of its container.

Checking Understanding

1. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

Answer: Solid2. Which state of matter has a definite

volume but takes the shape of its container?

Answer: Liquid3. Which state of matter takes both the

shape and volume of its container?

Answer: Gas

The Chemical Difference

Atoms of solids are packed tightly together, only vibrating.

Atoms of liquids are packed more loosely, and can move more freely.

Atoms of gases move very freely in all directions.

The Chemical Difference

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties: can be measured/observed without changing the identity of the substance

Examples: color, mass, temperature, density, permeability, melting point, velocity (speed)

Properties of Matter

Chemical Properties: cannot be measured/observed without changing the identity of the substance

Examples: flammability, acidity, toxicity, reactivity

Changes In Matter: Physical

Physical Change: a change in a substance which does not change the identity of the substance

Examples: boiling water, breaking a branch off a tree, melting ice cream, recycling plastic

Changes In Matter: Chemical

Chemical Change: a change that produced matter with a different composition than the original (changes its identity)

Examples: burning wood, most chemical reactions, rusting

What is a physical change?

A physical change is a change in size, shape, or state of matter.

Melting

Melting is a physical change.

Freezing

Freezing is an example of physical change.

Bending

Bending is a physical change.

Tearing

Tearing into something is an example of a physical change.

Scratching

Scratching the surface of something is a physical change.

Breaking

Breaking an object is a physical change.

What is a chemical change?

A chemical change is the change of one or more substances into different substances.

Signs of a chemical change

Color change.

Signs of a chemical change

Gas production. Bubbles are made.

Signs of a chemical change

Odor

Signs of a chemical change

A sound.

Signs of a chemical change

Heat is given off or taken in.

Chemical or Physical Change?

Cutting wood.

Chemical or Physical Change?

Rotten eggs.

Chemical or Physical Change?

Chemical or Physical Change?

Digestion.

broken bottle, fried chicken, rusting chain, broken pencil, sliced apples, burning wood,

frozen orange juice, moldy cheese

PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE

Substances and Mixtures

What is a substance?

Substances

Substance – matter that has a uniform and definite composition

Always has the same physical properties

Substances

Examples: copper, water, carbon dioxide, ethanol (type of alcohol), sodium chloride (table salt), oxygen, carbon

NOT examples: cola, air, any living thing

Mixtures

Mixture – blend of 2 or more substances

Compositions may vary Strong or weak coffee Blood sugar level Soil Ocean water

Mixtures

Most forms of matter we encounter every day are mixtures

Two Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous mixture: not uniform in composition (one portion may be different than another)

Two Types of Mixtures

Homogeneous mixture: uniform in composition (one portion will have the same ratio of substances as all others) Ex. Salt water, air, stainless steel (Cr, Fe, and Ni)

Solution – another name for a homogeneous mixture (solid, liquid, or gas)

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous

Are these mixtures homogeneous or heterogeneous?

Saltwater Sandy water Brewed tea Orange juice with pulp in it Water with ice cubes Chicken noodle soup milk

Matter

http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/pcchange.html

http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/

http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson14.htm