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Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants and CO 2 Capture WORKSHOP 2012 A UK CCS Community Network Specialist Workshop supported by The Research Councils UK Energy Programme Report Coventry 04/2012

Transcript of Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants · PDF fileMathematical Modelling and...

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Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants and CO2 Capture – WORKSHOP 2012

A UK CCS Community Network Specialist Workshop

supported by

The Research Councils UK Energy Programme

Report

Coventry 04/2012

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Contents 1. Summary .........................................................................................................................................................3

2. WORKSHOP PROGRAMME .............................................................................................................................4

3. ABSTRACTS .....................................................................................................................................................5

1st Day, 20th March 2012 .....................................................................................................................................5

2nd Day, 21st March 2012 ....................................................................................................................................8

4. List of attendees .......................................................................................................................................... 14

5. Total costs .................................................................................................................................................... 16

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1. Summary

On 20th/21st March, the international workshop on Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants

and CO2 Capture Processes was held at Warwick, which is organised by Prof Jihong Wang and Dr Jacek Wojcik

with the support of the researchers from Power and Control Systems Research Laboratory.

Mathematical modelling and simulation play a crucial role in proof of concept, feasibility study, reliability and

performance analysis for new design and development to be cost effective and robust. This is especially

important in power generation industry and deployment of CO2 capture technologies, where we are limited

in experiments with the real object (power plant). Modelling can potentially support decisions at a range of

business levels, from strategic planning, component and process design through to plant and system

implementation, operation and maintenance. The workshop included 16 presentations from academic

institutions and industry. 60 participants from UK, China, Poland, Belgium and USA were willingness to share

their time and expertise in the area of mathematical modelling and simulation.

The main aims of this workshop were:

to exchange the information of modelling and simulation techniques and the progress of research in

this area;

to create a meeting platform for researchers in this area to get together;

to get a better picture for who does what in this research area;

to update the software package and computer language available for modelling and simulation;

to explore the opportunity for more unified software package in the future to achieve exchangeable

modelling and simulation blocks;

to get better ideas for what the industrial needs are.

It was also a great opportunity to make new contacts and to discus for potential collaboration and future

grant applications. The event is sponsored by UKCCSC (UK Carbon Capture and Storage Community), Science

City Energy Efficiency Project and Warwick GPP in energy.

Organisers: Prof J Wang, Dr J D Wojcik (The University of Warwick), Dr H Chalmers and Dr M Lucquiaud (The University of Edinburgh), Dr J Peng (The University of Sussex)

Date: 12:00 lunch time 20th March 2012 – 14:00 21st March 2012

Dinner: Scarman House (on University Campus), 20th March 2012

Venue: F111, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

Programme: The workshop programme consists of presentations and software demonstrations.

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2. WORKSHOP PROGRAMME

1st day, 20th March 2012 Time

Venue

12:00 Registration and lunch First floor next

to F106

13:30 Welcoming address remarks… F111

Presentations from academic institutions and industry

13:50 Prof Q Gao Tsinghua University Clean Coal Technology in China F111

14:20 Prof M Pourkashanian (TBC) University of Leeds tbc F111

14:40 Dr M H Wang Cranfield University Hybrid Coal-fired Power Plants with CO2 Capture: An Economic

Evaluation and Dynamic Analysis F111

15:00 Anthony Browne ( Dr Hao Liu) University of Nottingham Modeling of Post Combustion Carbon Capture in Aspen HYSYS F111

15:20-15:40 Coffee break

First floor next to F106

15:40 Greg Kosowski TRAX International Carbon Capture Modeling using ProTRAX F111

16:00 Joakim Beck (Prof Eric Fraga) University College London Surrogate modelling for PSA design for carbon capture F111

16:20 Dr Mathieu Lucquiaud University of Edinburgh Addressing technology uncertainties in power plants with post-

combustion capture: The need for bespoke CCS power plant models F111

16:40 Prof J Wang , Prof Q Gao,

Dr Y L Xue, Dr J Wojcik, Dr B Al-Duri , M Draganescu, S Guo

University of Warwick and Tsinghua University

Supercritical Coal Fired Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control for Grid Code Compliance

F111

17:20 Demonstration of ProTRAX software package Coffee Break and Networking, tour Engineering at Warwick F106/

F111/A205

18:30 Workshop Dinner Scarman House

2nd day, 21st March 2012 Time

Venue

8:30-9:00 tea/coffee/cakes

First floor next to F106

Presentations from academic institutions and industry

09:00 Dr Zhichun Sun Shenhua Guohua Power Study on the Mechanism of Being Blocked of GGH in Power Plants F111

09:20 Dr Adekola Lawal PSE Ltd and Cranfield

University Dynamic analysis of coal-fired subcritical power plant with CO2 capture F111

09:40 Dr Z X Sun Xi’an Jiaotong University The effects of parameters of primary frequency control on the

stabilization of grid frequency F111

10:00 Chet Biliyok Cranfield University Development and validation of dynamic models for CO2 capture with

chemical Absorption F111

10:20 Niall Mac Dowell (Prof Shah,

Nilay) Imperial College Dynamic modelling of amine-based CO2 capture processes F111

10:40-11:00 Coffee Break

First floor next to F106

11:00 M Lipinski IASE The practical use of selected models of power plant objects in various

control systems of pulverized coal-fired drum boilers. F111

11:20 Daniel Friedrich University of Edinburgh Efficient simulations of general adsorption cycles F111

11:40 Dr J Wood, Prof J Wang, Y

Wang, S Caldwell University of Birmingham and University of Warwick

Modelling of Pre-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture and Power Plant Cycle at IGCC Power Stations

F111

12:20 Lunch First floor next

to F106

13:00 Small meetings for further discussions –

after the main workshop

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3. ABSTRACTS

1st Day, 20th March 2012

Hybrid Coal-fired Power Plants with CO2 Capture: An Economic Evaluation and Dynamic Analysis

Meihong Wanga, Ye Huangb and Adekola Lawala,c

aProcess Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,

MK43 0AL, UK. bCentre for Sustainable Technologies, School of the Built Environment, University of Ulster, UK, BT37 0QB

cProcess Systems Enterprise Ltd, 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA, UK

Post-combustion capture by chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent is well suited for treating flue gas streams with low CO2 partial pressures typical of coal-fired power plants. The drawback of this process is the high energy requirement for solvent regeneration. However, it requires minimal modifications to the combustion process and is thus well suited for retrofit options. The oxyfuel process produces a flue gas stream that has a high CO2 partial pressure which makes CO2 separation considerably easier. However, the Air Separation Unit (ASU) would require large quantities of energy to generate the amounts of oxygen needed for the conventional oxyfuel process. In addition, significant modifications to the boiler are required when firing pulverized fuel in a concentrated oxygen stream instead of air. Doukelis et al. (2009) show that there could be benefits in a combination of these two types of CO2 capture technologies, resulting in a partial oxyfuel mode in the furnace and the post-combustion solvent scrubbing. They suggested that this option may be particularly beneficial when retrofitting existing power plants. This study investigates (a) the economic evaluation as presented in Huang et al. (2012); (b) the operation of the chemical absorption process downstream an enhanced-O2 coal power plant using dynamic modelling and simulation as presented in Lawal et al. (2011). Keywords: Post-combustion, CO2 capture, Pulverized coal power plant, oxy-fuel combustion, Chemical absorption, MEA, Dynamic modelling

Modelling of Post Combustion Carbon Capture in Aspen HYSYS Anthony Browne University of Nottingham

This presentation describes the process for, and initial outcomes of modelling a Post Combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) system within Aspen HYSYS V7.1 where both technical and economic estimations are necessary. The work has highlighted a number of key knowledge areas to be developed in order for improved technical modelling and cost estimation. Notably a better understanding of how Aspen HYSYS utilises the chemical models within it’s Amines Property Package, and the replacement of generic costs for steam and process water. A system treating 5% of the flue gas stream from a 500MW coal fired power station, utilising aqueous MEA is described. The model estimates costs of £0.15 per Kg of CO2 captured with total fixed costs of £23million with annual operating costs of £25million. This represents an additional cost of £0.12 per KWH of electricity generated.

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Carbon Capture Modeling using ProTRAX

Greg Kosowski TRAX International

Capturing the carbon dioxide emitted from fossil-fired power plants will be necessary if targeted reductions in carbon emissions are to be achieved. One method of burning coal in utility boilers that simplifies the carbon capture process is called oxy-combustion. During the oxy-combustion process, coal is burned in oxygen instead of air; this results in a flue gas stream consisting almost entirely of water vapor and carbon dioxide. Standard industrial equipment can then be used to isolate the carbon dioxide and prepare it for discharge into a pipeline. The TRAX Corp. is currently working with a utility partner to develop a dynamic simulation of an oxy-combustion power plant and subsequent carbon dioxide capture. This dynamic plant model will be used for:

Process design and evaluation

Control system design

Assessment of the impact of carbon capture equipment on plant dynamics

Operator training This presentation will describe the overall project, current status, problems encountered, and remaining work, with an emphasis on the carbon capture process.

Surrogate modelling for PSA design for carbon capture

Joakim Beck University College London

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a cyclic adsorption process for gas separation, and its design is a matter of study for various applications. Much attention has been devoted towards the simulation and optimisation of various PSA cycles. PSA beds are described with hyperbolic/parabolic partial differential algebraic equations, and the separation performance should be assessed at cyclic steady state (CSS). This talk presents a surrogate based optimisation approach based on kriging to reduce computational expense in the design of PSA systems. The numerical tests are conducted to demonstrate the results of the approach when used with a genetic algorithm, with a multi-start sequential quadratic programming method, and with an efficient global optimisation algorithm, and to illustrate the effectiveness in addressing the computational expense associated with the design of a PSA system through computer simulation and optimisation. The use of the surrogate modelling approach was shown to have a significantly faster acceleration in the search for quality designs compared to a conventional genetic algorithm. The underlying case study is the design of a Dual-piston PSA system to separate a binary mixture of N2 and CO2, which is an interesting application for post-combustion carbon capture.

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Addressing technology uncertainties in power plants with post-combustion capture: The need for bespoke CCS power plant models

Mathieu Lucquiaud The University of Edinburgh

Very little underpinning research has been undertaken to develop the approaches required to mitigate or manage risks associated with technology uncertainty in CCS power plants. Instead, most of the current research on CO2 capture from power stations is typically focused on operation of the power cycle and the capture plant with the assumption of a fixed technology throughout the life of the plant. This paper examines, at a generic level, the scope for modelling power plants with post-combustion CO2 capture to future-proof their hardware against technology developments so that they are able to incorporate improvements. The quantitative analysis considers the case study example of pulverised coal plants with post-combustion CO2 capture using flue gas wet scrubbing with liquid solvents since this technology is likely to be used on many of the first CCS plants and is inherently upgradable through replacement of the solvent. A modelling approach is presented that identifies critical pieces of hardware by screening future Supercritical Coal Fired Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control for Grid Code Compliance

Study of Supercritical Coal Fired Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control for Grid Code Compliance

Prof Jihong Wanga, Dr Jacek D Wojcika, Dr Yali Xueb

aUniversity of Warwick, UK.

bTsinghua University, China

This presentation summaries the EPSRC funded research project in supercritical power plant modelling, simulation and Grid Code compliance study. This is a research project joint between the Universities of Warwick and Birmingham and two universities in China – Tsinghua University and North China Electric Power University. The presentation gives a brief introduction to the history of power plant simulation conducted by Tsinghua University, as well as the principle and functions of a power plant simulator. Then several key issues are addressed in developing a supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) power plant simulator based on the feature of SCPC power plant. The preliminary progress of this project is reported, including the simulation scope, software/hardware structure, modelling method of key devices (take start-up steam/water separator as an example), control system model and human-machine interface development.

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2nd Day, 21st March 2012

Study on the Mechanism of Being Blocked of GGH in Power Plants

Dr. Zhichun Sun Shenhua Guohua Power

More than 50% of wet flue gas desulphurization system thermal power generating units set gas gas heater (GGH). In practical operation, GGH plug causes pressure increasing, leading to serious boosting fan stall, boiler trip; and affecting the safety of plant operation, economy and environmental benefits. For solving the congestion problems of GGH, the blocking mechanism of GGH, GGH scale composition, mist eliminator performance, the jet bubble reacter (JBR) control features and so on have been studied. First of all, it has been found that GGH scale is derived from the gypsum slurry carried by the net flue gas by analyzing phase and elemental of the GGH different side of the scale composition. Based on the power plants in Taishan and Dingzhou velocity field throughout the desulfurization system numerical simulation and experimental verification, it has been found that the velocity field before demister uneven distribution of flue gas velocity deviation from the best defogging efficiency demister area limestone slurry flue gas carried by leading to the increase GGH jam. The experiment of various parameters demister such as plate type, plate spacing, gas flow rate, effects on the efficiency demister has been performed, with arc-shaped plate and folded plate flue gas flow rate range of high defogging 4m/s ~ 8m/s. The second brought in demister accurs when the fluegas flow rate is higher than 8m/s, leading the efficiency to a rapid decline. Two layout arc-Pack 26-20 combinations of blade Taishan power plant is more efficient than the average fog removing the original plate by about 8%; and three combinations with two demister combination have no significant improvement. Numerical simulation of demister shows that as the droplet diameter increases, the defogging efficiency increases rapidly. Folded plate demister fits for the separation of large droplets. Arc-shaped plate demister fits for the removal of tiny droplets. Droplets on the particle size of 20 microns or less are in the low efficiency of removal. JBR reactor experiment shows that: with the JBR run liquid level increases, the generation of small droplets remarkablely reduces; and the concentration of small droplets can be reduced by increasing the level of grid. In view of the actual operation of JBR 125mm, it’s concluded that the best grid installation location is 50mm from the jet orifice department. On the basis of the mechanism, a technology of tiny droplets online test, desulfurization tower tiny droplets controling technology, demister plate coupled with the defogging efficiency technology, GGH heat exchanger cleaning technology and other key technology components have been developed. GGH plug of solution has been put forward, and the application in Taishan, Dingzhou and other large-scale thermal power plant engineering has got good results.

keywords:gas-gas heater, mist eliminators, numerical simulation, chemical cleaning

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Demonstrating full-scale post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a pulverized coal power plant

Adekola Lawala,b and Meihong Wanga aProcess Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK. bProcess Systems Enterprise Ltd, 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA, UK

Fossil-fuel power plants are the largest single source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 has been linked to problems like climate change and the acidification of the oceans. Carbon capture and storage can be used to mitigate CO2 emissions from such power plants. This comes, however, at additional investment and operating costs which are quite significant. This presentation provides insights into the design and operation of full-scale post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a pulverized coal power plant through dynamic modelling and simulation. The gPROMS® (Process Systems Enterprise Ltd.) advanced process modelling environment has been used to implement the work. The development and validation of the dynamic models of the power plant and CO2 capture plant are described. In addition, the scale-up of the CO2 capture plant from pilot plant scale (where it was validated) to full scale is discussed. Subsequently the manner in which the two plant models were linked is discussed. A floating IP/LP crossover pressure configuration is used. A throttling valve is included between the LP turbine and draw-off point to prevent pressures at the crossover from dropping below required levels in the reboiler for solvent regeneration. The flue gas from the power plant is cooled and treated before it is sent to the CO2 capture plant. A number of steady state and dynamic case studies are investigated using the integrated model. Results show the CO2 capture plant’s slower response compared with the power plant and possible interactions between control systems of both processes. The design and operation of full-chain CCS systems are currently being investigated in an Energy Technologies Institute-funded project by a consortium comprising the E.ON, EDF, Rolls-Royce, Process Systems Enterprise, CO2DeepStore and E4tech. This presentation includes descriptions of the activities towards the development of the full-chain CCS modelling tool-kit. Keywords: Post-combustion, CO2 capture, Pulverized coal power plant, Chemical absorption, MEA, Dynamic modelling.

The effects of parameters of primary frequency control on the stabilization of grid frequency

Zhixin Sun Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

Power system stability is considered as an important problem for system operation, and power system frequency is one of the vital parameters in power system operation. The deviation of grid frequency must be controlled within an allowable range under any disturbances. System frequency is regulated through primary and secondary frequency controls generally. Primary frequency control (PFC) regulates the fast quantity of load in dynamic process, and secondary frequency control regulates the slow quantity of load. Thus, when turbulence occurs in power system, PFC is of great importance in the first several seconds. Computer simulation is the most effective way for stabilization analysis of grid frequency. In this study, mathematical model for stabilization analysis is established. The dynamic process of boiler is very slow comparing with the dynamic process of steam turbines. Since the PFC works only at the first several seconds, the variations of boiler parameters are nearly neglectable. Hence, the modeling of boiler is omitted and only the steam turbines and the governing system are modeled. The constants in the models can be obtained by parameter identification from dynamic test data.

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Dead band and speed droop are the most important parameters of PFC, which may affect the grid frequency stability greatly. Thus their effects on stability of grid frequency are investigated respectively. The simulation results show that:

When the capacity of units with 2rpm dead band is 90% and the capacity of units with 3rpm dead band is 10%, the allowed load disturbance is 8.2%. As the dead band decreases, the maximum allowed load disturbance increases, the system oscillation decreases, and the maximum amplitude of frequency response decreases obviously. When unit capacity with small dead band increases, the dynamic characteristic gets better, overshoot becomes smaller, the response speed is faster, and system reaches steady state more quickly.

When load disturbance occurs, units with small speed droop would suffer larger power variation, which is a threat to the safety of unit. The overshoot and stabilization time of frequency for units with large speed droop would decrease, but their steady error would increase. Therefore, the speed droop for each unit should be set closely to protect the unit’s safety and ensure stable system frequency.

Dynamic Modelling and Validation of Post-combustion Chemical Absorption CO2 Capture Plant

Chechet Biliyoka, Adekola Lawalb, Meihong Wanga aProcess Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK. bProcess Systems Enterprise Ltd, 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA, UK

The development of dynamic models for post-combustion CO2 capture with chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) has done been done in the past. Such models are only validated at steady-state, which means the models can predict process performance at different operating points. However, without dynamic validation, there is no guarantee that the model in question would predict dynamic responses accurately. This paper presents a dynamic validation study. The absorber and regenerator were modelled based on the two-film theory with a rated-based approach and chemical reactions assumed to be at equilibrium. PSE’s gPROMS® advanced process modelling environment is used to implement work. Electrolyte NRTL activity coefficient model in Aspen Properties is used to describe both the chemical equilibrium and the Vapour-Liquid equilibrium, and also supplied physical properties for the system. The plant data logs used for validation is provided by the Separation Research Programme of the University of Texas at Austin. Three cases were considered for comparison, the first a conventional process and the other two incorporating an intercooler in the absorber to enhance CO2 absorption. The absorber temperature profile, the capture level and the reboiler duty were used for comparison. It is observed that the model satisfactorily predicts the pilot plant behaviour and response resulting from a process input such as a step change in flue gas or lean solvent flow rate or a disturbance like fluctuating CO2 concentration in the flue gas. In fact the model is able to handle multiple process inputs and disturbances, producing trends in close agreement with the pilot plant data logs. Keywords: Post-combustion, CO2 capture, Chemical absorption, MEA, Intercooler, Dynamic modelling, Model validation.

Dynamic modelling of amine-based CO2 capture processes Niall Mac Dowell Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London

In this contribution, we present dynamic models of amine-based CO2 capture processes. Reactions are considered to be equilibrium, and are modelled using the SAFT-VR equation of state. We use a physical interpretation of the many interactions occurring in the fluid, providing a significant simplification over the traditional chemical interpretation. In this way, we avoid the use of enhancement factors, significantly reducing our dependence on experimental data. Heat and mass transfer phenomena are described with the two-film theory. The steady state performance of the dynamic model is validated using pilot-plant data. We present a study on the effect of flue-gas humidity on the position of the mass transfer zone within the

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absorption column. We then use our models to identify the cost-optimal degree of capture for a 660MW coal-fired power station. A highly non-linear cost-versus-degree of capture relationship is observed. We study the effects of changing carbon and electricity prices on the cost-optimal degree of capture, and consider implications towards legislation formulation. We go on to on to present a study on the dynamic operation of the solvent regeneration process. We account for the real-time cost compromise between electricity/energy and carbon costs and show how the application of advanced control techniques can result in enhanced process flexibility and allow us to realise a significant reduction in the operational cost. All process models are implemented in gPROMS, with control models implemented in MATLAB.

The practical use of selected models of power plant objects in various control systems of pulverized coal-fired drum boilers.

Mr Mariusz Lipinski Institute of Power Systems Automation Ltd, Poland

Fires in coal mills are undesirable phenomenon, especially in co-fired biomass. Biomass clusters in grinding chamber, which leads to ignition and fire in coal mill. In order to face this problem Institute of Power Systems Automation Ltd (IASE Ltd.) created detection and prevention system of fire and ignition, which has two elements: 1. Identify the loss of fuel in the coal mill system based on coal-mill model. The system creates the difference between modeled power of mill engine and actual power of mill engine and then makes comparison with defined threshold value (in the overrun indicator with set hysteresis). When the limiting value is exceeded the logic signal is generated informing about coal shortage. The signal is stored and displayed, as well as practically used in the process of disturbance elimination. This information is vital, because disturbances in the fuel flow to the boiler tend to destabilize work of most control systems, leading to creation of exaggerated, harmful deviations in technological parameters and their nominal values. 2. Fire detection system based on the coal-mill model. The system enabling ignition and fire detection in coal-mills is based on comparison of the air-dust mixture temperature with the modeled temperature of the air-dust mixture. The logic signal informing about overheat of the mill is created when the defined threshold value (in the overrun indicator with set hysteresis) is exceeded by the signal relating the difference in temperatures between the air-dust mixture and its model (obtained from the heat balance deviations due to disturbances not included in the created mill model). It is then successfully used in the system protecting the mill against the propagation of a threat (fire), e.g. through introduction of chemically neutral gas or steam. Implementation of the above system is especially effective in systems with inertial measurement devices of the air-dust mixture temperature.

Efficient simulations of general adsorption cycles Daniel Friedricha, Maria-Chiara Ferraria, Peter Reidb and Stefano Brandania a Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh b College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes are receiving considerable interest as separation process for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) due to the potential for higher productivity and a lower energy penalty. To fulfil this potential adsorption based separation processes require adsorbent materials and process conditions tailored to the specific separation. Both aspects depend on a large number of parameters: i) the characteristics of novel adsorbent materials, such as kinetic and equilibrium parameters, have to be estimated from experiments; ii) the adsorption process depends critically on the process conditions, such as cycle configuration, column and adsorbent sizes, temperature, pressure and flow rates. Hence a solely experimental approach is not feasible and it is important to support experiments by accurate and efficient simulation tools. Once these tools are validated they can be used for the parameter estimation for novel adsorbents and for the optimisation of the process conditions.

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However, adsorption processes are inherently dynamic and even the simplest models lead to a system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Thus it is challenging to develop accurate computational tools which are faster and more economical than the actual experiments. In this contribution we show the implementation of efficient numerical tools for the simulation of pressure swing adsorption cycles coupled with numerical strategies for the calculation of Cyclic Steady State (CSS). The implementation is based on a model hierarchy which is developed from the mass, momentum and energy balances in the gas and solid phases and leads to a set of models with increasing complexity. The system of PDEs resulting from the model hierarchy are solved with state-of-the-art discretisation schemes, which are tailored to the character of the governing equations. PDEs with a strong hyperbolic character, i.e. mass and energy transport in the gas phase, are discretised with the Finite Volume Method (FVM) with a flux-limiting scheme; this guarantees the conservation of mass and energy as well as correct tracking of the moving fronts. The mass and heat transfer in the adsorbent materials is discretised with the orthogonal collocation on finite elements method which is a very efficient method for problems with steep, stationary gradients. The large system of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) is solved with the SUNDIALS solver suite from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. However, even with these sophisticated discretisation schemes, the computation times to reach CSS are long due to the non-linear system behaviour as well as the complex nature of the system. We use several strategies to reduce the computation time: i) model hierarchy, use the simplest model which accurately describes the problem; ii) model and discretisation switch: initial simulation with simpler model, e.g. LDF instead of full diffusion model, and lower resolution discretisation; iii) implementation of numerical acceleration schemes, e.g. extrapolation or Newton method, which accelerate the convergence to CSS; iv) interpolation of the starting conditions from previous simulation runs. The integration of the simulation tool with a simple graphical user interface for the simulation of Skarstrom PSA/VSA cycles and future developments of the simulation tool are discussed.

Modelling of Pre-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture and Power Plant Cycle at IGCC Power Stations.

Prof. Jihong Wanga, Dr Joe Woodb, Dr Bushra Al-Durib, Simon Caldwellb, Yue Wanga. University of Warwick, University of Birmingham.

CO2 capture and storage has attracted significant recent interest as a potential greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. Although CO2 capture could help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it comes at a cost of reduced power station efficiency, as well as the capital and operating costs of providing the capture equipment. Pre-combustion capture is proven industrial scale technology, but needs three times scale up for power plants. There are challenging issues which need to be addressed before this highly promising cleaner coal technology can be implemented in a large scale. Consequently, there is a need for model based systematic study of the performance of the pre-combustion capture unit, and moreover integration with overall power plant performance, in order to optimise the whole plant process performance. In order to address this overall problem, it has been broken down in to two work packages: Modelling and simulation study of CCS (University of Birmingham). The capture of carbon dioxide is being simulated using gProms software. The models are being constructed to include a dynamic model of pressure swing adsorption processes. These encompass unsteady state mass and energy balances, coupled with the Langmuir isotherm and Linear Driving Force Model of Mass Transfer. The preliminary experimental data have been validated using a laboratory scale packed bed reactor and adsorption data for zeolite 13X, before moving on to study adsorption over activated carbons. Modelling and simulation study of IGCC power generation process (University of Warwick). A complete mathematical model for the whole IGCC power generation process is being developed with the pre-combustion process integrated. The work started by revisiting the previous research for mathematical model of “power block” (from a turbine to electricity) of gas fired power plants developed at Tsinghua University in China. Initial studies at Warwick have used Thermolib software to study models of the gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator, water gas shift reactor and gas turbine heat recovery module.

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This work is part of a research programme between 5 universities namely Nottingham, Birmingham, UCL and Warwick (in the UK) and Tsinghua University (Beijing, China). Following an introduction to the overall project, a detailed progress update will be given by PhD students working on the project.

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4. List of attendees

Company

Last Name

First Name

Job Title

Cardiff University Mrs Ebereonwu Idegbe Research Student

Costain Mr. saimbi arvinder Power development engineer

Coventry University Miss Cazacu Luminita Student

Cranfield University Dr. Di Lorenzo Giuseppina Research Fellow

Cranfield University Mr. Biliyok Chet Researcher

Cranfield University Mr. OKO Eni PhD Student

Cranfield University Dr. Wang Meihong Lecturer

Erasmushogeschool Brussel Mr. Abeloos Stijn Student

Imperial College Dr. Mac Dowell Niall Research associate

Institute of Power Systems Automation Ltd

Mr. Lipinski Mariusz Technical - Research Major Specialist

Institute of Power Systems Automation Ltd

Mr. Kielian Maciej Technical Research

Leeds University Mr. Vazirian Mohammad Mohsen

PhD Student

Parsons Bricnkerhoff Dr. Foy Kirsten Senior CCS Engineer

Process Systems Enterprise Dr. Lawal Adekola CCS Consultant

Process Systems Enterprise Mr. Saintey-Howes James Academic Sales (EMEA)

Swansea University Dr. Raji Saburi Research fellow

Swansea University , UK Dr. Raji Saburi Engineer

The polytechnic of sokoto state Mr. Saidu Isah Lecturer

TRAX International Mr. Kosowski Greg Director of Engineering Analysis

Tsinghua University Ms. Xue Yali Assistant Professor

Tsinghua University Prof. Gao Qirui Teacher

UCL Mr. Beck Joakim PhD Researcher

University of Birmingham Mr. Caldwell Simon PhD Student

University of Birmingham Dr. Wood Joseph (Joe) Reader in Chemical Engineering

University of Edinburgh Miss Sanchez del Rio Saez

Maria PhD Student

University of Edinburgh Dr Lucquiaud Mathieu Research Fellow

University of Edinburgh Miss Herraiz Laura PhD Student

University of Edinburgh, IMP Dr. Friedrich Daniel Research Fellow

University of Exeter Dr. Li Jia Lecturer in Carbon Capture

University of Exeter Dr. Liang Xi Lecturer in Energy Policy

University of Leeds Prof. Pourkashanian Mohamed Head of ETII

University of Nottingham Mr. Demetriades Thomas Research Engineer

University of Nottingham Mr. Meghani Bishan EngD student

University of Nottingham Mr. Duwahir Zahras Student

University of Warwick Mr. Dooner Mark PhD Student

University of Warwick Dr. Wojcik Jacek Research Fellow

University of Warwick Mr. Wang Yue PhD student

University of Warwick Dr Luo Xing Research Fellow

University of Warwick Ms Mohammadi Blossom Student

University of Warwick Mr. Alexakis Petros MSc Student

University of Warwick Mr. Draganescu Mihai PhD Student

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University of Warwick Prof. Parker Evan Professorial Research Fellow

University of Warwick Prof. MacKay Robert Professor

University of Warwick Mr. Guo Shen Student

University of Warwick Prof. Wang Jihong Professor

University of Warwick Dr. Chan Manleung Senior Fellow

University of Warwick Mr. Liu Hao Student

Valia CL College , ANDHERI WEST Mr. Naik Mahesh Assistant Professor

Warsaw University of Technology Dr. Milewski Jaroslaw Associate Professor

Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Wolowicz Marcin MSc Eng

Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Szablowski Lukasz Ph.D. student

Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Bernat Rafał Research Assistant

Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Bujalski Wojciech adiunkt

Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Futyma Kamil PhD student

Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Kucowski Jan research assistant

Xi‘an Jiaotong University Dr. Sun Zhixin PhD

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5. Total costs

Below you can find a table with total workshop costs. The University of Edinburgh was invoiced £3735.37.

Table 1 Total workshop costs.

Name

from Travel Accommodation Meal Other Total

1 Licquiad* Mathieu Edinburgh 508.90 - 34.48 - 543.38

2 Eni Oko Cranfield - 100.80 - - 100.80

3 Wang Meihong Cranfield - 100.80 - - 100.80

4 Idegbe Ebereonwu Cardiff - 84.00 - - 84.00

5 Zahras Duwahir Nottingham 45.00 84.00 - - 129.00

6 Chechet Biliyok Cranfield 51.40 51.00 - 7.99 110.39

7 Li Jia Exter 91.50 - - - 91.50

8 Pourkashanian Mohamed Leeds 63.00 - - - 63.00

Total 759.80 420.60 34.48 7.99 1222.87

* - claims together with Sanchez Maria & Herraiz Laura

CATERING people cost

Dinner 55 1402.50

Lunch 1

st Day 55 393.50

Tea/coffee+cakes 60 126.00

Tea/coffee 60 60.00

Lunch 2

nd Day 55 302.50

Tea/coffee 60 150.00

Tea/coffee 60 78.00

TOTAL 2512.50

TOTAL 3735.37