MATH VOCABULARY FOR BASIC CALCULATIONS

Roberto Rojas NietoI.E.S. “Andrés de Vandelvira”. Baeza

9 4

1 2

set collection of items

symbol:

members of a set are called elements

There are 4 elements in this set

Venn diagram a diagram using circles or other shapes to show the relationship between sets

2, 4, 6, 8

14

0.142857142857...17

3.14159295359... 2 1.414213...

34

numerator

denominator

12

1 11 =1+2 2

13

1 13 =3+

3 3

14

1 12 =2+

4 4

59

23

56

2 24 =4+

3 3

530

proper fraction

numerator is less than the denominator

Example:

improper fraction

numerator is greater than or equal to denominator

Example:

mixed number

whole number and a fraction

Example:

equivalent fractions

fractions that represent the same number

Example:

reduce we reduce a fraction by finding an equivalent fraction in which the numerator and denominator are as small as possible

Example:

45

54

1 12 2

5 5

1 4 52 8 10

1215

45

power of (number)

the number of times a base number is multiplied by itself 104

Index (exponent)Base number

Read as Expanded Value

32

three squared or three to the power of two

3·3 9

53

five cubed or five to the power of three

5·5·5 125

25 two to the power of five 2·2·2·2·2 32

104 ten to the power of four 10·10·10·10 10 000

factorise to write a number as a product of its factors

prime factorisation

to write a number as a product of its prime factors

greatest common factor or divisor (GCF)

the biggest number that will divide two or more other numbers exactly

Example: the greatest common factor of 30, 45 and 60 is 15

least common multiple (LCM)

the smallest number that is the multiple of two or more other numbers

Example: the least common multiple of 3, 4 and 6 is 12

12 4 3

212 2 2 3 2 3

square number

a number that results from multiplying another number by itself

Example: 9 is a square number because 9 = 32

A square number can be represented in the shape of a square.

cube number

a number that results from multiplying another number three times by itself

Example: 125 is a cube number because 125 = 53

A cubed number can be represented in the shape of a cube.

53 = 125

square root of a number

a number when multiplied by itself gives the original number

Example:

cube root of a number

one of three identical factors of a number that is the product of those factors

Example:

29 3 3·3 3 9

3 3125 5 5·5·5 5 125

even number a number that is divisible by 2

Example: 3788

Even numbers end with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0

The sequence of even numbers is:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, … and so on

odd number a number that is not divisible by 2

Example: 4399

Odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9

The sequence of odd numbers is:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, … and so on