Mathematics and Local Wisdom Values(An Alternative Character Education through Mathematics and Local

Wisdom Values of Bugis–Makassar Culture)

By: Irwan Akib

(Inauguration Speech in the admission office of Professor in the field ofMathematics Education, at FKIP of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar,in Balai Sidang Muktamar 47 of Unismuh Makassar Campus, on December18, 2016)

Assalamu Alaikum Warahmatullahi WabarakatuhAlhamdulillah, it is an appropriate word that I present to start this speech. I

express a gratitude to Allah (Almighty God), the Supreme Governing, becausetoday I can stand at this podium, present in this esteemed council to present aspeech in the context of strengthening and acceptance of the highest academicposition as professor in the field of mathematics education.

This is certainly a special gift for me and my family and also for ourbeloved alma mater, i.e., Blue Campus of Unismuh Makassar.

Furthermore, I would like to convey greetings and Salawat to NabiullahMuhammad SAW, the end Prophet, carrying the light of truth. Hopefully, InsyaAllah (God willing), we get the light emitted by him so he always to be present tobe lightening.

Ladies and GentlemanI want to try bringing the audiences; especially they were born before the

80s, particularly they were born and spent their childhood in a Bugis family. Thisis the poem that is probably still resonated in your ears.

This is Yabe Lale poem, which not only becomes my bedtime song, butalso becomes a bedtime song for my children. Stanzas of the poem’s bedtimeindeed contain deep philosophical values.

Cakkaruddu atinrono 2xMatinro tudang ammaoAlla nasala nippimmu

If you feel drowsiness, go to sleep 2xYou may asleep in a sittingSo it disturbs your dream

Nippi magi mumalewe 2xLeweno makkawaruAlla todongi go peddi

What dreams are repeated 2xMany times wishRemoving pain

Peddi kegana mutaro 2xKegani muppalinrungAlla tomasalle lolang

What sad you keep it 2xWhere is you hide itYour own adventure

Lolanno mussalleangngi 2xSarae ri atimmuAlla aja mumadoko

Let’s adventure and throw 2xAll sadness in your heartDo not let yourself thin

Madoko dokoni laoe 2xMakkale rojong-rojongAlla tori welaimmu

The missing had faded 2xYou are aloneSomeone who had left you

Tori welaimmu gare 2xTudang ritengnga lalengAlla mappaseng naterri

Someone who go, people said 2xSat in the middle of the journeyLeave a message while crying

Tori paseng tea mette 2x Tona polei pasengAlla tea makkutana

Someone who are advised is speechless 2xMeanwhile, people who were given messagePrecisely do not asked back

Pekkogana makkutana 2x Rilaleng tennunengnga Alla napole pasetta

How do I want to ask 2xI was weavingWhen the message came

Ladies and GentlemanObserving the phenomenon that happened lately, we though faced with the

apprehensive situations and conditions that find the competition of nations in thisearth universe.

On one side, the other nations increasingly push themselves to exist andinfluence on the development of a global world, while on the other hand, theatmosphere of our national life is still wallowing in the mud of crisis, we are stillsurrounded by various crises with the waning of the main values which areactually the noble values of the nation’s culture.

The crisis of ethics and good morals among young people and among thenation’s elite, instantaneous lifestyle, corrupt behavior, leadership crisis, the lawhas not been upright and able to provide a sense of justice; most elite lost thevalues ethical standard and the various phenomena that take pity and lacerate thevalues which have been rooted in our society.

As an independent and sovereign nation, we certainly hope that Indonesiabecomes the determinant part of global progress and the national arena. We do notwant to just be a spectator of this nation, especially be as a spectator in our ownhome, being a guest in our own home.

We do not want our sovereign nation becomes a complement in the globallife arena. But these expectations will always become expectation when thecondition our nation is still wallow with various paradoxes. Indonesia will alwaysbe in a dependence and underdevelopment state in many ways.

As the nation’s children, we certainly hope and always endeavored thatIndonesia becomes the locomotive of progress, the direction determinant of thenation’s journey of the world. To achieve this, the nation should be able to preparequalified human resources.

Human resources are able to present their self as part of the nation and theworld solutions providers globally. They are presented as the human resourceswho have intelligence, integrity, human beings who uphold the truth and justicevalues, human beings who always make honesty as part of their life in variousactivities.

For the presence of the intelligence human beings as described above, thenquality education is a necessity that must be presented, i.e., education that is notonly able to create human beings who have cognitive intelligent, but also canproduce human beings who have cognitive, affective, and psychomotorintelligent.

Education that can produce human beings as outlined in the ConstitutionLaw No. 20 in 2003 is education has function to develop the ability and establishcharacter and the dignity nation’s civilization in order to educate the nation’s life.

Besides, it is mentioned in that constitution law that the national educationaims to develop students’ potentials to become human beings who are faith anddevoted to the Almighty God, have noble character, healthy, knowledgeable,skilled, creative, independent, and become the democratic and responsiblecitizens.

Ladies and GentlemanThe results of a survey that was conducted by the National Association of

College and Employees (NACE) USA (2002), to the 457 leaders showed that 20important qualities of a champion successively are communication skills,honesty/integrity, the ability to cooperate, interpersonal skills, ethical,motivation/initiative, adaptability, analytical power, computer capabilities,organizational skills, detail-oriented, leadership, self-confidence, friendly,courteous, thoughtful, grade point (GPA > = 3.00), creative, humorous, andentrepreneurship skills.

GPA is often considered as a proof of the students’ greatness, the indicatorof successful people actually occupies the position of number 17.

Furthermore, Patrick S O’Brien in his book entitled Making CollegeCount, soft skills can be categorized into seven areas which are called WinningCharacteristics, namely: communication skills, organizational skills, leadership,logic, effort, group skills, and ethics.

To this day, mathematical literacy skills of our children are still worryingif our measurement is test result of PISA (Programme Internationale for StudentAssessment) which is a form of evaluation skills and knowledge that are designedfor students aged 15 years.

The latest results, in 2015 put our kids in ninth position from the bottomamong the 72 countries which joined the test.

Indonesian students are only able to obtain the score of 386 (highest scoreis 564). We are far behind from Vietnam which is able to put its students in the 8 th

position from the top with 495 score. Mathematical literacy is the capability of each individual to formulate, use

and interpret mathematics in many situations contexts. The individual’s understanding includes mathematical reasoning and using

the concepts, procedures, facts, and tools to describe, explaining and predicting acase. It helps individual to understand the rules that make mathematics as sreference to the fact and to make judgments and decisions that are needed toconstruct, use and reflect on ourselves as citizens.

Someone is said to have good mathematical literacy level if he/she is ableto analyze, reason and communicate mathematical knowledge and skill effectivelyand be able to solve and interpret mathematical completion.

PISA examines the analytical thinking ability and problem solving. It iscalled as the high order thinking ability and includes the ability of analysis,synthesis, evaluation and creativity.

Ladies and GentlemanBugis-Makassar people, as well as other communities have local

knowledge that are growing and developing in society. This local wisdombecomes the potential energy of the collective knowledge system of thecommunity to live the values that bring the survival of civilized, peaceful life,living in harmony, mutual compassion, grindstones, and foster care, living indiversity, life is full of forgiveness and understanding, tolerance life, living inharmony with the environment, living with the values orientation that led to theenlightenment and live to resolve the problems by the collective mosaic itself.

The local wisdom of Bugis-Makassar is described in lontara which is aheritage that when it is examined in depth to understand the explicit and implicitin the records of this lontara, then we will find a sense of amazed for the qualityphilosophy and viewpoint of the Bugis-Makassar people at its former glory.Therefore, the study of local wisdom can give the depth description and wisdomto build the character of nation’s generation.

In the next description of my speech, it will try to assess this local wisdomrelating to mathematics, which would be expected through the mathematicslearning in schools, the values contained in the local wisdom of Bugis-Makassarcan be generated in the national character development, which also becomes partof character education.

Ladies and Gentleman Before exposing about mathematics and local wisdom of Bugis-Makassar,

firstly I want to describe briefly about mathematics and development of itsdefinition.

Mathematics as one of the basic sciences both of applied and reasoningaspect has an important role in efforts to mastery science and technology. Mark

Kac and Stanislaw Ulam (in Gie, 1999) state that mathematics is important for thehuman consequent of nature and to the development of mankind with theestablishment of its thinking ways.

Mathematics is an integral part of the civilization development of mankindeven becomes an important factor in the development of technology andcivilization.

Mathematics appears in our culture in many various ways, so it is no easyto describe mathematics as a whole, wrote Kenneth in his book entitled Elementsof Modern Mathematics. Further, it states that it may not be possible to provide alimitation on mathematics in the context of one of its characteristics.

The definitions of mathematics which are given by the experts describemathematics based on each view and background of the experts, and socio-cultural background and different scope in line with the benefit of mathematicsitself.

The definitions which were proposed are move from the very simpleunderstanding to the complex understanding. For example, Eckels (in Gie, 1999)looked at the simple goal of his mathematical study is to examine the numberconcepts, so Eckels defines mathematics as the numbers science and theirrelationship.

Likewise Ayer, who looked at the mathematics in terms of number and itsoperations, so it gives the sense that the basic mathematics especially regardingto certain elements which are called numbers and certain processing stepswhich are applied to that numbers.

The further development, other experts looked at the mathematics from thestudy of number, space and scale. Therefore, it appears the definition ofmathematics which is wider scope as written by Bunch in his book entitled TheNew Book of Knowledge that mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, andsymbols as well as rules which are associated with them.

Other expert states that Mathematics is the logic study about the shape,composition and breadth; particularly methods to reveal the use of senseformulated carefully and its definite symbols, the appropriate properties andrelationships from the magnitudes and spaciousness either in abstractmathematics or in its practical relationships, i.e., applied mathematics.

The development of definitions of mathematics is increasingly broad andcomplex as the cultural development of mankind and the usefulness ofmathematics itself. Ernest (1991) looked at mathematics as a socialconstructivism which fulfills three premises as follows: i) the basis knowledgeof mathematics is grammar, agreement, and rules, and language is a socialconstruct; ii) interpersonal social process is required to change the subjectivemathematical from an individual, to be objective mathematical knowledgewhich can be received (as delivered); and iii) objectivity itself is interpreted assomething that is generally accepted.

Besides Ernest, there are a number of figures who look at mathematics as asocial constructivism. For example, Dienes stated that mathematics is the creative

art sciences; therefore, mathematics should be learned and taught as the artsciences.

Kitcher more focused his attention to the components in mathematicalactivities. He claimed that mathematics consists of the components: 1) thelanguage which is used by mathematicians, 2) statements that are used bymathematicians, 3) the important questions which until now have not beensolved, 4) reasoning which is used to explain the statement, and 5) the idea ofmathematics itself. Even more broadly, mathematics is regarded as the science ofpattern.

The diverse definitions of mathematics and complementary each other,which are developed in accordance with the scope and usefulness and follow thedevelopment of science and technology when they are collected are no less than100 kinds of definitions that have been put forward by experts.

The diversity of mathematics definitions is made possible because themathematics emerge from the thoughts of mankind associated with the ideas andreasoning in the completion of issues.

The diversity of mathematics definitions does not mean that there is theconflict each other, but it complements each other and gives an extension to theunderstanding of mathematics itself.

From the diversity of opinions, it can be withdrawn the conclusion, so thatit seems the similarity feature of mathematics itself. (Soedjadi, 1995) stated thatthe similarity features of mathematics are 1) Mathematics objects are abstract, 2)empty symbols of meaning; 3) agreements and axiomatic deductive reasoning, 4)anti-contradiction, and 5) universality as limiting of the discussion.

Ladies and GentlemanWhen I mention the word “two”, it is imaged in our minds that the symbol

of “2”, similarly when we said “lines” then it appears in our mind the sign of“______”.

But when I asked do you ever saw the “two”, do you ever see the line?What is actually “two”? What kind of creature of “2” is it? What is the meaning of“2”? Why the word “two” is symbolized “2”, why is not “3”, why is not “$”?

Once again, it is actually showed in your minds that the number “2” itselfas the symbol of number “two”. While, two has never seen by us, it cannot betouched.

Thus, mathematics object is actually an abstract object that exists only inour minds. Mathematics object according to Marpaung (1995) is a mentalconstruction that occurs through the process of abstraction, generalization,idealization, and deduction.

Two under the symbol “2” does not give any meaning before we givemeaning to its appropriate scope. For example, “2” is connected with a pen, andthen it can be meaningful with two pens. In mathematics, we often find thesymbol (x,y). The couple of (x,y) is not yet meaningful.

If the concept is used in the field of analytic geometry, it can be interpretedas the point coordinates, for example, A (1,2), B(6,9), point A (1,2) point A islocated on the intersection of the line x = 1 and y = 2 point B( 6, 9) means thepoint B is located at the intersection of the line x = 6 and y = 9.

These examples give us an understanding that the symbols in mathematicsdo not mean anything before they are determined in their specified scopes.

Giving meaning to the mathematical symbols imposes the limits statementof truth that are in the system as limiting the scope of the discussion, which inmathematics is called universality.

Soedjadi (1985) argued that the symbols in mathematics generallyemptiness of meaning, so it can be given a meaning in accordance with the scopeof its universe.

The meaning emptiness from these symbols gives the opportunity to usethen in other sciences and in real life.

Ladies and Gentleman Let’s get back to play with the word “two” which is agreed with the

symbol “2”. The next question is the word “two” is given the symbol “2”, why isnot the symbol “3”, or “$” or other symbols. These symbols are agreements inmathematics.

In mathematics with the thought patterns that are axiomatic deductiverequire agreements as the convention which are accepted without having to beproved.

The truth of a concept or statement in mathematics is obtained as a logicalresult of the truth before making connection between concepts or statements inmathematics is consistent.

The proof process deductively will involve theory and other mathematicalformulas which have previously been substantiated deductively.

Hudoyo (1990) states that a mathematical truth is developed based onevidentiary grounds that use deductive logic.

The fundamental agreement is axioms and primitive concept. Axiom isalso called the postulate, i.e., the base statement that does not need to be proven.The primitive concept is also called undefined term, i.e., the base understandingwhich is unnecessary defined.

Mathematics; Generator of Local Wisdom ValuesAt the beginning of this speech, I present one of the many poems, i.e.,

Yabe Lale’. The bedtime poem is commonly sung by mothers while lull theirchild with caresses of love, so that the child can fall asleep, ignoring longingrestrained, because the real people who missed it too was in a deep longing, butwas unable to return because it has not been able to bring something valuable tothe future of his son, so far away only able to instruct in the silence, while the leftremains faithful in the expectation. This poem contains a moral message of loyaltyand courage.

This poem becomes a bedtime for the children, which contains advice andexpectations of parents to their children in the future. What I would like todescribe with the lyrics of lullabies, is that true for Buginess people, the mother’srole is very central in providing character education to her children.

The character education is started early in the family environment withmessages of moral and exemplary. Early on, what the expectations of parents tohave their children have been delivered through bedtime poems.

The character education that is played by mothers gives the basicfoundation of personality.

In the contemporary era, this role has shifted over the development period,the cultural role of character education is no longer centered on parents, expeciallymothers.

This role is started to be played by others or even possibly played bycyberspace, the gentle touch of a mother’s love is started not so pronounced. It iscertainly somewhat influenced the children development. Therefore, the childrendevelopment is strongly influenced by who is instrumentally in giving thefoundations of the early growth of the children.

The reducing and shifting role of mothers and families in providing thebasic foundation for the children development, which is concomitant with theshifting role of women in certain society becomes the challenge in the childrencharacter education.

Therefore, the schools as the second institution after the family have thestrategic role in character education. It is education that can produce theintelligence human beings who have the main character.

The local wisdom has the main character values that need to be studied tobe a part of the character development of the nation. These main values actuallyhave been existed and ever lived and growth in the community, including themain values of Bugis-Makassar, which are values that have lived and growthamong the Bugis-Makassar community.

These values are also part of philosophical values that are part of thedevelopment of Indonesian society which is embodied in the values of Pancasilawhich become the State’s foundation and philosophy.

These values in its development have been partly shifted, so those valuesseemed faded and no longer be a guide for Bugis-Makassar people to interact anddo activity.

Despite mathematics has abstract objects, but mathematics itself is actuallyconstricted and developed by humans as a part of human culture.

Susilo (2003) states that almost there is no culture, however it’s primitive,which does not contain the elements of mathematics. Mathematics is one elementof human culture that helped to form one’s personality, though in varying degreesfor each person.

Furthermore, it is stated that mathematics becomes one of the elementsthat make up a person’s personality. By learning mathematics one’s more and less

will be formed to become people who are able to think logically, systematically,objectively that become part of their his/her personality.

The same statement was stated by Raymond (in Gie, 1999) that it cannotbe denied that mathematics is one of the most important parts of the culture inevery modern society. The effect on the other elements of culture is therebyfundamental and widespread; therefore, it justifies the statement that the ways ofmost modern life are almost impossible without mathematics.

The study on the mathematics connection with the local wisdom,especially the local wisdom of Bugis-Makassar culture has been conducted byAkib (2016) by using the content analysis which is based on two schemes below.

Scheme-1

3. Generalization

1. Objectivity 2. Systematic

Source: Soedjadi, 1986: 19

Explanation of Scheme 1 Objectivity is the analysis which is conducted to be lifted from the bottom

of thing that is formulated explicitly that allows two or more peopleachieve the same results.

Systematic is consistency in the use of assessment criteria. Generalization is that the invention should be relevant theoretically 9may

be referred to the reality).

Scheme-2(VJ)

(VO) (VT)

(D) (C)

Source: Soedjadi, 1986: 20

The explanation of scheme 2VT is the value term/evaluation term, which is characteristic of

mathematics that will be explored about its links with the culturalvalues of Bugis

VJ is value judgment/evaluation decision, which shows therelationship between the mathematics characteristics and thecultural values of Bugis

D is the description (the description of VO)C is the criterion (criteria, in connection with VT)

From the results of the study on the connection of mathematics with thelocal wisdom of Bugis-Makassar, Akib (2016) concluded that: (1) The habit ofusing the mindset of deductive-axiomatic can lead us to always said somethingthat is true and put things in their place, so it can be said that the mindset ofdeductive-axiomatic can establish the honesty value.

(2) The decency value can be generated with the universality, becauseuniversality shows the certain restrictions on things that are worth to be done.

(3) Anti-contradiction implies consistency in the rules or procedures thathave been agreed. This consistency requires persistence and thoughtfulconsideration so that it does not break the agreement, thereby generating anti-contradiction can be the appearance of the persistence values.

(4) The loyalty value can be resurrected through the mathematicsagreement. This can be occur agreements that provide boundaries in reducing anystatements or conducting the operation.

Ladies and Gentleman Then, I will try to give a glimpse of the main values of Bugis-Makassar

culture that can be raised by mathematics.

Raised Up the Honesty Value

Honesty is one of the main values of Bugis-Makassar culture. Rahim(1999) states that in Bugis lontara, honesty is the good action, correct thought,courteous behavior, and fear to God.

Rahim illustrated this honesty with the story of Mallomo grandma, anintellectual who has the capacity in law and government, as well as she has honestand fair character to the entire community.

It was narrated that when it was been three years of harvest in Sindenrengwas always fail. People went looking for what caused the failure. There wassurely something wrong.

In the confusion of searching for the root cause, the son of Mallomograndma confessed to his father. He said that three years ago in summer timeplowing a field, several pieces of his salaga combs were broken. Then, he took apiece of wood belonging to his neighbors without permission to replace thedamaged plowing comb tool.

Mallomo grandmother, then said, “My son, thou apparently had vilatedpemali (taboo) so the God sent down a warning that befell the people and thisSindereng earth. For the sake of honesty, you should face Indigenous StakeholderCouncil.”

The verdict handed down was actually heavy, i.e., the death punishment.Knowing the verdict, people saw Mallomo grandma.

They did “demonstration” that accused Mallomo grandma how could sheassessed his son’s soul with a piece of wood. Facing the protests, firmly Mallomograndmother said, “Ade’e temmakkeanak temmakke-eppo. Tradition (law) doesnot recognize the children, does not know the grandchildren.”

For Bugis-Makassar people, honest person is a human being who makeshim/herself as starting point.

In the expression, it is mentioned that: Kabbecci alemu iolo inappamukabbecci taue lainnge (pinch yourself first before you pinch someone else).

In the other expression, it is mentioned that: When you want something tobe done by a lot of people, let’s suppose that a boat, if you like to ride it, the boatis what you use to load other people, that is honesty.

The meaning of this quote is that every person should be fair. Honestpeople always threats others according to expected standard used others tohim/her. He/she respect others, as he/she respects him/herself. He/she respects therights of others as he/she respects him/herself.

The mankinds who can be honest to other people are human beings whocan be honest with themselves.

The mindset of axiomatic deductive provides restrictions that the truth of aconcept or statement that is obtained as a logical result of the previous truth so theconnection between concepts or statements in mathematics is consistent.

The deductive proof process will involve theory and other mathematicalformulas that have been previously proved their true deductively.

Tiro (2010) states that mathematics is an axiomatic system that has thecharacteristics: (1) there is an primitive element (undefined term) as the main

component, (2) a set of axioms (unproven statement) as well as the primitivedevise, (3) all definitions or theorems are made by using primitive elements,axioms, preexisting definitions or theorems, (4) the value of right and wrong isdetermined or measured by the laws that already exist.

Further, it is stated that there are certain elements in mathematics whichare accepted without be disputed their elements. Likewise, the statements arecalled axiom that truth is received without having explained rationally.

The axiom is the base statement that is received without the need to beproven. Theorem which is used in these structures may be justified if it does notconflict with the axiom that has been set. For example, in the group is arranged infour axioms, then all the theorems and proofs are only true when using all fouraxioms as the initial agreement. Description which comes from that structure isstated not true.

The essence of honesty is how to put things in their proportion and inresolving a problem is implemented fairly and wisely.

Meanwhile, the arrangement of deductive-axiomatic provides boundariesin order that a procedure/statement can be stated true or not.

A definition is accepted as true is it can be proved through the previousstatement, and so forth until the right base to a statement by itself without the needto be proven.

This shows that the habit of suing the deductive axiomatic mindset canlead us to always say something that is true and put things in place. Habitual useof deductive-axiomatic mindset can raise the honesty value.

Universality and Decency Value Decency in Buginess language is sitinaja (assitinajang), which comes

from the word of sitinaja which means appropriate, proper, worthy.Mappasitinaja means appropriate saying or doing or treating people properly.

The definition of appropriateness which is stated by Luwu scholar as citedby Ambo Enre (1992) is Ri pariajanngi ri ajannge, ri parialau'i alau'e, riparimanianngi maniannge, ri pariase'i ri ase'e, ri pariawai ri awae.(It is placed in the West which is in the West, is placed in the East which is in theEast, is placed in the South which is in the South, is placed on top which is above,is placed under that is below).

That phrase illustrates that a person is stated acting properly orappropriately if she/he is able to put things in their place. Someone who actsappropriateness means he/she is able to put his/herself in accordance with his/herposition. He/she is not greedy with the others rights, but understand the rights ofhis/herself.

Besides, he/she is also able to treat others in their place. He/she is awarethat other people have rights that should be respected.

It was exemplified by Rahim (1992), about the decency attitude of PuangRimaggalatung that repeatedly rejected the offer from Wajo people to beappointed as Arung Matoa Wajo on the death of Batara Wajo III. The refusal is

not because he was not able to act in the office that was offered to him, but herealized that the position was difficult to be carried out by him. However, becausethe representatives of the people and the Wajo people themselves felt that hedeserved lead them, eventually the he accepted that offer.

The decency value that was played inside Puang Ri Maggalatung is notseparated from Bugis’s advice. Aja' muangoai onrong, aja'to muacinnai tanretudangeng, de'tu mullei padecengi tana. Risappa'po muompo, ri jello'po muompo,ri jello'po muakkengau. (Do not be greedy to the position; do not want a highposition, lest you not be able to improve the country. when it was looking for,then you will arise, when it was appointed, then you will accept it).

The study object of mathematics is an abstract object, so it is always usedsymbols to describe the object. The symbols that are used have no meaning beforeit is determined their discussion, which is called discourse universe.

Completing math problems without considering the discourse universe canlead to errors in solving the problems. For example, 1+1=10, it is wrong to discussin base of ten, but that statement is true if we discuss on the base of two.

Universality shows certain limits to the things that are worth to be done.Thus, universality contains the decency and loyalty values.

Besides, the universality contains democratic values that give appreciationto the different opinion. For example, when we add two numbers of 1+3=…..,when I saw the sum in the view of the base 10, then certainly 1+3=4, but whenother people look at it with the another viewpoint, for example, looked at from theperspective of 4 base, then certainly 1+3=10.

The differences are due to the existence of the different discourse universe,so we do not blame each other because each of us has the different perspective.

Persistence ValuePersistence in Buginess language is getting, which also means obedient-

principle or loyal to belief, strong and tough in the standpoint, tightly holdingsomething. This persistence value is related to the positive meaning.

This is stated by To Ciung Maccae ri Luwu that the four actions of thepersistence value are (a) do not break a promise, (b) do not betray the agreement,(c) do not annual the decision, do not change the agreement, and (d) whenspeaking and acting, do not stopped before completed (Rahim, 1992).

The persistence to hold the promise was shown by a king in Bone LaTenrirowa Sultan Adam Matinrioe ri Bantaeng which only three months occupiedthe throne of Bone (1611), because he was persistent to hold the promise.

When the Gowa’s kingdom which was first embraced Islam, then it wasconveyed to all existing kings South Sulawesi, according to agreement: “thatwhoever first to find a better way, then be promised that anyone who first find thegoodness so that notify it to the other kings.”

The good news was also conveyed to the king of Bone La TenriruwaSultan Adam, so that the king converted to Islam, on the basis of the agreement.

But after he announced to the Islamization, evidently the Bone’s people wererejected his exclamation.

It happened in just three months when he was enthroned. On this rejection,he renounced his position, and then he went to Pattiro, i.e., in the country wherehe was formerly as Arung who ruled (Arung Pattiro).

The people here also refused Islamic propaganda which was delivered byhim, then he went to Tallo, Gowa, and from here he went to Bantaeng to dwellthere. This was where he died, so he was called Matinro ri Bantaeng (Rahim,1992).

The king was willing to renounce his position despite he was enthroned for3 (three) months due to uphold the agreements that had been agreed.

His persistence to believe the goodness despite having to pay with a heavyprice is leaving his throne.

The constancy and firmness value in the right principle (getting), withevidence of acts include: do not break a promise, do not betray the pledge (thecommitment) of inter-kingdom, do not break the previous provisions, do notchange the agreement, and finish it completely when they judge the case (Ibrahim,2003: 89).

There are many systems in mathematics. They can be interrelated eachother but they can also be disjoint. Algebra systems are the system of axioms ofthe group, the axiom of the ring system, the axiom system from the field, etc.

Geometry system includes neutral geometry system, Euclidean geometrysystem, and non-Euclidean geometry system. Within each system and structure,there is consistency, which means the truth value in one particular structure.

Or it can be stated that in mathematics should not occur contradiction inone system, which stated a statement is both true and false.

Anti-contradiction implies consistency in the rules or procedures that havebeen agreed. This consistency requires persistence and thoughtful consideration soit does not break the agreement. This means that the anti-contradiction containsthe persistence value.

Agreement and Loyalty ValueLoyalty is sincerity, does not break a promise or treason, struggle and

grace, and maintaining love and keeping the promise. The loyalty character will not converge with suspicion, jealousy,

degrading, despotic, broken, hurt and accused.There are three main elements in loyalty, namely love, humanitarian, and

faith. Love serves as a driver, humanist serves as guard and sustainable media,while faith serves as an amplifier, falsifies, and developers (Abdullah, 2013).

Loyalty to the brotherhood is a requirement. In everyday life, themanifestation of harmony of heart is mentioned in a phrase: Tejjali tettapperebanna mase –mase (We do not have anything for we serve to the Lord: there is nocarpet, overstuffed sofa to seat, Sir. We have only love).

For the Bugis-Makassar people, appreciation of the guest is imperative.So, it is often we encounter a host is busy to prepare the tasty food to the guests,whereas he/she did not do so in the everyday life. This was only done merely togive the best to his /her brother and his/her neighbor.

The brotherhood foundation can be summed up in the followingexpression. Mali siparappe, malilu sipakainge, Sirebba tannga tessirebbapasorong, Padaidi pada elo, sipatuo sipatakkong Siwata menre, tessirui no. (Weare reaching out to each other when drifting; we turned to each other because weare one mind, lifting each other and do not let down each other). We havedifferent opinion, but it does not lead to a power struggle.

Mathematics is inspired by agreements that provide boundaries in reducingany statements or conducting the operation. This can be attributed with theobligations to comply the agreements which have been agreed between two ormore parties, either the agreement between government and its people or theagreement between two governments.

Ladies and GentlemanThe characterless human who is imprinted in him/her the core values,

manifested in the daily life attitudes and behaviors in various situations and invarious positions and professions, becomes a necessity to become part of thehuman beings of this nation-development.

Mathematics has an important role to construct and produce the humanbeings; meanwhile on the other hand, the results of student’s mathematicslearning are still very worrying. From 72 countries that joined the PISA test,Indonesian student occupies the 9th position from the bottom.

In this context, the mathematics learning that can evoke the core valuesand simultaneously can improve mathematics learning outcomes becomesimportant to be presented. One of the alternative ways that can be done is througha mathematical synergy with local wisdom, especially local wisdom of Bugis-Makassar.

Akib’s research (2008), which is reinforced by the research results ofMa’ruf (2014) argues that the mathematics connection with the cultural values ofBugis-Makassar not only can improve mathematics learning achievement, but alsohave an impact on the long-tem affective aspects, such as on students self areformed: respect for others, a spirit to always get achievement, have thecompassion sense for others, and attitude to prioritize togetherness.

One thing that is considered in this model is the creation of the conduciveenvironment which is done through dialogue. Dialogical process is not only ableto develop the students thinking, but also able to arouse the major cultural valuesof Bugis-Makassar, which is the foundation of character development.

Another thing that should be considered is the learning process must occurmultidirectional interaction, by placing the student as a whole person, in the senseof giving attention to each student’s potential.

Besides, when a student faces difficulties, the teacher needs to showempathy to help the student. But in giving help, it must be given at the appropriatetime and the appropriate portion which is required by students.

Ladies and GentlemanAt the end of this speech, please allow me to reminisce and recall the best

people that have moved their hearts by the Almighty God and have been presentfor a given role, have presented to give meaningful for my academic journey,attended to form my characters in the dynamic journey of my meaningful life, thewaves or life were winding and sometimes steep road blocks in my wanderingsfulfill my academic passion, I can pass all of them and I can be present here, inthis historic place, I can stand in this esteemed forum.

I express the sincere appreciations and thanks from my deepest heart to:

1. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia through the Ministry ofResearch and Technology of Higher Education who have entrusted me amandate as this professorship.2. Mrs. Prof. Dr. Ir. ANdi Niartiningsih, MP, as the Coordinator of Kopertisof IX Sulawesi Region and Mr. Dr. Hawignyo, MM, as the ExecutiveSecretary of Kopertis of IX Sulawesi Region and all his staffs.3. Mr. Prof Dr. Aminuddin Salle, SH., MH and Mr. Prof. Dr Basri Wello,M.Si for their attention to my academic process, as long as he was theCoordinator of Kopertis of IX Sulawesi Region.4. My teachers at Kindergarten Aisyiyah Cabang Ujung, Pare-Pare city, atState Primary School 7 Pare-Pare. My teachers at SMA 159 Sungguminasa.Those are the humanity heroes who are always sincere to produce and raise awisdom seeker. They are who sincerely taught me letter by letter, for thenumbers, and they are who opened me the window of the world, opened theway for me in my academic journey.5. My uncle and my aunt, Mr. Ir. Abd. Manna Wahab and his wife, Hj.Munirah Hanafi. They not only taught me mathematics, but also had equippedme with discipline, honesty, firmness, and fairness.6. My lecturers in the Department of Mathematics Education of IKIP UjungPandang (UNM), Master’s degree (S2) of Mathematics Education of IKIPSurabaya, and Doctoral degree (S3) of Mathematics Education of UNESA.7. Mr. Drs. Ahmad Muslim as my academic advisor and also my firstsupervisor in the completion of thesis and Mr. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Bukka(RIP) as my second advisor and also our advisor in the study group.8. Mr. Prof. Dr. I Gusti Ngurah Agung, M.Sc., M.St. as my first supervisor inthe completion of my Master’s degree thesis. He is not only as a supervisorbut also taught us the simplicity meaning. Mr. Prof. Dr. Toho Cholik Mutohir,as my second supervisor at the Master’s degree of Mathematics Educationdepartment, IKIP Surabaya.

9. Mr. Prof. Drs. H. Herman Hudoyo, M.Ed. (RIP) as my promoter in thecompletion of my doctoral degree (S2) dissertation in UNESA, that with allsincerity and potentials have given considerable attention to me, in anatmosphere of dialogue and amicably funds. Mr. Prof. Dr. H. AkbarSutawidjaja, as my co-promoter in the completion of my doctoral degree (S2)dissertation in UNESA, which has provided guidance in a sincere andfamiliarity. The concern guidance and genuine makes me always motivated todo the best.10. Mr. Prof. I Ketut Budaya, Ph.D, as the Chairman of Doctoral Degree (S3)of Mathematics Education Department, UNESA who with patience andattentive to always directed us in completing our S2 and S3 study ofMathematics Education in UNESA.11. Mr. Prof. R. Soedjadi, our teacher who is always sincere to guide anddirect us. The given guidance always gives the former that is difficult to forgetin our hearts and souls. A true educator with all potential and charisma thathas always made us to always rise up to be creative and do the best. There aremany meaningful thoughts that are given to my thought, especially the valuesin mathematics.12. My brothers and sisters, my comrades majors at S1 degree in IKIP UjungPandang, S2 degree of Mathematics Education in IKIP Surabaya and S3degree of Mathematics Education in UNESA who had struggled with us withfull of family and brotherhood.13. My brother, who I respect, Dr. Muhammad Darwis, M. M.Pd, with hiswife is Dra. Kalsum who currently provide care and concern for my activities,both daily activities on campus and other activities. The sincerity heart of youand your family can not scratch in this paper.14. My friends, in my study group form S1 degree, are Prof. Dr. AbdulRahman, M.Pd., Prof. Dr. Usman Mulbar, M.Pd., Dr. Mustamin Idris, M.Si.,and Drs. Zainuddin, M.Pd. (RIP). Thanks for everything, our struggle is notsmooth and paved path, we walked the streets were winding and climbingeven sometimes have to plunge into the deepest valley, but with ourtogetherness, Alhamdulillah (Thank God), we can be like now.15. Our parent at Unismuh Makassar campus, Mr. KH. Djamaluddin Amien,has not only become a leader, co-worker, teacher, but also act as a parent. Hissincerity guided me on the meaning of life, which always opened the deepestheart to look to the future earnestly to do the best.16. My brother, Dr. Ir. H. Muhammad Syaiful Saleh, M.Si. (Chairman of BPHUnismuh), for all the trust and support that are given to me, since I was guidedin IMM until jointly to lead the IMM of Sulselra and now we are together inPWM of South Sulawesi. 17. Mr. Dr. Haedar Nashir, M.Si. (General Chairman of PPM) and Mrs. Dra.St. Noordjannah Djohantini, M.Si. (General Chairman of PPA) for all theirattentions and their trusts which are given to me.

18. Prof. Dr. Muhajir Effendy, M.AP (Chairman of PPM/Minister ofEducation and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia) for all attentions andtrusts which are given to me.19. Chairman and all members and staffs of Higher Education Council ofResearch and Development of PPM.20. The Leaders Colleagues of PTM and the former leaders of PTM inIndonesia.21. The Chairman and all members of PWM and PWA of South Sulawesi andleaders of Ortom Muhammadiyah from the region level to branch level.22. Rector and leaders of Unismuh Makassar and Faculty leaders in UnismuhMakassar who never give up giving attention to me.23. My brothers and sisters, and my friends of lecturers and staffs of UnismuhMakassar.24. My brothers and sisters, my educator’s friends who are sincere and the trueteachers in Junior High School of Unismuh Makassar.25. My brothers and sisters, Dr. Andi Sukri Syamsuri, Dr. PancaNurwahidin,M.Pd, Dr. Baharullah, M.Pd, Mukhlis, S.Pd, M.Pd, ChaerulSyam, S.Pd, M.Pd, Khaeruddin, S.Pd, M.Pd, Sitti Fitriani Saleh, S.Pd, M.Pd,Andi Husni, S.Pd, M.Pd, and all colleagues in FKIP of Unismuh Makassar,and all my kids, students, and graduates of Mathematics Education departmentof Unismuh Makassar who always give attention to my academic journey.26. My brother, Nasrun, S.Pd, M.Pd, and his wife is Andi Hasrianti, S.S.,M.Pd, who give many supports to me in my achievement today. Likewiseconcern and even advice are given to me.27. My sister, Hasniati Akib, S.Pd and my brother Achmadi AP, who had beenwilling to postpone his bachelor’s degree, is willing to delay his career to helphis brothers and sisters, especially to me. Likewise, my brothers and sisters,Hisbullah Akib, S.E and Sahariah, Hikmawati Akib, S.Sos, Hasnani Akib,S.Pd, M.Pd and Yusran, S.Pd, M.Pd, Erwin Akib, S.Pd, M.Pd, Ph.D and AryMartuti, S.Si, M.Pd., Tasrif Akib, S.Pd and Asdiana Fausia, S.Pd., and all mydear nephew. The sincere prayer of my brothers and sisters does not beseparated in my every activity.28. Both my aunts who are more familiar with the call of mama (mother).Mama Ali and mama Ane, who since my birth, they treated us as theirchildren, with full sincerity and sacrifice guiding and raised me. Thanks fortheir melody of yabe lale and their soft hands have taught me the meaning ofsoftness, taught me the meaning of affection. Everything that we have given toyou will never be able to reply to your kindness to us.29. My wife, Dra. Najmah Ma’ruf nad my children (dr. Khairunnisa,Muhammad Husnul Khuluq, S.Pd, M.Sc, Muhammad Ikramurrasyid, ST,Husnul Khatimah, S.Si, Muhammad Taufiqrrahman (RIP) and the youngest ofMuhammad Alimul Hakim) who are almost never complained and alwayssincere for abandoned by her husband and their father. The sincere prayers ofmy wife and my children always escorted every step of my leg. Thanks for all

your understanding during this time, thank you because you never sue memore than what I can give.30. Far away in the world, there are husband and wife who are now smilinghappy and always present in my pulse. Sincerity and hardness of a father, havetaught me the life meaning, guiding to always tough to face every challenge,taught me the sincerity meaning, a sense of honesty and tenderness of a truemother, who taught me the meaning of a heart, a sense of softness, themeaning of sincerity. And both of them taught a sense of harmony,togetherness and taught us the meaning of a longing. Both are capable ofdropping of their children in going through this world, taught their children themeaning and importance of education even thought they are not educated evena mother who never knew the school, but always motivated us to learn, tostudy and to learn. Smile O my mother and father in there. Your son willalways sincerely praying for you, “O my Lord, Almighty God, the mostmerciful, my parent had fulfilled their devotion to Thee, we are their childrenwill never be able to reply both their sincerity and affection. Please, give theproper place to my father and mother in the Heaven.”31. All parties who have genuinely helped me in the process and the journeyof my life until I am able to stand in this esteemed forum.

O, Almighty God, for all their goodness and purity, give them strength,directions, and pour out Thou-bounty to them. And to those who have goneoverlooking to up to Thou-presence, please relieve their graves, and give them thebest places in Thou-Heaven someday.

Nun Wal Qalami Wama Yasturun. Fastabiqul Khairat. Nasrun Minallahiwa Fathun Qarib wa Bassiril Mukminin. Wassalamu Alaikum WarahmatullahiWabarakatuh.

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