MATHEMATICAL MODELLINGOF WELD PHENOMENA 7

Edited by

H. CerjakInstitute for Materials Science, Welding and Forming

Graz University of Technology

H. K. D. H. BhadeshiaDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgy

The University of Cambridge, UK

E. KozeschnikInstitute for Materials Science, Welding and Forming

Graz University of Technology

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT GRAZ

TUG

CONTENTSIntroduction xi

SESSION I: MELT POOL AND ARC PHENOMENA

A Smart Bi-Directional Model of Heat Transfer and Free Surface Flow inGas Metal Arc Fillet Welding for Practicing Engineers 3A. Kumar, W. Zhang, C.-H. Kim and T. DebRoy

Effects of Latent Heat of Fusion on Thermal Processes during Welding 39V. A. Karkhin, H.-J. Pesch, A. S. Ilin, A. A. Prikhodovsky, V. V. Plochikhine,M. V. Makhutin and H.-W. Zoch

Numerical Study of Transient Thermohydrodynamics of a Metallic BathHeated by Electron Beam 63J.P. Bellot

Numerical Mig-Welding Simulation of Magnesium Alloys 77V. Michailov, M. Stadtaus, K. Dilger and M. Rethmeier

Modeling of Time-Dependent 3d Weld Pool Flow 91M. Do-Quang and G. Amberg

3D Numerical Model of Short-Circuiting Transfer Process in GMAWelding 113Y. Hirata, N. Ando, T. Osamura, M. Onda and T. Ohji

Visualization of Weld Pool Surface Flow During Tig Welding on StainlessSteel 316L Plates 125P. Henrikson

SESSION II: MICROSTRUCTURAL MODELLING IN WELD METAL AND HEATAFFECTED ZONE

Modelling of Laser Welded Joints and Microstructure - A Review &Outlook 151R. G. Thiessen and I. M. Richardson

vi Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 7

Modelling and Characterization of Nonequilibrium Weld MicrostructureEvolution 179S. S. Babu, S. A. David, M. L. Santella, J. M. Vitek, E. D. Specht andJ. W. Elmer

Novel Silicon-Rich Bainitic Steel Welds 207H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, M. Lord and L.-E. Svensson

Numerical Simulation on Transformation Process during Multi-Pass TigWelding 219A. V. Tsarkov, G. P. Pantuhov, N.-E. Hannerz and P. Kihlmark

Welding Of Single Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloys 235J. M. Vitek, S. S. Babu, J.-W. Park and S. A. David

Microstructure Anticipation in the Heat Affected Zone of Gma SteelWelds by the Numerical Model 251Z. Odanovic and L. J. Nedeljkovic

Numerical Simulation of Thermomechanical Phenomena during TigWelding and Experimental Validation on Analytical Tests of IncreasingComplexity 269L. Depradeux and J. -F. Jullien

Some Remarks on the Influence of the Constraint Effect on the Relationbetween Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HeterogeneousWelded Joints 295E. Ranatowski

Laser Weld Induced Microstructural Changes in Automotive Bodysheet 309N. J. Den Uijl and M. Anwar /

Modeling of HSLA-65 GMAW Welds 327E. A. Metzbower, D. W. Moon, C. R. Feng, S. G. Lambrakos and R. J. Wong

SESSION III: MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ANDCOMPONENT BEHAVIOUR

In-Situ Observations of Phase Transformations in the Fusion Zone of Ti-6A1-4V Alloy Transient Welds using Synchrotron Radiation 343J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, S. S. Babu, W. Zhang and T. Debroy

Contents vii

Development of the Strains during Local Explosive Post Treatment ofWelded Joints 363N. Doynov, S. Christov, V. Michailov and H. Wohlfahrt

The Importance of Modelling Elevated Temperature Material Responseand Large Deformations in Resistance Upset Welds 377J. W. Foulklll, A. R. Ortega and D. J. Bammann

Numerical Analysis of Crack Growth Phenomena in the AirplaneStructures - 391A. Vichniakov, H.-J. Schmidt andB. Schmidt-Brandecker

Spotweld Performance under High Strain Rate Loading Conditions 419V. Robin, G. Bernauer, T. Akguen and T. Heubrandtner

Numerical Simulation of Stress-Strain Relation and Ductile-To-BrittleTransition in Welded Joints Subjected to Different Strain Rate 435M. Mochizuki and M. Toyoda

Modelling of Thermal History in Electroslag Welds for Novel BuildingConstructions 463K. Ichikawa, Y. Hashiba, A. Nogami and Y. Fukuda

Trefftz Finite Element Formulation of a Spot Weld in Dynamic CrashCalculations 483T. Heubrandtner and T. Akgu'n

Fracture Analyses of Welded Components 519V. Robin, T. Pyttel, J. Christlein and A. Strafing

SESSION IV: SOLIDIFICATION CRACK PHENOMENA

Prediction of Welding Hot Cracking using Temperature DependentInterface Element - Modelling of Interfaces 539H. Murakawa, H. Serizawa and M. Shibahara

Numerical Simulation and Prediction of Weld Solidification Cracking 555Y. Wei, Z Dong, R. Liu, Z. Dong and Y. Pan

viii Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 7

Finite Element Simulation of Pear-Shaped Bead Cracking in Narrow GapWelding using Temperature Dependent Interface Element 573M. Shibahara, H. Serizawa, H. Murakawa, T. Nakamura and K. Hiraoka

SESSION V: RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DISTORTION

Accounting for Welding Residual Stresses in the Design Stage 591N. Enzinger

Prediction of Distortions of Large Thin Structures during Welding usingShell Elements and Multiscale Approaches 605F. Faure, J.-M. Bergheau, J.-B. LeblondandB. Souloumiac

A Method to Consider the Results of Previous Forming Processes in theSimulation of Laser Beam Welding 621M. F. Za'h, F. Auer, S. Roeren

Numerical Simulation of Welding for Determining the Residual StressField Application to Monopass Fillet Welds and Friction Stir Welding 635M. Clerge, D. Lawrjaniec, A. Abisror, C. Decker, M. Kocak and J. Dos Santos

Effects of the Structural Restraint Intensity on the Stress Strain Build Upin Butt Joints 651T. Boellinghaus, T. Kannengiesser and M. Neuhaus

The Numerical Modelling of Residual Stresses and Strains at Arc Weldingby the Modulated Current 671M. Nurguzhin, G. Danenova and T. Shigaev

Simulation and Validation of Tig-Welding and Post Weld Heat Treatmenton an Inconel 718 Plate 683A. Lundba'ck, H. Alberg and P. Henrikson

Challenge to Active In-Process Control of Welding Distortion 697M. Mochizuki and M. Toyoda

Fracture Mechanics Analysis of a 16" PWR Dissimilar Weld Metal PipeJunction 713P. A. Gilles, M. Borrego-Puche and G. Martin

Contents ix

Distortion and Stress Assessment and Optimization of PTA Welded Toolsand Cutting Blades using the F.E. Method 731U. Semmler, K. Alaluss andK.-J. Matthes

Finite Element Modelling of GTA Weld Surfacing Applied to Hot-WorkTooling 747D. Klobcar, J. TusekandB. Taljat

FE-Welding Simulation and Distortion Measurement during WeldingUsing Optical Object Grating Method - 763M. Brand, M. Petz, R. Tutsch, H. Wohlfahrt and V. Michailov

SESSION VI: HYDROGEN

Hydrogen Behaviour in Welded Joints and Evaluation of its Role for ColdCrackingPart One: State of the Problem 781B. T. Alexandrov

Hydrogen Behaviour in Welded Joints and Evaluation of its Role for ColdCrackingPart Two: Investigation Methodology 805B, T. Alexandrov

Numerical Simulations of Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Girth Welds ofSupermartensitic Stainless Steel Pipelines - Report II 847T. Boellinghaus, E. Viyanit and H. Hoffmeister

Numerical Simulation of the Tekken-Test for the Prediction of ColdCracking Susceptibility , 875M. Stadtaus, H. Wohlfahrt, K. Dilger and V. Michailov

SESSION VII: SPECIAL WELDING PROCESSES

Computer Simulation of Resistance Spot Welding Process 895A. De and L. Dorn

Modelling of the Contact Condition at the Tool/Matrix Interface inFriction Stir Welding 925H. Schmidt, J. Hattel andJ. Wert

x Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 7

Numerical Simulation of Flash Butt Welding of Railway Rails 943A. Skyttebol and L. B. Josefson

Development of Computer-Aided Optimization System for TransientLiquid Phase Bonding Process 965K. Saida, R. Sakamoto and K. Nishimoto

Influence of Electrical-Thermal Physical Properties in Resistance SpotWelding Modelling 999C. Srikunwong, T. Dupuy and Y. Bienvenu

SESSION VIII: MODELLING APPROACHES AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS

Analysis of Welding and Heat Deposition Processes using an Inverse-Problem Approach 1025S, G. Lambrakos and J. O. Milewski

Software Package Simweld for Simulation of Gas-Metal-Arc-WeldingProcesses of Steels and Aluminium Alloys 1057U. Dilthey, I. Dikshev, O. Mokrow and V. Pavlyk

Fem Tool for Resistance Projection Welding 1081A. Vichniakov and H. Herold

Topical Issues in the Development of Expert Systems for Use in theProcess Planning of Resistance Spot Welded Vehicle Structures 1099/. Borhy and P. Szabo

An Analytic-Numerical Assessment of the Thermal Cycle in HAZ withThree Dimensional Heat Source Models and Pulsed Power Welding 1111E. Ranatowski and A. Pocwiardowski

Author Index 1129